Combat Sports Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

La presente investigación evaluó la efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación funcional adaptado basado en principios de cultura física terapéutica profiláctica y periodización deportiva científica en un caso de miositis por cuerpos de inclusión (MCI) en Guayaquil. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso 25/6/25, 8:29 p.m. Rehabilitación funcional en paciente diagnosticado con miositis por cuerpos de inclusión. Un estudio de caso

2025, Sports

This systematic overview aimed to review studies investigating the benefits and risks of judo training in older people, and to explore practical methodological applications (Registration ID: CRD42021274825). Searches of EBSCOhost, ISI-WoS, and Scopus databases, with no time restriction up to December 2022, resulted in 23 records meeting the inclusion criteria. A quality assessment was performed through the following tools: ROBINS-I for 10 experimental studies, NIH for 7 observational studies, and AGREE-II for 6 methodological studies. A serious risk of bias emerged for 70% of the experimental studies, whereas 100% of the observational and 67% of the methodological studies presented a “fair” quality. When involving 1392 participants (63 ± 12 years; females: 47%), the studies investigated novice (n = 13), amateur/intermediate (n = 4), expert (n = 4), and unknown (n = 3) level judoka by means of device-based, self-reported, and visual evaluation measures. Mean training encompassed 2 ± ...

2025, Advances in Applied Sociology

We tried to highlight the influence of the socialization modes on the construction of different relationships with the body from a body of interviews. To collect relevant data, our study is based on a qualitative approach. At Gafsa Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, we chose to proceed by means of semi-directed interview with students who practice English Boxing. In fact, individuals are not subject to the same socialization mode regarding that personal characteristics are specific. In other words, individuals do not receive the same standards and values and that's why we talk about a gendered socialization within sports disciplines. Our major concern is to check the applicability of our theoretical model on the relationship between socialization and corporeality on English boxing.

2025

Trabajo de grado que se propone desea poner en escena la importancia que posee hoy dia el deporte adaptado; especificamente el para-taekwondo, como la adaptacion realizada al taekwondo; en esta ocasion acogiendo las discapacidades fisicas exclusivamente de miembro superior, como lo son: las amputaciones, las malformaciones congenitas y las paralisis. En el deporte adaptado se posee un problema, el cual es la falta de innovacion por parte de entrenadores y profesores para “adaptar” medios, metodos y planes dirigidos a las personas con discapacidad, por lo tanto al no realizar estas adaptaciones, los entrenamientos hacia estas personas no se diferencian con respecto al deporte convencional. El deporte del para-taekwondo a pesar de su corta historia posee la misma problematica; por lo tanto el deseo de ofrecer sugerencias y pautas desde la iniciacion deportiva por medio de los fundamentos tecnicos, y asi analizar las diferencias que existe entre este y el taekwondo.

2025, Kampf- und Bewegungskünste 2025/Kampfsportmuseum

Asian martial arts have always been more than the efficient use of violence or sports. They comprise physical, performative, ritual, emotional, mental, religious and spiritual elements. The latter will be focussed on in the concluding paragraphs of this training-personal paper. Martial arts serve the maintenance of health and the training of body and mind. They function as self-defence and foster self-cultivation. The categorization in "external" (e.g. Karate) and "internal" (e.g. Taijiquan) martial arts will be shown to be valid only on a superficial level (i.e. the surface structure). Speed and power make a difference in the way of the somatic performance, but the underlying principles are the same. On the level of their deep structure it can be seen that body mechanics, biomechanical alignments, breathing techniques, relaxation, mindfulness, core centredness and energy transmission are based on common principles, which will be enumerated. If practiced in a holistic manner, the harmonization of the vital energy (Chin. Qi; jap. Ki) is a central component of every (Asian) martial art. The regulation of the Ki-flux is also the factor, which connects external and internal martial arts on a deeper level than the technical one. Health in the Chinese understanding means that Ki can flow freely and without blockages or occlusions. Latter occurrences lead to sickness and indisposition. Acupuncture, moxibustion, massages, gymnastics and meditation (visualisation) were developed from time immemorial to guarantee an unimpeded Ki-flow. The martial arts were practiced in this context. Good martial art practice is said to open the energy channels, eliminate blockages and harmonize the flow of Ki. Ki can be mobilized, directed and circulated by conscious mental activity. An integral practice of hard style body conditioning (Karate) combined with soft exercises like Qigong, Taijiquan and (standing) meditation offers diverse possibilities to modulate and adapt training for persons of every age and physical condition. In addition the spiritual dimension of Karate, which is in danger of getting lost in the process of its sportification, will be accessed and re-integrated. Karate then unfolds its full potential and can enrich ones life physically, emotionally and spiritually. The martial art will become an art of living.

2025

Resumo: O Jiu-Jitsu é considerado um excelente exercício físico que pode ser realizado em todas as faixas etárias, aperfeiçoando os componentes físicos do corpo, assim como os aspectos sociais e emocionais de seus praticantes. No intuito de entender como uma luta de Jiu-Jitsu influencia no estado de humor dos seus praticantes, surge o objetivo deste estudo, que foi verificar os efeitos de uma competição sobre o estado de humor de jovens atletas de jiu-jitsu. Após os critérios de inclusão, o grupo do estudo foi composto por 12 atletas com idade entre 15 e 17 anos, do sexo masculino, praticantes de jiu-jitsu. A coleta de dados foi realizada na semifinal de um campeonato na cidade de Chapecó -SC. Os estados de humor dos atletas foram avaliados por meio da Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS), em três momentos distintos identificados em controle, pré-luta e pós-luta. Para análise dos dados, os valores foram avaliados de maneira descritiva e inferencial. Após a análise de normalidade com os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, optou-se pelos testes de Anova de medidas repetidas e de Friedman com o Post Hoc de Bonferroni. Observou-se que no grupo vencedor houve aumento na fadiga pós luta (p<0,001), enquanto no grupo perdedor ocorreu aumento nos valores de depressão (p<0,001), raiva (p<0,001), fadiga (p<0,001) e diminuição do vigor (p=0,013) pós competição em relação aos valores controle e pré. Portanto, no grupo estudado a vitória ou a derrota influenciou o estado de humor dos atletas participantes, sendo que a derrota exprimiu relação com o aumento de sentimentos negativos como a depressão, a raiva e a fadiga. Palavras-chave: artes marciais; adolescentes; esportes; transtornos de humor.

2025

The article is the presentation at the 13th International Conference IMACSSS, 14-16.10.2024, Malaysia.

2025, Academia.edu

This experimental study investigated the effects of hypnosis and post-hypnotic suggestions (PHS) on the execution of ballistic movements in athletes from combat sports. Thirty athletes were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (hypnosis + PHS) and control (guided relaxation). Velocity, accuracy, and muscle activation (EMG) were assessed during the execution of rapid movements, as well as psychological indicators of focus and flow. Results showed significant improvements in the experimental group compared to the control, suggesting that hypnosis with PHS can enhance motor performance non-invasively.

2025, Scientific Reports

Physical exertion causes significant changes in the rheological properties of blood. Combat sports require athletes to engage in dynamic bouts based on direct confrontation. The aim of this study was to compare the rheological properties of blood before and after confrontation (simulated sparring) in combat sports athletes (Boxing vs MMA) and to compare these with a control group of non-training individuals. The study was conducted on a population of 32 combat sports athletes: 82.06 ± 10.22 kg; 177.41 ± 6.74 cm; BMI 26.03 ± 2.61; age 29.35 ± 5.74 years; training experience 9.47 ± 3.14 years (Boxers group n = 16; MMA group n = 16), all of whom exhibited a high level of athletic performance with regular competition participation. Simulated sparring sessions were conducted, and blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. The blood parameter results were also compared with a control group: 86.97 ± 9.47 kg; 177.31 ± 6.91 cm; BMI 27.64 ± 2.39; age 29.65 ± 5.68 years. In the study, comparing the Boxers pre vs. control group and Boxers post vs. control group showed an increase in elongation index at shear stress 4.24, 8.23, 15.95, 30.94, and 60.00 Pa and a decrease in EI at shear stress 0.58, along with an increase in fibrinogen. For blood morphology indices in the Boxers group compared to the control group, there was an increase in MCV, RDW, WBC, LYM, MON, GRA, PCT, and MPV, with higher values noted for Boxers, and a decrease in MCHC and PDW. Similar trends were observed in blood morphology indices when comparing Boxers pre vs. Boxers post simulated sparring. There was an increase in WBC, LYM, MON, PLT, and PCT after simulated sparring and a decrease in EI at shear stress 2.19. Analyzing the results comparing MMA pre vs. control group and MMA post vs. control group, higher values were observed in the MMA group for MCV, WBC, LYM, GRA, PCT, EI at shear stress 30.94 and 60.00, and fibrinogen. Conversely, in the MMA pre vs. control group and MMA post vs. control group, lower values were found for EI at shear stress 0.58 and 1.13. Comparing MMA pre vs. MMA post fight, blood morphology indices were significantly higher in athletes after simulated sparring, with a significant increase in AI after intervention. MMA fights are often longer and more intense than boxing matches, which in turn affects the rheological properties of blood. This is confirmed by the results showing a decrease in red blood cell deformability in the MMA group compared to Boxers, with no changes in AI, AMP, T1/2, blood plasma viscosity, and fibrinogen. The rheological indices of blood indicate that MMA fights have a more negative impact on blood flow compared to boxing matches.

2025, "The Legacy"

This paper explores the dynamic evolution and global rise of kickboxing and karate, tracing their origins, cultural influences, and the factors that contributed to their widespread popularity. Initially rooted in traditional martial arts and regional combat styles, both disciplines have undergone significant transformation through the 20th and 21st centuries. The study examines how competitive sport, media exposure, international federations, and cross-cultural exchange helped shape their modern identities. Special attention is given to the role of organizations like the World Kickboxing and Karate Association (WKA) in standardizing rules, promoting international competition, and fostering professional opportunities for athletes. By analyzing historical milestones, iconic figures, and societal trends, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of how kickboxing and karate evolved from localized practices to globally recognized sports with cultural, educational, and economic impact.

2025, Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

Martial arts and combat sports differ mainly in terms of the purpose of training. Therefore, professional competences and activities of coaches should take into consideration differences between them. When educating future coaches we already ought to bear in mind the specificity of the training process stemming from psychophysical, technical, tactical and social requirements of different types of hand-to-hand combat. The aim of the study was to get to know and compare the hierarchy of basic professional activities of a coach in three martial arts (capoeira, karate and taekwon-do) and one combat sport (mixed martial arts -MMA). A questionnaire was used to gather opinions of 250 coaches concerning the significance of 20 professional activities in their work. It turned out that the differences between the rank of professional activities of martial arts coaches (n=182) and MMA coaches (n=68) were statistically insignificant (p<0.05) and in the case of four activities the coaches expressed very similar opinions. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient had a high value (rsp=0.67-0.84; p<0.001). None of the coaches had identical views regarding the significance of basic professional activities (cv=14-54%). Managing technical preparation and managing physical preparation of an athlete were selected as the most important activities by coaches of capoeira, karate, MMA and taekwondo, while conducting research for scientific and methodological papers was marked as not important. It is not possible to distinguish clearly between martial arts and combat sports on the basis of a hierarchical structure of basic professional activities of a coach.

2025, Tokyo Journal of Martial Arts & Combat Psychology

This paper explores the fundamental differences between weapon-based martial arts (such as Kendo, Kenjutsu, and Eskrima) and empty-hand combat disciplines (like Karate, Boxing, and JiuJitsu). By analyzing biomechanics, range, timing,... more

2025

Myth and Identity in the Martial Arts: Creating the Dragon is a study of the role of myth and ideology in the formation of social identity, focusing on a variety of communities of practice involving the martial arts in East Asian and Western history. Alexus McLeod argues that myths of the martial arts should not be understood as “falsehoods” created as means of legitimizing modern practices, but should instead be understood as narratives that enable individuals and communities to formulate social identities and to accord meaning to their practices. This book covers six influential sources of myth and identity formation in the history of martial arts: early Chinese and Indian philosophy, the formation bushido thought in the Edo period of Japan, Republican-era Chinese conceptions of nationhood and physical culture, Western contributions and the innovations of Bruce Lee, African American conceptions of martial arts as a response to oppression in the twentieth century, and the contemporary ideologies of mixed martial arts.

2025, Da Luta/On Fight

Nesta comunicação, apresento o conceito de 理拳 lǐquán / racionalidade marcial a partir da minha etnografia da aprendizagem do Taijiquan da Família Chen (陈氏太极拳 Chénshì tàijíquán) na diáspora chinesa da cidade de São Paulo. Em sentido próprio, o termo 拳理 quánlǐ alude aos “princípios e fundamentos” expressos nos movimentos da arte marcial chinesa, nomeando simultaneamente uma estratégia de combate e um padrão para o movimento. Nos tratados teóricos internos à comunidade do taijiquan, fortemente influenciados pelo neo-confucionismo chinês (especialmente o 理学 Lǐxué dos irmãos Cheng e Zhu Xi), a noção de 理 li aponta para a racionalidade própria de um 拳 quan (sistema de luta), algo que pode ser percebido e intuído por um observador, ao mesmo tem que experienciado e mobilizado por um lutador. Formulados como “princípios e fundamentos”, seriam então a contraface da técnica corporal, em um jogo de virtual-atual: neste modelo, uma técnica de luta ou postura (式/势 shì) se apresenta como atualização de um padrão corporal e estratégico, que por sua vez só é conhecido e experienciado por meio do movimento. Partindo da etnografia na qual este conceito emerge, desenvolvo a comunicação em três eixos. Primeiro, apresento o regime de aprendizado do Chen Shi Taijiquan na Escola Chenjiagou de Taijiquan Brasil, enfatizando a “pedagogia dos princípios e fundamentos” como dado central para compreensão das atividades naquela comunidade de prática. Argumento que a categoria nativa 拳理 quanli, formulada enquanto “princípios e fundamentos”, é um operador dessa arte marcial chinesa, ao mobilizar movimento e estratégia como aspectos contínuos de uma educação da estesia centrada na integração corpo-mente e continuidade entre ação-compreensão e vida comunitária. Em um segundo momento, sigo tal pedagogia para analisar este taijiquan como um caso da cosmotécnica chinesa, enfatizando como o conceito de quanli se relaciona com as proposições de Yuk Hui sobre a dialética 道/器 (Dào/qì) no cosmos chinês. Mobilizo a conceituação de Hui para pensar a aprendizagem da técnica corporal de luta em sua gênese da pessoa aprendiz. Como terceira etapa, proponho o conceito de racionalidade marcial a partir da elaboração de 理拳 liquan: uma inversão da categoria nativa 拳理 quanli, proposta para explorar seus desdobramentos analíticos. Trata-se, argumento, de um conceito que busca operar a arte marcial como uma via que aproxima e borra a diferença entre sabedoria e conhecimento, corpo e mente, padrão descritivo e qualidade de movimento, capaz de fornecer novas ferramentas de descrição e análise nas pesquisas sobre lutas e artes marciais.

2025

Se describieron las caracteristicas psicologicas (depresion, ansiedad, impulsividad, agresividad) en una muestra de deportistas de contacto, tomando en cuenta la historia de conmocion cerebral. Se entrevisto y evaluo a una muestra de 20 deportistas de contacto, mediante la aplicacion de escalas psicologicas validadas y estandarizadas para poblacion mexicana. Se detecto que los deportistas, en general, no presentaron sintomatologia significativa en depresion, ansiedad, agresividad o impulsividad. No obstante, al comparar los resultados de acuerdo con el historial de conmocion cerebral, se aprecio que quienes habian reportado una o mas conmociones previas manifestaban una tendencia a presentar mas depresion e impulsividad. La actividad fisica y el deporte se caracterizan por sus beneficios fisicos y mentales. No obstante, en el caso de los deportes de contacto comparten el uso de estrategias de combate y/o contacto fisico con su oponente, lo que genera un riesgo de lesiones en la cabe...

2025, DA LUTA / ON FIGHT

Dear colleagues, Hope you are all well. We are delighted to announce the launch of the new book: DA LUTA / ON FIGHT Hopefully, it will be a landmark in the philosophy of sport in a minority area like fighting and martial arts, which is... more

2025, Ciência, desenvolvimento e humanidades: desafios para a transformação no conhecimento

O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender como seis empresários ou executivos utilizaram intuitivamente o aprendizado baseado na prática das cinco competências que compõem a Teoria do Esportismo e como tais habilidades foram empregadas durante suas trajetórias no esporte e na Administração. Para fins metodológicos, este artigo apresentou uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir de uma pesquisa narrativa, visando a estabelecer uma amostra de profissionais de Administração que fossem referência de êxito em suas áreas. Analisando-se as perspectivas individuais e pessoais dos entrevistados, observou-se como as competências investigadas pela Teoria do Esportismo se mostraram presentes em seus perfis profissionais, de modo que cada um demonstrou ao menos uma habilidade com maior evidência de apropriação. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com grandes personalidades do mundo corporativo, o estudo cruzou teórico e empírico de modo a ampliar o entendimento da aprendizagem baseada na prática e do impacto que competências apreendidas no esporte têm na vida profissional. A pesquisa buscou demonstrar que, entre as diversas práticas que podem ser executadas visando-se ao atingimento da excelência profissional, a aplicação das cinco competências adquiridas no esporte pode contribuir para o desempenho organizacional e a gestão de negócios.
Palavras-chave: aprendizagem baseada na prática; esportismo; práticas esportivas e organizacionais.

2025

Aim. The aim of the material is to present a report and review from the EASS Conference: "Sport, social unit and conflict"-XII European Association for Sociology of Sport Conference held on 10-13 th June 2015 in Dublin, Ireland. Method. The methods used were participant observation and an analysis of the discourse. It is a type of case study of scientific events, of one of the periodically organized conferences in one of the international scientific societies. Results. A programme of the event was presented and its content was reviewed, with evaluation of at the organisational and scientific level. The level was good. Conclusions. Participants were of the opinion that the conference was a valuable form of well-understood scientific tourism. Decisions concerning the future activity of EASS were also made during the event.

2025, DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Objetivos: Verificar a frequência, as características e os métodos usados para a perda rápida de peso por lutadores de Taekwondo do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Um estudo transversal recrutou atletas que preencheram os seguintes critérios de inclusão: a) ser lutador de Taekwondo, b) graduado em faixa preta e c) competidor no evento em que ocorreu a coleta dos dados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada durante a primeira etapa do Circuito Costa Doce -Seletiva para Seleção Gaúcha, em 2013. Os dados foram coletados com questionário validado sobre perda de peso em lutadores, composto por três seções, preenchido antes da pesagem. Resultados: Dos 23 voluntários, 21 (91,3%) relataram perder peso para competir. A maioria perdeu entre 1 e 3 kg no período anterior à competição, durante três a quatro dias, até duas vezes por ano, através dos seguintes métodos: aumento de atividade física, omissão de refeições e restrição da ingestão hídrica. A maioria dos homens perdeu de 1 a 2 kg e as mulheres entre 1 e 2,5 kg. Os homens recuperaram até 2 kg após a pesagem, enquanto as mulheres chegaram a recuperar até 7 kg. O mestre foi a pessoa que mais os influenciou. Conclusões: Observou-se alta freqência da rápida redução de peso em atletas de Taekwondo. O profissional citado como maior influente na perda de peso foi o mestre. Os métodos mais utilizados foram o aumento de atividade física, diminuição na ingestão de alimentos e restrição hídrica.

2025, Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte

Los deportistas realizan a menudo acciones de responsabilidad social para generar un impacto positivo en la sociedad. Este estudio pretende analizar las diferentes características de la responsabilidad social de los deportistas de alto nivel españoles. La investigación también explora los factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones, motivaciones o percepciones que tienen los deportistas sobre la responsabilidad social. Para ello se distribuyó un cuestionario, diseñado ad-hoc y revisado previamente por expertos académicos y profesionales del mundo del deporte y de la comunicación corporativa, entre 2123 deportistas. Se obtuvieron 313 respuestas de deportistas que han permitido explorar los motivos y creencias sobre la responsabilidad social en el deporte español. Esta investigación revela los conocimientos, actitudes, motivaciones y problemáticas a los que los deportistas españoles se enfrentan a la hora de desarrollar acciones solidarias. Finalmente se presenta un perfil de deportista involucrado en el desarrollo de acciones solidarias.

2025, Biology of Sport

The study investigated physiological and psychological responses to taekwondo combat sessions as a function of different area sizes and within-round sparring partners. Twenty-four adolescent (age: 17 ± 1years) male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) taekwondo athletes participated in the study. Each athlete confronted 1 (1vs.1; no sparring partner change) or 2 (1vs.2; within-round sparring partner change every minute) opponents in different area sizes (i.e., 4 × 4 m, 6 × 6 m, and 8 × 8 m) for 2 min. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) was measured before and after bouts. Heart rate (HR) was measured throughout the contests and rating of perceived exertion was assessed after bouts. Mean HR (HRmean) and percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax) determined during a 20-m multistage shuttle run test were used for analysis. Mood states were assessed before and after bouts and physical enjoyment was analyzed after bouts. The results showed higher HRmean and %HRmax values for the 1vs.1 compared to the 1vs.2 condition (p < 0.001) and [La] values were higher at post-combat measurements (p < 0.001). Moreover, tension and fatigue were higher in 6 × 6 m compared with 8 × 8 m (p = 0.022 and p = 0.023, respectively) and anger was higher in 6 × 6 m and 8 × 8 m in comparison with 4 × 4 m (p = 0.012 and p = 0.043, respectively). Confusion increased from before to after bouts (p < 0.001), from 4 × 4 m and 6 × 6 m area sizes to 8 × 8 m (p = 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively), and from 1vs.1 to 1vs.2 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, vigour decreased from before to after bouts (p < 0.01). Taekwondo combat sessions are a specific conditioning exercise for athletes. Thus, coaches can use the 1vs.1 condition to elicit higher HR responses and 6 × 6 m area size to induce higher psychological stress, mimicking what occurs during a competition.

2025, Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas

Judo national governing bodies in recent years through slogans, posters, cartoons, and web site information have attempted to reignite their members' appreciation for a judo morality constructed on Japanese bushido. Similarly, several judo federations actively promote 'shin-gi-tai' (mind-technique-body) as a guiding principle for rank promotions and conduct allegedly in association with Kano Jigoro's philosophy. Using translation, critical and heuristic analysis of relevant original historical Japanese sources, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the origin, etymology and justification of shin-gi-tai as a pre-existing principle in Kodokan judo. Our results show that shin-gi-tai was first used in judo by Michigami Haku while teaching in Shanghai in the 1940s. After his arrival in France in 1953, the concept was introduced and distributed within the Western judo world. However, Michigami was not the original author. It was on the island of Kyushu, from where Michigami hailed, that the term shin-gi-tai appears to have been first used in the Heiho shingitai oboegaki (Memorandum on military arts and mind-technique-body), a text authored by Toyoda Masanaga, an 18 th century Niten ichi-ryu heiho swordsman influenced by Miyamoto Musashi. A similar term, shinkitai, later entered sumo through the Yoshida family, also active in Kyushu, who became responsible for the administration of sumo in the late Meiji period. Michigami as a young man had practiced both kendo and sumo. There is no link between Kano Jigoro and shin-gi-tai. While it is acceptable to use shin-gi-tai or any other legitimate meme in coaching athletes, asserting that it represents a fundamental principle that guides rank promotions and ethics in judo is nothing but historical reinvention that lacks any basis.

2025

Bu calismanin amaci, erkek futbolcularda 8 haftalik kor antrenmaninin performansla ilgili fiziksel uygunluk degiskenleri uzerine etkisini arastirmaktir. Arastirmaya, futbol takiminda duzenli olarak antrenman ve maclara katilan ve herhangi bir sakatligi olmayan, yas ortalamalari 23,86±1,86 (yil) , boy ortalamalari 177,81±6,06 (cm) ve vucut agirliklari 71,45±9,86 (kg) olan 16 Futbolcu katilmislardir. Futbolcularin esneklik, sag ve sol el pence kuvveti, sirt ve bacak kuvveti, denge, vucut agirligi, beden kitle indeksi, 30sn sinav ve 30sn mekik dikey sicrama mesafesi, anaerobik guc, plank, t testi ve illinois testi olcumleri yapilmistir. Katilimcilarin esneklik, sag el pence, sirt kuvveti, denge, dikey sicrama mesafesi, anaerobik guc, plank, t testi ve illinois testi olcum sonuclari arasinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli farklilik tespit edilirken (p≤0,05), vucut agirligi, beden kitle indeksi, sol el pence kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, 30sn sinav ve 30sn mekik olcum sonuclari arasinda istatist...

2025, Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine differences in muscular activation and the moment of maximum electromyography amplitude preand post-impact of the roundhouse (bandalchagui) kick between novice and advanced taekwondo athletes. Method. Sixteen taekwondo competitors (four women) were categorized according to years of practice into novice (n = 8, < 3 years of experience) and advanced athletes (n = 8, > 3 years of experience). The soleus, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were analyzed with surface electromyography. The variables of muscle activation and the moment of maximum electromyography amplitude were expressed as a percentage with respect to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and the kick cycle, respectively. The effect size was calculated with Cohen’s d and a significance level of p < .05 was established. Results. The results showed differences in the ...

2025

Background and Aim. During the Franco dictatorship in Spain (1939–1975), No-Do were short newsreels that were required to be shown before the main features in cinemas. The aim of this study was to analyze the news on martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) shown in the No-Do newsreels. Methodology. The 4,011 newsreels contained in the No-Do Historical Archive were the main source of information for this study. We used the Archive website search engine for data collection. The results were then individually analyzed and then a card for each of the selected news was completed including the following fields: (1) Date; (2) No-Do number; (3) Duration; (4) Description; (5) Type; (6) Referencing MA or CS; (7) Geographical scope; and (8) Link to the newsreel. Results. The total number of reports retrieved on MA&CS was 266. The MA&CS news rate per year was irregular, ranging between zero and nineteen. As for type of story, regular news items (71.8%) dominated over short news clips (14.3%) and...

2025

Background and aim. The inclusion of martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) in formal physical education (PE) has been suggested by many authors, although there is no strong evidence as yet of the benefits of its practice for students. This study aimed to describe the effects of the development of two MA&CS teaching units (judo and capoeira) on the motivational climate, enjoyment and attitudes toward violence of PE students, and to compare these effects with those experienced by students receiving team sports teaching units (football and basketball). Methodology. A quasi-experimental, pre-post (two groups), longitudinal study design was followed, involving 221 students aged between 13 and 16. The experimental group (n = 105) developed MA&CS teaching units, while the control group (n = 116) developed team sport, teaching units. A peer motivational climate questionnaire, the amusement/boredom in physical education scale and the attitudes toward violence scale psychological assessment ...

2025, Journal of Human Sciences

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to identify the weight loss methodology preferred by athletes and to determine the effect of the chosen weight loss methodology on themselves. On this purpose, a sample group, composed of athletes from wrestling, boxing, judo, taekwon do, karate and kick-box have been formed. Totally 466 (86 female, 380 male) athletes who especially loose weight previously their matches comprised the sample group of the study.In the analysis part of the study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to initial version of the scale which had an item pool of 32 item. According to the criteria's 21 item loaded on 5 factor which had eigen value over 1 remained. Factors were named as “Physical Effects” (items; 10, 12, 13, 14, 11), “Psychological Effects” (items; 19, 17, 18, 15, 16), “Ergogenical Support” (items; 8, 9, 7), "Diet" (items; 2, 3, 1) and "Dehydration" (items; 6, 5, 4). In the evaluation of items 5 poi...

2025

Prior to the Second World War, very few Americans were aware that martial arts existed outside of the Olympic institutions (e.g. boxing and wrestling) and it wasn’t until the 1960s and 1970s that Asian martial culture became mainstream in the English-speaking world. This changed when a group of dedicated, unorthodox Westerners applied themselves to the study and dissemination of East Asian martial arts, soon raising their popularity to its current level. This project explores the social and cultural process whereby the martial arts were imbued with a violent nationalist rhetoric in Japan before World War II and came to be a part of daily life in the United States in the decades that followed. Central ideas in this process are the creation of an imagined and exotic Asia and discourses of masculinity as they are negotiated within the larger framework of transforming American society. Source material for this contextual cultural analysis includes archival and interview data as well as ...

2025, FIEP Bulletin On-line

Karate é uma palavra japonesa que significa "mãos vazias". Esta, por sua vez, é uma arte marcial de origem nipônica, que chegou ao Brasil na década de 50, através da colônia japonesa, na qual braços e pernas são treinados sistematicamente com o objetivo de se defender de um possível oponente, esta, manteve em sua prática aspectos culturais e tradicionais de sua nação de origem (FERRAZ, 2011). , conta que nos últimos anos, foram desenvolvidas regras voltadas a um combate mais esportivo, onde a integridade física do adversário é bastante visada, tendo como propósito introduzir o Karate como um esporte competitivo. A luta de competição ou shiai kumite na escrita japonesa, é um jogo rápido de reflexos que exige percepção, velocidade, técnica, estratégia, fair play, controle de golpe e principalmente um excelente condicionamento físico, onde prevalece o respeito, a honra, a coragem e a lealdade. Com a popularidade do Karate no meio esportivo e com o constante crescimento dessa modalidade no mundo olímpico, observa-se um aumento significativo na quantidade de participantes em campeonatos brasileiros, sul-americanos, pan-americanos e mundiais, consequentemente, aumentando o nível destas competições e tornando mais longo o caminho que o atleta deve percorrer até chegar ao pódio. Com isso, gera-se a necessidade de uma maior carga de treinamento voltada para a melhoria das capacidades aeróbicas e anaeróbicas. Em se tratando de metabolismo energético, de acordo com Nascimento (2005), são encontradas altas concentrações de lactato sanguíneo durante a luta real, surgindo assim a necessidade de se desenvolver avançado sistema glicolítico que possibilite uma boa sustentação de esforço de alta intensidade. Faz-se necessário também a presença de um excelente sistema oxidativo, este, adequado para conseguir manter um bom desempenho durante o tempo da luta . A metodologia do treinamento desportivo sempre esteve orientada para a performance, com isso, a avaliação física dos atletas torna-se imprescindível como um identificador da condição do atleta, bem como fornece subsídios ao treinador para a prescrição, planificação e periodização adequada do treinamento esportivo. Assim surge a necessidade de realizar testes físicos em atletas de Karate. Como não há, na literatura em vigência, nenhum teste proposto com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade anaeróbia e aeróbia dos atletas da modalidade, a solução encontrada é adaptar testes existentes em outras modalidades. Um destes testes é o Special Judô Fitness Test (SJFT), utilizado para avaliar a capacidade aeróbia e anaeróbia dos atletas. Diversas modalidades esportivas de combate (inclusive o Karate), no decorrer dos últimos anos, têm evoluído. Tecnologia de materiais e estruturas (kimono, tatames), inovação de regras, evolução científica e prática dos métodos de avaliação, prescrição do treinamento e

2025, Tokyo Journal of Martial Arts & Combat Psychology

Traditional martial arts emphasize rigid forms, structured techniques, and strict adherence to established movements. While this approach is essential for discipline and fundamental skill-building, it often leads to predictable patterns that can be exploited in live combat. This paper examines the limitations of traditional martial arts when faced with unorthodox fighting styles, the psychological impact of rigid training, and the advantages of adaptability in real combat. By analyzing historical duels, contemporary combat sports, and biomechanics, this paper explores the effectiveness of dynamic and unpredictable fighting styles against formal martial systems.

2025, Tokyo Journal of Martial Arts & Combat Psychology

Fear plays a critical role in combat performance, influencing reaction time, decision-making, and physical execution. This paper explores the psychological mechanisms of fear in martial arts and real combat scenarios, analyzing its effects on trained fighters and untrained opponents. It examines historical examples, modern combat sports, and psychological studies on stress responses. Ultimately, this paper argues that controlled intimidation-whether through physical presence, unpredictability, or psychological warfare-can be a decisive factor in determining the outcome of a fight.

2025, RAMA

Este artículo de corte preeminentemente teórico tiene como objetivo principal sentar las bases para una iniciación de los deportes de combate a partir de un modelo de aprendizaje motor conocido como dinámicas ecológicas, que trata de articular las teorías de James Gibson y Nikolai Bernstein con los sistemas dinámicos. Más específicamente, el artículo realiza una crítica al cognitivismo implícito en la noción de "saber luchar" (desarrollada desde enfoques comprensivos) y propone en su lugar los conceptos de alfabetización motriz de combate y destreza combativa desde la perspectiva de las dinámicas ecológicas. El artículo ofrece además una serie de recomendaciones pedagógicas para la iniciación a los deportes de combate mediante juegos modificados a partir del modelo de enseñanza basado en constreñimientos (CLA). Así mismo, realiza una propuesta de ejemplos reales de entrenamiento en MMA y de enseñanza mediante juegos modificados en judo y grappling/jiujitsu brasileño (BJJ).

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Bu araştırmanın amacı bocce sporu raffa kategorisindeki oyunculara uygulanan denge antrenmanlarının yaklaşma (punto) isabetlilik oranına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 5 yıl bocce deneyimi olan toplam 20 sporcu katılmıştır (deney=10, kontrol=10). Katılımcılara 8 hafta süresince, haftada 2 gün bocce raffa antrenmanı uygulanmıştır. Deney grubuna bocce antrenmanlarına ek olarak ilk dört hafta statik, son dört hafta dinamik olmak üzere 8 hafta süresince 30 dk'lık denge antrenman programı uygulanmıştır. 8 haftalık antrenman programı öncesinde ve sonrasında flamingo (statik denge) ve yıldız denge (dinamik denge) testleri yapılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Gruplar arası farklılıkların belirlenmesinde Mann Whitney U, bağımlı gruplarda eş grup içi farklılıklarda Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi, iki özellik arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Raffa isabetlilik performansında deney grubundaki artış %240,68 olurken, kontrol grubundaki artış %46,77'dir. Raffa testi punto açısı puanlarında deney ve kontrol grubunda ön ve son test gruplar arası farklar incelendiğinde anlamlılık bulunmuştur (p<,05). Bulgulara göre statik ve dinamik denge antrenmanlarının bocce raffa isabetlilik oranını arttırdığı ve sporcuların dinamik denge performansının statik denge performansına kıyasla, punto yaklaşma açısı isabetlilik oranında daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

2025, Martial Arts Studies Journal

This study examines the relationship between mixed martial arts (MMA) and traditional Vietnamese martial arts (TVMA) in Vietnam from 2018 to 2024, a period of significant regulatory and cultural transitions. Using globalisation and glocalisation frameworks, it investigates how martial arts interact and adapt. Drawing on six years of ethnographic fieldwork-including participant observation, expert interviews (n=8), and analysis of competition records and media-it identifies three integration phases. The pre-legalisation phase (2018-2020) was marked by informal uptake and adaptation. During the transition phase (2020-2022), TVMA participation in formal events declined. The post-legalisation phase (2022-2024) saw increasing hybridisation between TVMA and MMA. Analysis reveals how institutional and strategic adaptations fostered blended fighting approaches, catalysing innovation within TVMA rather than eroding local cultures. This research contributes to understanding how traditional martial arts sustain cultural relevance while adapting to global sporting trends, advancing perspectives on sporting globalisation and glocalisation in developing nations.

2025, Martial Arts Studies Journal

2025, BAA Shizentai Koryu no Kata Series : Koryu Dai Ichi no Kata

A introduction to the history of the design and formation of Kenji Tomiki's Competitive (Sport) Aikido's 6 Koryu no Kata (Ancient Forms) and their transmission to the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. The paper refers to the respective... more

2025, Archives of Budo

To evaluate the state of preparedness of top athletes, specific tests are recommended as the specificity principle is paramount in competitive sports. The main objective of this study was the discriminant and factorial validity of four judo-specific tests in a sample of high-level junior female judokas. Fourteen Croatian junior female judokas (range 17-19 years of age) took part in the study. They were divided into two groups -seven elite judokas with body mass 71.0 ± 20.8 kg, height 170.9 ± 4.6 cm, judo practice 8 ± 1.2 years and seven sub-elite ones with body mass 72.8 ± 19.7 kg, height 169.3 ± 4.6 cm, judo practice 6 ± 1.4 years. The following judo-specific tests were investigated: the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), the Uchi Komi Fitness Test (UFT), the Santos Test (ST) and the Ten-Station Judo Ability Test (SJA). The Student's t-test for independent samples indicated statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) between the elite and subelite female judokas in SJFT and UFT. The magnitude of the differences between the two groups was large when the performance in the SJFT, UFT and ST are considered and moderate when the SJA is analysed. Moderate-to-high and statistically significant correlation coefficients between all the tests were obtained, and with factor analysis only one significant component has been extracted. The SJFT and UFT better discriminated the elite from the subelite female judokas and, therefore, are suitable for the evaluation and monitoring of the training status of female high-level junior judo athletes. All four judo-specific tests have a similar measurement objective.

2025, European Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science

This study explores the lived experiences of dual-career (DC) athletes participating in the Games of the Small States of Europe (GSSE), examining challenges, coping mechanisms and support systems. Despite extensive research on DC athletes, the unique circumstances surrounding smaller nations in Europe and the GSSE remain unexplored. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining how athletes from one of the smallest states in Europe manage their dual commitments under the unique pressures of the GSSE. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight (five female, three male) DC Maltese athletes who had participated in the GSSE. Six of the eight athletes interviewed were enrolled at the University of Malta (UOM), whereas the remaining two participated in online courses offered by foreign universities. The data was analysed using reflective thematic analysis. The study illustrates athletes' diverse strategies to manage their dual careers using familial and institutional support systems. The athletes' experiences highlight the need for improved frameworks and advocacy to facilitate dual careers. The study explored how DC athletes struggled to balance demanding academic schedules with rigorous training sessions. High expectations and demands often lead to significant lifestyle sacrifices, such as social isolation and mental stress. Furthermore, the research examined the dual-edged nature of competing on home soil. While local fans and family support motivated some athletes, it heightened expectations and anxiety for others. This study evaluates support systems and highlights the need for adaptable, integrated frameworks catering to athletic and academic schedules.

2025, Jong Kim Martial Arts - Surrey - Taekwondo

Korean language. 1. "Tae" means kicking, leg sweeping, leg blocking, and kneeing. 2. "Kwon" means punching, knife-hand striking, hand blocking, hand parrying, hand grip locks, etc. 3. "Do" means the art or way of.

2025, Ученые записки университета им. П.Ф. Лесгафта

В статье представлены результаты исследования по использованию методики повышения исполнительского мастерства гимнастов высокой квалификации. Ключевые слова: сложные упражнения, элегантность, своеобразие, виртуозность, программа специальной двигательной подготовки. The article presents the results of research on usage the methodology for increasing the performance of the highly qualified gymnasts.

2025

The aim of this paper was to determine the differences between elite and sub-elite female judokas in the level of morphological, functional and dynamical asymmetry. Twenty-eight female judokas (aged 21.0±2.3 yrs) were divided into two groups based on their competitive success (elite vs. sub-elite). Ten different test instruments for assessing morphological, functional and dynamical asymmetry were used: five morphological measures (wrist breadth (WB) and elbow breadth (EB), flexed arm girth (FAG) and forearm girth (FG), and triceps skinfold (TS)), two instruments for assessing handedness (Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT)), and three motor performance tests (maximum dynamometric force (MDF), maximum number of flexion on the grip machine (MNFG), and seated shot put (SSP). Each test was measured on both right and left side of the body. The coefficient of asymmetry was calculated based on the original results. To determine the differences in the level o...

2025, Universidade Federal do Pampa

2025, Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento

Devido à escassez de informações científicas sobre a aplicação de testes de avaliação da aptidão física e motora voltados para o taekwondo, este trabalho buscou, numa revisão de literatura, estudos específicos sobre a identificação e análise de parâmetros de controle de determinadas valências físicas deste esporte, assim como testes e/ou baterias sugeridas para os seus praticantes. O diagnóstico, monitoramento e controle destes parâmetros nos atletas, por parte do técnico esportivo e/ou preparadores físicos, utilizando testes de fácil aplicação para grandes grupos de praticantes, principalmente iniciantes, além de uma especificidade maior quando o atleta já se encontra em alto rendimento, podem servir para estes detectarem habilidades e limitações dos avaliados. Trabalhos demonstram o quanto a avaliação da aptidão física pode contribuir para o desempenho físico de um atleta, pois através de uma análise e diagnóstico, conseguimos obter parâmetros na prescrição e controle do treinamen...

2025, IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IOSR-JSPE)

Background: Martial Art sports performances are highly demanded and incorporated with the physical attribution of Martial Art athletes. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the anthropometry variables and sports performances of the male national-level Sanda Wushu players. Materials and Methods: The total population sampling method was used and 41 elite male Wushu players registered for the 2022 National Wushu Championship whose weight category between 56kg and 80kg participated in this study. Participant's demographic information, 22 anthropometric measurements of body height, sitting height, body weight, BMI, girth measurements of head, neck, arm relaxed, arm flexed and tensed, forearm, wrist, chest, waist, gluteal, thigh, mid-thigh, calf, ankle circumferences, limb length of the arm, forearm, hand, thigh, tibial, foot lengths and sports performances were measured. Wushu Performances were assessed by using a scoring system developed by the authors. The relationship between anthropometric parameters and performances was tested by the Pearson Correlation test using SPSS (version 22) software. Results: The findings revealed that the arm length (p=0.001, r=0.671), and tibial length (p=0.001, r=0.667) have a significant positive correlation with sports performances. Conclusion:It was evident that the athletes with the highest arm length and tibial length have shown the highest performance in Wushu sports. It is suggested that to obtain higher Wushu sports achievements, consider players' anthropometrical advantages.

2025, IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IOSR-JSPE)

Background: Wushu is a Martial Art which majorly has two styles namely Taolu (choreographed movements) and Sanda (sparring). Sanda performances are highly demanded and incorporated into the body composition of martial art players. The Sanda event is played according to the body weight category of the players. Therefore, the players' body composition does a crucial role in Sanda performance. This study aimed to identify the relationship between body composition and Wushu Sanda performance of national-level players of Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 elite male Wushu Sanda players registered for the Sri Lanka National Wushu Championship 2022 weight category between 56kg to 80kgparticipated in the study. Demographic data of age, body height, body weight, BMI, highest achievement level and training age were collected. Seven skinfold segments of the triceps, subscapular, biceps, supraspinal, abdominal, front thigh, and medial calf were measured by the Harpenden Skinfold Caliper. Four major body segments of total body, arm, trunk and legs composition were measured by the Body Composition Monitor HBF-362. Sports performances were recorded according to their sports achievement levels and awarded scores in descending order from the international level to the domestic level. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the data normality and the relationship between body composition and performances was tested by the Pearson correlation test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 (SPSS) software. Results: The study sample mean age was (31.46 years ± 3.53) and the training age was (8.43 years ±2.75). The results have shown, that abdominal skinfolds have a significant low-negative correlation (r=-0.448, p=0.003) with sports performances while the other six body skinfold thicknesses were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Further, analysis of the body segment compositions showed their total body fat mass percentage is significantly moderate-negatively correlated (r=-0.682, p=0.001) while arm muscle mass percentage is a significantly highpositive correlation (r=0.808, p=0.003) with sports performances. Conclusion: The study can be concluded that Wushu Sanda players have a higher percentage of fat deposition in the body and it adversely affects their sports performances. Further, athletes with a minimum level of abdominal skinfolds and total body fat percentage, and athletes with higher arm muscle mass percentage have attained higher sports achievements. Henceforth, to achieve a higher level of sports Wushu Sanda players should lower their fat depositions in the body and increase muscle mass in their arms.

2025

RESUMEN: En un grupo de jóvenes judokas (15 a 22 años), se analizan las relaciones entre los andrógenos y la conducta agresiva evaluada por dos instrumentos: un autoinforme y un cuestionario cumplimentado por los entrenadores, que presenta correlaciones más consistentes con los valores hormonales. En la muestra estudiada, las relaciones entre hormonas y conducta agresiva son más evidentes entre los sujetos de mayor edad que entre los adolescentes. Este aumento de la conducta agresiva está significativamente relacionado con la edad y con los años de práctica del Judo. Los sujetos de alto nivel competitivo obtienen puntuaciones significativamente mayores que los de nivel más bajo, sugiriendo la influencia de la actividad competitiva sobre la conducta agresiva.

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

This study aims to evaluate the amateur and professional kickboxing sport in terms of recreation as it becomes popular day by day. This study was carried out using a compilation-type method. The literature has scanned and associated to amateur, professional, recreational, and kickboxing sports. While amateurism is expressed as doing a job without any profit, professionalism transforms the activity done as profession and for profit. The unprofessionalism can also be considered a step before becoming professional. There are significant differences in the competition rules of amateur and professional sports branches. Kickboxing, which is made as an amateur sport, makes a distinction between tatami and ring styles and allows the athletes to compete in the style that suits them. In the recreational kickboxing branch, individuals prefer kickboxing as a hobby, health, and leisure activity. Today, it is also possible to encounter that some individuals started as recreational activities and proceeded to amateur and professional level. As a result, in addition to the practice of kickboxing as an amateur and professional athletes, it is seen that individuals prefer a very intense form for recreational purposes. From another point of view, it can be said that the recreational features of defence and combat sports are gradually increasing.

2025, Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas