Constructed Languages Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

This paper introduces Latent-1, a visionary framework for building a universal vector space that enables two transformative capabilities: (1) the discovery of super-metaphors-deep, cross-modal semantic patterns that link diverse modalities such as text, images, smells, and neural activation patterns; and (2) a shared interlanguage that allows smaller, specialized AIs to communicate through a common embedding space. Unlike current neural architectures, including language models and multimodal systems like CLIP or Flamingo, which operate within modality-specific latent spaces and generate outputs based on surface-aligned patterns, Latent-1 encodes a shared semantic geometry across all structured data. Inspired by the Platonic Representation Hypothesis, it assumes that all meaningful input-linguistic, sensory, or symbolic-can be tokenized and embedded in a unified high-dimensional space. Massive systems will query Latent-1 natively for complex discovery, while smaller models use translation protocols to engage with each other and the Latent-1 native system via vector-sharing. The paper outlines Latent-1's architecture, including a scale sufficiently large to encode a significant portion of humanity's collective knowledge and sensory experience (100-quadrillionparameters or larger), iterative snapshot growth, novel data integration (e.g., digitized olfaction), and safeguards for privacy, poisoning, and intellectual property. It proposes treating Latent-1 as a global semantic infrastructure, governed ethically and collaboratively. Latent-1 is not merely a model, but a metalanguage of patterns-a new substrate for machine collaboration and human-AI synergy, enabling the pursuit of deeper discovery and collective understanding.

2025, Teaching Mathematics and Computer Science

The study investigated teachers' communication skills in relation to students' classroom engagement in mathematics learning. The study area is Makurdi Local Government Area in Benue State, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 34 teachers and 204 students were drawn from twenty schools. Two researcher-structured instruments were used for data collection: Mathematics Teacher's Communication Skills Questionnaire (MTCSQ) and Students' Engagement in Mathematics Questionnaire (SEMQ). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and independent t-tests were used to address the research questions and test the hypotheses. It was found that there is significant difference among the mean ratings on behavioural, and emotional engagements of students in mathematics classes taught by teachers with poor, fair, and good communication skills. There is no significant difference among the mean ratings on combined and cognitive engagements of students in mathematics classes taught by teachers with poor, fair, and good communication skills. Equally found was that the differences between male and female students' mean engagement in mathematics for poor, fair, and good communication skill classes were not statistically significant. It was then recommended that teacher communication skills should be fashioned in ways to accommodate and strengthen each component of students' engagement.

2025, Lucinicio, G. S. S. (2025). An Tagala Mora: Espesyala Bersyon. Zenodo.

Special version of linguistic conceptual framework of Tagalog moraic transformation.

2025, Lucinicio, G. S. S. (2025). An Tagala Mora V2. Zenodo.

Added in Version 2:

R-Conversion Principle
G-Dropping Principle
Integration Method
Renewed End Bridge Mora
New demonstrations.

2025, Conferința GDINI Târgu Mureș

In this critical essay I have been trying to summarize the corpus of essays, written by the famous British novelist George Orwell, well known for his anticomunist dystopias Nineteen Eighty Four and Animal Farm. This approach is based on the Linguist s theory of wooden language, therefore I have given the definition of this communist phenomenon. Another important issue is that of the influence of Evgheny Zamiatin dystopia We over 1984 novel written by George Orwell. The most important traits of Political Language had been researched by Rodica Zafiu, famous Romanian linguist and Ruxandra Cesereanu. This article contains the main treats of Political Language as they were defined by Orwell in Politics and the English Language.

2025, Transilvania

This paper complements previous research on the impact of Jonathan Swift’s work on the Romanian literary culture (Bogdan, 1958; Mudure, 2005). It documents and analyses the transition of Gulliver’s Travels to the Romanian children’s literature shelf by looking into the translations, translated adaptations, Romanian adaptations, rewritings, and sequels, published over the twentieth century. The results reveal that the best translations, rewritings, and adaptations were published in the decades following WWII, while the last decade of the century is marked by little to no editorial attention to the versions of the Swiftian novel that were published as children’s literature.

2025, Change in A Priori Artificial Languages

Handout and (rough) script for paper given at the International Conference on Historical Linguistics

2025, Res Philosophica

Fictional discourse and fictional languages provide useful test cases for theories of meaning. In this paper, we argue against truth-conditional accounts of meaning on the basis of problems posed by language(s) of fiction. It is well-known how fictional discoursediscourse about non-existent objects poses a problem for truth-conditional theories of meaning. Less well-considered, however, are the problems posed by fictional languages, which can be created to either be meaningful or not to be meaningful; both of these ultimately also provide problems for a truth-conditional account of meaning, because it cannot account for the ways in which we use and evaluate such fictional languages. Instead, a pragmatic or use-based account provides a better explanation for some of the phenomena we dicsuss.

2025

Des limites à dépasser

2025

Valutazione in Silico attività Tossicologica dell' Epigallocatechingallato EGCG

2025

Uwagę zwraca -przede wszystkim jako dokument stanu świadomości i poczucia wspólnoty twórców -szkic Kilkunastu Hamletów, poświęcony fantastyce socjologicznej. prof. zw. dr hab. Elżbiecie Feliksiak. Dziękuję również recenzentom -prof. dr. hab. Antoniemu Smuszkiewiczowi oraz prof. dr. hab. Adamowi Kulawikowi -za wnikliwe uwagi, które okazały się pomocne podczas pracy nad książką.

2025, Creating Words that Work: Vocabulary Design in Artificial Auxiliary Languages

Slides for presentation at the Linguists Collective Conference and Celebration of International Mother Language Day 2025

2025

This paper analyzes key aspects of the gaming industry, focusing on the intersection of game development research, localization, and production. By examining guest lectures from Henrik Engström, Marcus Toftedahl, and Vigfus Omarsson, this research highlights the divide between academic frameworks and the iterative nature of the gaming industry, the importance of cultural adaptation in game localization, and the operational challenges of live service games. Engström’s insights reveal the gap between academia and industry, with the latter thriving on rapid prototyping and real-time feedback, while academia adheres to more rigid structures. Toftedahl emphasizes the need for early and thorough localization to enhance the global appeal of games, advocating for cultural adaptation over mere translation. Omarsson discusses the challenges faced by live service games, such as maintaining player engagement through micro-transactions and constant updates, and the operational demands of these games. The paper argues that interdisciplinary collaboration between academia and the gaming industry could bridge existing gaps and improve both academic research and practical industry applications. Through thematic analysis of these perspectives and supporting empirical research, this paper provides a comprehensive view of the complex dynamics driving the gaming industry today and offers insights into its future evolution.

2025

Volapük war eine konstruierte Sprache für die internationale Kommunikation, die in Deutschland und vielen weiteren Staaten des späten 19. Jahrhunderts eine gewisse Popularität erlangte: Lehrwerke wurden gedruckt, Hymnen gesungen und Dampfschiffe im Namen des Volapük getauft. Der Vortrag vertieft die kurze, aber durchaus farbige Geschichte der um das Volapük entstehenden frühen plansprachlichen Bewegung. Diese verdeutlicht, wie in einer Ära zunehmender internationaler Vernetzung die Gestaltung von Weltbeziehungen auch als Gestaltbarkeit von Sprache diskutiert werden konnte.

2025

The study assessed impact of digital technologies on physics education students' performance of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. To achieve this, four research objectives, four research questions and one research hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. A simple survey design was adopted in the study. The population of study will consist of the four (4) difference level (100, 200, 300 and 400) from

2025, Journal of Latin Linguistics

This article discusses discontinuity of the noun phrase, i.e. the separation of adjectival, genitival, or other modifiers from their head noun in Latin legal texts from the Republican period. Despite the common view that discontinuity, often termed 'hyperbaton', is a stylistic device, the study shows that discontinuity is also found in legal texts. Discontinuity mainly occurs with relative and indefinite pronouns as well as with genitival modifiers, and it is pragmatically motivated. Additionally, noun and prepositional phrases are regularly split by the enclitic coordinators-que 'and' and-ve 'or' in legal texts.

2025, Cosmoglotta

Un articul pri li historie del litteratura in Interlingue (Occidental).

2024, Language and History

This article focuses on the translation of selected segments from the Qur’an into the auxiliary ‘world language’ Volapük that was published by Johann Martin Schleyer, the inventor of the language, in Constance, Germany, in 1890. I investigate the place of this translation within Schleyer’s vision of creating a world language, and use it as a case study through which to explore the ways that literature was framed and recreated within the relatively short-lived endeavour to promote Volapük as the new universal language. Analysing the impact that Schleyer’s German Catholic background had on his presentation of the Qur’an, this article sheds light on the provincialism of this specific brand of nineteenth-century European universalism that sparked the construction of Volapük, especially when contrasted with a later project of translating the Qur’an into Esperanto. These findings will allow us to situate the Volapük translation of the Qur’an within the broader field of Qur’an translations that have primarily emerged from language activism, as opposed to a missionary or academic engagement with the Qur’an.

2024

We present FuturLang, a novel approach to formal verification that preserves natural language structure while enabling rigorous mathematical verification. Building on Leibniz's vision of a characteristica universalis and modern developments in theorem proving, we develop a language that combines the accessibility of natural language with the precision of formal systems. Unlike previous attempts such as Lojban which require learning new vocabulary, or theorem provers like Coq/Lean/Agda which demand expertise in formal notation, FuturLang allows proofs to be written in a form that is both human-readable and machine-verifiable. We demonstrate its effectiveness through classical mathematical proofs and show how it can serve as an interchange format between natural language and formal verification systems. Furthermore, we explore its potential applications in automated reasoning, mathematical education, and human-AI collaboration.

2024

This article 1 examines the pronunciation that Benjamin Kantor, author of A Short Guide to the Pronunciation of New Testament Greek (Guide), 2 recommends for New Testament Greek. His recommendation is a pronunciation system based on the way Greek was supposedly pronounced in the Judeo-Palestinian region during New Testament times. Kantor calls this pronunciation, "Historical Koine Greek Pronunciation" (xiv). Notably, however, at the end of his Guide, Kantor recommends as well the Neohellenic (Modern Greek) pronunciation for New Testament Greek (121). In fact, Kantor equates the Judeo-Palestinian-based Historical Koine Greek Pronunciation with the Neohellenic pronunciation in terms of benefits to the learner (121-122). Thus, according to Kantor, learners of New Testament Greek can be recipients of the same benefits whether they use Kantor's Judeo-Palestinian-based pronunciation, or the Neohellenic pronunciation. Let us first see what those benefits are and then assess how they apply to each of the two pronunciation systems. According to Kantor, one of the benefits of using either the historical Judeo-Palestinian-based pronunciation or the Neohellenic pronunciation is that "Koine Greek has been and is regularly recited in Greek Orthodox churches as part of the liturgy to this day." Another benefit, Kantor says, is that "Plenty of Greek scholars regularly publish linguistic work on Classical and Koine Greek (and always have) in Modern Greek." Yet another benefit is that "Anyone using a historical Koine pronunciation system or a Neohellenic (Modern Greek) pronunciation system will have this invaluable resource wide open to them from the very beginning of their Greek study," and that "Their study of Koine or New Testament Greek will offer them a head start, rather than a hindrance, in learning to speak with Greeks." "All in all," Kantor concludes, "using a historical (or Neohellenic) pronunciation of Koine Greek will open up the countless linguistic and cultural resources which will prove invaluable for growing in one's understanding of New Testament Greek and Greek in general." Personally, I feel that in order for one to become a recipient of these benefits, including particularly opportunities to converse with Greeks, he or she must be in Greece, or within an environment that is typically Greek in character; and that under such circumstances, that person would naturally need to adhere to the Neohellenic pronunciation. The question then arises: If the two pronunciation systems Kantor recommends are quite similar, why not keep the Neohellenic pronunciation, since it is directly and clearly associated with each of those benefits, and drop the other? On the flip side, if the two pronunciation systems are substantially different, how could benefits of this nature even be associated with a theoretical Judeo-Palestinian-based pronunciation of Greek? Let us then examine Kantor's Judeo-Palestinian-based historical Koine Greek pronunciation (110-112), and compare it with the Neohellenic pronunciation. In so doing, we will focus on the key differences between the two pronunciation systems.

2024, Compiling a Dictionary of Babm: Problems and Challenges (Paper given in the SSL Seminar Series)

Babm is an artificial auxiliary language designed by Fuishiki Okamoto and presented to the English-speaking public in a 1962 book. It is an a priori artificial language, that is, an artificial language which does not use material from natural languages, as Esperanto does. The vocabulary of Babm was created following the general principle that words with similar meanings should be similar in form, e.g. gafc ‘a cherry’, gafg ‘a pineapple’, gafn ‘a peach’. Most of Okamoto’s book consists of a dictionary, but the words are arranged thematically, and thus it is not easy to look up words in order to understand a text. This talk will describe some (unexpected) difficulties in compiling an alphabetical dictionary of Babm.

2024, TYPE OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES

Constructed languages have different functions. Each Constructed language is created and used for a specific purpose. Constructed languages are therefore divided into certain groups according to their fields. Unlike normal language, Constructed languages are not formed over time in history. It is created for a use case and used as needed. Constructed languages are divided into 5 groups according to their types, and they are directed to productions such as "Society", "Books", "Storing Information", "Scientific Purposes" and "Series, Films". Each Constructed language is very different from each other. Constructed languages differ from each other according to their alphabet, structure and functioning. Constructed languages can be created to communicate with animals, as well as Constructed languages created to bring people together and speak only one language. At the same time, Constructed languages can be created and used in fields such as TV series and movies in terms of difficult to understand but beautiful voice.

2024, Proceedings of ANUPI-COPEI Conference Bringing the World into the ELT Classroom

This research paper presents the process thus far of the creation of a new artificial language Aovrit Mahogick, which is designed to be applied in the artistic field to facilitate communication across different cultures, aid the exchange of knowledge on art history and techniques, and enable artistic collaborations. Aovrit Mahogick is a language system that combines morphological and phonetic elements from more than twenty languages around the globe. For this reason, the language should be easy to learn and relate to by people from different linguistic backgrounds, providing a creative way to share art that transcends language barriers. Data from bilingual/multilingual individuals, and transcription of phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic components were collected. These texts and recorded audios from volunteers speaking in their native languages were transliterated, and the language components analyzed. Aovrit Mahogick has an alphabet, numbers, and 592 commonly spoken words. Here, the process of language creation is discussed, as well as global issues such as aspects of a dominant culture, the advantages of learning a new language, and the adaptation of artificial languages into the arts.

2024, "The Letter X in Artificial Auxiliary Languages" in Froilan D. Mobo and Merve KIDIRYUZ (eds.) EUROASIA Congress on Scientific Research and Recent Trends -VIII Full Text Book, IKSAD Global Publications. pp. 18-22.

In English and some other languages, the letter x is relatively rare and might be seen as exotic. In fact, it does not occur at all, or only in foreign words in some languages, for example, Turkish. On the other hand, there are languages such as French and Somali in which x might be slightly more common, although still not one of the most frequent letters of the alphabet. One might also notice that x can stand for different sounds in different languages, or even in the same language; for example, in English it usually represents [ks], but it can also represent [z]. These are facts about natural languages; the present paper will look at such facts in artificial languages, i.e. languages which have been consciously created, and in particular, artificial languages which were designed to be used for international communication, artificial auxiliary languages. The best known such language is Esperanto. The main questions will be whether x occurs in a language, and, if so, what sound(s) does it represent? Also, although letter frequency statistics do not exist for most artificial auxiliary languages, one might be able to get some idea of the frequency of x by examining whether it occurs in common words and/or affixes. Some artificial auxiliary languages, for example Kah and Uropi, lack x. Other languages, for example Neo, have x in their alphabet and it stands for the sequence of sounds ks. In still other languages, such as Ardano and Atlas, x is pronounced like sh in English. In Latino Moderne x has the same two pronunciations as it does in English. We thus see diversity in the function of this letter in artificial languages, as well as in natural languages.

2024

Features of Language
In the early 1960s, American linguist and anthropologist Charles Francis Hockett developed a framework to analyze what makes human language unique compared to other forms of animal communication. His groundbreaking work, particularly the "design features of language," was published in 1960 and has since been considered a foundational study in linguistics. Hockett proposed 13 key features that characterize human language, setting it apart from the communication systems of other species.
Hockett's design features emphasize that human language is far more complex and adaptable than the communication systems found in animals. While certain features can be observed in primate and other animal communication, Hockett argued that only human language exhibits the full set of features. Among the most significant are productivity, which refers to the ability to generate an infinite number of messages by combining a limited set of elements, and displacement, which allows humans to talk about things that are not immediately present in time and space.

2024

Relatively few studies have been made of the history of the international language Esperanto, although materials for its study are fairly complete. As a linguistic phenomenon, that is, a language in continuous use for almost a century but without national roots, it has also had little systematic study, though a considerable literature cn the subject exists in Esperanto itself. There are now * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDR4. EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *

2024, Meso

Handout for talk on the artificial language Meso; given at the Sydney Language Festival, July 5, 2014.

2024, Giulia Pellegrinotti

The thesis aims to analyse the difficulties encountered in translating constructed languages, taking as an example one of the most successful attempts in literature: the Nadsat language created by Anthony Burgess in his novel A Clockwork Orange. The work initially examines the linguistic characteristics of Nadsat, as well as its social and political implications, in comparison with the homonymous film adaptation by Stanley Kubrick. The next step is a more in-depth analysis of the translations of Yevgeny Sinelschikov and Vladimir Bošnjak into Russian, and Floriana Bossi’s and Marco Rossari’s into Italian, as well as the Italian translation used in the dubbing of Kubrick’s film. Following Amparo Hurtado Albir’s theory about translating neologisms, the work compared methods and solutions adopted by the four translators, identifying in Rossari the most successful outcome, in conveying the sense of strangeness, violence, and inherent infantility of nadsat, while still being sufficiently understandable by readers of the target language. These considerations are followed by an attempt at translating into Italian the incipit of the book, and by a chart in the Appendix which contains all the nadsat lexemes divided according to their morphological category, each associated with the Russian term from which it derives, its equivalent in Standard English, and the translation of Bossi and Rossari. The translations of Bošnjak and Sinelschikov have not been included because it is often impossible to extrapolate a single term to be compared to the original.

2024, The Journal of frailty & aging

2024, Lojban Sample Sentences 1199

This document lists various Lojban sample sentences, possibly as a learning aid or reference.

2024, Dilbilim Dergisi - Journal of Linguistics

Esperanto (1887), insan zihninin düşünsel ve sanatsal bir üretimi olarak tasarlanan yapay bir dil olmasının yanı sıra yapısında barındırdığı kendine özgü özellikler bakımından da araştırmacıların ilgisini üzerine çeken bir araştırma ve inceleme konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışma, dilin varlığını sürdürebilmesi için vazgeçilmez bir konumda bulunan söz yapım yolları arasından türetme yönteminin Esperanto’nun çalışma düzeneği içerisindeki görünümlerini betimlemeli ve karşılaştırmalı olarak irdeleme amacı gütmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Esperanto’nun sözvarlığına yeni sözlükbirim üyeleri katmak için işlettiği sonek ve önek türünden bağımlı biçimbirimler, anlambilgisel ve biçimbilgisel açılardan ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu biçimbirimler, kök/gövde yapılarının kavram alanlarına kazandırdıkları yeni anlamlar ve türetme işlemleri sırasında sergiledikleri davranışsal sınırlılıklar bakımından betimlenmiştir. Dilin sahip olduğu biçimbirimlerin niceliksel boyutu göz önünde bulundurularak yalnızca Wennergren (2005)’te resmî ekler olarak sınıflandırılan biçimbirimler çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Biçimbirimlerin kök/gövde yapılarına işledikleri anlamsal bilgileri etiketlemek için Bagasheva ve ark. (2017)’deki anlamsal ulamlar çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın son aşaması olarak betimlemeli incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular biçimbirimlerin sergiledikleri çokanlamlılık ve eşanlamlılık davranışları bağlamında değerlendirilerek Esperanto’nun doğal diller karşısındaki konumu sorgulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen karşıtsal çözümlemelere dayanarak Esperanto’nun türetme süreçlerinde doğal bir dil gibi davrandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Esperanto, yapay dil, biçimbilim, söz yapım yolları, türetme

2024, Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1

Automated programming assignment grading tools have become integral to CS courses at introductory as well as advanced levels. However such tools have their own custom approaches to setting up assignments and describing how solutions should be tested, requiring instructors to make a significant learning investment to begin using a new tool. In addition, differences between tools mean that initial investment must be repeated when switching tools or adding a new one. Worse still, tool-specific strategies further reduce the ability of educators to share and reuse their assignments. This paper describes an early experiences with PEML, the Programming Exercise Markup Language, which provides an easy to use, instructor friendly approach for writing programming assignments. Unlike tool-oriented data interchange formats, PEML is designed to provide a human friendly authoring format that has been developed to be intuitive, expressive and not be a technological or notational barrier to instructors. We describe the design and implementation of PEML, both as a programming library and also a public-access web microservice that provides full parsing and rendering capabilities for easy integration into any tools or scripting libraries. We also describe experiences using PEML to describe a full range of programming assignments, laboratory exercises, and small coding questions of varying complexity in demonstrating the practicality of the notation. The aim is to develop PEML as a community resource to reduce the barriers to entry for automated assignment tools while widening the scope of programming assignment sharing and reuse across courses and institutions. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computer-assisted instruction; • Social and professional topics → Computing education; • Software and its engineering → Markup languages.

2024, Jurnal Humaniora

Morphologically, Ammya Egyptian Arabic or Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) has specific word patterns. This study is aimed at describing morphological rules of the ECA. The data were obtained through interviews using recording technique with ECA speakers in Cairo and Ismaili. They were analyzed using distributional method, a method of data analysis to connect phenomena in a given language itself. The result indicates that ECA has some word patterns which have diverse manifestations. Such diversity can be seen that V can be filled by the vowels [a], [i] and [u], C can be filled by all consonants in the ECA. In perfective verbs there are verbs patterns with singular first personal pronoun and singular masculine second personal pronoun affixes which can only be distinguished by context. A phenomenon was found that the ECA only has syllables of CV, CVC, CVVC, but not CCV, CCVC.

2024, Viku: An Art Language

Viku is a constructed language, blending primitivism and modernism, with the ambiance of Polynesian and Japanese languages.

2024, International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

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2024, FLSF (Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi)

(***English below***) Yeni Çağ Avrupa’sında Kraliyet Derneği’nin kuruluşuyla birlikte modern bilimin oluşumunu takiben pek çok yapma dil boy göstermiştir. Bu diller, konuşulmakta olan dillerin bilişsel sınırlarını aşmak amacıyla modern... more

2024, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology

This article takes a magazine for Esperanto youth as an entryway to explore the links between language ideologies and censorial practices. During the Cold War, Esperanto print media sought a connection with the Third World to present Esperanto as an alternative to US-led English and USSR-led Russian. With anti-imperialism gaining ground in these magazines, their editors struggled to adhere to the ideology that posits Esperanto as a neutral and international language. Analyzing the editorial work behind the magazine Kontakto, I explore how partly silencing anti-colonial perspectives worked to safeguard Esperanto's neutrality, ultimately asking: how can language ideologies act as mechanisms of censorship?

2024, Language Problems and Language Planning

2024, Effect of Teaching with Local Instructional Materials on Primary School Pupils’ Achievement in Mathematics, Eganyi District of Ebiral and-Ajaokuta, Kogi State-Nigeria

Quasi-experimental design was used for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select two primary schools out of fifteen in Eganyi Distinct of Ajaokuta local government area, Kogi State. Two intact classes from each of the schools, making four classes comprising 180 pupils were used for the study. Two research questions and a null hypothesis guided the study. Teacher made Mathematics Achievement Test with reliability coefficient of 0.796 established using Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (K-R20). Means, standard deviations and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyses data. The results revealed that the use of Ebira cultural practices in teaching selected mathematics contents at the primary school level increases pupils' achievement in mathematics. Pupils in rural schools achieve higher than pupils in urban schools. Based on the findings, it was recommended that provision be made in the primary school curriculum for the use of cultural practices and relevant local materials in teaching as a strategy.

2024, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik

Eine noch vergleichsweise neue und kleine Kategorie von Welthilfssprachen sind die sog. "Worldlangs", deren Vokabular und Grammatik nicht bloß auf indoeuropäischen Sprachen aufbauen, sondern auch Sprachen aus anderen Sprachfamilien berücksichtigen. Doch je mehr und je unterschiedlicher die Quellsprachen, desto mehr stellt sich die Problematik, wie die Entscheidungen für bestimmte Wörter, grammatische Strukturen etc. begründet werden können – warum gerade diese Variante, wäre nicht eine andere ebenso gut oder besser gewesen? Lugamun ist eine neue Worldlang, die dieses Problem mittels algorithmischer Unterstützung auf der Basis freier Onlinequellen wie des vielsprachigen Wörterbuchs Wiktionary angeht. Für jedes aufzunehmende Konzept werden die in den verschiedenen Quellsprachen verwendeten Wörter algorithmisch an Lugamuns Orthographie und Phonologie angepasst und dann automatisch in eine Rangfolge gebracht, auf der Basis mehrerer Kriterien wie ihrer Ähnlichkeit zu bedeutungsgleichen Wörtern in anderen Sprachen. Spricht nichts dagegen, wird der am besten gerankte Kandidat in das Vokabular von Lugamun übernommen; erscheint ein anderer Kandidat als besser, muss dies immer begründet werden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich für jedes Wort nachvollziehen, warum gerade es ausgewählt wurde. Ein ähnlich systematischer Prozess wird auch für die Auswahl grammatischer Strukturen verwendet.

2024, Rivista Di Lingue E Letterature Straniere E Culture Moderne

The field of conlang has evidenced an important growth in the last decades. This has been the product of a wide interest in the use and study of conlangs for artistic purposes. However, one important question is what it is happening with conlang in the academic world. This paper aims to have an overall understanding of the literature on conlang research. With this we aim to give a realistic picture of the field in present days. We have implemented a computational linguistic approach, combining bibliometrics and network analysis to examine all publications available in the Scopus database. Analysing over 2300 academic publications since 1927 until 2022, we have found that Esperanto is by far the most documented conlang. Three main authors have contributed to this: Garvía R., Fiedler S., and Blanke D. The 1970s and 1980s have been the decades where the foundations of current research have been built. In terms of methodologies, language learning and experimental linguistics are the ones contributing to most to the preferred approaches of study in the field. We present the results and discuss our limitations and future work.

2024, 5th International Mediterranean Congress Proceedings Book

Ande is an international auxiliary language created by A. W. Anderson and presented publicly in an undated book. It is thus the same general type of language as Esperanto, but far less known; it is possible that no one other than Anderson learned or used it. Among the prepositions of Ande is i ‘of, pertaining to, having relation to’. Its use seems rather complex, like that of the English word of, and one might note that there are some other Ande prepositions which are partly equivalent to of, e.g. v, siv, and tru. Anderson ([1951]:81) states, “The Relation Word ‘i’ is the most comprehensive of its kind, and in this regard is comparable to ‘He’, or ‘Ga’, among verbs, or ‘Eta’, among material nouns. Perhaps each Thing, Action, or Condition may have some applicable Relation to each and every other. However, every Thing, Action, or Condition has limits as to applicable Attributes.” In this paper I will attempt to clarify the meanings and functions of i, based on remarks by Anderson and on example sentences which he provides in his book. The affix -i will also be discussed; it “is more specific [than i] and denotes ‘Being or Acting of the quality of’” (ibid.).

2024, Reading Fictional Languages (P. Stockwell, J. Norledge and I.A. Noletto, eds)

This chapter presents an empirical account of fictional language creation, through a comparative analysis of three popular conlangs. Taking a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, Beinhoff investigates audience perceptions of J. R. R. Tolkien's Elvish languages, Quenya and Sindarin, and Paul Frommer's Na'vi, designed for James Cameron's (2009) blockbuster movie Avatar. Beinhoff's findings offer new insights into the phonaesthetics of fictional languages, highlighting the ways in which real readers and listeners respond to invented languages, and charting the correlation between language design and language effects.

2024, Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1