Computer Aided Design Applications Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

This paper presents a computational geometric solution to the kinematic registration problem using computational line geometry. Kinematic registration involves computation of the screw parameters of a motion from specified positions of geometric features of the moving body. The problem is formulated using a special complex of lines associated with kinematics namely the bisecting linear line complex. In this fashion the problem is reduced to an approximation problem in the line space and a slightly modified version of the line approximation method developed by Pottmann, Peternell, and Ravani (1999) is used to find the solution.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

We have been involved in research work in the field of finite element analysis (FEA) integration with computer aided design (CAD) for several years and have developed several concepts and tools that have aroused interest and shown efficiency. In the meantime, both the evolution of our research developments (on topics like geometry comparison, geometry reconstruction and simplification, mixed-dimensional analysis and topology optimization) and the evolution of CAD systems and CAD kernels made us reconsider our database organization. This led to the design of an original development environment and database organization referred to as the Unified Topological Model (UTM). The main interests of this new CAD/FEA database organization is its ability to tackle multi-platform CAD/FEA integration (handling geometries coming from different CAD kernels), mixed-dimensional modeling and analysis (3D solid geometry mixed and integrated with surface geometry and curvilinear geometry) and topology optimization (TO) procedures. The paper presents the structure of this new research development environment and the original concepts underlying it. The UTM environment is strongly designed around object-oriented computer programming concepts and it is focused towards generality, modularity and ability to evolve. The paper also briefly presents some of the most important features and algorithms that have been integrated, at this point, into the UTM environment.

2025

for being there on thesis committee and also for their helpful advice and comments on this project. Finally, my deepest thanks to my parents for all the support, encouragement and love they have given me.

2025, Computer-aided Design and Applications

While machining width is an important factor of the machining time of freeform surface finishing operations, in reality the kinematic capability of the machine tool is usually the bottleneck of achieving higher feed speed and optimal machining time. The purpose of this paper is to conveniently (and approximately) determine the optimal cut direction considering the speed kinematic capability of the machine tool, without having to compute the actual tool path. We propose a mathematical instrument, called Machine Kinematic Metric (MKM), to easily evaluate infinitesimal machining time on a freeform surface based on machine kinematic consideration. It's a tensor field similar to the metric tensor in differential geometry. MKM is integrated over the part surface to approximate the cut-direction-dependent total machining time, and used to determine the optimal cut direction that minimizes the machining time. To validate the accuracy of the prediction using MKM, we apply the method and compute the machining time at every direction with one degree apart and derive the optimal cut-direction. The computation is performed on two examples: a simple freeform surface and a complex die face model. We then use a commercial CNC emulator software from Huazhong CNC to precisely simulate the machining time in distributed cut directions (five degree apart) for the two models. We find that the optimal cut direction determined from CNC simulation is consistent with the prediction from the proposed method. It validates that the proposed method is a convenient and economical tool to approximately determine the optimal cut direction based on machine speed kinematic capability.

2025, Computer-aided Design and Applications

Impact of decisions in the design process is initially high and declines as the design matures. However, few computational tools are available for the early design phase, thus an opportunity exists to create such tools. New technology opens up new possibilities to create new and novel computational tools. In this work an existing application is adapted for a new novel 3D input device that is named the Leap Motion controller. The controller allows the user to interact with 3D objects on the screen by using fingers and hands. The of result of this work is a conceptual design application which enables very direct manipulation of 3D objects on the screen, which has not before been achieved for this type of application in 3D. An improved human-computer interaction can potentially improve the users understanding of the structural behavior of a model, cognitive engagement in the design task, and encourage further design exploration. Three different cases are implemented which aims to enable the user to explore different design options with emphasis on geometrical form, as this has the greatest potential to improve the structural performance. The case studies demonstrate new potential for building engineering intuition and improving design space exploration through very direct manipulation in 3D.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

Tolerance is an almost ubiquitous concern during the whole product life cycle, and its management is imperative for seamless integration of CAD and CAM. In this paper, how to interpret tolerance semantics based on a mathematical definition of tolerance is presented. First, the tolerance zone is divided into three types according to four basic attributes: size, form, position, and orientation. The key to representing tolerance semantics exactly is to determine the position and orientation of the tolerance zone. Then, based on variations in degrees of freedom (DOF), the algebraic constraint equations for the tolerance zone boundary and variational features are deduced systematically, leading to an exact and complete interpretation of the tolerance semantics. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the rationality of the proposed method.

2025, ArXiv

We introduce a normal-based bas-relief generation and stylization method which is motivated by the recent advancement in this topic. Creating bas-relief from normal images has successfully facilitated bas-relief modeling in image space. However, the use of normal images in previous work is often restricted to certain type of operations only. This paper is intended to extend normal-based methods and construct bas-reliefs from normal images in a versatile way. Our method can not only generate a new normal image by combining various frequencies of existing normal images and details transferring, but also build bas-reliefs from a single RGB image and its edge-based sketch image. In addition, we introduce an auxiliary function to represent a smooth base surface and generate a layered global shape. To integrate above considerations into our framework, we formulate the bas- relief generation as a variational problem which can be solved by a screened Poisson equation. Some advantages of our...

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

Many studies have demonstrated that spatial ability is an important factor in the study of Industrial Engineering. Spatial ability is fundamentally important to the work of an engineer, as it is vital for project design. Among other elements, spatial ability correlates with factors such as good academic results and a natural ability to learn how to use I.T systems and computer programs. Furthermore, the new framework drawn up by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) guides us as to the definition and measurement of the aforementioned competencies, among them spatial ability. In this paper we will consider the improvement of spatial ability through the use of 3D solid modeling software. Our study was undertaken with 812 students of first year Industrial Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. The evolution of the scores they obtained on the Differential Aptitude Test -Spatial Relations Subset (DAT-MR.) and the Mental Rotation Test (MRT) were analyzed both before and after taking a module on computer aided design. This study attempts to develop a model which will allow us to evaluate the spatial ability (SA) of engineering students studying the first year module "Graphic Expression and Computer-Aided design".

2025, Computer-aided Design and Applications

Spinal deformity is a disease that causes a three-dimensional deformation of the spinal column. When it worsens, surgery is required to screw correction rods to the spinal column. However, the surgery requires intraoperative rod bending work, which burdens the patients and causes unexpected rod breakage inside the body. Therefore, "pre-bent" rods comprising several rods with standardized shapes have been proposed to solve these problems. When designing pre-bent rods, knowing the number of rods to be prepared and the kinds of shapes required is essential. In this paper, we propose a geometric processing technique to identify an optimal set of these standardized pre-bent rod shapes for surgeries on adult spinal deformity and describe the similarity evaluation among existing rod shapes using CT scan, medial axis extraction, and iterative closest point algorithm. Moreover, we present the derivation of standardized rod shapes using hierarchical cluster analysis and the best fit of the B-spline curve to each cluster. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of prebent rod shapes derived from CT scans of 26 existing rods of 13 patients.

2025, Journal of Computer-aided Molecular Design

Modern CAD systems generate feature-based product shape models with parameterization and constraints. Until recently, standards for CAD data exchange among different CAD systems were restricted to the exchange of pure shape information. These standards ignored the construction history, parameters, constraints, features and other elements of 'design intent' present in the model to be transferred. This paper suggests an implementational foundation for CAD data exchange with preservation of design intent, based on the use of newly published parts of the International Standard ISO 10303 (STEP). Case studies are presented which employ a hypothetical STEP application protocol (AP) using Parts 55, 108 and 111 of ISO 10303. A prototype translator based on this AP has been implemented and tested. The paper reports on the experience gained in 'intelligent' data exchange.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

2025, Computer-aided Design and Applications

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

The surfaces of automobile interior parts have geometrically microfabricated, which are called grain. The purpose of our research is to mill dies with grain by use of their digital data. We generate microfabricated geometry data from a CAD model of a die with displacement mapping. With these geometry data, the die with grain is manufactured by milling. Our proposed method does not need chemicals, elaborated human skills or long time experiences, and can easily control grain mapping and the depth of grain milling.

2025, CAD'20

In this paper we introduce a novel algebraic filter, based on algebraic topology methods, to extract and smooth the boundary surface of any subset of voxels arising from the segmentation of a 3D medical image. The input of the Linear Algebraic Representation (lar) Surface extraction filter (lar-surf) is defined as a chain, i.e., an element of a linear space of chains here subsets of voxels represented in coordinates as a sparse binary vector. The output is produced by a linear mapping between spaces of 3-and 2-chains, given by the boundary operator ∂ 3 : C 3 → C 2 . The only data structures used in this approach are sparse arrays with one or two indices, i.e., sparse vectors and sparse matrices. This work is based on lar algebraic methods and is implemented in Julia language, natively supporting parallel computing on hybrid hardware architectures.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

Nowadays the rehabilitation process involves the patient and the therapist, that must interact to recover the motion of limbs and the strength of related muscles to restore the initial functionalities. The therapy relies on the experience and sensitivity of the therapist that identifies the rehabilitation exercises which are necessary to recover the expected ability. To prevent inappropriate practices an interesting aid may come by mixing collaborative robots, namely Cobots, and additive manufacturing technologies. The proper integration of a Cobot assistant and custom-printed training objects enables a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the therapy action and the related user experience since the programmed trajectories can mimic the movements related to activities of daily living. To this aim, this work describes an integrated approach to support the design of Cobot assisted rehabilitative solutions. The object selected by the patient and therapist, the motion pattern, the clamping area, and loads on the limb represents the design requirements. The motion trajectories defining the specific training tasks are the starting point to the optimal placement within the Cobot workspace. Specifically, manipulability maps can provide an objective evaluation of the locations where the exercises are performed at the best of workspace and configuration of the Cobot. A simple upper limb rehabilitation exercise based on a demonstrative handle has been selected to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results confirm that the manipulability index can be adopted to drive the preliminary design of the Cobotic solution toward a feasible configuration.

2025, Citeseer

Constraint hierarchies have been proposed to solve over-constrained systems of constraints by specifying constraints with hierarchical preferences. They are widely used in HCLP, CIP and graphical user interfaces. A declarative expression... more

2025

The current work presents a novel method which facilitates easy comparison of Gaussian curvature for a freeform surface created using reverse engineering technique with the CAD model. An compare pixel level encoded color of Gaussi model to give percentage curvature deviation. A case study for comparison of CAD model with uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) model created from the point cloud o presented. This method manifests the simple algorithm suited for estimating approximate deviations of curvature in comparative studies and can also be extended to compare zebra curvature analysis.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

CAD tools are becoming increasingly powerful today. They provide users with more efficiency and improve the overall performance of design activities. CAD software publishers include specific tools that are dedicated to knowledge management in order to achieve this design performance and significant savings. The use of these tools and certain functions is nevertheless context-oriented. A decisional model for the use of knowledgeware has therefore been developed here, and the application of knowledgeware in different industrial cases is discussed.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

This study applied the concept of closed chain exercise to WaterBall, which combines rehabilitation exercises with a digital game. By using WaterBall, the elderly can enjoy the benefits of both entertainment and rehabilitation. In addition, WaterBall provides multi-touch control, is easy to use, and have the potential to improve physical activity in older adults The elderly can play the game intuitively. WaterBall Exergaming was used by 52 residents of an elderly community, and they reported that WaterBall offers exercise and fitness, enhances the efficiency of exercises, and provides entertainment and interaction.

2025, … Design Education Beyond 2000-Proceedings of …

There seems to be a need for clarification on a number of issues that are seminal for the design community: for example, the constructs of invention, of creativity and of innovation (or innovative) appear to be used interchangeably. They... more

2025, Computer-aided Design and Applications

Support taking through bracing or leaning while performing manual tasks is known to enhance the capability of the operator. However, simulation of this natural and biomechanically signicant behaviour in a DHM environment is either not possible or calls for signicant expertise and planning on the part of the simulation engineer. While manual simulation is time-consuming and error-prone, an algorithmic procedure is expected to enhance eciency and versatility in the simulation of diverse work environments and what-if scenarios. This paper presents a computational method for determining the location of and reaction at a support point on a given surface that is most advantageous for performing a task. The method also evaluates dierent possible support combinations and the associated optimal postures for performing a given task. The method is illustrated through one-handed reach and supported sitting tasks. Given the task and the environment, the simulation is performed without the need for any user intervention.

2025, MSc Thesis (research results)

This work focuses on the effect of controlling tool engagement angle (TEA) on the surface quality of resultant parts machined by end milling process. An Aluminum alloy 7075 workpiece has been dry machined on 3 axis CNC end milling machine. The machining process has been accomplished by using two types of tool-paths techniques, one by contour parallel tool-path (CPO), and the second by using TRUEMILL technique. A comparison between the two techniques has been made focusing on surface roughness. The results confirm that Surface quality improved by controlling (TEA) through TRUEMILL technique.

2025, J. of Engineering and Technology

This paper reviews the graphical tools available for checking the quality
of CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design / Manufacture) surface models (BSpline form). It is possible to use these methods by design and
manufacture engineers to visually assess the quality of sculptured
surfaces and perform the tool path of CAM system. This paper highlights
the role of 3D surface curvature analysis in the field of CAD/CAM of
sculptured surfaces.

2025, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

2025, Proceedings of CAD'19

2024, Computer-aided Design and Applications

With the increased use of light-emitting diode technology, the design freedom of taillight shapes has improved, and the shape design of taillights has become a major design focus and breakthrough point for new energy vehicles. As traditional taillight shape design normally depends on the individual experience of designers who make considerable effort to capture design inspiration by manually searching for design references, taillight shape creative design in the field of computer-aided design is studied to assist designers' creative thinking and design efficiency. In this research, generative adversarial networks are applied to explore the creative generation mechanism of taillight shape designs. First, a dataset of high-quality vehicle taillight shape images is established, which combines safety and aesthetic taillight shape design rules and insights. Then, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks and progressive growing of generative adversarial networks are both introduced to train and construct the taillight shape generative design model, and the commonalities and differences between the two are further compared. Finally, the optimal creative generation design model of the taillight shape is constructed. This research provides a new idea for taillight shape design, and the constructed taillight shape creative generation design model is helpful in realizing efficient, diversified and innovative taillight shape design and provides designers with rapid and sustainable preliminary design proposals and creative inspiration support.

2024

With the restriction of the diameter and feed direction of the cutting tool in milling process, electric discharge machining (EDM) is the only effective machining technology for the uncut regions with internal sharp corner. Automatic design of the electrode is of great significance for the CAD/CAM integration of EDM technology. In current CAD/CAM system the electrode design is done manually by technologists based on experience and knowledge. The procedure is tedious and timeconsuming. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to automatically generate the electrode CAD model taking the topological vertices of uncut region as the hint. The hint feature points are innovatively defined and classified into three types: internal-sharp points, cutting-into points and interacting points. Based on this, our approach firstly determines the faces and the type of uncut region. Secondly, the interacting region is decomposed into the isolated region by reconstructing the topological structure, patching the split face and partitioning the shared face. Thirdly, the modeling parameters are extracted from the isolated region. Finally, the electrode CAD model is created by executing a set of generic modeling operations. The electrode CAD model can be directly used in the process planning, so as to promote the integration of CAD and CAM.

2024, Computer-aided Design and Applications

The process of motorcycle seat styling is a grey system with partially known and partially unknown information and is influenced by various factors. In this study, Grey Modelling (GM)(1,1) is used to predict the style of a motorcycle seat, and the shape features of the seat are extracted via morphological analysis and are parameterized. The process of shape evolution is established, and the modelling characteristics are predicted by GM(1,1). The kansei study is performed using five adjectives describing the seat styles to establish the equation of kansei regression analysis. The regression analysis is employed to modify predictive modelling. A certain brand of motorcycle seats is modelled to analyse and verify the feasibility and scientific applicability of adopting GM(1,1) in predicting motorcycle seat styling, which provided a feasible and effective reference for the motorcycle seat design.

2024, Computer-aided Design and Applications

2024, CAD'23

The challenges posed by flexible limp fabric material handling within automated manufacturing processes are addressed in this paper. With lightweight materials, particularly fiber composites, gaining prominence across industries, the need for effective and precise fabric placements is deemed crucial. Traditional gripping methods are often found to be lacking in addressing the complexities of fabric draping, necessitating innovative solutions. The deformable, delicate, and complex nature of fabric materials, combined with intricate mold surface geometries, presents significant hurdles for achieving wrinkle-free, accurate placements. To overcome these challenges, a compliant gripper approach is proposed. Associating surface geometry analysis with gripper design, the study aims to enhance the efficiency, precision, and adaptability of fabric placement in automated manufacturing settings. The study exploits the deformable robotic gripper concepts. Compliant mechanisms include variants inspired by the Miura-fold origami approach. The facet-based representation and data processing technique used for a mold's surface allows for associations between the design parameters of the compliant grippers and the mold surface geometry. Design guidelines encompass considerations related to geometry, structural integration, surface friction enhancement, and material selection to provide a baseline framework for the interactive design of compliant grippers. Case studies highlight the merits of the approach for different surface geometries and show the potential for compliant mechanisms being employed in flexible component automation.

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

Junction structures and rib constructions are utilized in various applications such as lightweight designs. As well as geometric challenges, using directed energy deposition metal additive manufacturing techniques to build intersections and junctions has the risk of having hydrostatic residual stress that can cause distortion or failure in the component. In this research, the residual stresses were measured computationally via a calibrated finite element analysis model for several junction structures, which the junction stresses evaluated as a function of deposition direction and order of operations. The path strategy significantly affects the mechanical and tensile properties of the junctions. This research needs to be extended to evaluate junctions for multi-layer scenarios.

2024, CAD'17

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

Clamshell casting is a popular manufacturing technique where liquid is poured into a mold or cast and the cast is removed once the liquid has hardened. The term clamshell refers to the way in which the cast is removed. The two cast parts are removed by rotation through a hinge much like a clamshell. Given an object, modeled by a polyhedron P of arbitrary genus with combinatorial complexity n , we determine when the surface of the polyhedron can be decomposed into two parts s.t. each part can be rotated around a line in space without colliding with each other or intersecting the interior. Such a line is a valid casting line. Specifically, we solve the following problems: (1) Given a line l in space, we determine in () O n time whether l is a valid casting line for P. If degeneracies are present, such as a reflex edge or face of P is perpendicular to l , the running time increases slightly to (log) O n n. (2) In 4 (()) α O n n time, where () α n is the inverse Ackermann function, we report all combinatorially distinct valid casting lines. The running time is 4 (log) O n n in the presence of degeneracies. All of the running times are shown to be almost optimal.

2024

The work presented in this paper is about comparison and analysis of four different reconstruction methods applicable to MR images. Two of them are based on the marching cube algorithm and the other two are contour based algorithms. We describe the studied reconstruction methods and compare their results. The comparative study examined, allows to establish similarity, equivalence, or distinctness between the four methods. We show that the various reconstruction methods produce different 3D models and each one has its own advantages and limitations.

2024, Citeseer

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

It is well known fact that molar tooth of human being faces different loading conditions. In this paper a general model is made in Pro-Engineer to carry out analysis of second premolar tooth of human using Finite Element Analysis(FEA). Also the effect of breaking hard objects like walnut on teeth and stress distribution under this loading condition is considered. This analysis has been carried out seamlessly between CAD and FEA. As the stress distribution is an important factor for many types of dental treatments, including designing dental implants, applying restoration etc., the results of this paper will help in understanding the way in which stresses are distributed in dental structures.

2024

The authors are investigating procedures, which can be used to assess service difficulties and costs at the early stages of product design. A central part of this work is generation of required disassembly sequences for identified service or repair items or for recycling at the end of product life. This paper describes a model of assemblies/disassemblies, which has been developed for this purpose with the associated search algorithms. To facilitate the required search procedures, the concept of a disassembly diagram was introduced. The relationships between this diagram, the assembly model and the search procedures are illustrated in the paper by a simple example.

2024, ILIS Journal of Librarianship and Informatics

The study attempts a mapping of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research productivity in India from 2014 to 2023 by quantitatively analysing the publications covered in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Artificial intelligence is a fast-evolving topic that involves the creation and implementation of computational systems that mimic human intelligence, hence fostering innovation in a variety of domains. For the period covered in the study, the WoS indexes 5844 papers, the most productive year is 2023, with 1823 publications. The mean of total citations per year varies from 2.27 to 7.63, the highest value corresponds to the year 2021. For the top ranking 10 authors, their h=index is in the range of 21 to 24, g-index 29 to 55 and m-index 2.4 to 5.5. The study also identified the top ranking institutions contributing to AI research in India and the most preferred sources carrying the papers.

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

2024, Computer-aided Design and Applications

Extracting wireframes from 3D meshes is a challenging problem. Existing methods are typically based on analyzing local shape properties, such as surface curvatures and angles between faces, which are generally sensitive to small features in the model and the complexity of the object. In this work, we propose a wireframe extraction method based on a geometric approximation of 3D meshes. Our idea is to utilize a well-established variational geometric partitioning method to derive a complete set of descriptive feature curves. The advantage of this strategy is that a reliable feature ltering mechanism can be inherently incorporated into the geometric approximation step, giving rise to descriptive wireframes that capture global structures of the 3D meshes. We experimented on various meshes. The results demonstrated that our method is superior to existing approaches in terms of the correctness and completeness of the extracted feature curves.

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Bio-Medical Imaging (BMI) is currently confronted to data issues similar to those of the manufacturing industry twenty years ago. In particular, the need for data sharing and reuse has never been so strong to foster major discoveries in neuroimaging. Some data management systems have been developed to meet the requirements of BMI large-scale research studies. However, many efforts to integrate the data provenance along a research study, from the specifications to the published results, are to be done. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems are designed to comply with manufacturing industry expectations of providing the right information at the right time and in the right context. Consequently PLM systems are proposed to be relevant for the management of BMI data. From a need analysis led with the GIN research group, the BMI-LM data model is designed: it is PLM-oriented, generic (enabling the management of many types of data such as imaging, clinical, psychology or genetics), flexible (enabling users' customisation) and it covers the whole stages of a BMI study from specifications to publication. The test implementation of the BMI-LM model into a PLM system is detailed. The preliminary feedback of the GIN researchers is discussed in this paper: the BMI-LM data model and the PLM concepts are relevant to manage BMI data, but PLM systems interfaces are unsuitable for BMI researchers.

2024

PLM systems have emerged as effective solutions to handle the complexity, heterogeneity and quickly increasing of data. However, the complex dependencies among heterogeneous data is still a big issue to overcome. Querying this type of database is difficult for non-technician users of system. Based on some knowledge sharing techniques, the ontology-based query interface presented in this paper is expected as a good solution to simplify the database interrogation and to enhance the knowledge sharing among users. A query example in PLM domain will be used to illustrate capacities of this interface.

2024, Procedia Manufacturing

Build orientation and deposition direction are two important AM process parameters which are determined at the pre-processing stage of AM. Carefully determined build direction and deposition direction can significantly improve the process and fabrication attributes. Either build direction or deposition direction is usually optimized independently considering one or multiple attributes. Such approach undermines the hierarchical relationship in the AM process plan and may produce suboptimal solution. Besides, both build direction and deposition direction alter the layer topology and tool-path pattern which eventually determine the process and part attributes. But, the geometry is not taken into consideration while determining the build and deposition orientation. In this paper, an integrated framework is proposed to concurrently determine the optimum build orientation and toolpath/deposition direction using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed methodology is designed on the basis of the layer geometries and the resulting part attributes to ensure manufacturability and minimize fabrication complexity for parts in AM processes. The proposed algorithm is implemented on two free form shaped objects and the process converges within a reasonable number of iterations.

2024, Computer-Aided Design and Applications

2024, Guidelines for a Decision Support Method Adapted to NPD Processes

This paper presents a methodology for the conceptual design synthesis and subsequent automated structural analysis of the material topology in composite structures. The long-term goal of this approach is to obtain a conceptual design language which is able to generate a multitude of composite structure topologies along with an automated analysis. The design language constitutes a graphgrammar based synthesis approach, which is well adapted to the topological layout problems. Ultimately, by integrating the design language and the analysis processes into one design loop, the presented approach shall lead to an optimization tool which yields topologically and functionally optimized composite structure designs. First layouts and analysis' of composite laminate structures which were generated using this approach shall be presented in this work, along with a brief description of how the methodology is currently applied to model existing structures and to generate new design topologies.

2024, Machining of Complex Sculptured Surfaces

This chapter covers the various free-form surface flank milling strategies available, focusing in particular on those for ruled surfaces as widely used in defining turbomachine parts. All these positionings seek to reduce interference between the cutting tool and the surface to be milled so as to respect the tolerances dictated by the Design Office. The range of strategies presented goes from the simplest, using analytical positioning on a particular rule, through to complex procedures defined using global numerical methods that calculate the toolpath in its entirety. Approaches adapted to conical and half-barrel cutter geometries are also addressed. Machining of free-form surfaces is considered from two differing perspectives: either considering a free-form surface to be a set of ruled surfaces onto which the previously mentioned methods are applied, or studying the differential geometry of the cutters and surfaces.