Civil-military relations Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Journal of Religion & Health

In this qualitative study, we explored the religious and spiritual beliefs of women in the National Guard, the role of religion in their lives, and the effect of deployment and reintegration on women's belief systems. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 39 women service members who had been deployed. Results of the content analysis revealed five themes: (1) Religious Identity/Belief in God, (2) Religion/Spirituality has a Positive Impact, (3) Religious Activities, (4) Religiosity and Deployment, and (5) Religiosity/Spiritual Experiences Change over Time. Implications for future research and the incorporation of faith-based practices with women service members who may seek mental health treatment are discussed.

2025, "Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea", nº 62, 2/2025

Nel febbraio 1963 va in onda sulla Rai, in piena campagna elettorale, un servizio dedicato alla ritirata di Russia durante la Seconda guerra mondiale. Alcuni reduci, tra i quali lo scrittore Mario Rigoni Stern, rievocano il tragico... more

2025, Coleção Meira Mattos

Resumo: O artigo reflete, a partir de uma revisão de literatura e análise documental, sobre as categorias coordenação e planejamento enquanto centrais nas relações interagências. Os resultados do estudo indicam ser a cooperação o nível mais básico nesse tipo de relação, dada sua informalidade e estar baseada em relacionamentos pessoais e pouco institucionalizados. Já a coordenação, seria o aprimoramento da cooperação por meio de arranjos elaborados, quando agências considerariam nos planejamentos os objetivos, visões, propósitos e estados finais desejados da outra agência. A segunda categoria foi trabalhada a partir de teóricos e profissionais do ambiente interagências, que ressaltaram a importância das relações se materializarem por meio de um processo de planejamento que produza um plano inteligível e que aumente as possibilidades de sucesso das operações. Concluímos que a relação interagências plena, efetivamente se concretiza quando ocorre através de um planejamento conjunto com participação de todas as agências envolvidas na solução ao problema.

2025, Journal of Engineering Research

Office Program) have been undergoing construction in order to achieve balanced national development, increase global competitiveness, and strengthen security in South Korea. The three megaprojects above share in common that they are governmentled, long-term, large-scale, complicated and complex projects involving a large number of stakeholders. Accordingly, the government needs a step-by-step approach for performance assessment that is free from a single project management method in order to successfully carry out megaprojects that require large budgets. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of the above three megaprojects are compared and analyzed to derive performance assessment from the program management point of view (interview with experts, etc.). This paper illustrates the importance for performance assessment by applying the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) technique which can obtain objective and systematic results for identifying common points and derived factors. The results of this study are expected to improve the efficient use of budget resources and increase public convenience when applied to megaprojects in Korea, such as the Gadeokdo New Airport and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Integrated New Airport, as well as the Saemangeum reclamation project which is currently in its early stages.

2025, Serbian Political Thought

The subject of this paper is the political penetration of the United States into Greece during the Cold War, with a particular emphasis on the role and position of the Greek military in this process. The aim of the study is to explore, describe, and explain the causes, modus operandi, and consequences of the manipulation of the political systems of smaller countries by great powers, particularly from the perspective of their subjugation, dependency, and incorporation into an international order based on the division of spheres of influence. The paper examines this phenomenon through a synthesis of theoretical concepts from international politics and civil-military relations as the most significant institutional component of defence policy and a crucial aspect of national security policy, utilising methods of qualitative analysis, triangulation, and process tracing through the case study methodology. The research findings indicate that the armed forces and the Central Intelligence Service of Greece, as targets of US political penetration, became key instruments for maintaining an undemocratic order through political interference and reduced combat readiness in favour of US foreign policy goals. The conclusions underline the importance of strengthening institutional capacities as essential conditions for defending national sovereignty and democracy.

2025

Artikel "Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa" menyajikan uraian historis yang cukup komprehensif tentang peran militer Indonesia sejak masa awal kemerdekaan hingga pasca-Reformasi. Asrudin Azwar dan Mirza Jaka Suryana dalam tulisannya mereka merangkai perjalanan sejarah Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), terutama ketika institusi ini menjalankan fungsi ganda atau dikenal dengan istilah dwifungsi, yang mencakup peran pertahanan-keamanan serta sosial-politik. Artikel dimulai dengan penelusuran akar historis peran militer yang melebar

2025, Fitri

Tugas kuliah me review

2025, История органов государственной безопасности России. Исторические чтения: «Гороховая, 2» — 2024. Санкт-Петербург, 18–19 апреля 2024 г. Выпуск XXII.

Малюченко Д. А. Военная угроза КВЖД в начале 1930-х гг. и специальные мероприятия флотских чекистов (на примере Балтийского флота) // История органов государственной безопасности России. Исторические чтения: «Гороховая, 2» — 2024.... more

2025, Исторические чтения на ул. Андропова, 5. История органов безопасности: Материалы VIII конференции, Петрозаводск, 15–17 сентября 2023 г.

С. С. Близниченко, Д. А. Малюченко. Следователь, комиссар, начальник академии - портрет военмора Д. С. Дуплицкого (1890-1938) // Исторические чтения на ул. Андропова, 5. История органов безопасности: Материалы VIII конференции,... more

2025, Деятельность отечественных спецслужб в эпоху социальных катаклизмов: материалы II Всерос. науч.-практ. конф. (Омск, 19–20 окт. 2022 г.)

Малюченко Д. А. Деятельность военной контрразведки на Ораниенбаумском плацдарме в начальный период Великой Отечественной войны // Деятельность отечественных спецслужб в эпоху социальных катаклизмов: материалы II Всерос. науч.-практ. конф.... more

2025, Георгиевские чтения. Сборник трудов по военной истории Отечества

Малюченко Д. А. Политические репрессии РККА в 1930-е гг. (краткий образ историографии) // Георгиевские чтения. Сборник трудов по военной истории Отечества / ред.-сост. К. А. Пахалюк. — Москва: Издательский дом «Российское... more

2025, Ноябрьские чтения-2021: Сборник статей по итогам XIII Всероссийской конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых. Санкт-Петербург, 19–21 ноября 2021 г.

Малюченко Д. А. Преобразования военной юстиции в первой половине 1930–х гг. (на примере военной прокуратуры Морсил Балтийского моря) // Ноябрьские чтения-2021: Сборник статей по итогам XIII Всероссийской конференции студентов, аспирантов... more

2025, Материалы VIII международной конференции «Военная история: люди, судьбы, конфликты»

Малюченко Д.А. Военный прокурор Морских Сил Балтморя Абрам Рафаилович Герштейн: штрихи к портрету // Материалы VIII международной конференции «Военная история: люди, судьбы, конфликты» / Под ред. Носова В. А., Пищулина С. А. – СПб.: ГБУ... more

2025, Zahwa

REVIEW ARTICLE TENTANG DWIFUNGSI TNI DARI MASA KE MASA
Karya Asrudin Azwar dan Mirza Jaka Suryana

2025, IDSS Paper

Indonesia's acquisition of the Bayraktar AKINCI drones is a reflection of the growing relations between Turkiye and Indonesia. Image from Wikimedia Commons.

2025

Artikel berjudul "Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa" yang ditulis oleh Asrudin Azwar dan Mirza Jaka Suryana merupakan kontribusi dalam mengkaji dinamika hubungan sipil-militer di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan penelusuran historis... more

2025

ARMY SERVICE.
WHAT IS BETTER, A MANDATORY, A CONTRACT OR A VOLUNTARY MILITARY SERVICE?

2025, Global Regional Review

During the first 15 years of twenty-first century, under the reflections of War on Terror the relations between United States of America (USA) and Pakistan turned from warm to the coldest and then to be very close allies. During the concerned period the USA increasingly let Pakistan have its assistance in military as well as civilian domains. Highlighting the losses incurred to the USA and Pakistan in the War on Terror, this paper shows up the concerns of the USA in Pakistan during this period that instigated the USA to assist Pakistan. Meanwhile the hurdles to USA in providing assistance are identified. This paper also undertakes a brief survey of the USAs military and civil assistance. The review leads to conclusion that the assistance declined in the later five years. The assistance was only given for the motives of the war on terror and not on humanitarian grounds.

2025, Bulletin of Latin American Research

The civil-military relations in Brazil have faced criticism due to weak political institutions and significant military autonomy, resulting in a regression of democratisation. This article posits that the shortcomings in Brazilian civil-military relations have historical roots, with military prerogatives established in the early twentieth century and largely unopposed since that time. The military's robust corporate identity and its pivotal role in public administration and policy have granted it significant bargaining power, enabling resistance to reforms and undermining civilian authority. This paper provides evidence indicating that elected Brazilian administrations since 1995, particularly during Silva (2003-2011, 2023-) and Rousseff (2011-2016) administration, have significantly militarised the defence decision-making process and increased the involvement of the armed forces in public security, infrastructure development and public administration.

2025, State Archives of Belgium - CegeSoma

On 25 June 1950, troops from communist North Korea invaded capitalist South Korea. The civil war on the Korean peninsula soon turned into an international military conflict, in which also Belgian soldiers took part. Meanwhile, we are 75 years on and this quickly “forgotten war” is in danger of fading even further from collective memory. On 19 September 2025, CegeSoma is therefore organizing a workshop on the Korean War. The focus will be on the sources for studying the Belgian dimensions of this conflict that ushered in the hottest years of the Cold War. We would like to welcome you to our conference room on that day.

2025, NEL WEST. ATTRAVERSO LE MONTAGNE ROCCIOSE, IL SUD-OVEST, I DESERTI DELLA CALIFORNIA MERIDIONALE. I ediz., Publisher: Amazon KDP

IN THE WEST. ACROSS THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, THE SOUTHWEST, THE DESERTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Denver, the capital of Colorado, "gateway" to the Far West

2025, CREGRISA

The unconstitutional phenomenon of the use of force to
seize power in Africa is resurgent. Consequently, crisis heavily linked to
political transitions are on the rise within the continent. Leaning on the
different variants of Neo-institutionalism and the Democratic Approach,
this paper, without ceding to the trap of an abusive generalization,
attempts to analyse the processes of the continuous use of force to gain
power within the African political landscape. The article pays particular
attention to the dynamics and the historical and socio-political processes
which tend to transform military coups to veritable institutions within the
African political scene. It argues that, far from being a spontaneous
generation, military coups have become a normal way of doing politics;
which overtime has acquired the appearance of an objective natural reality
due to their perpetuation, regularity, and acceptance by individuals and
other political actors. Since military coups are incompatible with
democracy, the perpetuation of the use of force as a means to ascend
power within the continent has significantly reshaped and constrained the
transition to and/ or the consolidation of democracy in Africa. Democracy
in Africa today is not dead but is in crisis. Ultimately, this article affirms
that since democracy is not a constant event but a variable complex and
continuous process, its inception and development in Africa should be
properly managed and nurtured by perpetually reinventing and adapting it
to changing political demands and rising standards of democratic conduct
within the continent.
Key words: Culture, Democracy, Institutions, Military Coup, Power.

2025, Rangga Hermawan

Если первоначальное знакомство с теориями современной войны дает нам карту новых полей сражений, то их углубленное изучение позволяет понять лежащие в основе тектонические сдвиги в самой природе конфликта. Современная войнаэто не просто набор новых тактик, а целостная философия, направленная на достижение политических целей в мире, где прямое военное столкновение великих держав стало слишком рискованным.

2025, Andre Gomes Luis

As Muralhas Fernandinas: Poder Real, Defesa Urbana e Identidade no Reinado de D. Fernando I

2025, Air Space Power Journal

Professional attainment, based upon prolonged study, and collective study at colleges, rank by rank and age by age-those are the title reeds of the commanders of future armies, and the secret of future victories.

2025, The Veteran Newspaper

An initial foray into the personality and early career of Lyndon Baines Johnson. First of a four part series.

2025, Fitri

Tugas kuliah artikel review

2025, Fitri

Review Artikel "Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa" karya Asrudin Azwar dan Mirza Jaka Suryana

2025

Este artigo traz a fala de duas professoras de Geografia que atuam numa escola militarizada de Boa Vista – RR, o Colegio Estadual Militarizado Maria dos Prazeres Mota. A escola passou a adotar o ensino basico militarizado (EBM) em 2017 e desde entao alimenta diversos debates sobre o exercicio da docencia, o cotidiano dos estudantes, entre outras questoes. Tendo em vista nossa presenca na escola atraves do PIBID-Geografia da UFRR, comecamos a acompanhar a questao e decidimos investigar o que pensam os/as professores/as de Geografia que estao nestas escolas. Neste trabalho, buscamos conhecer como se posicionam sobre a militarizacao das escolas, sobre a questao da violencia escolar, sobre o trabalho com os conteudos da Geografia e outros aspectos que podem revelar alguma singularidade da escola. Obtivemos as respostas atraves de entrevista semi-estruturada, acompanhada de nossas reflexoes sobre o advento da militarizacao das escolas em Roraima. Concluimos que a militarizacao nao veio a...

2025, Pramudita Cahya N

Tugas Kuliah

2025, Saliksik: A Multidisciplinary Research Journal

The Commission on Appointments (CA) plays a crucial role in ensuring that military appointments in the Philippines are based on merit and fitness rather than political considerations. This study examines CA deliberations from 1987 to 2022, analyzing how the commission has influenced military promotions and appointments. Despite the president's broad powers, the CA serves as a check on executive decisions, sometimes confirming, rejecting, or bypassing nominees. The research highlights recurring issues, including favoritism towards Philippine Military Academy graduates, regional disparities in appointments, and the increasing presence of former military officials in civilian government roles. It also explores how political dynamics, presidential preferences, and legislative oversight shape these appointments. By analyzing CA journals, this study sheds light on the evolving relationship between civilian authorities and the military, revealing the long-term implications of military influence in governance. The findings contribute to discussions on institutional accountability and civil-military relations in the Philippines.

2025, Third Generation in International Relations – Strategic Case Study Series, Volume 1

This paper provides a multidimensional analysis of the potential conflict between Iran and Israel, exploring not just military dynamics, but also ideological, psychological, and geopolitical consequences. It examines how a war between these two actors could trigger a global strategic shift—impacting energy flows, nuclear deterrence norms, and the internal stability of regional and global powers. The study identifies 17 strategic flashpoints, revealing that in a war of this scale, no side can claim victory. From Iran’s doctrine of strategic patience to Israel’s image fatigue, and from Gulf anxieties to the shadow play of Russia and China, this paper argues that the real cost of war will be paid by civilians, regional order, and the moral fabric of international law.

2025, Zeitschrift für romanische Philologlie

2025, A Bachelor's essay

This thesis explores the complex and often misunderstood reality of life in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), offering a multifaceted analysis of its history, society, and culture. Beginning with a historical overview of the Korean Peninsula and the formation of the North Korean state under the rule of Kim Il-sung, the paper traces the ideological development of the regime, particularly through the propagation of Juche and the establishment of a dynastic dictatorship.
The study delves into the structure of North Korean society, examining aspects such as education, daily life, and the enduring influence of Confucian traditions. A significant part of the analysis focuses on the pervasive role of state propaganda and the cult of personality surrounding the Kim dynasty, revealing how these elements shape citizens’ identities and perceptions from early childhood.
Drawing on academic literature, documentary sources, and testimonies of defectors, the author challenges the stereotypical media portrayal of North Korea. The work highlights the discrepancy between state-controlled appearances and the hidden socio-economic challenges, such as poverty, famine, and repression, that define everyday life for most citizens.
Ultimately, the thesis argues that understanding North Korea requires both cultural sensitivity and critical distance, as the country presents a unique and extreme case of totalitarian control, ideological indoctrination, and isolationism in the modern world.

2025, Gender Aesthetics and Representation in Politics: The Case of Female Politicians in Pakistan

The these on Gender Aesthetics and Representation in Politics: The Case of Female Politicians in Pakistan focuses on the relationship that exists between gender aesthetics and political representation of two female politicians, that are Benazir Bhutto and Maryam Nawaz. Qualitative content analysis was carried out of popular newspaper articles in Pakistan and few international pieces with the assistance of the Max QDA software. Codes and categories concerning both female politicians were created with the assistance of two prominent theories which were intersectionality and media representation theory, further consisting of agenda-setting and framing theories. The process further led to an effective comparative analysis to be carried out between both politicians, that highlighted the similarities and differences that occurred while being represented in the media and the impact it had on their public image. The qualitative content analysis helped highlight media bias and stereotypes that exist in a developing country such as Pakistan, a country where most regulations are rooted from Islamic principles, culture and traditions. The research at the end provides insightful information on the practical and theoretical implications of it, where advocacy groups play a vital role in encouraging gender equality. It also highlights the gaps in literature and polices that can improve media representation in the media as well as other platforms.

2025

There is not one explanation for the source of revolutions that took place in late 2010 early 2011 in Arab World. Liberalists argue combination of growing inequality produced revolutionary aspiration. Marxists believe that location of Arab states in the capitalist world system produced the revolt. Some scholars believe these revolts to be a reaction to the rapid growth of social media in the region leading to collective action. Others ascribe them to the emergence of a civil. There are still some other authors who explain these revolutions by reference youth unemployment which fueled uprisings. The research, however, was not questioning why revolutions in Arab countries did happen. What was being investigated, rather, is why they ended up differently in different Arab countries. That is, how dictatorship in some of the Arab countries could be overthrown and give a rise to democracy, e.g. Tunisia, whilst it failed to do so in some other Arab countries leading to civil wars (Syria), military splits, or even humanitarian intervention (Libya). This research advanced four hypotheses derived from different theories. Hypothesis one, which was based on the Third Wave of Immanuel Huntington and Stepan's operationalization, argued that democracy in Arab Spring was more likely to consolidate in states that had experienced three consecutive years of democratic level equal or greater than +4. The second hypotheses derived from Lipset's modernization theory and Przeworski's operationalization, argued that it was economic growth that determined outcomes of the Arab Spring leading to democracy in some countries and to the civil war in some others. The third hypothesis was based on Moore's argument of "no bourgeoisieno democracy" and argued that the larger the number of labor force participants in industry sector, the greater probability of democracy to be achieved. Finally, the fourth hypothesis of this research argued that democracy in Arab Spring was more likely to be achieved in countries where the military had less v incentives to stay loyal to the regime. In order to test these hypotheses, the research applied comparative case studies method and contrasted relevant indicators in the countries in question in the ear of 2011. Additionally, the research questions whether there is correlation between democracy level in Arab World and GDP per capita, Military expenditure, and the number of employment level in industry sector in general. For testing this hypothesis, we applied regression analysis taking the figures in a time range from 1960 to 2016. Due to the lack of data for independent variable in the case of Libya, and lack of variation in dependent variable in this country, we excluded Libya from regression analysis, applying only three of initial cases. The research found out whilst military expenditure and GDP per capita were significant in determination of democracy level in Arab countries throughout the history (since 1960), only military choice affected by rational and moral incentives was significant in determination of the outcome of Arab Spring. Despite the limitations of the research, the findings of it are very interesting, since they reveal that, although there were two crucial variables affecting democracy throughout the history, only one of them remained crucial in 2011.

2025, Global Voices

This article explores how Libya’s turbulent modern history — from colonial occupation to dictatorship, revolution, and ongoing foreign interventions — continues to shape the country’s political instability today. Drawing from historical... more

2025, Analisi Difesa

Il disegno di legge (Ddl) contenente “Disposizioni in materia di sicurezza delle attività subacquee” ha iniziato il suo iter parlamentare con una serie di audizioni tenutesi presso la 8^ Commissione del Senato.
Tra esse spicca, per spunti critici, quella del Comandante generale del Corpo delle Capitanerie di porto– Guardia Costiera, resa quale organo alle dirette dipendenze del Ministero dei trasporti e delle infrastrutture.
La posizione del Corpo, espressa con dovizia di riferimenti normativi, è che il provvedimento non tenga adeguatamente conto delle competenze in materia subacquea già attribuitegli dalla legislazione vigente come «riferimento dello Stato nel settore marittimo civile».
Quello che emerge in controluce è una forma di contrapposizione e sovrapposizione di ruoli tra GC e MM in materia di maritime security che ha carattere generale e che quindi trova conferma anche riguardo alle funzioni di difesa militare assegnate alla MM dal nuovo provvedimento

2025

Resumo: O artigo analisa, em um primeiro momento, os conceitos de amanualidade, trabalho e
técnica conforme formulados pela filosofia de Álvaro Vieira Pinto, destacando a relação entre
técnica ‒ compreendida como essencialmente inovação ‒ e desenvolvimento. Em seguida,
discute-se filosoficamente a exportação de matérias-primas como forma de exportação de
trabalho, revelando um dos mecanismos de sustentação do subdesenvolvimento. Os
argumentos mostram que Vieira Pinto aborda a técnica sob uma perspectiva política e
geopolítica. Por fim, é examinada a hipótese de que as nações metropolitanas empregam
métodos para o congelamento do poder mundial e a manutenção do subdesenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: Álvaro Vieira Pinto; técnica; geopolítica do subdesenvolvimento.

2025, Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship

India relies heavily on imports to meet its defence equipment needs. Despite launching several initiatives for indigenization and self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta), India continues to head the list of the top defence importers in the world. Many innovative initiatives were taken in the recent past to boost the defence manufacturing ecosystem. The defence acquisition procedures have been revised to meet the goal of indigenization. Negative import lists have been promulgated while joint ventures with foreign manufacturers are encouraged. Still, the achievement of self-reliance in defence capabilities seems elusive. A literature review was carried out to understand relationships between various factors impacting the achievement of self-reliance in defence capability. The literature review findings highlighted major factors that impact the achievement of self-reliance in defence capabilities, such as the defence budget, military capability structure, defence technology, and procurement policies. Based on the inputs from the literature review, a qualitative study was undertaken to get further clarity on the subject. The qualitative study sought inputs from experts from the armed forces, industry and think tanks. The aspects that emerged during the qualitative research reinforced and gave new insights into factors such as the strategy to meet security threats, the defence budget allocation trends, challenges in developing critical defence technologies, the need for a vibrant defence manufacturing ecosystem, and efficient procurement procedures. Based on the findings of the qualitative study, a revised conceptual model for the achievement of defence self-reliance in defence capability has been presented.

2025

Resumo: O artigo analisa, em um primeiro momento, os conceitos de amanualidade, trabalho e técnica conforme formulados pela filosofia de Álvaro Vieira Pinto, destacando a relação entre técnica -compreendida como essencialmente inovação -e desenvolvimento. Em seguida, discute-se filosoficamente a exportação de matérias-primas como forma de exportação de trabalho, revelando um dos mecanismos de sustentação do subdesenvolvimento. Os argumentos mostram que Vieira Pinto aborda a técnica sob uma perspectiva política e geopolítica. Por fim, é examinada a hipótese de que as nações metropolitanas empregam métodos para o congelamento do poder mundial e a manutenção do subdesenvolvimento.

2025, Perm University Bulletin. Political Science

The author focuses on the diversity of actors in the politics of memory, which are not limited to political leaders and state institutions, but also include various communities of people who consider it important to preserve memory, support it with references to documentary sources and thereby contribute to historical truth. The author does this through a review of two books about the war based on documentary sources – “The Contribution of the Uzbek People to the Victory in World War II” and “An Ordinary Division of the Great War. The 385th Rifle Krichevskaya. 1941–1945”. A collection of archival documents published in Uzbekistan and a scientific and documentary publication of the history of the “ordinary division” prepared in Russia by a community of “grand-brothers-in-arms” are intended to restore data on the war and demonstrate the significance of its memory in modern society.

2025

Berdasarkan pada pertimbangan adanya kebutuhan hukum
untuk memberi perlindungan terhadap kerahasiaan negara dari
ancaman kebocoran serta memberikan batasan yang tegas dan terang
antara kepentingan negara atas informasi pertahanan dan kemanan
negara dan pelaksanaan hak kebebasan berkomunikasi dan
memperoleh informasi bagi setiap orang, maka disusunlah Naskah
Akademik sebagai dasar penyusunan Rancangan Undang-Undang
tentang Rahasia Negara.

2025

المواطنة والديموقراطية عمليتين مرتبطتان عضوياً، يشكلان مسارا عمل يبنيان بالدرجة الأولى في ضمير الشعوب عبر ممارسة تراكمية تفضي لشكل وتفاصيل الحكم، وتشكل هذه الممارسة تعبيراً عن الإرادة الحرة لمجموع المواطنين والمواطنات، وأي إيقاف قسري لتراكم التجربة يشكل أهم تحدي في إطار بناء مسار المواطنة والديموقراطية، كما هو حاصل في سوريا.
استند هذا البحث إلى فرضية أن المواطنة ليست أحادية الجانب أو مستقلة بذاتها، إنما هي مسار عمل متكامل، متعدد الجوانب، كما أستند إلى اعتبار المواطنة تستند بالضرورة إلى مسالة الحقوق المتساوية، ومن جهة ثانية باعتبارها شرط ضروري للديموقراطية وبالتالي الانتخابات.
في هذا الإطار انقسمت الورقة البحثية إلى قسمين الأولى تستعرض تاريخ الانتخابات والمواطنة في سوريا بدءا من تشكيل الدولة الوطنية، وصولا إلى صعود قوى سيطرة على مناطق مختلفة في سوريا. والثاني فتح نقاش عام لاستنادات ومبادئ العملية الانتخابية في سوريا في مرحلة ما بعد النزاع، وتفاصيل القانون الانتخابي في إطار صيانة المواطنة المتساوية لجميع السوريين.