Cold War and Culture Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Para una Semiótica de la Independencia

Eso que conocemos como "Independencia de México", y con ella las luchas emancipadoras de toda Nuestra América, constituye un campo semiótico de resonancias aún insuficientemente asumidas. En cada proclama, en cada grito de insurrección, en cada signo que circula entre los pueblos insurgentes y en cada símbolo que anima hoy las batallas, encontramos el laboratorio de significados en el que se forjó un lenguaje emancipador que aún reclama ser estudiado y enraizado con la profundidad crítica de una filosofía de la semiosis comprometida con la liberación. Porque la Independencia no es sólo un acontecimiento militar ni una sucesión de decretos políticos, es también una batalla en el orden de los signos y de la comunicación, un desmontaje de las cadenas simbólicas con las que el colonialismo pretendió sujetar las conciencias. Fue y es la irrupción de un nuevo sentido histórico, forjado en la praxis de los pueblos que luchan para sacudirse el imperio español (todos los imperios) y contra todas las formas de dominación de las élites criollas dispuestas a sustituir a los viejos amos por nuevas jerarquías oligárquicas. El imperio del engaño. Siempre la independencia económica fue pensada como el cimiento de toda emancipación verdadera, pero nunca se trató sólo de números o de mercados, implica también romper con la lógica de la dependencia, con esa estructura de pensamiento que justifica la sumisión al imperio bajo la idea de inferioridad cultural originaria de los pueblos latinoamericanos. La economía colonial no sólo sigue extrayendo minerales y excedentes agrícolas, también impone un patrón mental en el que la riqueza debe tributarse religiosamente a los centros metropolitanos. Sigue inconcluso el objetivo de romper el monopolio comercial imperial y expropiar los tributos que vacían nuestras arcas. Sigue abierta también la tarea de impulsar un pensamiento capaz de producir sus propias categorías, sus propios lenguajes de interpretación del mundo. Entender la Independencia en clave semiótica significa actualizar las disputas de los pueblos contra los relatos de la dominación colonial y el desarrollo de los lenguajes de la revolución popular. El virreinato había instituido un régimen de signos que naturalizaba la desigualdad, los títulos nobiliarios, los escudos, las procesiones religiosas, la iconografía oficial, las cátedras eclesiásticas, los protocolos militares y jurídicos, los rituales de obediencia al rey y a Dios. Todo era un aparato semiótico destinado a codificar la sumisión y el tributo. Frente a ello, las comunidades indígenas, campesinas, afrodescendientes y mestizas no dejaron de tejer y revolucionar su propio universo de significaciones: herencias transformadoras, arte irreverente y colectivas, gestos insumisos, símbolos de dignidad, prácticas rebeldes contra el control colonial, metáforas que transmitían la memoria de rebeliones anteriores. La independencia, por tanto, no irrumpió como una novedad ex nihilo, es el resultado de una sedimentación revoluconario-semiótica de siglos de opresión y de resistencia. Nuestro antiimperialismo, que hoy renovamos como necesidad urgente, ya estaba en germen en las luchas por la Independencia. Aunque muchos líderes insurgentes no usaron el término "imperialismo", sus acciones apuntaban a quebrar el dominio extranjero sobre nuestras tierras, nuestros cuerpos y nuestras conciencias. Hidalgo, al levantar el estandarte de la Virgen de Guadalupe, estaba también generando una operación semiótica formidable que transformó un ícono católico, introducido por la colonización, y lo convirtió en símbolo de la organización popular contra el orden virreinal. Esa operación no fue ingenua, supo tocar fibras profundas de identificación comunitaria y tradujo en clave religiosa lo que era un impulso profundamente político de emancipación. Fue un signo táctico que condensó el

2025, Sehepunkte

Der vorliegende Sammelband geht auf eine Erlanger Tagung zu mantischen und divinatorischen Praktiken im Mittelalter zurück. Neben einer Einleitung enthält das Buch sieben Aufsätze, wobei der Schwerpunkt mit fünf Aufsätzen vor allem auf dem Frühmittelalter liegt. Da theoretische Traktate zu dem Thema keine Rückschlüsse auf die gelebte Praxis zuließen, wie die beiden Herausgeber in ihrer Einleitung betonen, ist es das Ziel des Sammelbandes, die Bedeutung von Mantik mit Hilfe von Rechtsquellen besser zu erfassen. Allerdings, so ihr Fazit, sei nur in seltenen Fällen ein Rückschluss auf tatsächliche Praktiken möglich. Teil des Projekts ist eine in Erlangen entwickelte Datenbank mittelalterlicher Rechtstexte mit 70 Datensätzen zu mantischen Praktiken. [1] Der Zugriff auf die Datenbank ist nach Anfrage per E-Mail möglich. Sie enthält bisher nur Exzerpte aus den Concilia-Bänden der MGH. Eine Auswertung verschiedener Kirchenrechtssammlungen und der Leges steht noch aus. Lukas Bothe beschäftigt sich in seinem Beitrag mit in die Vergangenheit gerichteten Wahrsagungen in der Lex Ribuaria. Unter dem Begriff subsumiert er Gottesurteile in gerichtlichen Sühneprozessen, die er als quasidivinatorische Praktiken klassifiziert. Darüber hinaus seien mantische Praktiken im engeren Sinne nicht Gegenstand dieses fränkischen Rechtsbuches. Cornelia Scherer untersucht die Collectio Hispana und andere westgotische Rechtsquellen. Erlasse gegen mantische und divinatorische Praktiken sieht sie vor allem durch die Vergewisserung des rechten Glaubens und die Sicherung der Königsherrschaft motiviert. Letzteres manifestiere sich besonders im Verbot, den Todeszeitpunkt des Königs vorherzusagen. Hinweise auf die tatsächliche Praktizierung von Mantik und Divination seien hingegen selten. Durch einen Vergleich zwischen der Collectio Hibernensis und der Collectio vetus Gallica arbeitet Roy Flechner Unterschiede im Umgang mit dem Loswurf heraus, der in der ersten Sammlung erlaubt, in der zweiten jedoch verboten sei. Die Erlaubnis der Hibernensis könne durch die Berücksichtigung irischer Verfahrensweisen für Fälle ohne Zeugen oder die Harmonisierung mit entsprechenden Beispielen aus der Bibel erklärt werden. Abgesehen von diesem Unterschied zeichne die Bekämpfung der Divination beide systematische Sammlungen aus. Ludger Körntgen wendet sich mantischen Bestimmungen in frühmittelalterlichen Bußbüchern zu. In der Tradition des Konzils von Ankyra, des Augustinus und der Predigten des Caesarius von Arles verständen die Bußbücher mantische Praktiken größtenteils als Idolatie und ordneten die entsprechenden Regelungen daher häufig bei anderen paganen Praktiken ein. Dass mantische Praktiken Thema der Seelsorge und Bußpraxis blieben, zeige sich besonders deutlich in den Bußbüchern des 9. Jahrhunderts wie denjenigen von Halitgar von Cambrai, Hrabanus Maurus und Pseudo-Gregor. Unter der Prämisse, dass päpstliche Responsa eine größere Nähe zu möglichen gesellschaftlichen Praktiken aufwiesen als Rechtssammlungen mit ihren oft von Sammlung zu Sammlung tradierten Kanones und Dekretalen, untersucht Klaus Herbers vier frühmittelalterliche päpstliche Antwortschreiben vom Libellus responsium Gregors I. bis zu den Responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum Nikolaus' I. Herbers arbeitet heraus, wie die Responsa bisherige Traditionen aufgriffen, und verfolgt die Rezeption der einschlägigen Rechtsantworten bis zum Dekret Gratians.

2025, "Kurier Szczeciński"

Paweł Skubisz, Wiadukt, knebel i biszkoptowy labrador, czyli (nie)codzienna praca funkcjonariuszy Biura "B" MSW w PRL, Kurier Historyczny IPN Bezpłatny dodatek do "Kuriera Szczecińskiego" nr 5 (25), "Kurier Szczeciński", 12 września 2025 r.

2025

Η παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρεί να προσεγγίσει τον Αλέξανδρο Κοτζιά ως δημόσιο-παρεμβατικό διανοούμενο. Επικεντρώνεται σε δύο διαφορετικά ιστορικά περικείμενα, αυτό της πρώιμης μετεμφυλιακής περιόδου και εκείνο της δεκαετίας του ’80, όπου ο... more

2025

This dissertation explores how German radio journalists shaped political culture in the two postwar Germanys. Specifically, it examines the development of broadcast news reporting in Berlin during the first sixteen years of the Cold War, focusing on the reporters attached to the American sponsored station RIAS 1 Berlin and the radio stations of the German Democratic Republic. During this period, radio stations on both sides of the Iron Curtain waged a media war in which they fought to define the major events of the early Cold War. The tension between objectivity and partisanship in both East and West Berlin came to define this radio war. Radio stations constantly negotiated this tension in an attempt to encourage listeners to adopt a specific political worldview and forge a bond between broadcaster and listener. Whereas East German broadcasters ultimately eschewed objectivity in favor of partisan news reporting defined by Marxist-Leninist ideology, RIAS attempted to combine factual reporting with concerted efforts to undermine the legitimacy of the German Democratic Republic. The study contributes to a number of fields of study. First, I contribute to scholarship that has examined the nature, development, and influence of political culture. 1 Radio in the American Sector Related to this, the study considers how political ideas were received and understood by listeners. This work also adds to a growing field of scholarship that goes beyond examining the institutional histories of Germany's broadcasters and analyzes how German broadcasters influenced society itself. Related to this, the dissertation adds to the historiography on how the United States used media outlets as a means of fighting the Cold War. The dissertation is based on archival research done in Germany and the United States. It draws on files from the Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv in Babelsberg, the Bundesarchv in Berlin and Koblenz, the Landesarchiv in Berlin, the archive of the former vi Table of Contents Abbreviations p. vii

2025, Tartu Conference on East European and Eurasian Studies. 11 June 2025 - 13 June 2025

The collapse of the so-called "Eastern bloc" of states at the turn of the 1980-1990s. raised, among other things, the question of the formation and / or reformatting of national, regional and local identities in Central and Eastern Europe. This question turned out to be relevant in the context of rethinking the image of a post-socialist city. In this article, I address a number of aspects of processes and practices related to architecture and cultural heritage policy, urban planning and identity in the post-socialist city. Symbolic conflicts are most intense in urban environments due to the cities' high degree of diversity and the presence of significant objects in the competition for discursive power. They arise, in particular, from the struggle of different "memories" in urban spaces. The revision of the past does not appear as a struggle with history itself, but rather as part of the natural process of revising social conventions due to the struggle of different actors for symbolic power. This type of conflict can be considered agonistic and characteristic of a political culture of a civic type, a culture of participation. Cities in the former Eastern Bloc developed under the socialist regime for several decades and, at the new stage, retained a number of visual features referencing the socialist past. Preserved monuments, elements of toponymy, urban planning, and recognizable buildings create, on one hand, a shared historical memory space in Central and Eastern Europe. On the other hand, new nationalizing projects in post-socialist societies continue to define the contours of national and local identity by redefining the symbolic landscapes and mnemonic maps of cities.

2025, Зборник Матице српске за историју

Београдска декларација, потписана на крају посете совјетске делегације предвођене Никитом Хрушчовом Југославији (26. мај–3. јун) је по значају превазилазила билатерални оквир. Бар на папиру, она је представљала привлачнији основ за изграђивање односа међу социјалистичким земљама. Хрушчовљев одлазак на Каносу код Тита, представљао је велико искушење за румунско руководство које је информбироовску политику према Југославији ревносно спроводило. Циљ рада је да на основу архивске грађе, литературе и периодике анализира румунску реакцију на потписивање Београдске декларације 2. јуна 1955. и сагледа њен значај за нормализацију и даље развијање југословенско-румунских односа. У раду су осим преговора совјетске и југословенске делегације, анализирани и разговори Хрушчова са представницима бугарске, мађарске, чешке и румунске партије до којих је дошло у Софији и Букурешту непосредно након завршетка посете Југославији. Такође, сагледан је и начин на који су различите категорије румунског друштва реаговале на Београдску декларацију.

2025

Freie Universität Berlin - Alfred Landecker Foundation, November 13-14

2025, Alma Mater – Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies

This paper examines Nick Joaquin's short story The Legend of the Dying Wanton through the lens of cultural identity, historical recovery, and magical realism. Often misunderstood for its invocation of Spanish Catholic imagery, Joaquin's narrative instead offers a subtle form of postcolonial resistance by reviving a repressed legend from early seventeenth-century Manila. Building on contemporary interpretations of Stuart Hall's notion of cultural identity and Homi Bhabha's concept of the third space, this paper contends that Joaquin's incorporation of miraculous elements, Gothic motifs, and symbolic relics serves a deeper purpose. Rather than romanticizing the past, these features operate as instruments for recovering cultural memory. Through the characters of Currito Lopez and Doña Ana de Vera, Joaquin portrays the layered complexities of colonial identity, voicelessness, and the burden of unresolved history. The miraculous survival of a dying soldier and the mud-stained robes of the Virgin Mary become mnemonic devices that challenge dominant nationalist and colonial narratives alike. Furthermore, Joaquin's deliberate silences and focus on spectral presences reflect the historiographic gaps of the colonial archive. By reanimating forgotten myths through magical realism, Joaquin not only retrieves suppressed narratives but redefines Filipino identity as something shaped by entanglement, trauma, and continuous reinterpretation. This paper positions Joaquin's work as a literary intervention into the politics of memory, offering new ways to understand the intersections of faith, history, and postcolonial resistance.

2025, Las Furias Magazine

Análisis de la serie de cómics "Velvet", ambientada en el mundo del espionaje.

2025, Moveable type

In the 1966 animated short film What on Earth!, viewers are presented with a news-reel styled broadcast-ostensibly from the 'National Film Board of Mars'-detailing Martians' first glimpses of alien life on Earth. As a car enters from the right, the narrator announces: 1 'And then, the big news: there is life on Earth!' The 'cameras on our orbiting spaceship' then follow these Earthlings through their daily rituals: 'at dinner' (fuelling with petrol), taking 'shelter for the night' (parking in a garage), and 'browsing in curiously designed libraries' (driving through a region inundated with billboards). Yet this colourful, comedic, slightly surreal animation takes a sinister turn towards its end as we glimpse the human occupants of the vehicle for the first time. As a dog and several children leave the vehicle, the narrator says: It seems odd that such a highly developed civilisation has not yet found a way to combat parasites. These pesky little creatures build huge hives or nests which often block or slow down the orderly progress of the Earthling, however, the Earthling seems to have this matter in hand. The eradication of these pests is obviously a top priority job for the working class.

2025, Genaro Vázquez y Lucio Cabañas: tensiones de la memoria y movilización social

Éste es un volumen que tiene el propósito de dar cuenta de la historia póstuma de Lucio y Genaro, pero también de las formas en que la Guerra Fría transformó los patrones identitarios en México: el anticomunismo, las consecuencias de la Revolución cubana, las repercusiones de la educación rural, las trasformaciones de la memoria pública y los cambios identitarios experimentados durante el cambio de siglo son algunos de los ejes temáticos que los distintos textos abordan, con la expectativa de brindar a quien nos lee un panorama que hace del pasado una forma de entender nuestro presente.
El volumen quiere contribuir a la comprensión de estas figuras a partir de la elaboración de varios estudios interdisciplinarios que muestran algunos de los modos en los que la historia de los dos guerrilleros va más allá de la biografía. Si bien todos los capítulos que lo integran recuperan fuentes directas de archivo o etnográficas, el centro de todas las inquisiciones está en los modos en que estos personajes se insertan en las recuperaciones que, desde el siglo xxi, se hacen de
los dos luchadores sociales.

2025, 50 ГОДИНИ СПЕЦИАЛНОСТ РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ В НАЦИОНАЛНАТА ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНА АКАДЕМИЯ

The programme in Conservation-Restoration at the National Academy of Art in Sofia was introduced by Prof. Lyuben Prashkov, a prominent professional in the discipline, and launched in 1973. Initially, it was taught at the Department of History of Art. A separate Department of Conservation-Restoration was established in 1976, at which the programme has been taught ever since. The main field of specialisation was conservation-restoration of easel paintings and wall paintings. New disciplines on conservation-restoration of paper and conservation-restoration of metal were introduced in the following years, but only as theoretical ones. Students are admitted upon completion of high school/secondary education and graduate after five-year-long studies with a Master’s degree granted. In 2002, the Department received its first four-year accreditation in accordance with the Bologna Process, and the ECTS system was adopted. The educational programme was developed further in the following accreditations, but the focus was still only on easel paintings and wall paintings. The demand for other profiles of specialisation was growing over the years. This resulted in total redesigning of the educational programme. In 2020 two new study profiles were introduced within the five-year Master’s degree programme: Conservation-Restoration of Paper, Photographs and Books, and Conservation-Restoration of Ceramics, Stone and Metal. The eighth EQF level – doctoral research – is an option also available at the Department. The educational programmes taught at the Department meet the recommendations in “Competences for Access to the Conservation-Restoration Profession” published by E.C.C.O., and the document “On Practice in Conservation-Restoration Education” issued by ENCoRE, and provide a balance of theory classes and practice sessions. Specific needs of Bulgarian cultural heritage are addressed during the study. The Department collaborates with museums, galleries and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in implementing projects on conservation-restoration, under which numerous paintings, icons, and wall paintings have been conserved over the years. The Department is also involved in several research-based projects, some of which are international, such as the most recent ones – “EwaGlos – Glossary of Conservation Terms for Wall Paintings and Architectural Surfaces” and “Stabilisation of Mosaics in Buzludzha Monument”. Currently, the teaching staf addresses the next level of challenges related to increasing further the opportunities for specialisation and to expanding international cooperation both on practical level and research-projects level. This goes along with the need to upgrade the atelier equipment – a difficult task in the period of financial cuts and crisis.
The paper is in Bulgarian

2025, Luka Crncec

History is rarely a fixed account of the past but a malleable narrative shaped by the needs of the present. It is prone to serving as an ideological tool for the legitimisation of fascist regimes, a seemingly "mythic core", and a "fitting paradigm". Its distortion and romanticism open a dangerous opportunity for the construction of a mythos, far detached from the objective truth of history. In this regard, Sparta is pragmatic as "a legend draped in black or gilt with gold", a mythos ripe for weaponisation2. The Lacadeomians' absence of self-representation led to an image of inherent "idealisation and caricature", which Francois Ollier deemed the Spartan Mirage3. This romanticised vision of history is most notable throughout the German tradition, from Karl Müller in 1824, to fervent Nazi Helmut Berve in 1937. Throughout this period, Sparta was mythologised as the Nordic ideal, with elements of statecraft, eugenics and education glorified in support of Nazi ideology. This pliability of the Spartan ethos warns humanity against the dangers of historical romanticism, which ultimately obscures the objective truth in favour of political expediency.

2025, Marsa Aquarium in Batroun: Reviving Lebanon’s maritime identity through Architecture and cultural innovation

Cultural heritage is important for shaping identity and bringing people together in a community. It
was not only about old objects, but also about how people created and maintained a sense of
belonging.
In Lebanon, maritime heritage is closely connected to the Mediterranean Sea, showing a long history
of trade, migration, and craftsmanship. This study focused on an old building in Batroun designed by
Nicolas Yazgi in 1963. It explores how the building could become an important place for preserving
Lebanon's maritime culture.
The project aimed to turn the building into Lebanon’s first center for maritime culture, helping people
reconnect with their maritime roots through marine life exhibits, documentaries, interactive activities,
and more.
The building represents Lebanon’s creative and architectural history. This research helped protect
Lebanon’s cultural and architectural heritage, while encouraging people to take pride in and care for
the sea. It also helped keep traditional maritime knowledge alive by offering a place to learn about
culture and marine life.
Different methods w’ere applied during this research, including surveys with local people and
fishermen in Batroun, to learn about the building’s history and cultural value. Interviews with local
guides and city officials helped us understand how to preserve the building. By bringing Lebanon's
maritime heritage back into life, this project hoped to have a strong impact both in Lebanon and
around the world.

2025, Helena Huber-Doudová (ed.), 1956–1989: Architecture for All. Lifestyle–The Everyday–Media

The catalogue and exhibition "1956–1989: Architecture for All" explores the major lifestyle changes of the second half of the 20th century. Architecture in the expanded field of lifestyle generally offers several advantages. Architecture retreats from its traditionally “high” formal definition to a “low” observation of spatial practices and everyday habits. This allows for the full inclusion of previously “marginally” perceived aspects – the achievements of women architects, interior design or public space, and a wider range of references touching on the collective memory of material culture, such as popular film references or magazines. It looks at the specifics of socialist modernity and socialist lifestyles as distinctive identities and cultural phenomena,
in whose creation Czech architects and designers, both male and female, actively participated. Texts by renowned authors present the individual sections of the exhibition in separate essays – Terezie Nekvindová discusses the exhibition as a medium of architecture, using the example of the award-winning Czechoslovak EXPO exhibitions in Brussels, Montreal and Osaka; Eva Novotná reveals the ideological background of prefabrication of housing; Lukáš Beran describes the technologically innovative projects of the renowned Sial from Liberec and Spojprojekt from Prague. Pavel Směták and Michaela Janečková focus on the post-industrial society – the consumer possibilities of commercial and cultural houses, whose network was centrally built throughout the country for the broadest population. Petr Vorlík and Tereza Pokorná thematize the problems of the profession and the construction industry of the 1980s, presenting alternatives and criticism in the form of “paper architecture”, manifestos and exhibitions.

2025

Science Fiction genre is not above society and politics, just as the other fields of science, fiction, art and literature. Most of them derive from the facts or arguments that are located somewhere in history or present and most of them may have a stand for a support or criticism for "real" things. In fact, the Science Fiction genre may be more useful for ideological and political references. Since the reader or the audience feel more alienated from the work because it is presented in a different universe or parties are not humans but aliens or cyborgs, they can take a stand for or criticize one party more easily. Additionally, Science Fiction works may express the problems of the real world more tragically and dramatically and since we feel alienated from the narration, the argument becomes more powerful. For example, one can see heavy exploitation conditions and oppressor regimes in a science fiction movie and criticize the government and cooperation of that universe in that specific movie or text, and then, when they are back in the real world, oppressor state apparatuses and exploitation conditions may become more visible for them. Especially in these times of a global Covid-19 pandemic, everybody does not talk about its similarity with apocalyptic science fiction for nothing.

2025

Reading of the Films Adapted from Jack Finney's 1955 Novel The Body Snatchers Cinema is one of the most powerful fields of art and expression. Due to the activization of several sense organs at the same time, such as seeing and hearing, what is expressed more easily catches the audience and messages are received by the audience in a more direct and concrete form. Therefore, politics occupy an important place in cinema. Specific problems or agendas and more general questions related to society can be treated in movies in a direct or indirect way due to the political views of the directors and spirit of the period. In that sense, Jack Finney's 1955 novel The Body Snatchers is an excellent work to be analyzed. However, besides

2025, World History Connected

Teaching the Indochina Wars in American World History Classrooms M ost American World History Connected readers probably imagine they are teaching a world history course that challenges students to see the world differently. We're not high school American history teachers who can't stop talking about the Civil War and struggle to cover anything beyond the Second World War. We're not teaching Western Civilization and getting lost in the Thirty Years' War and the French Revolution. We're not even world history teachers whose survey is the West and the Rest. We most likely imagine we're aware of Eurocentrism and how it shapes our understanding of world history. But if you're like me, we still have areas for improvement. How we teach Southeast Asia after the Second World War is probably one of those areas for growth. In world history surveys, Southeast Asia often appears in particular contexts. We focus on how Southeast Asian states (e.g., Khmer Empire or Srivijaya) flourished and participated in Indian Ocean exchange before 1500. After the arrival of Europeans, we focus on how Europeans established trading posts in part of Southeast Asia (e.g., Melaka or Jakarta) and how other parts (e.g., Siam) resisted Europeans. During the era of New Imperialism, we explore European colonization of Southeast Asia and Indigenous resistance in the region. Once we come to the period after the Second World War, almost every world history textbook adopts an Americentric approach to the political conflicts and discusses the "Vietnam War" as one of many "proxy wars" in the Cold War. Instead of approaching Southeast Asian history from an American perspective, we can adopt regional and global perspectives that allow us to center the experiences of people who lived in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

2025, Catolicismo con sentido social enel epistolariode Mons. Manuel Larraín: mediaciones analíticas, fundamentos y experiencias

El compromiso social es una dimensión esencial de la praxis pastoral del obispo Manuel Larraín, que tiene un alcance tanto a nivel nacional como latinoamericano. Accedemos a ella por medio del epistolario inédito de sus años de obispo de Talca. Este, junto con reflejar dimensiones propias de su tiempo, representa una fuente valiosa por su amplitud y profundidad para comprender mejor su pensamiento y sus opciones pastorales. En este estudio nos aproximamos a su ministerio desde una perspectiva social, a través de tres dimensiones que surgen de sus cartas. En la primera parte vemos cómo para Manuel Larraín la realidad, conocida a través de las ciencias sociales, se constituye como una mediación indispensable para el discernimiento y proyección pastoral. A continuación, se describen los criterios de juicio de la realidad así conocida, que encuentran en la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia las claves fundamentales para un actuar coherente con el Evangelio de Jesucristo. Finalmente, se presentan dos casos concretos que reflejan bien este dinamismo: los desafíos de la sindicalización del campesinado y el problema de la distribución de la tierra a mediados del sigloXX.

2025, ASIAN DEFENCE REVIEW

key issues explained space militarisation and weaponisation

2025, In: Das 20. Jahrhundert in Grundbegriffen. Lexikon zur historischen Semantik in Deutschland

Conceptual history of propaganda in Germany from the late 19th to the 21st century

2025, AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies

This article presents a thematic and stylistic comparative study of Abd al-Wahhāb Al-Bayyātī's poem, (Al-Ṭufūla) i Childhood, vis-á-vis T.S. Eliot's seminal work The Wasteland, and other canonical texts from the Western modernist tradition. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, it investigates the formative factors of Al-Bayyātī's poetic sensibility as a modernist poet who shifted from romanticism to realism as a reaction against colonization, despotism, and decadence. Second, it underscores Al-Bayyātī's indebtedness to Eliot's Avant-Garde poetics, which revolutionized Western poetry in the aftermath of World War I and inspired Al-Bayyātī and his contemporaries to substitute the conventional form of the Arabic qasida with free verse. Finally, the study traces the unmistakable analogies between Childhood and other works to shed light on Al-Bayyātī's proficient emulation of Western tradition. The significance of this study lies in its focused analysis of a single poem, which reflects Al-Bayyātī's adept and nuanced engagement with Western literary conventions, rather than presenting a generalized overview of his oeuvre. To achieve its purposes, the study draws on the comparative principles of influence and originality by Claudio Guillén and J. T. Shaw, respectively. It also uses Eliot's article, "Tradition and the Individual Talent," to clarify the relationship between tradition and the author's contribution. The study concludes that this distinct influence on Al-Bayyātī does not diminish his achievement in Childhood; instead, it asserts his ability to retain a certain degree of individual talent in his successful appropriation of Western tradition, whereby he doubly abstracts national and artistic concerns.

2025, KAUPA Letters

In May 1989, I visited North Korea as a member of Seton Hall University Asia Center delegation at the invitation of Hwang Jang-yop, president emeritus of Kim Il Sung University and foreign affairs secretary of DPRK's ruling Workers' Party. Among the various people I met during a hectic one-week stay in North Korea, he was the most impressive and knowledgeable person. I was impressed by the depth and width of his knowledge of what was happening in the world. According to the head of the USSR (Russian) Academy of Social Science delegation staying at the same guest house where we stayed, "Dr. Hwang is a free thinker-perhaps the only one, in addition to President Kim Il Sung-who appears to have a complete freedom of speech in this country." Hwang was also gracious enough to provide a one-hour lecture on the Juche (self-reliance) Philosophy he was known to have developed on behalf his leader, Kim Il Sung. The current essay highlights the (mental and physical) notes I took during the one-on-one encounter with him. Lately, what Dr. Hwang iterated and reiterated in various ways chimes piercingly in my heart and mind: "The proper way to the salvation of the Korean nation is the way of intellect. Both North and South Koreans should put down their swords and money and think hard." Today, as ever, the Korean Peninsula needs autonomous and socially responsible men and women equipped with high intellect. I would tell such men and women: "Do you ask me 'what is the future of the Korean Peninsula?' I will tell you. Think hard with your intellect and step out on your feet. The road is open to you." I feel Hwang Jang-yop would concur in his grave.

2025, Szakmai Szemle

As on 20 December 1962, thanks to two years of behind-the-scenes negotiations with the US government, the "Hungarian question" was removed from the agenda of the UN General Assembly, and the diplomatic isolation of the Hungarian People's Republic (HPR) began to dissolve through the wide-ranging amnesty. Although rapprochement
with the United States would have to wait until the early 1970s, Hungary and Britain concluded a cultural agreement in June 1963. János Kádár and his government saw the agreement as a milestone on the road to international recognition, but above all they wanted to boost technical and scientific cooperation. In the humanities, however, there was no real progress, as each side tried to sell its own views in the other's
country. However, the Ministry of the Interior's III/I (Intelligence) Directorate expected that the cultural exchange programme would lead to more Hungarian grant holders travelling to England, among whom resources could be recruited, and the arrival in Hungary of left-wing intellectuals, some of whom could be persuaded to cooperate based on ideology. This idea carried a serious risk, as the vast majority of British
citizens automatically complained to the police about the attempted recruitment,which was immediately reported to MI5 (Military Intelligence Section 5), which led to counter-measures. However, any Hungarian scholar of the time was clearly a privileged person, let alone one who wished to marry a British citizen. From an intelligence point of view, the latter two categories were the most promising, because
state security usually had the final word in authorising the departure to a Western country or emigration.

2025, J. Blažek - P. Kostrhun - M. Hlava a kolektiv, Archeologie ve jménu národa a vlasti. Brno - Most.

Archaeologist Hermina David-May from Duchcov (1891–1986)
The paper presents a small probe into the life of the Duchcov archaeologist and museum worker Hermina David-May (1891–1986). Given the opportunities for women’s education in the first half of the 20th century and with a family background that did not allow her to continue her studies at university, she took up teaching and initially pursued archaeology only as a voluntary activity within the town museum. However, she had never graduated in archaeology and the document that was supposed to certify this was declared a forgery. However, thanks to her linguistic skills and immense determination, she managed, in cooperation with Josef Glott, to build up an extensive archaeological collection in Duchcov and preserve it not only throughout World War II, but especially after it. However, wartime and postwar events (the loss of her husband, threat of deportation and her trial) made it impossible for her to continue her work. She devoted herself to archaeology until the early 1950s, then lived in seclusion. // Příspěvek představuje drobnou sondu do života duchcovské archeoložky a muzejnice Herminy Davidové-Mayové (1891–1986). S ohledem na možnosti vzdělávání žen v první polovině 20. století a rodinné zázemí, které jí neumožňovalo další studium na univerzitě, se věnovala učitelství a archeologii vykonávala z počátku pouze jako dobrovolnou činnost v rámci Městského muzea v Duchcově. Doktorkou archeologie však nikdy promována nebyla, dokument, který to měl dosvědčovat, byl prohlášen za falzum. Díky jazykovému vybavení a nesmírné cílevědomosti se jí však ve spolupráci s Josefem Glottem podařilo v Duchcově vybudovat rozsáhlou archeologickou sbírku a uchránit ji nejen po celou II. světovou válku, ale především po ní. Válečné události (ztráta manžela, hrozba odsunu, soud) jí však znemožnily pokračovat v započaté práci. Archeologii se věnovala do počátku padesátých let 20. století, následně dožila v ústraní.

2025, 徐可君

The essay attempts to analyze and summarize the rhetorical techniques as well as the stylistic characteristics of Eileen Chang’s fiction in the 1940s in which Psychological Realism finds its expression, adding a touch of unique Modernist aesthetics to the literary texts. Eileen Chang consciously adopted stream of consciousness and internal monologues to enrich the connotations of her works of fiction, which serve as a perfect paradigm of combining classical Chinese aesthetics with Western Modernism. The “discovery of the Interiority,” a defining feature of modern Japanese literature according to Kojin Karatani, was achieved by mild or stark contrast in Eileen Chang’s fiction in the 1940s.
Key words: Eileen Chang; Interiority; stylistic characteristics; Western Modernity; Psychological Realism

2025

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2025, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA 81

György Korga (1935–2002) was a Hungarian sci-fi painter from the 1970s whose work left a lasting impact on the following generation of artists and readers. However, Korga did not start his career as a sci-fi artist. He was one of the artists who sought to reform socialist realist painting by infusing it with surrealist elements, which led to the creation of “surnaturalist” painting – a style unique to the Hungarian art scene, though it can be linked to the magical realist movements of the 1960s. In pop culture studies, surrealist techniques in high art are often considered well-suited for portraying sci-fi worlds. If Korga was initially part of the “high art club” of his time, how did he end up as a sci-fi painter, contributing to the mass-produced, often lowly regarded, sci-fi books and magazines? This paper explores Korga’s journey through the cultural and political censorship of the Kádár regime, and how so-called “frowned upon” painting methods eventually found their way into popular culture and graphic art, ironically making the stigmatized “Western” influences more widespread than before. This paradox mirrors the story of how science fiction became a popular literary genre in Hungary. The paper also examines how Korga, along with György Kuczka – the “sci-fi pope” of Hungary and editor of the Kozmosz Fantasztikus Könyvek (Cosmos Fantastic Books) series – became central figures in Hungary’s sci-fi scene, shaping the imagination of Hungarian readers.

2025, Wesleyan University

This dissertation examines the balalaika and domra as material and sonic objects that have mediated cultural identity, transnational exchange, and community formation from their late imperial Russian origins to their adaptation in the United States. The term "queer" in the title draws on its early twentieth-century usage in American press to describe the balalaika and domra as strange, exotic, or incongruous within Western musical frameworks. By employing thing theory and material culture studies, this work reconsiders these instruments not merely as musical artifacts but as things that generate layered and shifting meanings across spatial and historical contexts. The dissertation traces the transformation of the balalaika and domra from peasant-associated instruments into urban concert instruments in late nineteenth-century St. Petersburg, where Vasilii Andreev's modernist project repositioned them as national symbols of Russia's imperial identity. Following the instruments' migration to the United States in the early 20th century, they became entangled in multiple diasporic narratives, spanning pre-revolutionary émigré orchestras, Cold War cultural diplomacy, and contemporary subcultural communities such as the Balalaika and Domra Association of America (BDAA). By integrating ethnomusicology, musicology, and historiography, this dissertation oSers new insights into the ways in which musical instruments participate in the negotiation of cultural heritage and transnational belonging. Their enduring presence reveals how musical instruments, as material objects, carry and reshape histories, identities, and aSective ties across shifting political and cultural landscapes.

2025

Szóstego lutego 1980 r. w regionalnym tygodniku "Życie Przemyskie" ukazał się krótki tekst w superlatywach opisujący funkcjonowanie "przedsiębiorstwa do spraw polowań dewizowych" Polskie Bory. Jego autor pisał: "[Ktoś] wpadł na pomysł: stwórzmy na tym bezludziu ośrodek hodowli zwierzyny leśnej, a w każdym razie odgrodźmy lasy od pól. […] Taki był początek Ośrodka Łowieckiego «Bory Polskie» w Arłamowie. Więcej wówczas myślano o zachowaniu zwierzyny, jej rozmnożeniu i ochronie unikalnej przyrody […] niż o interesie" 1 . Niemal dokładnie 13 miesięcy później w poczytnym ogólnopolskim tygodniku "Kulisy" ukazał się inny tekst. Opisano w nim działalność Ośrodka Urzędu Rady Ministrów w Łańsku -a więc miejscowości położonej 650 km na północ od Arłamowa. Autorka pisała o nadzwyczajnej kaście myśliwych ("głowy państw, rodzime Bardzo Ważne Osobistości, myśliwi dewizowi"), całkowitej 1 Z. Bandurski, Jelenie i… dolary, "Życie Przemyskie" 1980, nr 6, s. 6. Faktycznie ten tekst napisał redaktor naczelny tygodnia Zbigniew Ziembolewski, który ukrył się pod pseudonimem.

2025, Etruschi scomparsi obliterati altro

Analisi delle ragioni dello sfuggente popolo etrusco e del perché secondo Von Vacano "Gli Etruschi e il mondo antico" 1960 si nascondevano dalla censura dell'antico a quella di Roma alla pruderie per il popolo lussurioso 'la civiltà alta' che non si riassume in un'etichetta 'la ruota' 'la porpora' fa parlare di se' raramente le tappe della seconda metà del secolo scorso, fino a Venezia 2001

2025, Cuadernos de Marte

En diciembre de 2019 publicamos los seis escritos que integraron la primera parte de este dossier temático sobre la Guerra Fría y la violencia política en las universidades latinoamericanas entre 1945 y 1991. En esta segunda parte aparecen siete artículos, que abordan diversos aspectos de la vida universitaria de Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Uruguay durante las décadas de 1960, 1970 y 1980, siendo la última un sub-periodo todavía poco explorado por la literatura académica. Con ello, ofrecemos entonces 13 textos originales que brindan un panorama del estado actual de la inves-

2025, Podravina

Cultural diplomacy, as one of the forms of diplomacy within international relations, can play a key role in promoting international understanding and cooperation. In addition to official diplomatic representatives – such as ambassadors, consuls general, consuls and honorary consuls – there are also individuals who, very often for purely altruistic motives, act as informal promoters of cultural cooperation between states and peoples. This paper, through a case study, analyses the activities of a person associated with Gornja Podravina, Dunja Pavelić Bezjak, a Varaždin resident in Maribor who, through her engagement, has significantly contributed to cultural exchange between the Republic of Croatia and the
Republic of Slovenia, especially in the area of Gornja Podravina and in the cities of Varaždin and Maribor.
Through projects in the fields of art, education, humanitarian work and media promotion, Dunja Pavelić Bezjak has shown how an individual, using the so-called “soft power”, can initiate intercultural dialogue, improve cultural exchange and act as a modern informal diplomat, often performing precisely the tasks usually performed by professional diplomats and cultural attachés. Informal diplomats, using their unique experience of living abroad, can significantly contribute to promoting cultural and educational ties and improving political relations between countries. Dunja Pavelić Bezjak's activities, including organizing exhibitions, concerts, publishing publications, and humanitarian initiatives, confirm the importance of personal commitment in representing one's homeland on the international stage. Her example clearly shows that individuals who operate outside of formal diplomatic structures can play a
key role in cultural diplomacy, fostering cooperation and mutual understanding between nations. This case study further highlights the need to recognize and support informal actors and their initiatives in
the development of interstate relations.

2025

Okakura Tenshin (Kakuzō) was an art historian and intellectual in the Meiji era, who played a significant role in introducing Japanese culture to the Western world. This paper focuses on his visits to Bodh Gaya during his stay in India for nine months in 1902. It is well known that during his stay he formed a close relationship with Indian intellectuals such as Swami Vivekananda and Rabindranath Tagore, and completed his book, The Ideals of the East with an introductory note by Sister Nivedita, of which his opening phrase of 'Asia is one' became very popular in later periods in Japan. The documents examined in this paper reveal that he visited Bodh Gaya three times, with one week stays for the first and second times, and proposed to the mahant of Bodh Gaya temple to purchase a plot of land for a guest house for Japanese pilgrims. Even though the biographies of Okakura Tenshin so far have not scrutinized various details about his visits to Bodh Gaya enough, the fact that there is no other place Okakura visited in such a frequency during his stays in India implies his concerns about the situation of Bodh Gaya temple, at which Anagarika Dharmapala had launched his worldwide Buddhist revivalist movement in 1891, without having achieved its expected outcomes. Another issue to be examined in this paper is about his involvement in the secret societies of revolutionary movements, such as Anushilan Samiti, during his stays in India. It is well known that the investigation office of the Bengal government at that time reported that Okakura had been involved in revolutionary societies, but many scholars have cast doubt if it is historical fact that he caused some actual results in the political movement. This paper is an attempt to cast new light over his experiences in India using the historical materials of the Ramakrishna Mission, Rabindranath Tagore, and British officials, and to examine his intention to visit the Bodh

2025, International Journal of Cultural Policy

This paper is the first to map the role of anti-communism and communism in Dutch postwar cultural policies. We study the networks and relations between governmental cultural policymakers, the Dutch domestic security agency (Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst or BVD), and artists in the realm of culture and cultural policy. Citing policy documents, intelligence reports and correspondence between various government agencies, we aim to show how anti-communism, more than previously assumed, influenced the debate in the Netherlands on a (visual) arts policy between 1945 and 1952. The BVD reviewed the relations between artists, artist organizations and the Communist Party, but seemed reluctant to advise ministries directly. Instead, the agency was used as an instrument by anti-communist artists and informants to lobby for direct anti-communist action or better cultural policies. We discuss two cases in more detail: the attempt by the Dutch Federation of Visual Arts Organizations to leak incriminating facts about alleged communist artists to the BVD and the ministries, and the case of a journalist who used his position as a BVD informant to advise both the BVD and the ministries on cultural policy.

2025, Amplifying the American Dream Historical Narrative in Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen’s Music during the Cold War

Amid the cultural backdrop of the Cold War, music emerged as a powerful medium for expressing political tensions and chronicling historical transformation. Among the voices that defined this era, Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen stand out for their ability to craft songs that capture the complexities, aspirations, and struggles of American society. This study examines how their music functioned as a form of alternative historical narrative, particularly in relation to the working class, the American Dream, civil rights, and Vietnam veterans. It also explores Springsteen’s 1988 concert in East Berlin as a significant act of cultural diplomacy that transcended ideological divisions. Ultimately, the study contends that Dylan and Springsteen were pivotal storytellers who helped shape public consciousness and contributed to the discourse of the Cold War through their musical work.

2025, Cultural Discourse on the Holocaust in East-Central and Eastern Europe (ed Tiziana D’Amico)= UZ. La Shoah e l'Europa centro-orientale/2

My paper presents claims concerning the developments in the discourse
of Holocaust memory in the Hungarian socialist period in the ‘60s. My
research assumes that, although the official politics of memory in
Hungary did not allow for open social processing of the trauma, it can
be concluded that from the late 1950s and 1960s onwards there were
clear signs of a breaking of silence, of a remembering of the victims, of
reflection on the presence of the haunting past. It is my argument that
the trials of the 1960s - the Eichmann trial or the Auschwitz trials as
global events - may have influenced the Hungarian cultural sphere, just
as the political impact of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war may have had a
decisive influence on the shaping of Jewish memory. The present study
is about the encouraged form of Jewish communal memory – the Claims
Conference grant for cultural reconstruction, exhibition, and book
publishing (from 1958) -, on the other hand, about the forms of memory
revived in the literary public between 1960 and 1967, and finally about a
person - Erzsi Szenes - through whom we can illustrate the particularities
and discontinuities of Jewish memory in the 1960s.

2025

Tematem pracy jest przedstawienie motywu pamięci obecnego w malarstwie artysty-Janusza Tarabuły. Scharakteryzowano malarstwo materii jako nurt stylistyczny stanowiący odpowiedź na potrzebę wyrażenia traum związanych z koszmarem wojny i nowopowstałej rzeczywistości powojennej. Opisano przynależność artysty do Grupy Nowohuckiej i II Grupy Krakowskiej. Omówiono wystawę prezentowaną na Galerii XX i XXI wieku w Muzeum Narodowym w Krakowie o tytule: "Janusz Tarabuła. Pamięć." Przedstawiono sylwetkę krakowskiego artysty i charakterystykę jego prac w kontekście omawianego zagadnienia pamięci i potrzeby upamiętniania. Topic of a thesis is the presentation of the motif of memory present in the painting of the artist-Janusz Tarabuła. Matter painting is characterized as a stylistic trend that is a response to the need to express traumas related to the nightmare of war and the newly created postwar reality. The artist's affiliation with the Nowa Huta's Group and the Second Krakow Group, is described. The exhibition presented at the 20th and 21st Century Gallery at the National Museum in Krakow entitled: "Janusz Tarabuła. Memory" is discussed. The artist's profile and the characteristics of his works are presented in the context of the discussed issue of memory and the need for commemoration.

2025, UKR Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (UKRJAHSS)

In literary novels, artistic language is not only a means of conveying content but also a way for the writer to construct a unique artistic world, simultaneously imparting ideological and aesthetic values. Author Ma Van Khang has meticulously crafted an artistic world in which language unfolds in multiple dimensions—both closely following and developing the narrative flow of the story while also reflecting the psychological currents of the characters. Artistic language becomes a medium through which Ma Van Khang highlights his character portrayals. Exploring the text from this artistic perspective helps to clarify the characteristics of the writer’s creative style. Studying artistic language in the novel Meeting in La Pan Tẩn is not only a way to uncover Ma Van Khang’s creative techniques but also a means of recognizing the distinctive humanistic and artistic values within the stream of modern Vietnamese literature.

2025, ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΤΑΚΤΩΝ

ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΤΑΚΤΩΝ, 16/8/2025, 26-27

2025, Australian Jewish Historical Society Journal

The prosecution and execution of 11 leading Jewish Communists in Czechoslovakia for alleged espionage in late 1952 sent shockwaves around the Jewish world. All mainstream Australian Jewish bodies condemned the overtly Antisemitic nature of the trial, but pro-Soviet groups such as the Jewish Council to Combat Fascism and Anti-Semitism (JCCFAS) insisted that the trial was informed by political anti-Zionist rather than racist Antisemitic assumptions. This paper examines how three Australian Jewish newspapers-the Australian Jewish News, the Australian Jewish Herald, and the Hebrew Standard of Australasia-reported the trial and its political impact on Australia. It is argued that the JCCFAS's widely reported failure to condemn the trial accelerated its political marginalization within the Jewish community.

2025, 清華藝術學報

Over the past two decades, the concept of subjectivity in contemporary Taiwanese art has been shaped by evolving sociopolitical conditions, the influence of globalization, and ongoing negotiations of local cultural identity. While previous studies have explored artistic subjectivity in relation to national identity, postcolonial theory, and aesthetic traditions, limited research has systematically examined how subjectivity is constructed through art criticism and creative discourse. This study addresses this gap by analyzing primary texts, including art writing and critiques, to investigate the discursive formations of subjectivity in contemporary Taiwanese art from the 2000s to the 2010s. On the one hand, it examines the discourses of art critics and creators, unveiling their reflections on artistic subjectivity. On the other hand, it explores the relationships between epistemological foundations, discourse perspectives, and modes of subjectivity underlying these discussions. The findings reveal that diverse discourses on subjectivity emerging in the 2010s are not isolated or unrelated narratives but rather deeply interconnected reflections and speculations. These reflections are closely intertwined with recent practices in contemporary Taiwanese art, which encompass folk beliefs and pan-spiritual thinking. Furthermore, these discourses seek to recontextualize subjectivity within a localized framework in response to dynamic and multilayered issues of cognitive colonization and knowledge domination. Specifically, this study reveals how contemporary Taiwanese art constructs multilayered subjectivities to navigate the dialectical relationship between globalization and local cultural identity. This phenomenon not only challenges the concept of subjectivity rooted in Western modernity but also offers a knowledge production framework grounded in Taiwan’s cultural context. 本文首先回顧「臺灣藝術主體性」（the subjectivity of Taiwanese art）的相關文獻及討論。接著，以藝術書寫及評論為主要分析的文本，藉由既有資料的收集與爬梳，考察臺灣當代藝術於2000至2010年代浮現的諸種主體性論述。一方面探討相關評論者與創作者們的論述，展現何種對藝術主體性的思考；另一方面，也探討這些論述背後動用的知識論、視角和主體性思維之間的關係。本文企圖指出，2010年代浮現的諸種主體性論述之間並非各自分立或無關的論說，而是在面對晚近臺灣當代藝術實踐——包含民俗觀念與泛靈思維——具有高度關聯的主體性思辨；甚而是將主體性的問題地域化（provincializing），來回應動態且沉重的認知殖民及知識支配問題。

2025, Cassone (online journal)

Margaret Mellis (1914-2009) is usually snagged in passing by the fishing nets of art history via her marriage to the influential aesthetician Adrian Stokes and her brief involvement in the avant-garde circles around wartime St.Ives. Nicholson and Hepworth came to stay during the war and Naum Gabo became a neighbour, and it is clear that this milieu led to her shift from painterly figuration to severe Constructivist reliefs and collages, work shown in the Tate's 1985 St.Ives exhibition and now represented in national collections. Sections of the artworld have also become interested in her late driftwood constructions, shown regularly in recent years at Austin/Desmond Fine Art in London. The period between these 1940s works and her turn to driftwood construction is now filled in for us by Andrew Lambirth's gorgeous new book, the first book-length study of the artist.

2025, Historia y Comunicación Social

La Guerra Fría se constituyó como una nueva forma de conflicto entre los bloques liderados por Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética, en él las armas son sustituidas por una guerra psicológica con la que se busca “conquistar los corazones y las mentes” de la población. Para lograr la victoria se recurrirá a todo tipo de soportes culturales como componentes propagandísticos, entre ellos el cómic, donde se intercalan las historias ensalzando el American Way of Life como contraposición al comunismo.

2025

Resumo: O artigo examina a obra O Cavaleiro das Trevas de Frank Miller através das teorias de Michael Baxandall, destacando o impacto das condições históricas, culturais e econômicas dos anos 1980 na criação da graphic novel. Baxandall argumenta que o entendimento de uma obra deve considerar o contexto e as intenções do artista, ilustrado pelo exemplo da construção da Ponte Forth. No caso de Miller, abordamos questões sociais como a violência urbana e a ameaça nuclear, simbolizando a luta entre autonomia individual (Batman) e submissão estatal (Super-Homem), refletindo críticas à autoridade e temas da Guerra Fria. O artigo também explora a influência de outras mídias e o contexto dos quadrinhos mais adultos na época de sua produção.