Control Structure Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Proceedings of the IEEE

2025, Social Science Research Network

2025, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

2025, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

SummarySeveral statistical models used in genome‐wide prediction assume uncorrelated marker allele substitution effects, but it is known that these effects may be correlated. In statistics, graphical models have been identified as a useful tool for covariance estimation in high‐dimensional problems and it is an area that has recently experienced a great expansion. In Gaussian covariance graph models (GCovGM), the joint distribution of a set of random variables is assumed to be Gaussian and the pattern of zeros of the covariance matrix is encoded in terms of an undirected graph G. In this study, methods adapting the theory of GCovGM to genome‐wide prediction were developed (Bayes GCov, Bayes GCov‐KR and Bayes GCov‐H). In simulated data sets, improvements in correlation between phenotypes and predicted breeding values and accuracies of predicted breeding values were found. Our models account for correlation of marker effects and permit to accommodate general structures as opposed to m...

2025, International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering

2025, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010

In this paper an active way linear synchronous motor with multiphase independent supply is presented. The paper is mainly focused on the power electronics and control structure. The whole system, motor, power electronics and control has been built and successfully tested. The obtained results show that the chosen multi DSP master-slave structure allows the control of the proposed linear motor with good performances and reasonable costs.

2025, SAE Technical Paper Series

The intrinsic model accuracy limit of a commonly used Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) mass flow rate model in diesel engine air path control is discussed in this paper. This EGR mass flow rate model is based on the flow of a compressible ideal gas with unchanged specific heat ratio through a restriction cross-area within a duct. A practical identification procedure of the model parameters is proposed based on the analysis of the engine data and model structure. This procedure has several advantages which include simplicity, low computation burden and low engine test cost. It is shown that model tuning requires only an EGR valve sweep test at a few engine steady state operating points. It is also shown that good model accuracy can be achieved when the control variables of other air path devices, e.g. the vane position of a Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) and the torque demand of an Electric Turbo Assist (ETA), are kept constant during the EGR valve sweep test used to tune the model. Two different diesel engines are used in this work to demonstrate the model tuning procedure and the model validation results. Both engines are equipped with a high pressure external EGR system and a VGT. One of the engines has a relatively new air system device -an ETA. The model validation results of both engines show good model accuracy not only at steady state engine operating points but also during engine transients.

2025, Anais do 2002 International Telecommunications Symposium

Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning on a per node basis, which assumes that this strategy would provide QoS in the whole domain. Nevertheless, this approach could fail in large domains with multiple flows aggregation and unexpected input traffic. Therefore, provisioning techniques should be used to avoid unpredicted overloads that result in QoS fluctuations. A proposal using fuzzy controllers to reconfigure DiffServ nodes according to ingress traffic and achieved QoS was presented in [1]. However, it is not easy to specify fuzzy rule bases and membership functions that optimize the controllers performance. Thus, we propose a methodology to choose optimized fuzzy controller parameters using the Wang-Mendel and genetic algorithms. Finally, we evaluate the performance of this methodology by simulation of voice over IP applications in DiffServ domains.

2025

This paper introduces several new asynchronous pipeline designs which offer high throughput as well as low latency. The designs target dynamic datapaths, both dualrail as well as single-rail. The new pipelines are latchfree and therefore are particularly well-suited for fine-grain pipelining, i.e., where each pipeline stage is only a single gate deep. The pipelines employ new control structures and protocols aimed at reducing the handshaking delay, the principal impediment to achieving high throughput in asynchronous pipelines. As a test vehicle, a 4-bit FIFO was designed using 0.6 micron technology. The results of careful HSPICE simulations of the FIFO designs are very encouraging. The dualrail designs deliver a throughput of up to 860 million data items per second. This performance represents an improvement by a factor of 2 over a widely-used comparable approach by Williams [16]. The new single-rail designs deliver a throughput of up to 1208 million data items per second.

2025, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems

An asynchronous pipeline style is introduced for highspeed applications, called MOUSETRAP. The pipeline uses standard transparent latches and static logic in its datapath, and small latch controllers consisting of only a single gate per pipeline stage. This simple structure is combined with an efficient and highly-concurrent event-driven protocol between adjacent stages. Post-layout SPICE simulations of a ten-stage pipeline with a 4-bit wide datapath indicate throughputs of 2.1-2.4 GHz in a 0.18-m TSMC CMOS process. Similar results were obtained when the datapath width was extended to 16 bits. This performance is competitive even with that of wave pipelines [40], [19], without the accompanying problems of complex timing and much design effort. Additionally, the new pipeline gracefully and robustly adapts to variable speed environments. The pipeline stages are extended to fork and join structures, to handle more complex system architectures.

2025, Journal of the ACM

The nature of programming languages that fail to have a relatively complete proof formalism is discussed. First, it is shown that such failures may be due to the meagerness of the programming language, rather than to the presence of complex control structures as in the cases studied so far. The failure of relative completeness is then derived for two languages with a rich control structure, using simple simulations of general recursive functions by procedure call mechanisms.

2025, Control and Cybernetics

An essential limitation in using the classical optimal control has been its limited robustness to modeling inadequacies and perturbations. This paper presents the concepts of two practical control structures based on the time-optimal approach, a hard and soft one. The hard structure is defined by the parameters selected in accordance with the rules of the statistical decision theory; however, the soft structure allows additionally for elimination of rapid changes in control values. The object is a basic mechanical system, with uncertain (also non-stationary) mass treated as a stochastic process. The methodology proposed here is of a universal nature and may easily be applied with respect to other elements of uncertainty of time-optimal controlled mechanical systems.

2025, International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR)

The parallel action of inverters in microgrids is supported on droop process. The actual droop process comprises of rectifying the final voltage frequency and size to obtain self-standing power sharing without control wire interconnections. The actual voltage droop process reveals several drawbacks such as interior multiloop feedback control, frequency and voltage deviations. This paper intends a modern control tactic in microgrid applications by bringing down the substantial flux in place of the inverter final voltage. Firstly, the substantial flux and the active and reactive powers are mathematically obtained and a relationship is established between them which are employed to promote a modern flux droop technique. A small signal model is improved in direction to sketch the main control parameters and to study the steadiness as well as the system dynamics. A direct flux control step by step technique is used to adjust the substantial flux agreeing to the droop controller to evade the utility of PI controllers and PWM modulators. The simulation output shows that intended flux droop tactic can obtain active and reactive power sharing by decreasing the frequency deviation than the actual droop process, thus spotlights the influential usage in microgrid applications.

2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: en primer lugar, valorar la necesidad de desarrollar el carácter estratégico de la función financiera debido a los procesos de internacionalización financiera; estos procesos pueden acarrear tanto nuevas oportunidades como amenazas para la empresa. Si esta relación se confirma, se hace necesario el análisis de las variables que determinan el proceso de internacionalización financiera de la empresa, el cual constituye el segundo objetivo del trabajo. Además de las condiciones externas, los procesos de internacionalización financiera pueden encontrarse condicionados por las características de la propia empresa: tamaño, pertenencia a un sector concreto e internacionalización de las áreas no financieras, por su estrecha vinculación con el área financiera. PALABRAS CLAVE: globalización financiera, internacionalización financiera, internacionalización de las áreas no financieras, carácter estratégico de la función financiera.

2025, … : Revista vasca de …

El tejido empresarial vasco ha experimentado en las últimas décadas profundas transformaciones: de una situación con predominio de la gran industria, localizada preferentemente en Bizkaia, se ha pasado a la preponderancia del sector servicios, con un protagonismo creciente de la pyme. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar la evolución reciente de las pymes en el País Vasco desde una perspectiva económico-empresarial, estableciendo las causas de su progresiva preponderancia y del éxito alcanzado por muchas de ellas. En primer lugar se analiza la transformación del entorno económico-empresarial vasco en las últimas décadas, como paso previo al examen de la evolución de las pymes en dicho marco durante la misma época. A continuación se presentan los diversos programas de apoyo público a estas empresas. Por último se identifican las características de gestión de las pymes vascas de éxito, proponiendo un «modelo de gestión de las pymes vascas excelentes».

2025, Revista Europea de …

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: en primer lugar, valorar la necesidad de desarrollar el carácter estratégico de la función financiera como consecuencia de los procesos de internacionalización financiera, dadas las nuevas oportunidades y amenazas asociadas a los mismos. Una vez confirmada esta relación, se hace necesario el análisis de las variables que determinan el proceso de internacionalización financiera de la empresa, el cual constituye el segundo objetivo del trabajo. Los procesos de internacionalización financiera, por un lado, pueden formar parte de una estrategia general de internacionalización de la empresa; por otro lado, pueden constituir el resultado de una estrategia específica orientada al aprovechamiento de las oportunidades que ofrecen un entorno financiero y unos mercados financieros cada vez más globales, e incluso podrían ser el resultado de combinar ambos planteamientos.Para ello, se ha analizado el comportamiento de una muestra de 461 empresas localizadas en el País Vasco y se han aplicado contrastes como el de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis o el análisis logit. Respecto del primer objetivo planteado, los resultados sostienen que la mayoría de las empresas que realizan algún tipo de actividad financiera internacional ha tenido que desarrollar, en mayor o menor medida, su perspectiva estratégica. En cuanto al segundo objetivo, los datos obtenidos avalan ambos motivos de internacionalización financiera.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

software projects using Simulink or Scade use in fact a subset of Simulink or Scade. The 'alignment' of these two subsets gives rise to a new concept, the 'Unified MBD', whose data-flow part keeps the expressiveness of both languages and has been introduced in a former paper. Here we present the control-flow part, which is much more restrictive, because the automata paradigms of Scade and Simulink differ fundamentally. But in fact, at least in our context, this loss of expressiveness is not a weakness, because our current design modelling practice is consistent with these restrictions, and because it opens the road for simple but faithful specification modelling practices.

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

2025, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems

This paper presents a new approach to indirect vector control of induction motors. Two nonlinear controllers, one of sliding mode type and the other PI-fuzzy logic-based, define a new control structure. Both controllers are combined by means of an expert system based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy reasoning. The sliding-mode controller acts mainly in a transient state while the PI-like fuzzy controller acts in the steady state. The new structure embodies the advantages that both nonlinear controllers offer: sliding-mode controllers increasing system stability limits and PI-like fuzzy logic based controllers reducing the chattering in permanent state. The scheme has been implemented and experimentally validated.

2025, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

This paper deals with the model-reference control of timed event graphs using the dioid algebra and the residuation theory. It proposes a control structure based on a precompensator and a feedback controller to improve the controlled system performance. It is shown that this approach always leads to an optimal behavior of the closed-loop system. An example is given to illustrate the proposed approach.

2025

This paper deals with the model-reference control of max-plus linear systems. The main contribution of this work is a general control structure that encompasses the previous one found in the literature. It is based on the RST-structure for conventional differentiable system. In addition it provides a comparison among some sub-structures and simulation results are presented.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

With its outstanding features, such as high efficiency and torque-producing capability compared with the induction motor, the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has been increasingly researched and used for electric vehicles. The speed control strategy for both low and high speeds of the IPMSM is studied in conjunction with controllers based on the fieldoriented control (FOC) structure to ensure accurate and stable system response under various operating conditions. This paper focuses on three control methods: sliding mode control (SMC), backstepping (BSP), and proportional integral (PI) for the speed loop to enhance system stability. Coupled with the presence of load disturbances, environmental disturbances, and uncertainties in parameters, comparisons and observations regarding the three methods can be made to conclude system stability and performance. Finally, simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink software confirm the effectiveness and validity of the proposed speed controllers.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

The addition of a supercapacitor to electric vehicles is considered beneficial for extending battery lifetime. Due to its higher power density compared to the battery, a supercapacitor can efficiently handle sudden high-current demands. However, to achieve energy efficiency, a specific control strategy is required for this battery-supercapacitor (Batt-SC) hybrid power source (HPS). This paper reviews the dynamic model of the Batt-SC as HPS for electric vehicles and explores its various control strategies in order to achieve energy efficiency. A high-fidelity model, a control-oriented model, and an integrated dynamic model are presented. Various control strategies are then discussed, including high-level control, low-level control, and DC bus voltage regulation. This paper also identifies several key research opportunities, such as developing an integrated dynamic model of a hybrid Batt-SC electric vehicle, combining high-level and low-level control into a unified control strategy, and designing an optimal-adaptive controller that can minimize a certain performance index by considering nonlinearity factors.

2025, Proceedings of 4th Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing

This paper describes the pipeline architecture designed t o control the execution of instructions o n the linear array processor PAPRICA-3, which is being developed at the Politecnico di Torino. T h e m a i n applications of the array processor lay in the area of image processing, image recognition, embedded systems f o r guidance assistance and the like. Exploitation of this architecture is currently investigated in the area of real-time image processing, a very demanding task in t e r m s of overall performance. O u r design is aimed at improving the algorithmic eficiency by taking advantage of a multi-path queue structure which allows different instructions t o run simultaneously, and by optimizing particular patterns of instructions which often appear in envisaged application programs.

2025, ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

Many embedded reactive programs perform computations at different rates, while still requiring the overall application to satisfy very tight temporal constraints. We propose a method to automatically distribute programs such that the obtained parts can be run at different rates, which we call rate desynchronization . We consider general programs whose control structure is a finite state automaton and with a DAG of actions in each state. The motivation is to take into account long-duration tasks inside the programs: these are tasks whose execution time is long compared to the other computations in the application, and whose maximal execution rate is known and bounded. Merely scheduling such a long duration task at a slow rate would not work since the whole program would be slowed down if compiled into sequential code. It would thus be impossible to meet the temporal constraints, unless such long duration tasks could be desynchronized from the remaining computations. This is precisely...

2025, Water Resources Management

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2025, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors

In this paper, the problem of defining a high performance control structure for a parallel motion estimation architecture for MPEG2 coding is addressed. Various design and architecture choices are discussed and the final architecture is described. It represents a combined MIMD-SIMD approach which is based on a small but efficient ASIP with subword parallelism.

2025

This paper treats decision problexs for the intuitionistic logic without weakening rule FL,,. First, the cut elimination theorem for FL,, will be s h o ~~n . Using this fact and Mripke's method, it will be proved that the propositional FL,, is decidable. On the other hand, the predicate FL,, t ~i l l be shown to be undecidable by reducing the decision problem to that of the intuitionistic predicate logic. In recent pears. various studies have been done concerning logics lacking some or ail of structural rules. (For more irnformation. see ,) This paper will be devoted to stucly of the decision problem of the logic FL,,, which is obtained from the intuitionistic Iogic by deleting the -weakening rule. The decidability of the propositional FL,, will be shown bj-using a method originally developed for relevant logics. Next, the nndecidability of the prerlicate FL,, millbe proved by reducing its decision problem to that of the intuixionistic

2025

The primary purpose of a breakup ice control structure (ICS) is to retain a breakup ice run upstream of a traditional ice jam problem area and thereby mitigate ice-jam flooding. By controlling ice-jam location, breakup ICSs also can prevent ice-related scour associated with dam removals or contaminated sediment remediation projects. This report briefly describes basic ICS types, purposes, and advantages and disadvantages, and provides engineering design guidance for their use. The use of numerical and physical models to design these structures is illustrated through case studies. The report includes a checklist to help designers compile the necessary input data and to conduct the analyses needed to ensure successful designs.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

This paper presents an experimental validation of a proposed Frequency Estimation-Based (FEB) controller for semi-active suspensions by using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) platform of a Quarter of Vehicle (QoV) model. The FEB approach is compared with three commercial On-Off controllers that have shown good results in comfort and road holding: Sky-Hook (SH), Groud-Hook (GH) and Mix-1-sensor (M1S). The comparison was done under the same experimental tests; the standards ISO-2631 and BS-6841 are used to evaluate the comfort and the Root Mean Square (RMS) index to quantify the road holding. The QoV model belongs to a front-left corner of a pick-up truck; the used experimental Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper is not symmetric and only hast 2 manipulation states. Experimental results show that the FEB controller has the best comfort performance at low frequencies (outperforms the benchmark controllers at 11.2%); while, for road holding, the improvement is slight; however, FEB controller works better for both goals simultaneously. By analyzing the suspension deflection, the FEB controller reduces up to 32.8% of motion respect to the GH controller. Additionally, the manipulation of the SH and GH controllers have several changes of actuation that do not allow the stabilization of the force in its desirable value; while FEB controller has a soft actuation defined on bandwidths.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

A semi-active control system of an automotive suspension with an Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper as a key element is considered. Given its hysteretical and nonlinear behavior, the inclusion of a MR damper model in a controller synthesis is presented. Two controllers are proposed from different approaches: LPV control and a Frequency Estimation-Based (FEB ) control. The LPV controller uses a LPV model of a quarter of vehicle based on the MR damper dynamics. The FEB controller is a model-free controller. These controllers are compared under comfort oriented standards. Simulation results show these controllers as new alternatives with excellent response for comfort and road holding (improving the comfort between 10-20). %.

2025, Social Science Research Network

To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally-focused change, we report the results of an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions regarding the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those that work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful change of any type.

2025, Administrative Science Quarterly

To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally focused change, we conducted an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions about the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those who work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful chang...

2025, Community College Journal of Research and Practice

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2025

To my dear wife Jerusah Nyasani for your support made it possible for me to complete this course, My lovely son Adrian Nyairo, for his everlasting love, patience and comprehension during my school life, may you excel beyond this level of education and To my dear parents for your prayers and interest in my education, to all my siblings for your various contributions to my achievements May God bless you abundantly sincere care and encouragement during my study. To my brothers and sisters, thanks for your sincere love and support in all my projects. My sincere thanks also go to my family in law. This study would not have been a success without your prayers.

2025, 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED 2011

2025

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) has successfully created and prototyped an algorithmic level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD), and a new visualization for a fine-grained complexity metric called the Complexity Profile Graph (CPG). By synchronizing the CSD and the CPG, the CSD view of control structure, nesting, and source code is directly linked to the corresponding visualization of statement level complexity in the CPG. GRASP has been integrated with GNAT, the GNU Ada 95 Translator to provide a comprehensive graphical user interface and development environment for Ada 95. The user may view, edit, print, and compile source code as a CSD with no discernible addition to storage or computational overhead. The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis...

2025, Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering (SJCE)

H.R. Abbaszadeh 1 Y. Hassanzadeh 2 R. Daneshfaraz 3 R. Norouzi 4 1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. 2 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of... more

2025, Drying Technology

This article describes the design of a control structure architecture for an industrial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dryer, currently operating at Braskem Company (Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brazil). The underlying motivation is to search for a control configuration that leads to optimal economic operation, while promptly rejecting disturbances at lower layers in the control hierarchy. We start by optimizing a nonlinear model of the process with respect to reducing energy consumption as a criterion of optimization for different disturbance scenarios. The results show that it is optimal to control the temperature level of the utilities serving the dryer and the outlet PVC moisture contents at their respective upper bounds. In addition, the flow of air to the dryer should be fixed at its optimum nominal setpoint despite disturbances. Application of this strategy results in a reduction of about 16% in energy consumption with respect to the current dryer operation policy and a 22% increase in throughput under nominal operation. In addition, almost perfect indirect control of the outlet PVC moisture was achieved by tightly controlling a temperature difference in the dryer. The proposed decentralized control configuration gives good dynamic performance for the outlet PVC moisture content with maximum settling time of about 1.8 h for the more difficult disturbance of increasing the inlet slurry moisture content by 40% and magnitude of overshoot of ca. 5% w.r.t. the optimum setpoint for an increase of 20% in PVC feed flow rate to the dryer.

2025, Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '94 Symposium

The paper presents a new adaptive neural network based speed controller for the PMDC motor drive using an on-line tunable A" control structure. The proposed ANN regulator is tuned on-line using the back-propagation algorithm to minimize the actual motor speed error and current deviation. The performance of the ANN control algorithm is evaluated using a laboratory prototype drive system. The laboratory set-up comprises a PMDC motor fed from a DC supply or Battery source via a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) Mosfet dc-dc chopper. The output from the ANN controller is used to regulate the duty cycle ratio ( aD ) of the chopper converter. This scheme would be suitable for small urban type and factory forklift-EV drives using small size battery. The new on-line ANN rule-based assignment algorithm is used to update the ANN network weights and biases to ensure continuous effective dynamic response while keeping the motor inrush current under specified tolerable limits. The A" controller can be assembled using available microchip controllers with EPROM soft-ware subroutines. The test results validate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed new ANN based speed controller under different load variations and excursions. Also, it shows good flexibility in dealing with any drive parametric uncertainties and sudden load variations. The paper presents digital simulation, laboratory testing and control validation results.

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

We analyze the role of debt in corporate governance with respect to a large emerging economy, India, where debt has been an important source of external finance. First, we examine the extent to which debt acts as a disciplining device in those corporations where potential for over investment is present. We undertake a comparative evaluation of group-affiliated and non-affiliated companies to see if the governance role of debt is sensitive to ownership and control structures. Second, we examine the role of institutional change in strengthening the disciplining effect or mitigating the expropriating effect of debt. In doing so, we estimate, simultaneously, the relation between Tobin's Q and leverage using a large crosssection of listed manufacturing firms in India for three years, 1996, 2000, and 2003. Our analyses indicate that while in the early years of institutional change, debt did not have any disciplinary effect on either standalone or group affiliated firms, the disciplinary effect appeared in the later years as institutions become more market oriented. We also find limited evidence of debt being used as an expropriation mechanism in group firms that are more vulnerable to such expropriation. However, the disciplining effect of debt is found to persist even after controlling for such expropriation possibilities. In general, our results highlight the role of ownership structures and institutions in debt governance.

2025, Economics of Transition

We analyze the role of debt in corporate governance with respect to a large emerging economy, India, where debt has been an important source of external finance. Using cross‐sectional data on listed manufacturing firms we estimate, simultaneously, the relation between Tobin's Q and leverage for three years, 1996, 2000 and 2003. Our analysis indicates that while in the early years of institutional change, debt did not have any disciplinary effect on either standalone or group affiliated firms, the disciplinary effect appeared in the later years as institutions became more market oriented. We also find limited evidence of debt being used as an expropriation mechanism in group firms that are more vulnerable to such expropriation. In general, our results highlight the role of ownership structures and institutions in debt governance.

2025

In the pursuit for the development of small rovers for planetary science missions, there is a distinct need for the development of an advanced, autonomously controlled, power subsystem. Existing bus management systems used in large spacecraft missions are not suitable for small spacecraft missions, as they are massive, relatively inefficient, and expensive. For extremely compact rover mission concept, newly developed high-density, high-efficiency, lightweight, and low-cost electronics are required. This paper presents a radiation-hardened power subsystem for the Pop-Up Flat-Folding Explorer Robot (PUFFER) mission concept, utilizing GaN-based converters for solar array conversion, battery management, and point of load applications to provide an extremely compact power subsystem.

2025, Revista do BNDES

do BNDES (mestre em economia pela UFRJ e MBA em finanças pelo Coppead/UFRJ) e professor de finanças do Coppead/UFRJ (doutor em administração pelo Coppead/UFRJ). Os autores agradecem aos colegas do BNDES que auxiliaram este trabalho, principalmente no contato com as empresas e no envio dos questionários, e a todos os executivos das empresas que despenderam seu tempo e responderam aos questionários que foram de grande valia para o artigo. Evidentemente, eventuais erros ou omissões devem ser atribuídos apenas aos autores.

2025

A large number of coupled oscillators are useful as models for a wide variety of systems in natural fields. In this study, wave propagation generated in a ladder of cross-coupled chaotic circuits are investigated. For the case of 20 circuits, interesting wave propagation phenomena of phase states are found. Computer simulations show that this coupled system produces several wave propagation.

2025, Blood Purification

death, and this outcome of renal failure is still current outside the industrialized world. In the United States, 452,000 patients were listed as having end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by the 2005 USRDS database, of whom 324,826 were receiving maintenance dialysis . The prevalence of ESRD in the United States is rising at approximately 8%/year . The financial cost of dialysis is immense, estimated at USD 64,614/hemodialysis patient/year and USD 47,384/peritoneal dialysis patient/year. In contrast, transplant patients cost an average of USD 22,142/patient/year [1] . The higher cost of maintenance dialysis when compared with transplantation does not translate into better results; annual mortality for patients listed for transplant and awaiting a kidney is 6.3%, compared with only 3.8% for patients listed for transplant who did receive a kidney. These statistics compare favorably to the 16.7% annual mortality for ESRD patients not listed for transplant . Transplantation, despite its advantages in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality, is severely limited by the scarcity of donor organs. In 2006, there are over 300,000 patients on dialysis and 72,983 patients on the kidney waiting list. Only 4,096 renal transplants were performed in the first quarter of 2006, based on the Organ Procurement and Transplantation data as of 9 June 2006.

2025, Blood Purification

Nanotechnology, defined as the science of material features between 10–9 and 10–7 of a meter, has received extensive attention in the popular press as proof-of-concept experiments in the laboratory are published. The inevitable delay between feature articles and clinical endpoints has led to unwarranted skepticism about the applicability of the technology to current medical therapy. The theoretic advantages of micro- and nanometer scale engineering to renal replacement include the manufacture of high-hydraulic permeability membranes with implanted sensing and control structures. Recent data in membrane design and testing is presented, with a review of the challenges remaining in implementation of this technology.

2025

The comparison of four control schemes based on neural networks for teaching purposes is studied in this paper. The inverse model, inverse model loop, direct scheme with and without models are investigated and compared. The study is based on computer simulations of linear and nonlinear single-input single-output (SISO) typical plants and take into account different aspects such as the training period, the training method (on-line, off-line, simple or with epochs, etc.) network configuration and training signals amongst others. This set of experiences can be used in an advanced control course in the Electrical Engineering curricula, to teach different aspects of neural control.

2025, Computer Graphics Forum

Crowd simulation for virtual environments offers many challenges centered on the trade-offs between rich behavior, control and computational cost. In this paper we present a new approach to controlling the behavior of agents in a crowd. Our method is scalable in the sense that increasingly complex crowd behaviors can be created without a corresponding increase in the complexity of the agents. Our approach is also more authorable; users can dynamically specify which crowd behaviors happen in various parts of an environment. Finally, the character motion produced by our system is visually convincing. We achieve our aims with a situation-based control structure. Basic agents have very limited behaviors. As they enter new situations, additional, situation-specific behaviors are composed on the fly to enable agents to respond appropriately. The composition is done using a probabilistic mechanism. We demonstrate our system with three environments including a city street and a theater.