Charitable giving Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Trust influences charitable-giving behavior. However, prevailing theoretical discussion and empirical study of the effects of trust suffer from confusion over different dimensions of trust. In addition to the distinction between particularistic trust in individual organizations and generalized trust in unknown others, we differentiate generalized trust in strangers, institutions, and charitable organizations writ large. An empirical analysis concentrates on the latter two, finding that charitable confidence directly influences charitable giving while institutional trust does not. We assert that the influence of charitable confidence on giving may help explain how individuals previously unaware of particular organizations or brands may be susceptible to cold calls and solicitations.

- by
- •
- Nonprofit Studies, Charitable giving, Organizational Trust

The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. We identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.

- by Pamala Wiepking
- •
- Marketing, Sociology, Social Psychology, Economics

Individual Giving and Philanthropy in Turkey 2021 Report, which presents comprehensive and up-to-date data on individual giving and philanthropy. Co-authored by Prof. Dr. Ali Çarkoğlu and Assoc. Professor Selim Erdem Aytaç from Koç University Center for Civil Society and Philanthropy Research, the report presents data under sections Perceptions of Civil Society, Individual Giving and Giving Motivations in Turkey. Referencing the earlier research conducted by TÜSEV, the report also provides a comparative analysis of the change that took place in the field of individual giving in Turkey over a 15-year period. We hope that the report we published will contribute to the field of individual giving in Turkey.

- by ALI Çarkoğlu
- •
- Turkey, Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Modern Turkey
- by Les Hems
- •
- Economics, Fundraising, Charitable giving, Multidisciplinary

Peer-to-peer microfinance connects philanthropic citizens with poor entrepreneurs in the developing world, offering new ways to channel charitable contributions. Although the literature suggests that donors’ perceptions of effectiveness affect charitable giving, very little is known about what types of projects individuals perceive as more effective. Using data from Kiva.org, this article presents evidence on the relative popularity of competing development projects. We present estimates of the impact of publicly visible project characteristics on funding speed. Assuming that Kiva lenders are motivated by poverty alleviation, the results shed light on individual philanthropists’ perception of project effectiveness. Knowing this can help practitioners design fundraising strategies more effectively, especially for projects that are inherently less popular. Le microcrédit pair-à-pair (P2P) connecte les citoyens philanthropes aux entrepreneurs pauvres dans le monde en voie de développement, proposant ainsi des manières nouvelles pour acheminer les dons caritatifs. Bien que les publications suggèrent que les perceptions par les donateurs concernant l’efficacité ont un impact sur les dons caritatifs, on en sait fort peu pour ce qui a trait aux types de projets perçus par les individus comme plus efficaces. Cet article, se basant sur des données issues du site Kiva.org, expose des éléments indicateurs de la popularité relative de projets de développement concurrents. Nous présentons des estimations de l’impact sur la rapidité du financement des caractéristiques d’un projet ayant une visibilité publique. Si l’on tient pour acquis que les prêteurs de Kiva ont pour motivation de réduire la pauvreté, les résultats apportent un éclairage sur la perception par les philanthropes de l’efficacité d’un projet. Cette connaissance est susceptible d’aider les intervenants à concevoir des stratégies de collecte de fonds plus efficaces, notamment pour des projets qui sont par nature moins populaires. Die Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-Mikrofinanzierung verbindet philanthrophische Bürger und mittellose Unternehmer in Entwicklungsländern und bietet neue Wege zur Einbringung wohltätiger Beiträge. Zwar lässt die Literatur darauf schließen, dass gemeinnützige Spenden davon abhängen, wie die Spender ihre Effektivität einschätzen, doch ist nur sehr wenig darüber bekannt, welche Projektarten einzelne Personen als effektiver betrachten. Mithilfe von Kiva.org erfassten Daten erbringt der vorliegende Beitrag den Nachweis über die relative Beliebtheit konkurrierender Entwicklungsprojekte. Wir schätzen den Einfluss öffentlich sichtbarer Projektmerkmale auf die Geschwindigkeit bei der Mittelbeschaffung ein. In der Annahme, dass Kiva-Geldgeber von einer angestrebten Armutsverminderung motivert werden, gaben die Ergebnisse Aufschluss über die Wahrnehmung individueller Philantropisten hinsichtlich der Projekteffektivität. Diese Kenntnis kann den Praktizierenden helfen, Strategien zur Mittelbeschaffung effektiver zu gestalten, insbesondere für Projekte, die von sich aus schon weniger beliebt sind. Las microfinanzas de igual a igual (P2P) conecta a los ciudadanos filantrópicos con los emprendedores pobres en el mundo en vías de desarrollo, ofreciendo nuevas formas de canalizar las aportaciones caritativas. Aunque el material publicado sugiere que las percepciones de los donantes sobre la efectividad afectan a las donaciones caritativas, se sabe muy poco sobre qué tipo de proyectos perciben los individuos como más efectivos. Utilizando datos de Kiva.org., este documento presenta pruebas sobre la relativa popularidad de proyectos de desarrollo que compiten. Presentamos estimaciones del impacto de las características de los proyectos visibles públicamente sobre la velocidad de financiación. Asumiendo que los prestamistas de Kiva están motivados por aliviar la pobreza, los resultados esclarecen la percepción de los filántropos individuales sobre la efectividad de los proyectos. Conocer esto puede ayudar a los profesionales a diseñar estrategias de recaudación de fondos de manera más efectiva, especialmente para proyectos que son inherentemente menos populares. 在发达国家,点对点(P2P)小额贷款是连接善心人士和贫困企业主的桥梁,是传递慈善捐款的新方法。有资料表明,捐赠人如何看待善款的使用效果,会影响他们捐赠的积极性,但对于捐款人认为哪些项目更富成效,我们所知甚少。本文利用 Kive.org 的资料,提出了相互竞争的发展项目较受欢迎的证据。我们估计了公开可见项目的自身特点对筹款速度的影响。假设 Kiva 的放款人是为了扶助贫困,则扶贫结果可以解释慈善人士对项目成效的看法。了解这一点有助于从业者设计出效果更佳的筹款策略,尤其是那些天生就不太受欢迎的项目。ピアツーピア(P2P)マイクロファイナンスは、偽善的な貢献という新しい方法を提供して、慈善的な市民を開発途上国における貧しい企業家に結び付ける。文献では、援助資金供与者の有効的な認知が偽善活動の提供を決定づけるが、個人がどのようなプロジェクトを最も効果的であると認識しているかについてはほとんど知られていない。本論ではKiva.org(キヴァ)のデータを用いて、競合する開発計画に相対的に人気の高い論拠を提示する。資金調達の速度において公的に可視できるプロジェクトの特性が与える影響を予測して提示する。キヴァの金融業者が貧困救済に動機づけられていると仮定すると、結果として個々の慈善家がプロジェクトの有効性を認知していることが解明できる。これを知るとそれほど人気がないプロジェクトにおいても、実践者がより効果的に資金集めをする戦略策定に役立つといえる。 التمويل الأصغر النظير للنظير (P2P) يربط بين المواطنين المحسنين وأصحاب الأعمال الفقراء في العالم النامي، يقدم وسائل جديدة لتوجيه التبرعات الخيرية. على الرغم من أن الأدب يشير إلى أن تصورات المانحين يؤثر على فعالية العطاء الخيري، القليل جدا هو المعروف عن أنواع المشاريع التي يعتبرها الأفراد أكثر فعالية. بإستخدام بيانات من(Kiva.org)، فإن هذا البحث يقدم دليلاً على شعبية المشاريع الإنمائية المتنافسة. نقدم تقديرات لتأثير خصائص المشروع الظاهرةعلناً على سرعة التمويل.على إفتراض أن المقترضين من كيفا (Kiva) لهم دوافع التخفيف من حدة الفقر، النتائج تسلط الضوء على تصور الفرد المحسن لفعالية المشروع. معرفة هذا يمكن أن يساعد الممارسين أن يصمموا إستراتيجيات لجمع التبرعات على نحو أكثر فعالية، خصوصاً للمشاريع التي هي بطبيعتها أقل شعبية.

- by Pierre Ly and +1
- •
- Microfinance, Charitable giving, Kiva

This research examines the "age-donation" profile of gift-giving alumniai a large public university, based on a pooled micro-data random sample of 4,242 alumni (1926/27-1989/90 graduates) who gave cash gifts during the 1975/76-1989/90 fiscal years. The covariance regression model results indicate lack of statistically significant difference between gift-giving women and men. However, the School of Business graduates, alumni who proceeded to obtain graduate degrees from this university, and alumni members of non-Greek social organizations gave significantly more. Moreover, alumni contributions varied systematically over the business cycle and a 1962 Federal Court Order to desegregate the university racially reduced donationshut not significantly. Given the 63-year cycle studied, the growth rates of alumni donations of money are projected to decline after roughly age 52, which falls short of the typical retirement age.

- by Albert Okunade
- •
- Sociology, Charitable giving, Applied Economics, Social organization
- by Beth Breeze
- •
- Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Impact of recession
- by Danit Ein-Gar
- •
- Psychology, Online Communities, Virtual Communities, Charitable giving
- by Adam Sabra
- •
- Poverty, Mamluk Studies, Charitable giving, Medieval Cairo

Synopsis: Chris Willard and Jim Sheppard's book 'Contagious Generosity: Creating a culture of giving in your church' has the potential of being very influential. It deals with important themes such as 'generosity as the new evangelism', 'cultivating a culture of contagious generosity', 'generosity as fundamental to spiritual formation', and 'embracing the ministry of asking' from within a local church context. However the focus of the book is so much on financial generosity that a broader perspective on generosity as lifestyle is not totally taken into account. In the end the question can be asked whether this book is still an expression of materialism in American church culture. Author bio-data: Dr Sas Conradie is the coordinator of the Global Generosity Network, a joint initiative of the Lausanne Movement and World Evangelical Alliance to encourage stewardship, generous living and giving amongst Christians. A South African by birth, Sas had been living in the UK for the past 13 years where he had been involved in various ministries including the Church Mission Society (CMS). He is an ordained minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa and serves as minister with mission calling of the Pretoria Oosterlig congregation. Sas holds a DD from the University of Pretoria and had been working in the University of South Africa's Faculty of Theology for a number of years before moving to Ukraine where he and his family served as missionaries.

- by Josias Conradie
- •
- Charitable giving, Generosity, Stewardship

Attempts to understand the economic and psychological motivations for charitable giving date at least back to Adam Smith (1759). In his Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith attempts to explain why and how an individual or household will feel sympathy for other less welloff individuals or households. At the heart of Smith's analysis is the general proposition that sympathy (and presumably discernible actions based on that sympathy) is embodied in the ability of an individual to imagine, from his own perspective, the plight of the less well-off household. In this paper we posit a model of charitable giving that is predicated on this basic proposition that we believe lies at the center of explaining the pattern of charitable giving in the United States. In particular, we suggest that understanding the fundamental human and economic drivers of giving requires us to consider the nature and determinants of the ''warm glow" a household experiences when making charitable donations to other households. We borrow from cognitive psychologists' research into how people judge reward distributions and infer causality of such distributions to explain when households are more and less likely to experience this warm glow. Specifically, we explain how biased perceptions of effort and luck, as the causes of reward distributions, will systematically reduce warm glow of high-income households, which may help explain the essentially flat relationship between income and percentage donations to charity.

- by Catherine Tinsley
- •
- Economic Psychology, Charitable giving, Multidisciplinary, United States

Scholars and practitioners often consider the 'perfect gift' to understand the qualities of the most cherished gifts or to encourage givers to choose such gifts. Whilst useful, this represents a utopian view of gift-giving. This study explores the concept of 'best gift ever' through 35 in-depth interviews in order to understand the properties of significant gifts as defined by givers and receivers. Findings reveal that the 'best gifts ever' are often associated with unforgettable and life-changing experiences. These properties are compared with those of the 'perfect gift' to produce an integrative framework for truly special gifts. Specifically, this paper: 1) identifies the properties of 'best gifts ever' as distinct from 'perfect gifts'; 2) uncovers insights into the 'perfect gift' beyond the existing conceptualization; and, 3) integrates the 'best gift ever' and the 'perfect gift' into a unified framework capturing what makes a gift successful.

Anthropological analyses of charity are often based on Maussian theories of gift exchange and inequalities between donor and recipient, sometimes compounded by spectacular displays of giving or by aid, both humanitarian and faith-based, from the global north to the south. Other accounts complicate this understanding, variously showing the charitable gift as the recipient's right or considering charitable work as a technology of self care. The context and nature of the donation also affect both donor and recipient; money and blood have very different connotations and effects as charitable gifts. Ethnographies of charitable action suggest it is a total social fact, entangling economic, politics, religion and notions of relatedness. 108 words

THE PURPOSE OF OUR LIVES is to undergo a gradual transformation. We are born with a self-centered nature, but we can acquire a nature in which the focus is on the other. Through spiritual work, we can slowly learn to overcome our innate desire to find some form of self-gratification in all we do. Union with God is the result of desiring to give to others with no interest in reward of any kind. This is the essential teaching of the Kabbalah as portrayed in the essays by Baal Hasulam that are translated in this book. Rabbi Gottlieb’s commentary adds details on the winding road toward spiritual transformation.

- by Aryeh Siegel
- •
- Charitable giving, Judaism, Lurianic Kabbalah

This article studies the effectiveness of Flemish celebrities as endorsers in non-profit campaigns. Six existing Flemish campaigns were selected and tested on the public in three regards: the recognition of the campaign, the ability to name the organisation behind it and the intention to support the organisation. Recognising specific differences between the campaigns, results show that celebrity endorsed campaigns seem to reach a wider, younger target audience, while non-celebrity based campaigns target a rather ‘classic’ donor audience.

- by Koen Panis and +3
- •
- Nonprofit Studies, Celebrity Culture, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Charitable giving
- by Beth Breeze
- •
- Charitable giving, Philanthropy
- by Margrit Talpalaru
- •
- Cultural Studies, Globalization, Social Entrepreneurship, Creativity

In Pakistan, one of the most significant celebrations on the Muslim calendar, Eid al-Azha (Feast of the Sacrifice), is marked by two major rituals. At the center of the festival is the animal slaughter remembering the prophet Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son. The second, dating to Pakistan’s earliest days as a nation, is the collection of animal hides from the sacrifice. NGOs, political parties, and madrasas annually compete to collect and auction the sacrificial skins. This paper examines how Alkhidmat Foundation–the social welfare branch of the Islamist party Jama’at-e-Islami–invests in a risky fundraising ritual that animates the value of sacrifice in their humanitarian work. While historically the auction of animal hides has been lucrative, over the last decade, the income has come under threat due to the rise of synthetic leathers on the global market, inflation, and climate change, which have left Pakistan’s leather commodity in peril and, with it, the fate of a major source of income for the country’s social services. Pakistan’s skins collection offers insight into a fundraising practice that instantiates sacrifice writ large: of time, safety, and resources, and sometimes, of intimate relations. Sacrifice is the motivating value that underpins dedication to the annual hide collection and articulates Alkhidmat’s humanitarianism through the human capability of sacrifice.

This report was produced as part of the dissemination of my PhD research. It may be circulated freely, with due acknowledgement of authorship.

The most effective charities are hundreds of times more effective than typical charities, yet few donors prioritize effectiveness. Why is that? How might we increase the effectiveness of charitable giving? We review the motivational and epistemic causes of (in)effective giving. Many donors view charitable giving as a matter of personal preference, which favors decisions based on emotional appeal rather than effectiveness. In addition, while many donors are motivated to give effectively, they often have misconceptions and cognitive biases that reduce effective giving. Nearly all research on charitable giving interventions focuses on increasing donation amounts. However, to increase societal benefit, donation effectiveness is likely to be more important. This underscores the need for research on strategies to encourage effective giving.

- by Stefan Schubert and +1
- •
- Psychology, Moral Psychology, Charitable giving, Prosocial Behavior

This research examines the influence of nonprofit brand image and typicality on giving behaviors. To this end, the researchers create a scale to measure the brand image of charities. Four dimensions of nonprofit brands emerge in the new scale: usefulness, efficiency, affect and dynamism. Brand image explains up to 31% of intentions to give money and 24% of intentions to give time. The study also explores the role of typicality in giving behaviors. Typicality explains up to 29% of intentions to give money and 23% of intentions to give time. The theoretical contributions, in addition to the comprehensive scale, include the significant role that brand image and typicality play in affecting donation behaviors. The paper concludes with managerial implications and limitations of the study.

- by Sophie Rieunier
- •
- Business, Brand Image, Charitable giving, Multidisciplinary

In his 1971 paper "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" Peter Singer argues that if we can prevent some moral evil without sacrificing anything of ‘comparable moral importance’ we should do it, no matter the material cost. But is this view reasonable to hold? This paper argues that rather than supplying us with a practical ethical principle, Singer’s rejection of the existing moral code supplies us instead with a moral ideal, too exalted and demanding to be attainable.

- by Laurent Bélanger
- •
- Philosophy, Foreign Aid, Utilitarianism, Charitable giving

We present an overview of the academic literature on philanthropy, divided in two parts: 1. Who gives how much; 2. Why people give. In part 1 we survey the literature on characteristics of individuals and households that are related to giving. In part 2, we identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive giving: (1) awareness of need; (2) solicitation; (3) costs and benefits; (4) altruism; (5) reputation; (6) psychological benefits; values; (8) efficacy. We evaluate the progress in the almost 500 studies we reviewed and suggest directions for future research on philanthropy. (2006b) found that empathy and verbal proficiency affects giving partly through church attendance.

- by Pamala Wiepking
- •
- Theory, Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Literature Review

- by Pamala Wiepking
- •
- Marketing, Sociology, Social Psychology, Economics

This paper expands on recent debates over the merits of online crowdfunding platforms (CFPs) by looking at the extent to which these sorts of funding sites have the potential to contribute to the development of civic society ideals in Europe. In particular, it looks at how online CFPs and other peer-to-peer lending sites are beginning to alter the way in which charities and non-governmental organisations finance their activities. In addition, it also discusses how these sorts of investment platforms have the capacity to affect the way in which individual actors engage with one another at both the local and transnational level. Overall, then, what this paper shows is that, aside from their evident financial and economic benefits, CFPs also have the capacity to help foster and strengthen non-parliamentary democratic structures and practices. As such, they should be supported and encouraged as part of a framework of further European democratisation and civic integration.

- by Matthew Hollow
- •
- Finance, Social Movements, Psychology, European Studies

The question of why people are motivated to act altruistically has been an important one for centuries across various disciplines. Drawing on previous research on moral regulation, we propose a framework suggesting that moral (or immoral) behavior can result from an internal balancing of moral self-worth and the cost inherent in altruistic behavior. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to write a self-relevant story containing a set of either positive or negative traits. Participants who were asked to write a story with positive traits donated one fifth as much as those who wrote a story with negative traits. In Experiment 2, we showed that this effect was due specifically to a change in the self-concept. In Experiment 3, we replicated and extended these findings to cooperative behavior in environmental decision-making. We suggest that affirming a moral identity leads people to feel licensed to act immorally. However, when moral identity is threatened, moral behavior is a means to regain some lost self-worth.

- by Sonya Sachdeva
- •
- Moral Psychology, Conservation, Charitable giving, Self-regulation

A long time economic and social objectives have been seen as competing, but academic researchers underline that this two directions may converge in certain situations. Companies belong to communities where they develop their activities. When the social goals of the communities are related to the main objectives of the company, sustaining a social cause could produce economic benefits, in this case corporate philanthropy and shareholders interest take the same direction. Cause-related marketing is a marketing concept that gained more interest in the last three decades and exemplifies how social and economic objectives are achieved in a strategic manner in promoting campaigns. Researches in business and non-profit organizations reveal that cause-related marketing campaigns sustain the growth of market share and sales, and help at improving brands image. More and more companies and non-profit organizations find cause-related marketing as a strategic tool suitable for building long term relations to the customers, for increasing brand awareness, for gaining a social responsible corporative image, for supporting local community or for producing transformation in sustaining causes at global or international level. The study analyses the definitions of cause-related marketing the presence and evolution of the concept in the academic literature, and marketing terms that are connected more often to this concept. Comparative to non-profit marketing concept, cause-related marketing gained a larger interest in literature. On the other side, corporate philanthropy is still a concept that gains more interest than cause-related marketing in academic literature, being a more commune way used by companies in collaboration to non-profit organizations. Tided to cause-related marketing concept literature review reveals concepts as: consumer behaviour, brand image and corporate social responsibility being more often analysed. The salience of the consumer perspective, in academic research underlines the strategic and tactic role of cause-related marketing that has to be considered in building relations to the customers for companies.

- by Nemteanu M . Sefora
- •
- Marketing, Cause Related Marketing, Charitable giving, Volunteerism
- by Timothy Sliedrecht
- •
- Christianity, Theology, Corporate Social Responsibility, Biblical Studies

CSR in Afghanistan is still in stage two of its evolution, where corporations consider their social engagement as a form of charity and channel the same through their charitable givings by business owners. There are no laws, rules or... more

This research paper was presented at the 6th international conference on the Military Orders at Palmela, Portugal, in 2010. I suggested a paper on the topic of Charity and Hospitality in the Military Orders, not because I myself am an expert on it, but because this is an area on which at the time of the conference much more research needed to be done. I was then in the process of putting together material on this subject from the Britain and Ireland, but as the sources are very scattered this research was and is by no means complete. Unlike the orders’ military activity, which was reported by chronicles and histories, and their acquisitions of lands, recorded in charters, and their work for kings and princes, recorded in government records, the sources of information on charity and hospitality are scattered and variable. Although when I initially suggested this subject to the conference organisers I had hoped to talk about several of the military religious orders, in order to fit into the 20-minute time slot at the conference I had to cut back my original intentions. In this paper I concentrated on the material from Britain relating to the Hospitallers and the Templars, as that was the area of my current research; and much of my analysis focuses on the problems of finding reliable evidence on the topic.
The paper was published in the proceedings of the conference in 2012.

- by Helen Nicholson
- •
- Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Charitable giving, Knights Templar

Money can be a hot topic in Christian churches and the Namibian church is no exception to that. While many traditional mainline denominations struggle to raise the funds they need for their various ministries, prosperity type churches and Pentecostal church bodies seem to flourish financially in Namibia. Some people are quick to point out that the main reason for this phenomenon lies in the churches’ differing attitude towards the concept of tithing. While tithing plays a central role in Pentecostal and prosperity churches, most Protestant denominations rely on other ways of funding. In his paper, Thorsten Prill gives a critical overview of the various methods Namibian churches use to raise funds. These methods include collections, membership fees, fundraising events, commercial activities and investment trusts as well as encouraging members to give a tenth of the income to the church. In a second paper, Johann van Wyk examines the concept of tithing from a biblical perspective. He demonstrates that New Testament teachings do not support the claim that Christians are obliged to tithe. There are, however, a number of helpful biblical principles of giving which Namibian churches should apply. Most importantly, van Wyk argues, that giving in Namibian churches needs to become a matter of the heart; giving must be driven by love and grace.

- by Thorsten Prill
- •
- Christianity, Practical theology, Biblical Studies, Charitable giving

- by Pamala Wiepking
- •
- Theory, Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Literature Review

This paper analyzes the theory and practice of charity and social action of “beguines” and Castilian “beatas”. In order to illustrate the first point, we study a fundamental part of the spiritual theology of the beguine Hadewijch of Antwerp (13th century), because in her work she explained the mystical foundations of active lifestyle. The second arises as case study, the “beatas” of the city of Córdoba (15th century), with the review of their social action content.
En este trabajo se analizan la teoría y la práctica de la caridad y la acción social de beguinas y beatas. Para ilustrar la primera, se estudia una parte fundamental de la teología espiritual de la beguina Hadewijch de Amberes (siglo XIII), que en su obra expuso el fundamento místico de la forma de vida activa. En la segunda parte se plantea un estudio de caso, las beatas de la ciudad de Córdoba (siglo XV), en el que se revisan las características de su acción social contextualizada.

Crowdfunding is a novel mechanism for raising and giving to charitable causes, which has been rapidly growing in popularity. The study explores how this technology democratises the Voluntary and Community Sector by enabling the participation of the smallest agents of social change. In particular, the study is focused on how student-run social enterprises can solve their funding needs through the application of a dedicated crowdfunding platform. The study also explores the viability of such platform as a commercial prospect. The research has been conducted by interviewing three different sets of participants. Firstly, the representatives of Midlands-based student-run social enterprises have been assessed for a need in additional funding and their willingness to use a specialised crowdfunding platform to meet those needs. Secondly, previous crowdfunding donors have been interviewed to determine their preferences on the optimal platform configuration model to induce their giving. Lastly, experienced crowdfunding fundraisers have been assessed for a most favourable platform monetisation design to maximise their spending. As suggested by the literature, the research has confirmed a presence of a demand, although smaller than initially anticipated, for additional funding among student-run social enterprises. Inclusively, social enterprise representatives have indicated a degree of interest in using crowdfunding to meet this demand. Based on the second set of interviews, the study has identified the importance of peer-to-peer solicitation via existing social media websites on donors’ involvement. In addition, a donation-based reward structure with an option to opt out has been identified as an optimal platform model configuration. Based on the third set of respondents, the study has indicated a higher degree of application for a brokerage fee commercialisation pattern. To help fundraisers capitalise on the cash-in-hand donation segment, an integration of an online fundraising merchandise shop has been also proposed. The study has revealed that insufficient financing can impede on the social value generation capacity of small and micro student-run social enterprises. Crowdfunding technology, on the other hand, can help alleviate this problem by drawing on the collective power of social networks for additional capital. Whilst commercial application of this technology in a form of a digital platform has shown to be feasible, its financial viability remains uncertain and requires further investigation.

- by Andrej Naricyn
- •
- Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, Charitable giving, Philanthropy

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and... more

- by Stacey Finkelstein and +1
- •
- Expertise, Motivation (Psychology), Behavioral Decision Making, Consumer Behavior

La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

- by Sylvain Lefèvre
- •
- Charitable giving, Volunteerism, France, United States

My study focuses on rabbinic opinions that contest how the poor man's tithe should be administered. These divergent positions offer a window on the tensions between the biblical aim to prevent the creation of dependencies by granting the indigent equal access to the poor man's tithe and the social tendency that characterized the early centuries of the Common Era to reserve this gift for relatives and friends or to leverage it to establish patronage. I demonstrate that the halakhic debates on this tithe expose a dynamic process through which the poor man's tithe was modified, and ultimately transformed, to meet Greco-Roman norms of reciprocal relationships.

- by Yael Wilfand
- •
- Charitable giving, Rabbinic Literature, Charity, Tithing

Recent scholarship has shown how investigations into food and poverty contribute to our understanding of late-antique Judaism and Christianity. These areas of inquiry overlap in the study of charity, as providing food was the preeminent way to support the poor. What foods and foodways do the earliest texts of rabbinic Judaism prescribe for the poor? This article examines Tannaitic discussions of the foods that should be given as charity, reading these texts within their literary and historical contexts. I find that they prescribe a two-tiered system whereby foods for the week aim to meet the poor’s biological needs, while those for the Sabbath fulfill religious requirements. These rabbinic instructions, however, also reinforce social separation and deepen the poor’s sense of exclusion. This article contributes to scholarship on poverty and charity in late antiquity, the use of food in the construction of rabbinic identity, and the tensions that arise from establishing material requirements for religious observances.

- by Gregg E . Gardner
- •
- History, Economic History, Jewish Law, Jewish Studies
- by Beth Breeze
- •
- Charitable giving

The paper seeks to identify the relationship between the charitable contributions, performance, and market value of Romanian listed companies. To achieve the objective, a panel data analysis was conducted on a group of companies listed at Bucharest Stock Exchange in the period 2011 to 2016, which registered profit for the entire period. The empirical analysis points out, using a logistic regression, which financial and non-financial indicators contribute to the decisions of the companies to make the charitable contributions. It also tests the impact of those indicators and corporate giving activities like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on company value, represented by Tobin's Q Ratio and on company performance, expressed by Return on Equity (ROE). The results show that there is a positive correlation between the charitable contributions, performance, and market value of the Romanian listed companies.

- by Camelia Hategan and +1
- •
- Statistics, Charitable giving, Sustainability Reporting, Profitability

Tax deductibility has been recognized as a motive for charitable donations. The current paper considers charitable donations as purchases made by consumers and examines the effects of changes in the tax deductibility (i.e., the price of donating) on charitable donations. The meta-analysis includes almost four decades of estimates of the price elasticity of charitable giving. Implications for policymakers and the marketers of charities are discussed

- by Piers Steel
- •
- Taxation, Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review, Charitable giving

Scholarly research about philanthropy has de-emphasized informal giving to friends, neighbors and others in need. Yet, informal giving is a critical element of philanthropy, particularly in settings with less well-developed civil society institutions. This paper examines informal giving in Turkey, based on two surveys of Turkish citizens conducted in 2004 and 2015. The surveys find much higher levels of informal giving than formal giving, though the level of informal giving decreased between 2004 and 2015. Donors directed their giving more to family member and others in need than to neighbors. In contrast to studies from most other countries, Turks overwhelmingly prefer giving to individuals rather than institutions. Determinants of informal giving, however, are largely consistent with other research on the motivations for giving.

- by ALI Çarkoğlu
- •
- Social Capital, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Charitable giving, Philanthropy