Common Carp Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, F1000Research

It has been described that fish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs) generate a wide variety of immune-related gene transcripts when viruses highly replicate inside them and are their main target cell. The immune response and mechanisms of fish RBCs against viruses targeting other cells or tissues has not yet been explored and is the objective of our study.Rainbow trout RBCs were obtained from peripheral blood, ficoll purified and exposed to(VHSV). Immune response was evaluated by means of RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) protein profiling.VHSV N gene transcripts incremented early postexposure and were drastically decreased after 6 hours postexposure (hpe). The expression of type I interferon () gene was significantly downregulated at early postexposure (3 hpe), together with a gradual downregulation of interferon-inducibleandgenes until 72 hpe. Type I IFN protein was downregulated and interferon-inducible Mx p...

2025, Journal of Productivity and Development

A total number of two hundreds and seventy apparent healthy Oreochromis. niloticus (30.0±2.0 g) was used to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotic bacteria (commercial and isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) at a level of 0.1x10 10 g/ kg diet and/or overcrowding stress on fish growth performance, immune status and economic efficiency. Fish were divided into three groups. The first group (G1) was fed on basal diet (D1) without probiotic supplementation. The second group (G2) was fed on basal diet supplemented with commercial probiotic (D2). The third group (G3) was fed on basal diet supplemented with isolated probiotic (D3). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, subgroup A was maintained at density of 10 fish/ aquaria (considered as optimum density), and subgroup B was maintained at density of 20 fish/aquaria (considered as high density). values of Nile tilapia fed non supplemented or supplemented with probiotic (commercial and isolated) were not significant. Total feed intake (TFI) and survivability values were decreased significantly (P<0.01) when Nile tilapia was fed diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria (Bacillus diet supplemented with probiotic and stocking density at 10 fish /aquarium. On the other hand, the lowest values of FBW and TWG values were observed when Nile tilapia was fed diet non-supplemented with probiotics sources and 20 fish / aquarium. Conclusively, from the previous results, it could be concluded that diet supplemented with isolated probiotic and stocking density 10 fish /aquarium was the best values in growth performance, immunity and economical efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

2025, Malaysian applied biology

Malathion, dichlorvos and temephos are used globally to control a wide range of invertebrate pests especially in Malaysia. These pesticides usually enter aquatic environment by direct application or through overspray, runoff and watersheds. However, applications of pesticides may cause adverse impacts to many non-target organisms such as fish. The objective for this study was to determine the 96 hours lethal concentration (LC50) of each pesticide in climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. A total of 130 A. testudineus was subjected to 13 aquariums. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of each pesticide for 96 hours. Fish were observed daily and dead fish were removed immediately. The 96h LC50 value for malathion, dichlorvos and temephos was determined as 0.25 mg/L, 2.35 mg/L and 25.0 mg/L respectively. The results obtained were based on the probit analysis method as described by Finney 1952. From the values obtained, malathion, dichlorvos and temephos can be classified as highl...

2025, Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The effects of multifilament gillnet twine thickness on selectivity and catching efficiency for the common carp fishery were investigated in this study. Sampling was carried out with multifilament gillnets of two different twine thicknesses (with 210d/2 and 210d/3) on 140, 150, 160, 180, 200 mm mesh sizes between June 2015 and December 2016 in Marmara Lake, located in Western Turkey. Higher modal lengths and lower catch per unit effort (CPUE) values and lower sub-minimum landing size (MLS) individuals rate (excluding 180 and 200 mm mesh sizes) were obtained in the thick multifilament material (210d/3) with the same mesh size compared to thin material (210d/2). All mesh sizes in both twine thickness provided modal lengths above the MLS. However, the thin twine material had a higher nominal percentage of undersized fish (8%), greater than the 5% accepted limit for total catches when all mesh sizes are considered together. As a result, the modal lengths and spread values increased and the selectivity and catching efficiency decreased with the thicker twine material.

2025, Turkish journal of maritime and marine sciences

2025, Veterinary microbiology

Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) causes a fatal disease in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its ornamental koi varieties which seriously affects production and trade of this fish species globally. Up to now, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. Affected individuals develop most prominent lesions in gills, skin and kidney, in tissues which are involved in the osmotic regulation of freshwater teleosts. Therefore, here serum and urine electrolyte levels were examined during the course of an experimental infection of carp with CyHV-3. In infected carp an interstitial nephritis with a progressive deterioration of nephric tubules developed, which was paralleled by elevated electrolyte losses, mainly Na(+) in the urine. The urine/plasma ratio for Na(+) increased from 0.03 in uninfected carp to 0.43-0.83 in carp under CyHV-3 infection, while concentration of divalent ions were not significantly changed. These electrolyte losses could not be compensated since plasma osmolality and N...

2025, Movement Ecology

Background Freshwater ecosystems are some of the most affected by biological invasions due, in part, to the introduction of invasive carp worldwide. Where carp have become established, management programs often seek to limit further range expansion into new areas by reducing their movement through interconnected rivers and waterways. Lock and dams are important locations for non-physical deterrents, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce unwanted fish passage without disrupting human use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to non-physical deterrents within a navigation structure on the Fox River, Wisconsin. Acoustic telemetry combined with hidden Markov models (HMMs) was used to analyze variation in carp responses to treatments. Outcomes may inform CO2 effectiveness at preventing invasive carp movement through movement pinch-points. Methods Carbon dioxide (CO2) was recently registered as a pesticide in the United Stat...

2025, Turkish Journal of Aquatic Sciences

This study was designed to evaluate dietary Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) and their aqueous extract in enhancing the growth rate and immunity and decreasing the acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. A total of 180 fish were divided into three groups for feeding on diet1 (d1) with no additives (control), diet2 (d2) containing 10 g of MOLs/kg feed, and diet3 (d3) containing 20 mL of MOL aqueous extract/kg feed for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the specific growth rate (SGR) was calculated, and serum was obtained for biochemical analysis. In addition, 6 fish from each group were subjected to confinement stress for 20 min. Thereafter, locomotor activity, opercular movement, and plasma and water cortisol levels were measured. The d2 and d3 groups showed an increase in SGR and levels of total protein, globulin, and lysozyme, in addition to a decrease in the locomotor activity and opercular movement than d1 (control) group. MOLs and their aqueous extract had an improving effect on growth and immunity and mitigated the adverse effects of stressors in C. carpio fingerlings. Moreover, MOL aqueous extract induced a more marked effect on growth performance and stress resistance than that by MOLs.

2025, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different types of feed on the growth and production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and rohu (Labeo rohita) for 6 months in 9 ponds of 150 m 2 each. They were fed on mash feed (T1), sinking pellet (T2), and floating pellet (T3) @ 5% of total body weight daily along with finely chopped Dubo grass (Cynodon dactylon) for grass carp. Combined extrapolated gross and net fish yield was found the highest in T3, intermediate in T2, and lowest in T1. The feed conversion ratio was found the least in T3 followed by T2 and T1. Total production costs involved in fish production were found the highest in T3 followed by T2 and T1. The gross margin was significantly higher in T2 and T3 than in T1 (p<0.05). The Benefit-cost ratio was highest in T3 but not significantly different from T2 and was found lowest in T1 (p<0.05). This result showed that both sinking and floating pellet enhance nutrient utilization and higher production compared to mash feed.

2025

Banana peel flour has a high nutritional content and can be used as a raw material for fish feed. The study was to find out the effect of banana peel flour as a raw material for feed on enhancing common carp fish growth. The study was conducted from February to April 2023 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The experimental group used a CRD with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included T0 (0%), T1 (2.5%), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%), and T4 (10%) doses of additional Kepok banana peel flour. The sample fish used were an average weight of 1.64 ± 0.24 g fish. -1 , which was cultured for 40 days. The parameters observed included survival, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. The results revealed that adding Kepok banana peel flour as a raw material for common carp feed had a significant influence on absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), but had no effect on survival (P>0,5). The optimal percentage obtained was the addition of 7.5% banana peel flour in the feed formulation (T3) which was able to produce 1.73 ± 0.12% day-1 SGR. Hence, the addition of Kepok banana peel flour as a feed raw material is quite effective in supporting the growth of common carp.

2025

Effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Catheranthus roseus, Calotropis gigantium and Datura stromoneum on common carp, Cyprinus carpio were investigated. C. carpio were separately fed with 1 and 2% aqueous extracts of these three plant leaves for a period of seven days. In 1% Catheranthus roseus of leaf extract fed group no significant tissue level changes were recorded. One and 2% of other two species fed treated group showed mild to severe necrotic and cellular changes in liver, kidney and spleen. Immunologically, significant rise in antibody titre and respiratory burst activity was recorded for 1% Catheranthus roseusfed group.

2025, Indian Journal of Animal Research

The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to different light spectra using light-emitting diodes, LEDs: blue (peak at 450nm), green (530 nm), yellow (580nm) and red (630nm) within a visible light under long photoperiod (16h, light : 8h, dark) at »0.9 W/m2 light intensity. White fluorescent light (simulated natural photoperiod, SNP) was used as control. The last 30 days of total experimental period (120 days), fishes from all the groups were uniformly exposed to green-LED light to assess the reproductive recovery. The highest levels of both male and female GSI, ova diameter, VTG and sex steroid hormones on 90th day were recorded in green-LED fish group. In case of male the highest concentration of 11-KT hormone was also found in green-LED fish group on 90th day. Yellow and red-LED fish groups showed significant lower level of above parameters compared to control (SNP) group. Yellow and red-LED fish group showed significant r...

2025

This study was designed to detect the effect of heavy metals on DNA characteristics in common carp (Cyprenus carpio L.). Three concentrations (1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm) have been selected for copper & cadmium respectively with acute exposure (96 hrs.). The results showed that high LT50 found in 1.5ppm while the lowest value of LT50 recorded in 2ppm. DNA damage fluctuated according to different exposure concentrations, therefore some lanes showed high fragmentation than another in both Fin and superficial tissues. Also, DNA extracted from fin is most fragmented than superficial tissues and Common carp DNA is more sensitive to low concentrations of heavy metals.

2025, Omni-Akuatika

The aim of this study was to see how replacing fish meal with lentil seeds (LS) as an alternative plant protein source in diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio affected growth performance, feed consumption, and the composition of the fish's proximate carcass. The fish (100-106 g mean initial weight) were fed 0% (LS0), 5% (LS5), 10% (LS10), 15% (LS15) and 20% (LS20) of Lentil seed protein for 10 weeks. With increasing fishmeal replacement with lentil seed in the fish diet, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain, relative and specific growth rate. T5 (20% LS) had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio than the other treated groups. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean values of proximate composition of fish fillets, such as moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash. Finally, no significant differences in muscle ratio (weight without viscera vs. weight without viscera & head) were found....

2025

Makalah ini membahas tingkat pencemaran mikroplastik pada ikan di dua wilayah perairan Indonesia, yakni Pangempang Muara Badak (Kalimantan Timur) dan Sungai Bedadung (Jember, Jawa Timur), serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Hasil studi menunjukkan tingginya kontaminasi mikroplastik pada ikan konsumsi, dengan jenis partikel seperti fiber, film, dan pellet. Mikroplastik berdampak negatif terhadap fisiologi ikan, menurunkan kualitas konsumsi, dan berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan serius pada manusia. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan limbah plastik, edukasi publik, dan intervensi kebijakan menjadi hal penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan dan keamanan pangan.

2025, Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion

Background: Mercury is a dangerous biological pollutant that contaminates food chains and enters the bodies of animals. Since free-roaming dogs are omnivorous and cover a large geographical area, this study measured mercury levels in the blood of freeroaming dogs in Gorgan City. Methods: After recording the sampled dogs' characteristics, blood samples were collected, and mercury concentrations were measured using Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The mean mercury concentration in the blood samples was 24.9 µg/L. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in mercury concentrations between male and female dogs (P = 0.669) or across different age groups (P = 0.486). Conclusion: These findings underscore the presence of mercury pollution in Gorgan City, as blood mercury levels can indicate recent environmental contamination. The average mercury concentration in various areas of the city was below the toxic threshold of 105 µg/L. However, even low levels of mercury exposure can be toxic to mammals. Since industrial and hospital waste are recognized as major sources of mercury, it is recommended that these wastes be treated before being released into the environment. The research also indicated that domestic dogs could serve as valuable bioindicators for monitoring environmental contamination by hazardous metals, such as mercury.

2025, Biotehnologija u stocarstvu

This study was carried out at the college of agriculture and marine science centre, Basrah university. The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of polymorphism at transferrin (Tf) locus in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio). A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under alkaline condition method was used to distinguish Carp Tf alleles. Use the gel documentation program in this study. Analysis of 116 animals revealed that all animals were polymorphic, showing many genotypes. There was very clear biodiversity in the Tf gene. Seven Tf genotypes consisting of 4 homozygote types (CC, DD, FF and GG) and two heterozygote types (CD, DG and FG) were detected. These fractions are controlled by co-dominant autosomal genes according to the Mendelian laws of inheritance. The highest gene frequencies were calculated 0.50 for Tf D, 0.26 for Tf F and 0.12 for C and G. thus, carp (Cyprinus carpio) assemblages consistently tended to be more predominant to D allele. Differences between...

2025, Aquaculture Research

A 90-day growth trial was conducted with common carp. Cyprinus carpio L.. to test the suitability of mixed feeding using a plant-based low-protein diet (16%diet A), and two fish-meai-based diets of 26% protein (diet B) and 31% protein (diet C). Three mixed feeding schedules were tested: 1A/2B. 2 A/2B and 2 A/2C; numerals refer to number of days each diet (A. B or C) was offered continuously. Fish fed diets A. B or C continuously served as controls. Fish grown on diet A grew the least, whiie there was no significant difference between those fed on diets B or C. Of the three mixed schedules. 2A/2C produced the highest growth, which was better than that on control diets B or C. Specific growth rate (%) and food conversion ratio and protein retention were found to be good for all mixed feeding schedules. The plant protein diet resulted in poor-quality flesh as indicated by carcass composition. The study supports the view that fish can be fed alternately with animal-and plant-proteinbased diets of varied protein levels. This practice would help to reduce protein input, and would contribute to the efficient utilization of low-quality, plant-protein-based diets.

2025, Journal of Zoology and Systematics

This study compared the amylase and lipase activity, hematology, and histopathology of wild and farmed Labeo rohita. A total of 18 fish (9 wild and 9 farmed) in triplicate were used in the present study. Blood samples were taken, and organs were dissected for analysis. The results showed that wild fish had significantly higher amylase activity in the liver (8.00±0.27 U/L) compared to farmed fish (1.00±0.65 U/L), while farmed fish had higher amylase activity in the intestine (13.60±0.44 U/L) than wild fish (9.30±0.37 U/L). Lipase activity in both the liver and the intestine was similar between the two groups. Hematologically, farmed fish had higher levels of hemoglobin (8.90 g/dL), hematocrit (26.7%), and plasma protein (2.86 g/dL), while wild fish showed elevated WBC counts (11.10×10³/µL) and MCHC (41.20 g/dL). Histopathological examination revealed that farmed fish had healthy hearts, kidneys, and gill structures, while wild fish showed elongated cardiac vessels, hydropic degeneration in the kidneys, and gill damage, including epithelial rupture. Overall, farmed Labeo rohita appeared to be healthier than its wild counterparts. The findings of this study have significant future implications for improving aquaculture practices, as they can inform the development of optimized diets, enhance fish health management strategies, and guide selective breeding programs to bridge the physiological gap between wild and farmed populations.

2025, Journal of Medicine and Health

This research was to evaluate the influence of common carp meat diet on brain index and gene NR2B expression of Swiss Webster mice cerebrum. The gene expression and performance of ion Ca 2+ channel in neuron are influenced by Glycine and Glutamic Acid, which present in relatively high quantities in common carp meat. Eighteen male mice were divided into 3 diet groups, the standard pellet, 120 mg and 480 mg common carp meat/day. The brain index differences among groups were analyzed using ANOVA test (p≤0,05) and LSD. The total RNA of 5 mg mouse cerebrum was isolated, followed by RT-PCR; the DNA quantities were predicted using Geldoc instrument, then were analyzed using ANOVA test (p≤0,05). The 120 mg diet group brain index did not show difference (p=0,284) against the standard diet group, while the 480 mg diet group showed the increase compared to the standard (p=0,034) and 120 mg diet groups (p=0,004). No DNA quantity differences of all groups (p=0,195). It was concluded, the 480 mg common carp meat/ day diet increased the brain index of Swiss Webster mice, while the 120 mg and 480 mg common carp/day diets did not influence the gene NR2B expression of Swiss Webster mice cerebrum.

2025

Gills of carp from ponds of the "Vrsacki ritovi" fish farm were studied, and the results discussed with reference to the results of physical and chemical properties of pond water. Subepithelial edema and gill hyperemia that are classified as mild and reparable were found the most frequently. High ammonia level that occurred periodically and increased pH values induced gill epithelial hyperplasia. Symptoms of environmental gill disease were observed in less than quarter of samples examined. Parasites invasion was recorded in all samples and could be related to the increased organic matter content. Although different gill changes were found, there were always parts of the gill apparatus still functionally normal and able to adapt to environmental changes that in this study, exceeded values recommended for carp production only temporarily.

2025

Growth and histology of intestine and liver of carp fed diets with or devoid of fish meal (FM) was studied. Carp were fed four experimental diets formulated to contain 38% protein for 90 days. FM was incorporated at 30% in feed A, 15% in feed B and C, and was completely replaced with a mixture of plant proteins in feed D. Feed C and D were supplemented with methionine and lysine. The results showed that carp fed feed D had the lowest weight gain, length and height compared to the other three diets, whereas no differences were observed between A, B and C for the measured morphometric parameters. Inclusion of methionine and lysine tended to improve SGR of carp fed feed C compared to those fed feed B, but growth rate was lower than carp fed feed A. FCR differed for nearly 90 % between the FM rich and solely plant protein diet. No major pathological changes were recorded. At the end of the study shortening of intestinal folds' length was found for all groups, except for fish fed feed D. The height of enterocytes was significantly lower for carp fed diet D compared to other diets. According to the results obtained the best diet is feed A, but feed C with 15% FM and added methionine and lysine represents an acceptable replacement due to its lower price and effect on growth that are the most similar to feed A.

2025

In order to evaluate the relationship between water quality in ponds and indices of histopathological changes occurring in the vital organs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758), two six-month field experiments were carried out using two different water supplies: from the nearby stream and a tube well. The fish were fed supplemental feed: raw cereals, pelleted and extruded compound feed. Histopathological analysis, alteration frequencies, and semi-quantitative scoring of the changes were used to assess the health status of the fish. Ponds supplied by stream water were characterized by higher water hardness, dissolved oxygen and pH values, while those supplied by the tube well had higher electroconductivity, total ammonium and orthophosphates content. Fish survival rate and habitat suitability index were lower in ponds supplied by stream water, while the weight gain did not differ between the two water supplies. The use of stream water resulted in a higher level of histopathological changes in gills and liver. Among the water quality parameters, pH level had the strongest influence on fish. Differences in water supply produced greater influence on the level of histopathological changes than the type of feed applied. Gills were the most sensitive organ, while the kidney was the least responsive.

2025, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade

The aim of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations between weight, length and height of common carp in Serbia (Cyprinus carpio L.) during 3-year growth period. The 50 families of common carp were produced in 2007 and used for the estimation of genetic parameters. The fish were measured at tagging for weight, length and height (W0, L0, H0), then during the first autumn (W1, L1, H1) and during the second autumn (W2, L2, H2). Based on univariate models heritability estimates were high for all traits (0.39, 0.34 and 0.45 for W1, L1 and H1, respectively) and also for the second production year (0.49, 0.47 and 0.44 for W2, L2 and H2, respectively). The genetic correlations were estimated using multivariate models and they were high between W1 and L1 and H1 (0.81 ? 0.06 and 0.91 ? 0.03 for L1 and H1, respectively), while between H1 and L1 were moderately correlated (0.54 ? 0.12). In the second production year genetic correlations were also high, between W2 and L2 a...

2025, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances

2025, Asian Fisheries Science

Mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were cultured in four cement ponds of 72 m2 at 1:1 ratio with a stocking density of 1 fish· m·2 during summer in subtropical Nepal. Fish were fed with locally collected duckweed (Spirodela sp.) during 108 days of experimental period. Nile tilapia grew from 39.6±3.7 g at stocking to 145±5.2 g at harvesting with a survival rate of 90±4 %. Common carp grew from an initial 2.8±0.G g to final 63.2±2.4 g with 97±1 % survival rate. The extrapolated annual yield of stocked fish ranger.! from 2.3 - 2.9 t•ha·1 with a mean of 2.5 ±0.1 t·ha·1. Tilapia offsprings produced during the experimental period was 1690:±261 fish per pond with an average size of 7.2±1.6 g. Weight of tilapia recruits obtained was two times more than that of the net yield of originally stocked fish. The common carp did not control tilapia recruitments.

2025, Aquaculture

This study set out to improve our understanding of the molecular genetic characteristics of imported strains of common carp reared in the Czech Republic. To do this we characterized the genetic diversity and population structure of 11 carp strains including two farmed strains from Germany (Scheuerman and Glinzig mirror carp) and France (Forez and Dombez scaly carp), one farmed population from Amur river basins, and one feral population from the Ebro River (Spain), by microsatellite analysis of 10 loci. Mean heterozygosity within populations ranged from 0.584 to 0.700, and the mean number of alleles per population ranged from 5.0 to 9.8. Of the analysed loci, 92 out of 130 possible tests were found to deviate significantly (P < 0.05) from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealing significant heterozygote deficit after Bonferroni correction. Global analysis of hierarchical gene diversity (AMOVA) further revealed that the total genetic variation among populations was 21%, whilst variation within populations was estimated to be 79%. After grouping, the majority of total microsatellite loci variation appeared to be due to variation within populations. A relationship tree based on Nei's D A genetic distance and the UPGMA algorithm grouped the strains and populations into two major clusters, reflecting their affiliation to the European/Central Asian or East-Asian subspecies of common carp, rather than their country of origin. An individual assignment test (selfclassification) using a Bayesian method demonstrated 89.6% accuracy in assigning individuals into their correct strains/population of origin at P < 0.05. Thus, the set of 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers used in the present study demonstrated significant worth in monitoring the genetic diversity of cultured common carp. Additionally, our results proved the efficiency of the conservation programme and highlighted the need for better control of genetic variability in common carp strains. This could also be useful for the conservation of carp strains in the Czech Republic.

2025

Crottin de Chavignol is one of the most important cheeses produced from pasteurized goat milk. in this research, the
effect of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging techniques on the Crottin de Chavignol cheese, manufactured
from frozen and thawed curd, was investigated. The frozen curd stored for 6 months at -25°C and th en thawed and processed
into cheese by fallowing the same procedure as far the fresh cürd .. The cheese was packaged under modifıed atmosphere
(MAP) of 20 % C02 + 80 ¾ N2 and vacuum. The corıtrol cheese samples were packaged under ambient atmosphere.
Cheeses were sampled for physicochemical, textural and sensory analyses on day O and after 3, 6 and 9
weeks . The cheese group packaged under ambient atmosphere could not be evaluated organoleptically after 6 "" week
because of mould and yeast growth. The effect of packaging technique on color (L *, a* and b* values ), on some textural
parameters (hardness, gumminess and chewiness) and flavor scores was found significant. However, no signifıcant difference
was faund between MAP and vacuum packaged cheese groups except far some textural characteristics as
hardness, gumminess and chewiness.

2025, Aquatic Botany

 Fishponds with similar management can have different macrophyte assemblages.  Fishpond macrophytes are influenced by farm management and water transparency.  High fish stock leads to decrease in macrophyte abundance and diversity. ... more

2025, Aquatic Toxicology

The low Ebro River course (Northeast Spain) is historically affected by mercury pollution due to a chloralkali plant operating at the town of Flix for more than a century. River sediments analysed during the last 10 years showed high mercury levels in the river section starting just downstream the factory and spanning some 90 km, down to the river delta. The possible environmental impact was studied by a combination of field and laboratory studies. Mercury concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle of feral carp (Cyprinus carpio) sampled downstream Flix were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those from carps sampled upstream Flix. Elevated levels of mercury in these samples associated with significant increases on the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and on mRNA expression of two metallothionein genes, MT1 and MT2, in kidney and, partially, in scales, but not in liver. Conversely, no biochemical evidence for oxidative stress or DNA damage was found in these tissues. Non-contaminated carps subjected to intraperitoneal mercury injection resulted in a 20-fold increase of MT1 and MT2 mRNA levels in carp kidney, with minimal changes in liver levels. Our data suggests the coordinate increase of metallothionein mRNA in kidney and of GSH in liver constitutes an excellent marker of exposure to subtoxic mercury levels in carps. This study also demonstrates that apparently healthy fish populations may exceed the mercury contamination acceptable for human consumption.

2025

Worldwide, the scientific researches performed during the last years are focused on the determination of the negative effects caused by natural and antropogeneous chemical compounds on aquatic species; these species are more exposed to most pollutants than the land species, for the simple reason that the aquatic environment is the last destination for most residues. Our research team proposed to test the toxic effect caused by ethinylestradiol on embryo development in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp embryos were purchased from the fish farm S.C. Acva Prod S.R.L. Cefa, Bihor County these were obtained by artificial reproduction. After taking and selection, the fecundated spawns were introduced in 10 Nunk culture plates of 45 ml, where we introduced 40 ml water, too. We created 3 batches, with two replications, namely: batch 1 – control, batch 2 – in water, we added ethinylestradiol (EE 2 ) in concentration of 1.5 ng L -1 and batch 3 – we added in water a concentration of 7...

2025, Foods

The perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a persistent class of synthetic chemicals that spread in the environment as a result of industrialization. Due to their bioaccumulative and endocrine disruption implications, these chemicals can affect food quality and human health, respectively. In the present study, the bioconcentration and biotransformation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated in a biphasic system (exposure and depuration). Carp were continuously exposed, under laboratory conditions, to 10 (Experiment 1) and 100 (Experiment 2) µg/L PFOA for 14 weeks, followed by a wash out period of 3 weeks. Fish organs and tissues were collected at 8, 12, 14 weeks of exposure and at week 17, after the depuration period. The results obtained from the LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of PFOA in all studied organs. The highest values of PFOA were identified in the gallbladder (up to 2572 ng/g d.w.) in Experiment 1 and in the gallbladder ...

2025, Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety

The chemical, sensory, microbiological, protein profile and textural changes of vacuumpackaged 'gravad' carp fillets (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during storage at 3 °C. Sensory analyses showed that vacuum-packed gravad was still acceptable at the end of 8 weeks of storage. Due to gravading, the total viable count did not exceed the acceptable limit of 10 6 -10 7 cfu g -1 . Our SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that gravading caused a slight decrease in the relative intensity of myosin heavy chain (MHC), while the level of actin remained unchanged. Due to gravading, we found an increase in the values for cohesiveness and chewiness. The values for hardness and chewiness decreased which was accompanied by a slight reduction in springiness and cohesiveness. Texture profile analysis revealed that the a-value was higher in raw carp (RC) than in gravad carp before (GB) and after storage (GA); whereas the b-value was lower in RC than in GB and GA.

2025, International Journal of Aquatic Biology

Shirazi thyme is an active phytobiotc contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have strong antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of Shirazi thyme compared to that of vitamin E against cadmium toxicity. Common carp juveniles (34±3 g) were divided into four groups and fed by three different diets, including commercial diet without any additive (for control and metal only group) and supplemented with either 1% ground Shirazi thyme or 100 mg/kg vitamin E. All treatments except the control were exposed to sublethal concentration of waterborne cadmium (1.5 mg/L free ion) for 15 days and liver, kidney and gill were sampled 3, 7, 10 and 15 days after the exposure. The results showed that treatment of the fish with cadmium for 15 days resulted in a significant reduction in glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) and led to liver, kidney and gills dysfunction. On the other hand, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased during metal exposure. Supplementation of diets with Shirazi thyme and vitamin E led to a significant protection against metal exposure in different tissues. Moreover, Shirazi thyme was found to be as effective as vitamin E. The current finding can provide a useful reference for stress protective effects of thyme and its beneficial role in aquaculture.

2025, International Journal of Aquatic Biology

If the dose and duration of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) supplementation optimize, low concentrations of Zn nanoparticles can replace conventional Zn sources in diets of different species of fish. Since evaluating the cytotoxicity of any nutritional supplement is one of the requirements for optimizing the dose for a specified time, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of oral administration of ZnO-NPs on oxidative stress and certain biochemical biomarkers in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as an experimental model. For this purpose, ZnO-NPs were orally administered to fish for 21 days at 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 feed. Administration of ZnO-NPs (15 mg kg -1 ) significantly enhanced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in liver, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDH activities in kidney. Dietary ZnO-NPs increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in liver of fish. The results indicated that administration of 10 mg kg -1 and 15 mg kg -1 ZnO-NPs caused a significant increase in ALT and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, AST and CAT activities and MDA levels in kidney. ZnO-NPs decreased the liver ALP activity. Administration of 5 mg kg -1 ZnO-NPs significantly increased the cellular total antioxidant (TA) levels in various tissues. Therefore, we suggest that oral administration of 10 and 15 mg kg -1 ZnO NPs caused cytotoxicity and alterations in oxidative biomarkers, but 5 mg ZnO-NPs per kg feed had no side effects on oxidative stress and biochemical biomarkers in fish.

2025, 8Th International Symposium …

Twelve hundred Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), average body weight of 4.5 ± 0.2 g, were used to investigate the effect of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) on the growth rate and disease resistance of fish reared in earthen ponds. They were equally and randomly distributed in six circular earthen ponds (100 m 2 ) at a stocking rate of 2 fish m -2 . Three ponds were randomly assigned for as treatment replicates and the remaining 3 ponds as controls. The control group (gp.1) was given a balanced diet while the treatment group (gp. 2) was given the same diet supplemented by Echinacea at a rate of 0.25 ppt on a dry weight basis. The fish were fed twice daily at a rate of 3% body weight per day for 6 months. Growth and survival rates were recorded at the end of the experiment. The immunostimlatory effects, of Echinacea, were determined from differences between treatment and control groups in survival rate, total and differential leukocytic counts and nitroblue tetrazolium values. A challenge test was conducted using 90 tilapia from each group (30 fish/replicate) by I/P inoculation with 0.5 ml suspension culture of the pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 8 bacteria ml - 1 ). The mortality rate was recorded for 7 days post-challenge. Group (2) showed a significant increase in body weight gain, specific growth rate, hematocrit values, lysozyme activities and total leukocytic counts, especially in terms of lymphocytes and eosinophils when compared with the control (gp. 1). The survival rate was significantly increased in gp. (2), with and without challenge, when compared with gp. (1). No significant changes were observed in the monocyte numbers and in the nitroblue tetrazolium test. It may be concluded that, Echinacea can be used as a growth enhancer, immunostimulant and a disease control agent in fish. It is recommended as a means of improving the tilapia aquaculture production under certain conditions.

2025

Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Marine Institute nor the author accepts any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned, or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full as a consequence of any person acting or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged.

2025, Journal of Applied Aquaculture

This study investigated the effect of different levels of dietary niacin on growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, and biochemical body composition of juvenile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A formulated basal diet with 28 mg native niacin kg -1 was fortified with nicotinic acid to provide 50, 70, 90, or 110 mg kg -1 diet. Fish with initial average weight of 25 ± 0.28 g were fed to visual satiation three times per day in triplicate for 8 weeks. The results showed that 90 mg niacin significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization of fish compared to the control group. The increase in dietary niacin level resulted in an increasing trend of whole-body protein and lipid content (P < 0.05). Moreover, Lipase, total protease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed 90 mg niacin kg -1 diet than that in the control group. Using polynomial regression, the optimum dietary niacin level in C. carpio juveniles was estimated as 98 mg kg -1 diet when percentage of body weight gain was plotted against dietary niacin levels.

2025

The aim of this study is to examine some changes in the biochemical profile of the liver tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to a sublethal concentration of heavy metal mixture (cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead). The biochemical profile, specifically glycogen, total lipid and vitamin E content in the liver tissue was examined and compared to that of the control group. The exposed group showed a marked decline in glycogen and vitamin E reserves. Conversely an increase in total lipid in comparison to control was observed. The result reflects the sensitivity of these biochemical parameters to the effects of sublethal levels of combined heavy metals for this the widely consumed freshwater fish.

2025, Maejo International Journal of Science …

Abstract: This research paper presents the pathological effects of a sub-lethal concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Total protein and levels of alkaline phosphatase... more

2025, Iran Occupational Health

Background and aims: Research show exposure to pesticides is occupationally common in agricultural task. Organophosphate (OP) compounds are diverse classes of pesticides with the most well known applications as insecticides and, to a lesser extent, as herbicides in agriculture. Organophosphate poisoning (OPP) is a major problem worldwide, especially in developing countries, with millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths occurring each year. Methods: A total of 34 patients of male farmers spraying 20 to 60 years that exposure to organophosphate insecticides in the South West region were selected and were divided into two groups. 17 patients as controls were studied among people who were not farmers. Protective clothing was offered to a group of farmers to use them during spraying. While another group of farmers in their daily work without the use of protective clothing were studied in this way. After spraying operation a blood sample collected from the three groups and th...

2025, Environmental Biology of Fishes

The developmental interval, body length, dry and wet weight were determined in carp larvae during the first 2 weeks of exogenous feeding. Six feeding groups were reared at 26OC; four groups received different artificial diets, whereas zooplankton-fed larvae and unfed larvae served as controls. It was found that larval developmental rate can be modified by the type of food. The diet affects the relationship between developmental step and weight. The effect of diet on the relationship between development and length becomes manifest at older steps (after longer feeding the same diet). A threshold point, after which satisfactory results of feeding artificial diets to carp larvae can be expected, depends not only on body size but also on the degree of development. * Molasses yeast from distillery wastes. ** Formula for babies containing pregelatinized starch. *** Measured using a Philipson microbomb calorimeter, as modified by Klekowski & Beczkowski (1973).

2025, Acta Aquatica Turcica

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the main species of carp being cultured in mid and southern Iraq. The consumer believes that the farmed fish is less nutritious than the wild fish, which affects its market value. The current study was designed to investigate the nutritional value of the common carp cultivated in the Basrah province based on the fatty and amino acid profile. Fatty acids were determined by Gas chromatography (GC), while an Amino Acid Analyzer was used for the determination of amino acids. The results revealed that the tested fish is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially essential omega-3 fatty acids), including α-linolenic acid (14.08±3.92%), docosahexaenoic acids (7.98 ±2.82 %), and eicosapentaenoic acid (2.81 ±0.34 %). Seven essential amino acids which are significant for the human body and the other ten non-essential amino acids were identified in the samples tested. Thus, it was established that the nutritional value of the farmed Cyprinus carpio is ...

2025

Enzyme activity Adding carbohydrates as a source of energy in fish diets could reduce the diet cost and lower the organic pollution resulting from the catabolism of protein compounds in intensive aquaculture systems. It is known that fish have poor regulation over blood glucose level. Trivalent chromium is essential to maintain carbohydrate metabolism in humans and animals by acting as a co-factor for insulin.

2025, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

A nutrition trial was conducted on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio), initial mean body weight 15 ± 0.4 g within a controlled facility at 25 ± 0.5 • C. Six diets containing various levels of supplementary Cr (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) mg Cr/kg of diet as Cr chloride hexahydrate were fed to carp for a period of 10 weeks. Lower growth performance was observed in fish fed on the control diet and the diet supplemented with the highest level of Cr (2.0 mg Cr/kg). Although fish fed 0.5 mg Cr/kg showed the best growth performance, this was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from fish fed 1.0 mg Cr/kg. The regression of plasma glucose concentration was linear (R 2 = 0.97 and P value = 0.001) as the Cr content of the diet increased (up to 1.5 mg Cr/kg). Cr carcass content was elevated with an increasing level of dietary Cr supplementation up to 1.5 mg Cr/kg; but fish fed on the diet supplemented with the highest level of Cr (2.0 mg Cr/kg) showed a decrease in Cr carcass content. Histological examination to evaluate the impact of different Cr supplementation on liver and gut tissues showed notable changes. The higher level of Cr (2.0 mg Cr/kg) in the diet gave rise to elevated hepatocyte vacuolization and changes in gut tissue morphology. It appeared that Cr chloride significantly improved growth within a defined range (0.2-1.5) mg Cr/kg without any negative impact, while 2.0 mg Cr/kg in carp diet seems to be the threshold for the initiation of toxicity.

2025, Wiley

Epoxy composites as per their excellent adhesive behavior, mechanical strength, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance have been utilized in a number of applications and constitute a major chunk of polymer industry. Epoxy, since ages, has been derived from petrochemicals which has been a major source of environmental pollution and has drawn a limit at various applications. Tis datum highlights the dire need of bio-based materials, for their nontoxic, eco-friendly, economical, and renewable behavior. To counter the pollution factor associated with petrochemical-derived epoxies, various epoxidation strategies on bio-based materials have been reported with designed reagents (catalyst, acid, enzyme, or metal). Tis review has been compiled for latest progressions in epoxidation approaches of bio-based materials, considering them as potentially ecofriendly green replacements of petrochemical resources. It has a lot of information of usage of bio-waste and their property. Te thermal and photocuring discussed with the diferent techniques. In thermal technique hardening agent which gave epoxy the defnite structure and in photocuring PI agent used for curing and making them polymer but they showed crucial efect on environment. After that other bio-based epoxidation (BBEP) strategical techniques introduced such as hypochlorination (most primitive technique at small scale and gave 93% selectivity with minimum by-products), homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, chemoenzymatic method, and metal catalyzed reactions have been compared in this review based on chemistry involved in epoxidation reaction. Tis article summarizes a large number of precursors, reagents, and reaction conditions for a wide variety of end products and applications, allowing the reader to see experimental alternatives and their potential benefts in a single place.

2025

The present study was conducted to investigate the induced spawning of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Rohu (Labeo rohita) from April to June 2013 at Carp Fish Hatchery Char Banda District Mardan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The weight of brooder fishes was calculated between 2 kg to 4 kg. The fish response was compared between PGE and synthetic Ovaprim. The standard dose for both PGE and synthetic Ovaprim was injected to each brooder and the ovulation period was noted. The PGE response in Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was recorded with an average fertilization rate of 53.36 % and in Rohu (Labeo rohita) a fertilization rate of 75 %, respectively. The fertilization rate of Ovaprim in all fishes remained the same as 86.3%. This study revealed that the synthetic Ovaprim response is more effective as compared to PGE.

2025, Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research

This study was conducted in Tanore upazila (sub district) of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh for a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019. Investigation was carried into the economics of polyculture of Indian major carps with small indigenous fish species (SIS) Shing (H. fossilis), Magur (C. batrachus), and Pabda (O. pabda). The species composition was carps with shing (T 1 ), carps with Magur (T 2 ), carps with Pabda (T 3 ) and only carps (T 4 ). The economic feasibility of four different combinations was analyzed on the basis of the expenditure incurred and total return from sale price of fish in the local market. The net benefits per hectare from 6 months culture period for T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 were Bangladesh currency (Taka) as BDT.