Central European history Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00905992.2018.1448374
The classificatory efforts that accompanied the modernization of the Habsburg state inadvertently helped establish, promote, and perpetuate national categories of identification, often contrary to the intentions of the Habsburg bureaucracy. The state did not create nations, but its classification of languages made available some ethnolinguistic identity categories that nationalists used to make political claims. The institutionalization of these categories also made them more relevant, especially as nationalist movements simultaneously worked toward the same goal. Yet identification with a nation did not follow an algorithmic logic, in the beginning of the twentieth century, sometimes earlier, various nationalisms could undoubtedly mobilize large numbers of people in Austria-Hungary, but people still had agency and nation-ness remained contingent and situational.

2025, Studies of Transition States and Societies

The concept of sustained ethnic mobilization remains under-studied, with a majority of the focus being drawn to the initial factors initiating mobilization. Yet, there are instances globally where ethnic groups have engaged in mobilization, remaining active without fully completing the process of mobilization, or experiencing a decline in mobilization over time. The case of Hungarians in Romania serves as a key example of a minority group that mobilized during the immediate post-communist era while continuing to pursue its stated goals and objectives, maintaining broad support within the community. This article examines two theories of sustained ethnic mobilization, institutional and kin-state, to evaluate which is more effective in analysing the case of the Hungarian minority. Using these theories, the analysis focuses on domestic organizations and institutions, as well as the allowances provided by the Romanian governing system. Additionally, it examines the influence of the Hungarian government through two key forms of support: financial backing for cultural institutions and the provision of citizenship to Hungarians residing in Romania. The article comes to the conclusion that both approaches offer value in understanding why mobilization is sustained but in the case of the Hungarians, the role of institutions is paramount in allowing a group to retain mobilization, offering regional and conceptual implications.

2025, Društvo Pisalni Stroj

"Postmodernistična igra s formo besedila, ki se poigrava na meji med strukturo kratke zgodbe in akademskega eseja. V svojem pripovednem slogu spominja na klasična grška besedila, še najbolj na Homerja v slovenskih prevodih, na kar tudi ves čas kaže s prstom. Zgodba, ki se igra z mejami pripovedništva in v tem polju tudi najde obilico humorja." (Rok Sanda)

2025, Open-file report /

A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise within Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS) in Maryland and Virginia. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean wave height. Rankings for each variable were combined and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. The CVI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. Assateague Island consists of stable and washover dominated portions of barrier beach backed by wetland and marsh. The areas within Assateague that are likely to be most vulnerable to sea-level rise are those with the highest occurrence of overwash and the highest rates of shoreline change.

2025

This is part 2 of an international project.

2025, Dóbék Ágnes

An essential aspect of the patronage of Bishop György Klimo, Bishop of Pécs (1751–1777), was his support for the preparation and publication of historical works. He placed special emphasis on documenting the history of his diocese by researching and organizing sources. He assigned this task to his protégé, József Koller. The work is completed and part IV of the eight-volume series focuses on the bishopric of Pécs of the humanist poet Janus Pannonius (1434–1472), delving into both his ecclesiastical role and his literary contributions.
Some of the source materials cited and published in the book originate from Italian libraries and archives. The acquisition of these manuscripts is divided into two phases: some were researched under Klimo’s direction, and this work continued after the bishop’s death when Koller collected the still missing material with the assistance of the nuncio in Vienna, Giuseppe Garampi.
Klimo’s extensive network in Italy played a pivotal role in the research, with the help of which the sources kept in Italian archives were sent to Pécs. Through the correspondence of Klimo and Koller, we gain insight into the various stages and methodologies employed in the collection of these sources, as well as the complex network of contacts involved. By analyzing previously unknown archival materials and letters, we uncover the process by which Klimo discovered a hidden Janus Pannonius poem in an Italian archive, the individuals who assisted him copy and send it to Pécs, the significance of Koller’s journey to Italy in sourcing materials, and how the work continued after the bishop’s death.

2025, Magyar apróvad közlemények

2025, Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

The current volume, the 23rd in the row, focuses on the core questions of the “third science revolution”:1 the molecular biological traces of human descent and their impact on archaeology and cultural anthropology. It is interesting
to see how the precisely posed questions seem to obey the “revolutionary” Zeitgeist in research: the problems and answers featured in the book are only a few months old, and they already belong to the axiomatic theses, object to numerous further discussions, workshops, conferences, followed by matching publications in due course. The 15th Archaeology Day of Central Germany conference was dedicated to crossroads of archaeology, cultural anthropology and hard scientific methods, with an apparent twofold
aim: one about the sensational new possibilities but at the same time, the limits of biological kinship interpretations, and the other seeking ways of joint interpretations. The key question is whether and how the newly gained factual knowledge of biological lineages can be juxtaposed and compared to long-lasting theses of cultural anthropology. The new data on the presence or, even more, the absence of biological kinship confused thanatoarchaeologists who believed that multiple burials were accurate reflections of nuclear family members, biologically kin people. Alarming results in its positive sense, a kind of unsettled time in research that will undoubtedly bring the dispute to higher levels of understanding.

2025

This project was carried out during June-July 2004 under the aegis of Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. The aim of KVPY is to identify and encourage talented students with an aptitude for research and development, and to provide them an opportunity to associate with working professionals to experience the R&D activities.

2025, Telangana Today 29 June 2025

2025, Hadmérnök

A Magyar Köztársaságnak Európai Uniós és NATO tagságából következően részt kell vennie néhány EU és NATO által lebonyolított hadműveletben. A hadműveletekben a Magyar Honvédség, illetve a Magyar Rendőrség állománya hajt végre feladatokat.... more

2025

Not only loyalism and an apotheosis of the family. Painting decorations of palaces in the Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor in the Baroque era and their ideological programmes In 1973 Konstanty Kalinowski formulated the thesis that the... more

2025, The Cambridge Companion to Proust

This dossier aims to problematize the widespread understanding of ethnic cleavages as the hard core undergirding national conflict. As such it questions the rise of ethnic nationalism during the late nineteenth century as the direct cause of the dawn of Europe's 'oppressed peoples' after 1918. The different contributions evaluate the status of the First World War as the breakthrough moment of Wilsonian self-determination within the multi-ethnic states and empires in Europe. In this respect they investigate the recent powerful thesis propounded by scholars of national indifference in Central Europe that it was the unprecedented disruption of the Great War that politicized ethnicity as never before and made it into a marker of groupness rather than a mere social category, to use Rogers Brubaker's terms. The articles in this dossier also contribute to recent investigations that focus on how European empires tried to accommodate nationalism and how nationalist movements in and outside of Europe used the disruption of the war and Wilson's plea for self-determination to ask for independence. These articles demonstrate how the specific developments of war and revolution produced particular understandings of the general idea of self-determination. The Wilsonian discourse as such had a breakthrough in 1918 when the destruction of Austria-Hungary generally became accepted as an Allied postwar goal. Movements world-wide adopted self-determination as a goal and standard, but as this dossier demonstrates, all kinds of actors used Wilson's words for their many purposes, such that one cannot speak of a coherent and meaningful Wilsonian moment.

2025, Journal of the Belarusian State University. History

The process of formation and development of Russian and Ukrainian studies at the Belarusian State University as a scientific historical discipline and educational course is analysed. It is noted that since the 1936/37 academic year it is possible to find a documented trace of the continuity in the study and the teaching of the discipline at the level of special educational and scientific structures: the department of the history of the peoples of the USSR and the history of the BSSR, department of the history of the peoples of the USSR, department of history of the USSR, department of history of the USSR of the pre-Soviet period, department of the history of the USSR of the era of socialism, department of contemporary history of Slavic countries (based on this department of the history of the Southern and Western Slavs was created), department of Russian history (which was formed on the basis of the department of history of the USSR of the pre-Soviet period, was transformed first in...

2025

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 -NPs) are widely used in industry. Nevertheless the information about its toxicity on humans and environment is still defi cient. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of four intravenous injections of Al 2 O 3 -NPs (20mg /kg body weight) on Wistar male rat brain. For this purpose we highlight behavioral consequences as well as oxidative response, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, Aluminum (Al) biodistribution, and histological changes in Frontal Cortex (FC) and Cerebellum (Cb). In anxiety related behaviors, Al 2 O 3 -NPs treated rats entered less frequently and spent more time in the plus maze's enclosed arms than control rats. Al 2 O 3 -NPs exposure increased the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol group levels in FC and decreased Catalase Activity (CAT) in this latter. Furthermore, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and AChE activities decreased both in FC and Cb. Glutathione Peroxidase Activity (GPx) decreased only in Cb. Sub-acute Al 2 O 3 -NPs exposure increased contents of Al and Magnesium (Mg) in FC and Cb. Nevertheless, calcium (Ca) contents decreased in the both same structures while iron (Fe) contents decreased only in FC compared to the control. The most pronounced histological changes were observed in FC tissue included astroglyosis, vascular congestion, neuronal degeneration, presence of edema and necrosis, degenerative neurofi brillary tangles and vacuolated cytoplasm. Considering the above results we suggest that accumulated Al in brain is the origin of histological changes, biochemical and mineral disturbances which lead to emotional disorders in Al 2 O 3 -NPs treated rats.

2025

A magyar politika ír szemmel: Owen O'Malley diplomáciai tevékenysége Magyarországon (1939-1941) Bevezetés Jelen tanulmány Owen O'Malley brit követ 1939 és 1941 között, Budapesten végzett diplomáciai tevékenységét elemzi, párhuzamba állítva ír származását és magyarbarát politikai szemléletének kialakulását. Célja, hogy elsődleges források -köztük O'Malley levelezése, emlékiratai, valamint a családi archívum 1 -révén feltárja diplomáciai tevékenységét, amely a korszak brit-magyar kapcsolataiban meghatározó szerepet játszott. A tanulmány historiográfiai szempontokat figyelembe véve vizsgálja a Foreign Office Magyarországhoz fűződő viszonyát 1920 és 1941 között, valamint a brit és magyar érdekek ütközési pontjait, különösen a területi revízió és Kelet-Közép-Európa nemzetállamainak politikai törekvései kapcsán. Bár számos történész -köztük Bán D. András, Barta Róbert, Bátonyi Gábor, Beretzky Ágnes, Jeszenszky Géza, Juhász Gyula, Romsics Ignác, Lojkó Miklós és Zeidler Miklós -kutatta behatóan a brit-magyar kapcsolatok két világháború közötti időszakát, Owen O'Malley magyarok iránti érzékenységének gyökerei mindeddig kevés figyelmet kaptak. Ellentétben a Foreign Office által delegált előző követtel, a távolságtartó, sőt sokszor Magyarországgal szemben kifejezetten ellenszenves Geoffrey Knox-szal, O'Malley kimondottan magyarbarát hozzáállást tanúsított, és szoros kapcsolatot alakított ki a magyar politikai elit számos tagjaival. Ez a tanulmány tehát amellett érvel, hogy bár a Foreign Office a trianoni béke utáni években igyekezett távol maradni a Kárpát-medence politikai konfliktusaitól, Owen O'Malley 1939-es budapesti kinevezése jelentős lépést jelentett a brit-magyar diplomáciai kapcsolatok elmélyítése felé. A követ ír származása emellett egyedülálló szimpátiát váltott ki a magyar törekvések iránt, ami megmutatkozott a területi revízióval kapcsolatos kérdésekben és Kelet-Közép-Európa politikájának összetett problémáinak megértésében. Huszonhárom hónap Budapesten. Ennyi adatott Owen O'Malley brit követnek, aki 1939 májusában kezdte meg szolgálatát budapesti állomáshelyén. Bár 1921 óta öt brit követ látott el diplomáciai feladatokat Magyarországon, egyikük sem vált olyan széles körben ismertté, sőt elismertté, mint O'Malley; noha brit diplomataként elsősorban a Foreign 1

2025, Theatrum historiae

This study explores Božena Viková-Kunětická's relationship with inter-war fascism. Starting out from an analysis of her journalism and speeches, it traces this relationship on two levels. On the first it reconstructs Viková-Kunětická's sympathies with fascism as a new political phenomenon and her relationship with the emerging proto-fascist and fascist organisations in Czechoslovakia. In the second section it seeks an answer to the question concerning the extent to which elements of fascist ideology are present in her thought and rhetoric-specifically populist ultranationalism and the myth of palingenesis. The conclusion then focuses on an interpretation of the causes of her partial inclination towards fascism.

2025, Central European Journal of Medicine

Patients with cryptorchidism are at an increased risk for germ cell testicular cancer. OCT 4 has been shown to be a sensitive and specific marker for some types of germ cell testicular cancer. We undertook this study to establish whether OCT 4 immunohistochemistry is a useful tool in the pathohistologic evaluation of postpubertal patients with cryptorchidism. Seventeen postpubertal patients underwent orchidectomy for cryptorchidism at our center since 1997. Immunohistochemical staining with OCT 4 was performed on these samples. Characteristic OCT 4 nuclear staining was positive in two patients. One patient was correctly diagnosed on previous pathohistological evaluation, while OCT4 immunohistochemical staining revealed previously unidentified intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the other patient. OCT 4 immunohistochemistry can be useful in diagnosing a testicular germ cell tumor in patients with cryptorchidism. If we consider a low number of postpubertal patients with cryptorchidism...

2025, Druhá svetová vojna a spoločnosť

Slovo na úvod V roku 2024 sme si pripomenuli 80. výročie Slovenského národného povstania. Napriek uplynuvším ôsmym desaťročiam do dnešných dní ostáva viacero tém z histórie odboja, SNP a druhej svetovej vojny, ktoré nie sú spracované dostatočne, či dokonca nie sú spracované vôbec. Možno to pripísať aktuálnej situácii, keď sa im venuje pomerne malý okruh profesionálnych historikov a rovnako nepočetný okruh amatérskych bádateľov. Mantinely výskumu a dostupnosť archívov, ktoré nám súčasnosť prináša, by si určite vyžadovali systematickejší prístup a početnejší "tím" ľudí pracujúcich na témach spojených so Slovenským národným povstaním. Svoje dedičstvo nám zanechali aj štyri desaťročia totality, keď mal historický výskum nastavené ideologické hranice. Význam SNP však bezpochyby pretrváva, a to nielen v rovine vedeckej, ale tiež štátnej a politickej. Múzeum Slovenského národného povstania v Banskej Bystrici si o niekoľko mesiacov pripomenie 70. výročie svojho založenia. Za tieto dekády zorganizovalo desiatky konferencií, publikovalo zborníky. Múzeum SNP pokračuje v danej tradícii dodnes. So svojimi partnermi -Vojenským historickým ústavom, Ústavom pamäti národa, Univerzitou Mateja Bela či Slovenskou historickou spoločnosťou -organizuje každoročne konferencie, ktoré ešte aj dnes prinášajú nové poznatky, interpretácie, analýzy a syntézy. Do rúk čitateľa sa takmer "do roka a do dňa" dostáva zborník z medzinárodnej konferencie Druhá svetová vojna a spoločnosť, ktorá sa konala v dňoch 8. a 9. novembra 2023 na pôde Múzea Slovenského národného povstania v Banskej Bystrici. Konferenčné panely priniesli množstvo cenných príspevkov, ktoré sme v zborníkovej podobe rozdelili do štyroch okruhov: Armáda na Slovensku, Armáda a odboj v zahraničí, Menšiny a Každodennosť a regióny vo vojne. Spolu sedemnásť publikovaných štúdií je prierezom najnovších poznatkov, ktoré priniesli poprední odborníci zaoberajúci sa týmito témami vo vzťahu k našej histórii. Marian Uhrin riaditeľ Múzea SNP

2025, Theatrum historiae

Moravský zemský hejtman představoval přední osobnost, která stála v čele moravského královského tribunálu a předsedala jednáním zemského sněmu i dalších zemských institucí. Cesta k tomuto úřadu nebyla snadná. Uchazeči museli splňovat vysoké nároky a neobešli se ani bez vlivných podporovatelů u dvora. Vyvrcholením této cesty byla pro nového hejtmana slavnostní instalace v Zemském domě v Brně. Cílem této studie je analyzovat proces uvedení zemského hejtmana do úřadu, od jeho výběru až po následné oslavy.
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The Moravian Land Captain represented a leading figure who headed the Moravian royal tribunal and presided over the proceedings of the Land Diet and other provincial bodies. The path to this office was not an easy one. Candidates were required to meet high standards, and influential supporters at court were also indispensable. The pinnacle of this journey for the new captain was the ceremonial installation at the Land House in Brno. The aim of this study is to analyse the process of the Land Captain's installation, from his selection to the subsequent celebrations.

2025, Umění/Art

The introduction the the edited issue of journal Umění/Art to commemorate 150 years since the birth of Czech-Austrian art historian Max Dvořák, and to commemorate 100 years since the edition of his "Kunstgeschichte als Geistesgeschichte", for the first time issued in 1924. The issue is focused on the new formulations of Max Dvořák´s Renaissance in order to bring in today´s art history the new look on Dvořák´s thinking itself.

2025

The present conceptual paper addresses selected issues concerning the emergent pluridisciplinary research topic of legal survivals, its theoretical underpinnings, and methodological implications. It argues that the concept of a “legal survival” should be understood as a legal form (a legal institution, i.e. a set of functionally interconnected legal norms, a legal concept, a legal principle, or a legal rule) which had emerged in an earlier socio-economic, political or ideological-cultural context, and had been functional towards it, but did not disappear despite a profound change of that context. A systemic transformation, such as the transition from feudalism to capitalism, from capitalism to state socialism, or back to capitalism, is a paradigmatic example of such a profound change of context, though not the only possible one. The paper addresses the ontology of legal survivals, drawing attention to the distinction between written law and legal practice, and formulates three tentative propositions concerning the theory of legal survivals: (1) the law of juristic inertia, which emphasises that lawyers tend to use old forms to express new content; (2) the law of functional adaptation of legal forms, which emphasises that old legal forms may be used to fulfil entirely new social functions; and (3) the law of decontextualisation of legal form, which emphasises that law oftentimes becomes entirely detached from its changing social context, even to the extent of becoming an irritant. Finally, the paper addresses the question of the methodology of studying legal survivals, arguing that it calls for a broadly inclusive pluridisciplinary approach, uniting the methods typical of legal history, comparative law, sociology of law and legal anthropology, with an overarching role for legal theory and the philosophy of law.

2025, -

Anton Straka és Szabó Lőrinc igazi szívbéli jó barátságban állt egymással megismerkedésüktől fogva. Szabó Lőrinc és Korzáti Erzsébet Straka segítségével utazta körbe Csehszlovákiát 1933. augusztus első két hetében. Ez a kirándulóút volt a... more

2025, Nortia

Straka (1893-1945) csehszlovák kultúrattasé magyar nyelvű lírafordításai közül legkiemelkedőbbnek František Halas Anyókák (Staré ženy) című hosszabb költeményét tartjuk, amelyen Palotai Boris és József Attila végzett javításokat.

2025

A trianoni békeszerződés következményeként jelentős magyar nemzetiségű lakosság került az új határokon kívülre, ami hosszú távon meghatározta Magyarország külpolitikai céljait: az elszigeteltség felszámolását és a területi revíziót. Az 1930-as évek végére, a náci Németország megerősödésével, új lehetőségek nyíltak a magyar követelések napirendre tűzésére, különösen a müncheni egyezmény után. A komáromi tárgyalásokon Magyarország békés, nemzetiségi alapon történő határkiigazítást szorgalmazott, míg a szlovák fél hivatalosan elutasító volt, de a háttérben titkos rendeletekkel készült a területi átadásokra. A megegyezés hiányában végül német–olasz döntőbíráskodás született, amely részben teljesítette a magyar igényeket az első bécsi döntés keretében.

2025, Тези виступу на експертному круглому столі «Державний історико-культурний заповідник в Полтаві: нова назва, нова концепція» (19 червня 2025 р.)

Тези виступу на експертному круглому столі «Державний історико-культурний заповідник в Полтаві: нова назва, нова концепція» (19 червня 2025 р.)

2025, Does Ukraine Have Histories?

The review essay engages critically with two recent monographs—Serhy Yekelchyk’s Writing the Nation and Volodymyr Kravchenko’s Ukrainian Historical Writing in North America During the Cold War—to examine the evolution of Ukrainian historiography in both the homeland and the diaspora. Revisiting Mark von Hagen’s provocative 1995 question, "Does Ukraine Have a History?", the author reframes it in the plural to reflect the multiplicity of narratives that now constitute Ukrainian historical discourse. The essay explores how both authors navigate the transition from Soviet to post-Soviet paradigms, the role of diaspora intellectuals in re-exporting revised historiographies, and the political instrumentalization of history amid Russia’s aggression. Kasianov highlights the persistent dominance of the ethnocentric master narrative and the challenges it poses to pluralistic, inclusive historiographical practices. Ultimately, the essay argues for a historiography that can move from antagonistic to agonistic engagement with diverse narratives, marking a critical step toward conceptualizing Ukraine’s complex past and contested historical subjectivity

2025, American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development (AJMRD)

What were medieval brotherhoods? Are there any similarities between the two? What were their distinctive features? Before we can answer these questions, this work also looks at the importance of social function in human groups, attempting to highlight salient elements that can serve as a tool for approaching research into Confraternities and Freemasonry.

2025

The early history of the Khazars is still to be thoroughly investigated. When they came to the Caucasus is lesser known than their origins. The original land of the Khazar tribe, a member of the T'ieh-le union, was likely in the South Siberian belt. They, together with the comrade tribes Suvars and Barsils, if not still others, were attacked by the Uyghurs, another T'ieh-le member, possibly in cooperation with the Avar and Türk alliance in the mid-5th century. The trio migrated to the north of the Caucasus, after expelling the Ogurs. So, the Khazars came to the west in company with the Suvars, who represented and led the interim union towards the outer world. The Suvars were closer to Persia on the Darband Gate, and the Khazars were to their north. The formers were more active in the early generations, but this meant also the speedier melting of their human source. So the Khazars became relatively more crowded. In contrast to the Romans referring only to the name 'Suvar' (Sabir), the Persians were able to separate between the Suvars and Khazars. Their sources have not survived to us, but were abundantly used by early medieval Muslim authors, that need to be checked for anachronism. This helped contruct this paper in a certain logic, according to which the appearance of the Khazars in the Caucasus can be taken to the beginning of the 6th century, if not a little earlier.

2025, Podravina : časopis za multidisciplinarna istraživanja

2025

Časopis do priameho predaja rozširuje MEDIAPRINT-KAPA a vydavateľ.

2025, Central European History

This observation, registered by Marianne Enigl and Herbert Lackner, points to an incontestable and compelling feature of contemporary Austrian political culture: during the 1980s and 1990s, the first meaningful steps toward an Austrian Vergangenheitsbewältigung developed out of a discussion of Austrians' military service during the Nazi era and its highly problematic association with wartime atrocities and genocide. Exploration of this important theme had been avoided throughout the period of the Second Republic by a carefully cultivated expression of public memory. The inherent tension between the internationally sanctioned notion of Austrian victimization during the Nazi years and the pride of many Austrian veterans in having performed their soldierly duties (Wehrpflichterfüllung) had been a taboo subject.

2025, Central European Journal of Biology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the light emitting diode (LED) spectra on the antioxidant properties of sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lentil (Lens esculenta Moenh.) seeds. Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (PPFD -100 µmol m -2 s -1 ; 12 h photoperiod; 27°C). The LED conditions used were: L1 -638 nm; L2 -455 nm, 638 nm, 669 nm, 731 nm (basal components); L3 -basal + 385 nm; L4 -basal + 510 nm and L5 -basal + 595 nm. Wheat and lentil sprouts were shown to accumulate less phenolic compounds and were more sensitive to light spectral differences when compared to radish sprouts. The antioxidant properties and contents of antioxidant compounds in seeds germinated in the dark were significantly lower than LED treated seeds. The higher content of total phenols and significant increase in alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C concentration resulted in altered DPPH free-radical scavenging capacity. Therefore we conclude that the LED spectra, based on basal components supplemented with green (510 nm) light can improve the antioxidant properties of sprouted seeds of lentil and wheat. The highest antioxidant properties of radish seeds were caused by radiation with supplemental amber (595 nm) light.

2025, Open Life Sciences

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the light emitting diode (LED) spectra on the antioxidant properties of sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lentil (Lens esculenta Moenh.) seeds. Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (PPFD - 100 μmol m−2 s−1; 12 h photoperiod; 27°C). The LED conditions used were: L1 - 638 nm; L2 - 455 nm, 638 nm, 669 nm, 731 nm (basal components); L3 - basal + 385 nm; L4 - basal + 510 nm and L5 - basal + 595 nm. Wheat and lentil sprouts were shown to accumulate less phenolic compounds and were more sensitive to light spectral differences when compared to radish sprouts. The antioxidant properties and contents of antioxidant compounds in seeds germinated in the dark were significantly lower than LED treated seeds. The higher content of total phenols and significant increase in alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C concentration resulted in altered DPPH free-radical scavenging capacity. T...

2025

У книзі представлено комплексне й узагальнене дослідження української військової еміграції в міжвоєнний час 1919–1939 рр. Колективний портрет українського вояцтва в еміграції репрезентовано у світлі ідентичності, персональних і суспільних настроїв, повсякденних практиках, суспільній активності. Продемонстровано проблеми вибору українських військовиків у еміграції, які повинні були діяти в революційні часи, орієнтуватися на той чи інший екзильний центр з усвідомленням своєї значущості та свого внеску в боротьбу за незалежність України.

2025, Open Medicine

An episiotomy is a surgical incision through the perineum made to provide sufficient area for the delivery of the infant. About 10 to 95% of women who deliver will have episiotomy depending on which part of the world they are having delivery.Too early episiotomy causes extensive bleeding and too late episiotomy causes the excessive stretching of a pelvic floor and lacerations could not be prevented.According to widely accepted arguments, there are many benefits of episiotomy for the neonate: prevention of injuries, shoulder dystocia and mental retardation of the infant. Benefits for the mother are: reduction of severe lacerations, prevention of sexual dysfunction, prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence. But those things could also be complications of episiotomy, if it is being used nonrestrictively. Some other complications are also extensive bleeding, hematoma or infection.There are many different opinions in literature about using episiotomy restrictively or routinely, so it...

2025, Central European Journal of Chemistry

A mesoporous graphite material micro-structured with palladium-platinum deposits (mixed in the ratio of 70:30% Pd:Pt) has been used as a cost-effective electrode material for designing an amperometric biosensor for xanthine. The here reported biosensor shows significantly improved operational parameters as compared to previously published results. At a constant applied potential of −0.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) it is distinguished with enhanced selectivity of the determination: at the working potential the current from the electrochemical transformation of various electrochemically active substances usually attending biological fluids (incl. uric acid, L-ascorbic acid, glutathione and paracetamol) has been eliminated. The effect of both the temperature and buffer composition on the analytical performance of the sensor has been investigated. Under optimal operational conditions (25°C, −0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl, phosphate buffer, pH 8.4), the following have been defined for the biosensor: sensitivi...

2025, Comparative Migration Studies

Over the past few decades, the forms and geographies of international retirement migration have diversified globally. An outstanding example of this is Hungary, a destination for both retirement migrants from Western Europe and older people, mainly ethnic Hungarian migrants from neighbouring regions. While an increasing body of literature deals with the spatiality of international retirement migration, only a few studies have analysed the settlement choices of older immigrants in receiving countries. To fill this gap, our paper presents a multi-level analysis of the spatial characteristics of the older adults who are settling in Hungary. We examine two different groups of older people arriving in Hungary to identify the factors that may influence their choice of place of residence and explain the possible reasons for their mobility. The empirical data pertain to German and Ukrainian individuals aged over 60, whose migration choices, because their places of residence are characterised by remarkably different geographical patterns, can be considered distinct. Based on a multivariate statistical analysis of the size and distribution of German and Ukrainian migrants aged 60 and over, we found that only some of the German older adults arrive in Hungary as 'classic' lifestyle migrants. However, many of them live in urban areas or disadvantaged regions. In contrast, older persons from Ukraine, primarily ethnic Hungarians, are concentrated along the Ukrainian border or choose to reside in urban municipalities located farther from the border. Data suggest that retired people arriving in Hungary are driven mainly by economic strategies, which, in our view, can be identified as different forms of geoarbitrage, namely, higher pensionseeking among Ukrainians and escaping relative deprivation among Germans. The increasing number of older migrants entails new challenges at the local level, requiring municipalities to expand social services, underscoring the political relevance of our findings.

2025, Kényszeres Megismerés blog

Pokol Béla szociológus már 1986 végén publikált egy tanulmányt a magyar alkotmányos rendszerről, felvázolva vízióját annak lehetséges továbbfejlesztéséről. A történelmi háttér: 1986-ban Moszkvában másfél éve Mihail Gorbacsov volt hatalmon, akiről ekkor még nem lehet tudni, hogy a reformpróbálkozásai és-szólamai megindítják a lavinát, ami váratlan gyorsasággal szétveri majd a Szovjetuniót. Ekkoriban a legrealistább elemzők a kommunista Oroszország valószínű ottomanizálódásáról írtak: tehát arról, hogy lassú lemaradási folyamat várható, társadalmi feszültséggel és politikai konfliktusok sorával, de a hanyatló birodalom sokáig kihúzza még. A keményvonalas keletnémet vagy csehszlovák vezetők összerezzentek, amikor csak meghallották Moszkva felől a kifejezést, hogy glasznoszty (szó szerint: nyíltság; ez volt a gorbacsovi kódszó a tabusított "sajtó-és szólásszabadság" kifejezései helyett). Hasonlóan idegessé vált a sztálinizmust román nacionalizmussal ötvöző kommunista diktátor (Nicolae Ceaușescu) is, aki a szülőfalujának focicsapatát felhozta az első osztályba, és aki építtetett egy akkora stadiont, amelyben a várossá emelt település lakóinak többszöröse elfért volna (Ághassi 2021). 1986-ban Lengyelországban be volt még tiltva a Szolidaritás, amelyről Magyarországon egy O. V. nevű egyetemista írt bátor, rokonszenvező szakdolgozatot, azzal a tanulsággal: természetes dolog, hogy egy diktatórikus rezsim alatt civil vagy érdekvédelmi szervezetek működése is politikai hangsúlyt kap. Lengyelország intő példaként állt Oroszország egész külső birodalma előtt, jelezve, hogy még a visszafogott, még az orosz függést, a kommunista hatalmi monopóliumot nem érintő, nagyon óvatos pluralizálódás kísérlet, még az 1980-as években is azt vonja maga után, hogy jönnek a páncélosok. Ehhez még csak fegyveres felkelés és a semlegesség bejelentése sem kellett, mint 1956-ban Magyarországon (csak egy túl erős, és "természetesen" "külföldről támogatott" civil szerveződés). Még mindig hihetetlen számomra, de 2025 Magyarországán nem árt emlékeztetni: a magyar forradalmat az orosz (szovjet) csapatok fegyveresen leverték, és a hatalomba helyezték Kádár Jánost. Aki azonban gyorsan átvette az erőszak menedzselését: "[K]értem, hogy a szovjet csapatok [1956. november 4-e után] ne járőrözzenek az utcákon, ne vegyenek részt a rendteremtésben. Akármelyik magyar polgár számára kellemesebb, ha őt egy magyar csapja fejbe, nem pedig más. Akkor majd haza fog térni, és nem nemzeti sérelemként foghatja majd fel"-meséli joviálisan később (idézi Rainer 2012:37. Nem mellesleg: Kádár ezt nem a nyilvánosság előtt mondta, hanem egy bizalmas megbeszélésen az akkor még újonc Gorbacsovnak, 1985-ben. A ravasz sakkjátékos mesélgetés közben azt üzent is: "kistesó, lehet, hogy ti helyeztetek a hatalomba, de most már nektek is szükségetek van rám!" Kádár néhány évig még terrort alkalmazott a hatalma megszilárdításához, például kivégeztette a korábbi miniszterelnök Nagy Imrét, akinek későbbi, 1988-as újratemetésén egy fiatal liberális politikus mondta el másodszor a nyilvánosság előtt, hogy ki kellene vonni az orosz hadsereget Magyarországról. (Első alkalommal ugyanis Cserhalmi György olvasta fel ezt a követelést, az

2025, Skrypty Uczelniane AGH

Prezentowana książka była pierwszym podręcznikiem z którego korzystali studenci AGH poznający podstawy informatyki. Omówiona została struktura logiczna komputera oraz jego główne elementy funkcjonalne, opisano pierwsze zastosowania komputerów a także podstawy systemu binarnego i ósemkowego. Z książki tej korzystali także studenci Akademii Ekonomicznej i Politechniki Krakowskiej.

2025, Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte

Drawing on a database of over 160 surviving monuments, this article explores the multi-faceted nature and genesis of Franconia's rich, but under researched late medieval wayside shrine landscape. Part I begins with an overview of the extant corpus of Gothic wayside shrines, before proceeding with case studies that account for the extraordinary popularity of this type of roadside furniture during the two centuries before the Protestant Reformation. Part II sounds out the very beginnings of this sacred landscape during the fourteenth century, proposing three theses about the impact of climate change and its disastrous consequences; the rise of popular eucharistic devotion with its focus on the of the suffering body of Christ; and the formation of "peri-urban sacred zones" around towns in the decades bracketing the year 1300.

2025, Theologiai Szemle

Ismeretes az a szomorú tény, hogy királyaink középkori koronázó és temetkező helyéből, a székesfehérvári Nagyboldogasszony-bazilikából gyakorlatilag nem maradt semmi a szétdúlt alapokon és a feltűnően kevés kőtöredéken kívül. Következésképpen a templomba temetett királyok földi maradványai is az évszázadok során a fosztogatásoknak, háborús pusztításoknak és az utókor nemtörődömségének estek áldozatul. 1 Az 1848-tól tartó időközi régészeti munkálatok alkalmával több csontvázat tartalmazó kősírt ugyan feltártak, de III. Béla király és Châtillon Anna királyné földi maradványainak megtalálásán és azonosításán kívül, a többi épített sírkamrában nyugvó emberi maradványt mindeddig teljes bizonyossággal még nem sikerült nevesíteni.

2025, 7 фейків про гетьмана Iвана Мазепу. День. 2019. 20 березня. №50. С. 9.

Термін «фейк» набув активного поширення відносно недавно, але він якнайкраще підходить до імперської практики подання-представлення для громадськості відомого українського діяча

2025, Slovanský přehled

The article explores Andrei Tikhonovich Pavlov, Russian émigré philoso pher based in interwar Czechoslovakia. There is, as yet, no scientific study dedicated to Pavlov. The available biographical data give an impression of Pavlov as a secondary philosopher, in the shadow of his more renowned col leagues. This paper, based on accessible sources, focuses on Pavlov's career that equivocated largely between Russian émigré pedagogy and philosophy. It also explores Pavlov's contribution to philosophy. The most extensive part of his work in this field is dedicated to philosophy of T. G. Masaryk. The paper focuses on Pavlov's key theses and places them within the context of other studies reflecting Masaryk's work by the Russian philosophers in exile. Thanks to research made, Pavlov does not seem as "philosopher in a sha dow" anymore, but he becomes the one of the most intriguing and, at the same time, most controversial interpreter of Masaryk's works.