Clean energy technologies Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Open Journal of Energy Efficiency

A great challenge in water electrolysis is how to optimize the major factors that influence the production of hydrogen gas. Over the past years, different methods have been used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon-base fossil fuels but these methods have been proven to be environmentally unfriendly due to the enormous release of greenhouse gases associated with their use. In this work, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electrolyte strength, voltage and time on the volume of HHO gas produced using a design built HHO gas generator. The generator was constructed from Stainless Steel 316 L plates made of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes, and 20 neutral plates. During the study, the strengths of KOH, NaOH, and NaHCO 3 was prepared within the range of 0.010 M -0.030 M. The prepared strengths for each catalyst were then varied across voltage range of 9 V to 13 V for 50 seconds. The experimental results obtained showed that, increasing electrolyte strength, voltage and time proportionally increased the yield of HHO gas. An optimal yield rate of 2.27 cm 3 /s of HHO gas was obtained when the generator was run at 13 V using 0.025 M KOH. In addition, other factors studied including electrode surface morphology, plate's configuration, and temperature also showed improvement in yield of HHO gas by 41.85%, 69.74%, and 71.96% respectively.

2025, SN Applied Sciences

Aluminum production generates enormous spent pot lining (SPL) waste of around one million tons yearly, and these wastes are usually disposed in landfills. Hence, the technical feasibility of SPL gasification using both equilibrium and reactive high-fidelity modeling was evaluated in this study. Three SPL with different washing treatment, i.e., water (WWSPL), acid treated (ATSPL), and full treated (FTSPL, a combination of both water and acid washing) were used for the modeling. The equilibrium model considered twelve species, while the high-fidelity simulation was modeled with multiple species. Moreover, the high fidelity model is governed by the steady non-isothermal Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the discrete phase in Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. The process metrics were assessed via the produced syngas fraction (CO/H2) and gasification efficiency (GE). The equilibrium analysis of WWSPL, ATSPL, FTSPL, respectively, resulted in GE of 40, 65, and 75%. The corresponding syngas mol...

2025, Optimization of HHO Gas Production in Alkaline Dry-Type HHO Kit Using Various Electrode and Electrolyte Configurations

This research investigates the optimization of a dry-type alkaline HHO kit for efficient oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas production, targeting applications in small (two-wheel vehicle) internal combustion engines (ICE). Key experimental parameters were evaluated to enhance gas production and system efficiency, including voltage, electrode configuration, electrolyte type, and concentration. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was identified as a more effective electrolyte than potassium hydroxide (KOH) due to its lower electronegativity, which contributes to accelerating HHO gas production. The highest overall efficiency, 24.6%, was achieved with a 0.1M NaOH solution using stainless steel (SS) as the anode and Titanium (Ti) as the cathode, and SS paired with graphite scored 23.1%. Voltage levels positively influenced gas production, although higher potential resulted in electrode surface oxidation and decreased efficiency. The optimum voltage range of 4.5V to 5.2V for SS with graphite and 4.2V to 5.2V for SS with Ti configurations were provided. The study concludes that the SS-Ti and SS-Graphite configurations are optimal options for HHO gas production, minimizing heat generation and energy consumption while enhancing gas output. These findings suggest significant potential for improving fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in two-wheel vehicle four-stroke gasoline engines (100cc to 150cc).

2025, Journal of Clean Energy Technologie

This paper proposes a distributed energy management approach that aims to manage residential energy. The proposed approach considers the neighborhood energy surpluses in order to decrease energy costs. This management is improved based on a set of trust factors that a buyer defines on his neighbors to avoid non-optimal energy purchases. To evaluate the performance of this approach and to study its impact on the neighborhood, we elaborated a formal model representing the overall behavior of the system using colored Petri nets (CP-nets). The choice of CP-nets is justified by the fact that, in our approach, we have to deal with a variety of protocols and several operations that are executing simultaneously, and potentially interacting with each other. This formalism allowed us to formally verify the proposed approach as well as to generate a set of performance indicators. The obtained indicators prove the effectiveness of our solution compared to other approaches.

2025, International journal of computer theory and engineering

Business decision-making is not a simple task. There are many reasons for that but the main reason is data comes from heterogeneous operational sources of an organization. Therefore, it is difficult to organize and maintain especially if a huge volume of data is involved. A data warehouse is helpful in this regard as it can assists in business decision-making. Data collection and loading it into a data warehouse is difficult job because data sources are not in consistent form. This job usually consists of three main processes that involve extraction, transformation and loading. To extract the data from different sources, then transform it into a unified format and consequently load it into the warehouse, ETL (Extract, transform and load) tools are required. Nowadays, the majority of ETL tools organize workflow. An ETL workflow can be considered as a group of ETL jobs with dependencies between them. In this research paper a revised ETL workflow management framework which is based upon different considerations is proposed. These considerations along with the addition of the components in the workflow scheduling layer would help in making more effective and quality business decisions.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

2025, Elsevier B.V

This study explores the effect of variations in blade angle (α) and length at a fixed radius (r) on the aerodynamic performance of Archimedes Spiral Wind Turbines (ASWT), with the aim of enhancing their adaptability and efficiency in variable urban wind conditions. To identify the most effective blade design approach, two parametric methodologies were evaluated within the same dimensional range to maximize the power coefficient (C P), where (i) an unconstrained parametric study (FM), in which both blade angle and blade length (L) were allowed to vary simultaneously without geometric constraints, and (ii) a geometrically constrained parametric study (SM), in which blade length (L) was held constant while blade angle was adjusted. The results revealed that the SM approach outperformed the FM approach, with a 6.7 % increase in C P over the reference model (0.22), demonstrating higher aerodynamic efficiency, greater flexibility in blade angle and length adjustment, and deeper insights into the effects of geometric parameters. Based on this methodology, 36 ASWT blade models were designed using SolidWorks 2020 and analyzed using 3D simulations conducted in ANSYS CFX-2020 R2. The power coefficient (C P), relative to the tip speed ratio (TSR), was employed as the performance metric to assess the performance of each model. The analysis identified SM-23 as the most efficient model, with an L of 140 mm and a blade angle of 80 0. At a wind speed of 10 m/s, this model achieved a maximum C P of 0.265, representing a 14.67 % improvement over the reference model. These findings highlight the potential of refined ASWT blade designs to enhance performance and support sustainable urban wind energy solutions. Nomenclature

2025

Solar power uses cells to convert sunlight into electricity. Pros: Unlimited supply of sunlight and no pollution. Cons: It relies on sunlight, so it doesn't generate electricity at night or when overcast. It is more expensive than other sources. It takes a large geographical footprint to generate a significant amount of energy. Panels can cause glare. -Abundant resource, available globally. -No direct emissions of greenhouse gases during operation. -Modular and scalable, suitable for various applications and scales. -Decreasing costs due to technological advancements and economies of scale. -Intermittent nature requires energy storage or backup systems. -Efficiency is dependent on weather conditions and geographical location. -Requires a significant amount of land for large-scale installations. -Production and disposal of solar panels involve environmental considerations. Solar energy refers to the energy derived from the sun's radiation. It is a renewable and sustainable source of power that can be harnessed using various technologies, primarily photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar thermal systems.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Expert systems have been used in various fields of life like diagnosis and troubleshooting of devices and systems of all kinds, configuration of manufactured objects from subassemblies, planning and scheduling, financial decision making, knowledge publishing, process monitoring and control, design and manufacturing, agriculture, medicine, etc. Similarly these systems are also being used in field of training and education, and consultation because of its structured way of deriving knowledge and its explanation facility. This paper presents development of a web-based expert system as a Spiritual Guru or Guru of Life Ethics. This expert system is to cater those people who ask questions about the life and the world. It answers the questions as a spiritual guru, as a philosopher in addition to a scientist. Since the difference between in being a real scientist and being a real spiritual person is only that the scientist doesn't believe in the existence of soul and the spiritual person knows the soul or in the way of knowing it. The knowledge base of the proposed expert system will contain questions and their answers with reasoning. Inference engine will be a mechanism that will fetch keywords from working memory and match it with the questions stored in the knowledge base to answer the questions asked by the user. This paper presents how an expert system can be developed as Spiritual Guru to serve mankind, system development life cycle of expert system, general work-flow of Spiritual Guru, and designing of database.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

To implement the photometric stereo technique, the radiance distribution of the respective light sources from the different illumination directions must be accurately known. Most previous work has tended to assume distance point sources, so that a collimated and uniform illumination distribution can be approximated, thereby allowing the photometric stereo problem to be easily solved in a linear way. However, there can be significant practical difficulties in realizing such idealized light sources in real world applications. In addition, the strategy of using distant light sources produces a low signal/noise ratio for the system, and is also unsuitable for applications where setup space is limited. These problems potentially limit new opportunities for the wider applications of photometric stereo beyond the research laboratory in evolving areas such as industrial inspection, security and medical applications. This paper proposes a compensation method for illumination radiance to allow the possibility of employing normal low-cost commercial light sources. A flat diffuse surface with either homogeneous or heterogeneous albedo distribution is used to sample the radiance distribution before implementing photometric stereo. The unevenly distributed light radiance is eliminated by using the acquired reference information. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

This paper presents a new strategy to counter camouflage by capturing (one more) additional images of same scene. The strategy is based on a technique we call 'two-light photometric stereo', which can remove disruptive reflectance from luminance images to generate synthetically shaded images related only to surface shape information. It becomes easier to perceive concealed information from virtually shaded images free from the effects of a confusing reflectance texture. Various rendered images, corresponding to different synthetic illumination configurations are generated to offer an improved visualization, countering the effects of camouflage. Experiments results are presented using scenes possessing different conventionally 'difficult' back and foreground camouflage. The results verify that the proposed low-cost and robust technique may be used for perception research, security and military applications. Future work will extend the method to more challenging objects in outdoor environments.

2025, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies

Africa, with its highly growing population, is in need for environmentally-friendly solutions to meet its food and energy needs. Solar-operated irrigation systems can be used in Egypt where there is no source of electricity and limited access to water. The aim of this paper is to present energy and cost analysis for a simulation of a solar-powered pumping system in Egypt using HOMER software. Experimental work is also carried out, in the GUC campus, for a solar-powered irrigation system which conserves water and energy through the use of soil moisture sensor to regulate the pump flow. The excess energy from the PV is used to power electric loads. Results of the simulation show that the maximum energy generation and consumption occur during the summer season. The annual net energy purchased from the grid is 408 kWh after applying the net metering system. The inverter has the highest initial capital and replacement costs. For the experiments, the irradiance values range from 270 W/m2 to 1450 W/m2 and the panel's temperature from 15 °C to 60 °C. The power output from the PV panel ranges from 3W to 30W depending on the solar irradiance and ambient temperature. The proposed water pumping system proved to be feasible and successful in conserving water and energy in Egypt.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Large amount of information available in distributed databases needs to be exploited by organizations in order to be competitive in the market. In order to exploit this information, queries are posed thereupon. These queries require efficient processing, which mandates devising of optimal query processing strategies that generate efficient query processing plans for a given distributed query. The number of possible query processing plans grows rapidly with increase in the number of sites used, and relations accessed, by the query. There is a need to generate efficient query processing plans from among all possible query plans. The proposed approach attempts to generate such query processing plans using genetic algorithm. The approach generates query plans based on the closeness of data required to answer the user query. The query plans having the required data residing in fewer sites, are considered more efficient, and are thus preferred, over query plans having data spread across a large number of sites. The query plans so generated involve minimum number of sites for answering the user query leading to efficient query processing. Further, experimental results show that the GA based approach converges quickly towards the optimal query processing plans for an observed crossover and mutation rate.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Clinical database contains huge amount of information about patients, medical tests and doctor's prescription. As the result of laboratory test, findings of physical examination and diagnosis are noted during time points or periods, by adding time dimension in clinical database we can retrieve vital information from the database. This paper presents the study of diabetes mellitus type 1 patients on the basis of time series based representation of clinical temporal data.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

This project presents the cascode and cascaded techniques LNA at 5.8GHz using T-matching network applicable for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) application. The amplifier uses FHX76LP Low Noise SuperHEMT FET. The LNA designed used T-matching network consisting of lump element reactive element at the input and the output terminal. The cascode and cascaded low noise amplifier (LNA) produced gain of 52.4dB and noise figure (NF) at 1.3dB. The input reflection (S 11 ) and output return loss (S 22 ) are -19.71dB and -10.07dB respectively. The bandwidth of the amplifier is more than 1.24GHz. The input sensitivity is compliant with the IEEE 802.16 standards.

2025, Enerji Günlüğü

Amerika, Çin ve AB gibi büyük güçlerin kömür sayesinde geliştiklerini ve bugünkü güçlerine kömür sayesinde ulaştıklarını anlatan basit ama etkili genel bir köşe yazısı hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır.

2025, Cleaner Energy Systems

Sri Lanka as a country has tremendous potential for harnessing energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydro. However, as of 2018, only 39 % of Sri Lanka's energy generation capacity was harnessed through renewable energy sources. The continuous increase in electrical energy demand and the drastic increase in vehicle population over the past few years have resulted in much of its annual income being spent on purchasing fossil fuels from foreign countries. This has placed the country's future at risk due to the predicted shortage of fossil fuel reserves and in release of an unexpected level of harmful emissions to the environment. In the meantime, Sri Lanka also has an ambitious plan of achieving Net Zero by 2050. The study conducted a systematic review followed by a time series analysis to first identify the present state of the renewable energy progress of the country and through the time series analysis recognize any discrepancies in these efforts. The initial findings revealed the lack of coordination amongst relevant institutions and contrasting government policies such as the increase in investment for non-renewable energy resources as well as backing away from providing initial investment needed to boost the usage of renewable sources for businesses and smaller entities. The study further identified sectors such as transportation and non-renewable power generation activities as the two main barriers deterring the country from having a feasible plan for its efforts for net zero by 2050. From a non-governmental perspective, the study also recognized the knowledge gap and lack of awareness in the wider population of the long-term benefits of switching to renewable sources.

2025

The research paper presents theoretic analysis and simulation results of biogas specific heat capacity and density dependence on biogas content and temperature. The research results indicate that methane content has inverse impact on density – the density decreases by 16..19 % when the methane concentration increases from 50 % to 75 %. Specific heat capacity of biogas increases, when the methane concentration increases – by 17 % when the methane concentration increases from 50 % to 75 %. When biogas is being upgraded using a passive drier – a heat exchanger, and water vapor is removed, both the density and specific heat capacity decrease. The knowledge gathered is important for designers calculating biogas heat exchangers and passive driers.

2025, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies

The organic solar cells have narrower absorption spectrum than inorganic ones, making the task of widening such narrow absorption spectrum of the organic solar cell extremely important for increasing the efficiency of organic solar cells. There has been studies on creating a tandem structure with donor materials with complementary absorption spectrums to maximize the absorption spectrum, but this method results in a complex manufacturing process, because tandem solar cells (whether serialized or parallelized) required intermediate layers. One of the proposed solutions is manufacturing solar cells with heterojunction structure, called a ternary solar cell. In this study, a simple heterojunction ternary solar cell was made using P3HT and PTB7 (two polymer materials with stepped energy levels) as donor materials, and PC61BM (a fullerene conductor) as a common acceptor. P3HT and PTB7 each have an absorption peak of 550nm and 650nm, capable of absorbing both relatively short and long wavelengths of light. Therefore, this structure increased the absorption spectrum and the photo current compared to when only one material was used. The P3HT:PC61BM solar cell had JSC of 8.473mA/cm2, PCE of 2.97%, and the PTB7:PC61BM solar cell had JSC of 10.96mA/cm2, PCE of 3.77%, but the P3HT:PTB7:PC61BM ternary structure had JSC of 11.949mA/cm2, PCE of 4.02%. Also, the current-voltage characteristics of the P3HT:PTB7:PC61BM ternary solar cell was measured under annealing temperatures from 80°C to 140°C to find the optimal annealing temperature for the ternary solar cell. The optimal annealing temperature was found to be 90°C, which is closer to the 80°C of PTB7 (which is weaker to heat), which confirmed that if two materials with different heat stability were used in a ternary structure, the one with the lower annealing temperature restricted the total efficiency.

2025

Gasification is a thermochemical pathways used to convert carbonaceous feedstock into syngas (CO and H2) in deprived oxygen environment. The process can accommodate conventional feedstock such as coal as well as discarded waste including plastics, rubber, and even MSW due to the high reactor temperature of 1000 to 1600oC. Pyrolysis is another conversion pathway yet it is more selective to the carbonaceous feedstock as it proceeds at relatively low process temperature (350 to 550oC). Discarded tires can be subjected to pyrolysis however the yield involves the formation of intermediates radicals, remaining in additional to unconverted char. Also due to continuous Random Fission/Radical Recombination, β-Scission/Radical Addition, Depropagation/Propagation, Hydrogen Abstraction devlatilization and recombination, pyrolysis fails to follow equilibrium and very complex to model. Gasification, however, due to their higher temperature and shorter residence time is more opted to follow quasi-...

2025, ACEP & Oxfam

Ghana struggles with the interconnected challenges of energy security, affordability, and sustainability, globally referred to as the energy trilemma. High electricity costs, mainly due to emergency procurement measures and unfavourable currency exchange rates, create affordability issues. Furthermore, reliance on traditional energy sources hampers sustainability efforts and hinders commitments to decarbonization, meeting climate goals, and ensuring the sustainability of its energy provision. As Ghana grapples with rising energy demands, environmental commitments, and affordability
concerns, solar PV presents an increasingly viable option to diversify its energy mix. This research examines the use of Solar PV technologies and addresses the energy trilemma, specifically in rural areas. It does this by presenting these technologies as a triple-win approach facilitated through the concept of Climate Compatible Development (CCD). The CCD framework employs a triple-win strategy designed to lower emissions (mitigation), build resilience (adaptation), and promote other socioeconomic development objectives (employment, investments). Applying this framework to the energy sector (specifically power generation), a CCD ‘triple win’ ensures low-carbon, climate-resilient development. This approach can be realised
through clean, efficient, and reliable energy sources, which promote livelihood diversification, provide critical infrastructure, and strengthen local institutions. We draw data from energy reports, policy analyses, and pilot projects highlighting how solar PV can alleviate grid dependency, reduce fuel imports, and support climate targets to achieve these research goals.

2025, Instal No 5/2025

Istniejące przepisy prawa [4,5,6] wymagają, aby w projekcie budowlanym obiektu budowlanego została zawarta
analiza możliwości racjonalnego wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii i ciepła. Prawo budowlane [6] i Rozporządzenie
w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać budynki [4] nie zawierają sformułowania
tego obowiązku w odniesieniu do inwestora budynku, tylko do autora projektu. Jest to kuriozalne, albowiem
decyzja o zastosowaniu odnawialnych źródeł ciepła ma, oprócz aspektu ekologicznego, aspekt finansowy. Podobnie
jak w przypadku kolektorów słonecznych [1,2] działanie central z pompami ciepła może być obarczone błędami
wynikającymi ze specyfiki ich działania i schematów niedostosowanych do warunków funkcjonowania pomp ciepła,
najczęściej „przeniesionych” z układów kotłowni. W artykule wskazano na typowe błędy w schematach ideowych
central z pompami ciepła, powodujące obniżenie efektywności działania i zwiększenie kosztu ogrzewania
budynków i przygotowania ciepłej wody.

2025, SIPACO

The Solarium project introduces an integrated, fossil-free solar energy ecosystem that leverages a sevenphase architecture to convert solar energy into electricity, hydrogen, thermal energy, and stored power. Utilizing concentrated solar power (CSP), high-temperature thermal storage, solid oxide electrolysis, magnesium-air batteries, and solar desalination, the system offers a modular and closed-loop approach to sustainable energy. With a target solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of up to 70%, Solarium aims to provide a scalable platform for industrial decarbonization, energy sovereignty, and clean hydrogen generation.

2025, Dakota Ridge Capital

Dakota Ridge Capital, founded by Neil Winward in 2023, is a financial advisory firm based in New York specializing in clean energy investments and tax credit optimization. With over $3 billion in tax savings facilitated, the firm empowers... more

2025

This paper presents a comprehensive and forward-looking analysis of the global energy transition as the world exits 2025, with a strong focus on India's evolving leadership in clean energy. By examining technological innovations, policy directions, and regional dynamics, particularly within Asia, it provides a data-driven forecast for the next decade. The study reveals India's dual trajectory of expanding renewables and fossil capacity, underscoring strategic opportunities and tensions. The research integrates recent statistics, national targets, and geopolitical context to outline how India could emerge as a green energy superpower by 2035. Methodology This paper employs a qualitative and data-integrative methodology based on secondary research. Sources include official reports from Indian government agencies (MNRE, CEA), global institutions such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), World Bank, BloombergNEF, and peer-reviewed articles. Statistical targets, investment trends, and national energy policies were analyzed to derive projections and regional comparisons. Emphasis is placed on triangulating multiple reputable data sources to construct a regionally grounded yet globally relevant vision. The forecast incorporates scenario analysis methods based on India's stated energy goals, historical deployment trends, and emerging clean technologies.

2025, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews

The increasing digitization of energy systems and the advent of decentralized energy markets have introduced significant challenges in ensuring secure, efficient, and scalable data exchange, particularly within cloud-based infrastructures. This research explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance the security and performance of data exchange mechanisms in decentralized energy markets operating on the cloud. By leveraging advanced AI-driven anomaly detection, federated learning frameworks, and blockchain-based trust protocols, this study aims to mitigate threats related to data breaches, unauthorized access, and information asymmetry among market participants. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of machine learning algorithms tailored for secure data transmission, real-time threat detection, and adaptive encryption strategies, with a focus on preserving data integrity, confidentiality, and system resilience. Case studies and simulation results underscore the applicability of proposed solutions in real-world distributed energy environments. This work contributes to advancing secure, intelligent, and sustainable data exchange architectures for future energy systems.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). VANETs provide a variety of interesting applications. Many of these applications rely on broadcasting of messages to other vehicles. The simplest broadcasting algorithm is flooding. Because of a large number of vehicles during peak hour, blindly flooding may lead to packet collision and high contention named broadcast storm problem. This paper presents a broadcasting approach for safety messages that dynamically adjust waiting time of a vehicle according to the number of neighbor vehicles and distance to source. We evaluate the performance of our proposed approach in terms of reachability, reliability. The simulation results show our protocol introduces better performance than flooding and random waiting time protocol.

2025

Speaking Notes for Session on Learning from the Development Experience of the Peoples Republic of China, Center of International Cooperation Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

2025, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

This study investigated the potential of an alternative fuel mixture comprised of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Corn Oil to convert hazardous waste into a renewable energy source. Converting WCO into renewable energy had the potential to enhance energy security and reduce dependence on increasingly expensive hydrocarbon fuels, which were rising in price. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effects of blending WCO biodiesel with corn oil on engine performance and emissions. The research methodology included two primary components: the transesterification process for biodiesel production and experimental test of biodiesel in diesel engines to evaluate performance and emissions. Data collected during engine operation, such as wattage, RPM, electric current, voltage, time duration, and fuel consumption, were used to calculate torque, specific fuel consumption, and engine thermal efficiency. Additionally, emissions tests were carried out, with a focus on variations in biodiesel samples. The research findings revealed that biodiesel samples containing 50% WCO (B50) exhibited significantly improved specific fuel consumption (SFC) at 678.1 g/kWh, compared to pure diesel (B0) at 852.4 g/kWh, resulting in a saving of 175.3 g/kWh. Furthermore, B50 demonstrated a higher torque output, measuring 3.69 N.m, compared to 3.35 N.m for B0, indicating a 0.34 N.m increase in torque for B50. Moreover, B50 achieved a thermal efficiency 22% higher than that of B0, reaching 22% compared to 20%. In terms of exhaust emissions, B50 displayed a significantly lower concentration (N) of 50.5% compared to B0, which recorded an (N) Value of 98.3%. this research provides valuable insights into the utilization of WCO waste for biodiesel production, offering an environmentally friendly alternative that matches or even surpasses the performance of traditional hydrocarbon fuels. It underscores the potential of WCO and corn oil blends as a sustainable energy source, with notable benefits in efficiency and emissions reduction.

2025, Proceedings of the World Congress on …

This article is aimed at the process of re-engineering the architecture of a long established information system and the problems associated with adopting new techniques used as a foundation for the new architecture. The article starts with a brief description of the management system Proman W, which has architecture that needs to be redesigned in order to fit the current needs of customers. Following this we introduce the requirements of the new architecture and describe the decisions behind their implementation. Next we provide insight on how the processes of adopting modern techniques were handled in the re-engineering of the information system Proman W. Finally the opportunities for further modifications within the system's architecture are initiated. The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of the new technologies' implementation process in the Proman W system's architecture and to point out aspects that we found important to note whilst re-engineering the long running applications.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

Traditional lens design is a numerical and forward process based on ray tracing and aberration theory. This method has limitations because the initial configuration of the lens has to be specified and the aberrations of the lenses have to be considered. This letter is an initial attempt to investigate an analytic and inverse lens design method, called Lagrange, to overcome these barriers. Lagrange method tries to build differential equations in term of the system parameters and the system output and input (object and image). The generalized Snell's law in three-dimensional space and the normal of a surface in fundamental differential geometry are applied. Based on the Lagrange method, equations for a single surface system are derived, which can perfectly image a point object. .

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Wireless sensor networks sense and monitor real-time events. They supervise a geographic area where a phenomenon is to be monitored. The data in sensor networks have different levels of priority and hence their criticality differs. In order to keep up the real time commitment, the applications need higher transmission rates and reliability in information delivery. In this work we propose a multipath routing algorithm which enables the reliable delivery of data. By controlling the scheduling rate, it is possible to prevent congestion and packet loss in the network. The algorithm provides an efficient way to prevent the packet loss at each node. This results in congestion management in the sensor networks. This protocol prevents packet clustering and provides smoothness to the traffic. Through monitoring and controlling the scheduling rate the flow control and congestion control are managed.

2025, CONFLUENCE JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS VOL.3 NO 1, 2025

Unraveling the energy availability that has either contributed to urbanization or to the establishment of a sustainable city is an academic task that requires detailed research. Thus, it is useful to note that development and urbanization are two aspects that demonstrate how individuals interact with their immediate surroundings in which energy is a key factor in-between the two. Underpinning rational choice theory in a conceptual study, it provides answers to the factors responsible for the city's rapid urbanization and development, the energy crisis affecting the metropolis and the solutions, ways to provide energy for sustainable development of the urbanization process of the country's capital. The study found one of the biggest obstacles to the spread of urbanization and sustainable development in Abuja metropolis to include the irregular power supply that arises from the country's over-reliance on hydroelectric power and thermal power from gas-fired facilities.Because urban areas are growing due to economic development and industrialization, which is attracting more people to live in the cities than ever before, the demand for energy in Abuja buildings and the transportation sector will rise as urbanization is predicted to continue. It is clear that Nigeria has a wealth of renewable energy resources at its disposal to address its unstable electrical power supply, but not much has been done. In different regions of the nation, maps showing the proportion of energy needed resulting from urbanization that can be produced from renewable energy sources including hydropower, solar, wind, and biomass are presented for easier comprehension and visualization.

2025, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies

One of the most important methods of saving energy in a building is by carefully designing its facade. A 'double skin facade' is optimally one of the best options in managing the interaction between the outdoors and the internal spaces. It also provides some architectural flexibility to the design. Double skin faç ade (DSF) building is one of the available energy conservation opportunities through recent intelligent buildings. The need to energy conservation and sustainable development in buildings is causing a new interest towards passive solar systems. This paper will survey the various types of double skin facades systems, exploring their features and functioning followed by a review of examples; both constructed and proposed, from different buildings. The paper will then assess and analyze recent research and examples to attempt to reach a conclusion as to whether with a double skin faç ade, minimizing energy consumption within building. Finally, double skin facade (DSF) has been proven to be highly useful and significant in current building developments. The only downside of double skin facade is that it is said to be more expensive than the traditional single glass facade. However, it is widely agreed by many experts that double skin facade (DSF) is more cost-effective in the long run. This is because it is long lasting and more durable as compared to the single glass facade Index Terms-Double skin faç ade, energy saving, ventilated faç ade.

2025, Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management

Since energy is essential for both socioeconomic growth and the eradication of poverty, obtaining clean and contemporary energy services is a major challenge facing the African continent especially Nigeria. Currently, between 65% and 75% of Nigerians lack access to electricity. Unless the government diversifies energy sources in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors and implements new technologies to cut down on energy waste and save money, Nigeria's current Original Research Article

2025, European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Global warming, the increase in the temperature of the earth's neonsurface air, is the greatest challenge the world is confronting with and world grave concern for earth's all living creations. Every nation, including large & small, wealthy & poor, developed & developing, is under the impact of the ravage. Since 2009 global average surface temperature has been increasing by 0.6°C every year and the acceleration is even being faster gradually. It has been indicated that by the end of 21th century world's average surface temperature will increase by 2.4-6.4°C, might exceed the earth's ability to adapt. The potential consequences of global warming will be devastative, such as rising sea level, increased occurrence of severe weather events, changing pattern of diseases, more frequent of wildfire & drought, severe food & water shortage and lose of tropical forests and many species. The effect of global warming is already in earth and having significant & costly consequences on our climate, our health and our environment. Acceleration of earth atmosphere's greenhouse gas (GHG) which includes CH4, CO2, CO, N2O emitted through fossil fuel combustion and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill are responsible for this. On the other hand, there are huge shortage of energy in developing countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan where energy shortage is hindering the financial growth, investment opportunities and employment creation and increasing social depression, poverty & illiteracy rate. In addition, 1.3 billion of the world population that is about 20% of the total population still out of the electricity supply facilities and an overwhelming of 2.5 billion people that is around 43% of the total population still rely on biomass as their every day's cooking fuel, causing household air pollution, many diseases, massive escalation of deforestation & global climate changes. Changing pattern of energy, for example, carbon neutral or carbon negative, easy accessible & cheap sources of energy only can confront the challenges the world is facing today with global warming, global climate changes and rapidly growing energy demand. Waste to energy (WTE) as a green & cheap source of energy could be a viable alternative.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Clustering technique is critically important step in data mining process. It is a multivariate procedure quite suitable for segmentation applications in the market forecasting and planning research. This research paper is a comprehensive report of k-means clustering technique and SPSS Tool to develop a real time and online system for a particular super market to predict sales in various annual seasonal cycles. The model developed was an intelligent tool which received inputs directly from sales data records and automatically updated segmentation statistics at the end of day's business. The model was successfully implemented and tested over a period of three months. A total of n = 2138, customer, were tested for observations which were then divided into k = 4 similar groups. The classification was based on nearest mean. An ANOVA analysis was also carried out to test the stability of the clusters. The actual day to day sales statistics were compared with predicted statistics by the model. Results were quite encouraging and had shown high accuracy.

2025

This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna added with parasitic elements and slot. The U slot applied on trapezoidal patch to investigate the effects of slot geometrical altering to the notch and operation... more

2025

Bu çalışma kapsamında, Trakya Bölgesi'nde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen çeltik bitkisinin hasattan sonra tarlada kalan saplarının gazlaştırılarak enerji içeriklerinin değerlendirilmesi için laboratuvar tipi bir gazlaştırıcı tasarlanmış ve imalatı yapılmıştır. Bölgeden toplanan çeltik sapları %100 sap ve %15 oranında kömür tozu ile karıştırılmış şekilde peletlenmiş ve peletlerin analizleri yapılmıştır. Gerek hammadde ve gerekse pelet örnekleri için gazlaştırma denemeleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen gaz örneklerinin içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Gazlaştırma denemeleri sonucunda, kömür katkısının çeltik sapı peletleri için sentez gaz ısıl değerini arttırdığı (3,686 MJ/Nm 3 değerinden 3,71 MJ/Nm 3 değerine) ancak özgül gazlaşma hızının da artmasıyla beraber verime etkisinin olumsuz olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (katkısız peletlerde maksimum %61,9, kömür katkılı peletlerde en fazla %57,41). Çeltik sapı peletlerinin içerdiği yüksek silisyum sebebiyle 800C ve yukarı sıcaklık değerlerinde camla...

2025

Le livre révèle la vision radicale de Viktor Schauberger sur l’eau et l’énergie, fondée sur l’observation des forces naturelles. Il affirme que l’eau est un organisme vivant qui se dynamise par des mouvements en spirale et en vortex.... more

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are national asset to the strait states (Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore). Strategically, economically and environmentally significant, the strait states must be proactive in protecting and preserving the Straits. In June 2005, e-navigation system, known as Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) has been started to be implemented in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Its main purpose is to reduce the number of accidents of ships and to promote marine environmental protection along the waterway. The purpose of this paper is to assess the implementation and challenges of MEH. The finding reveals that combining MEH and traditional navigation aids is the best approach to reduce accidents and marine pollution in the Straits.

2025, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies

Renewable energies represent a foundation to steer the energy system in the direction of sustainability and supply security in Ghana. The country has a huge undeveloped potential in the field of renewable energy. While Ghana has committed itself to universal electricity access by 2020, the real challenge is the capacity to meet this goal and, most important, to ensure that supply is reliable and adequate. This paper outlines the state of current electricity demand, supply gap and CVVV V the major impediments to resolve the supply bottlenecks to meet demand. The paper again discusses current Renewable energy situation of Ghana and sustainable development strategy by the Year 2020. The current status and future prospects of Renewable Energy in Ghana are also addressed in the paper. Conclusion was drawn on the role of the Government and private investors on the Renewable Energy development in the Country.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering

Davis in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) distinguished the importance of subjective norms. However, Davis observed the difficulty to distinguish between the users own attitude and the referents on one's intent by others. This has formed a need for further research to investigate the phenomenon of subjective norms and to identify the key antecedents that determine subjective norms. As m-commerce gains popularity, further examination of how subjective norms affect individual attitude might help contribute to the greater usage. This paper, therefore, contributes in decomposing subjective norms (SN) into four norms: personal injunctive norm (PIN), personal descriptive norm (PDN), societal injunctive norm (SIN) and societal descriptive norm (SDN). The aim of this paper is to decompose SN and to distinct the antecedents of SN. The initial results of 412 university students in Jordan indicate that personal injunctive norm, personal descriptive norm and the societal injunctive norm are indeed antecedents of SN.

2025

Boston Consulting Group partners with leaders in business and society to tackle their most important challenges and capture their greatest opportunities. BCG was the pioneer in business strategy when it was founded in 1963. Today, we help clients with total transformation-inspiring complex change, enabling organizations to grow, building competitive advantage, and driving bottom-line impact. To succeed, organizations must blend digital and human capabilities. Our diverse, global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives to spark change. BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting along with technology and design, corporate and digital ventures-and business purpose. We work in a uniquely collaborative model across the firm and throughout all levels of the client organization, generating results that allow our clients to thrive. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the development of India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society, through advisory and consultative processes. CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization, playing a proactive role in India's development process. Founded in 1895, India's premier business association has around 9000 members, from the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 300,000 enterprises from around 276 national and regional sectoral industry bodies. CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with thought leaders, and enhancing efficiency, competitiveness and business opportunities for industry through a range of specialized services and strategic global linkages. It also provides a platform for consensus-building and networking on key issues. Extending its agenda beyond business, CII assists industry to identify and execute corporate citizenship programmes. Partnerships with civil society organizations carry forward corporate initiatives for integrated and inclusive development across diverse domains including affirmative action, healthcare, education, livelihood, diversity management, skill development, empowerment of women, and water, to name a few. India is now set to become a US$ 5 trillion economy in the next five years and Indian industry will remain the principal growth engine for achieving this target. With the theme for 2019-20 as 'Competitiveness of India Inc-India@75: Forging Ahead', CII will focus on five priority areas which would enable the country to stay on a solid growth track. These are-employment generation, rural-urban connect, energy security, environmental sustainability and governance.

2025, Journal of Software

Mobile game is one type of game that runs on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs. In previous research, we have proposed quality model for mobile game which is a quality model that was built to measure quality from mobile games. This model was built from quality requirements that were analyzed for mobile games. Educational mobile game is education game genre with mobile based that aimed to learning, then the quality requirements maybe will different compared to other games. This research was conducted by analyzing the mobile game's quality requirements that specific for educational games genre in order to generate new quality requirements that are specific to the mobile educational game. The case studies that become an evaluation of current research are the tourism of Riau province, Indonesia. So the mobile educational game that will design later is a mobile educational game that contains about tourism in Riau province. To get a list of criteria for this case, then we conducted a survey of several users, and also formed a group discussion forum along with a tourism ambassador of Riau province, so that the quality requirements will be more reliable. So the proposed quality requirements may become a reference to build a game product that has a good quality based on the user's perspective.

2025, International journal of computer theory and engineering

The conventional stress wave signal interpretation in heat exchanger tube inspection is human dependent. The difficulties associated with accurate defect interpretations are skills and experiences of the inspector. Hence, in present study, alternative pattern recognition approach was proposed to interpret the presence of defect in carbon steel heat exchanger tubes SA179. Several high frequency stress wave signals propagated in the tubes due to impact are captured using Acoustic Emission method. In particular, one reference tube and two defective tubes were adopted. The signals were then clustered using the feature extraction algorithms. This paper tested two feature extraction algorithms namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Auto-Regressive (AR). The pattern recognition results showed that the AR algorithm is more effective in defect identification. Good comparisons with the commonly global statistical analysis demonstrate the effective application of the present approach for defect detection.

2025, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering