Countering Violent Extremism Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): J. Peace Dipl.

Pakistan’s struggle with counterterrorism has been an extended and sophisticated battle, spanning decades of multifaceted, precise, and calculated tactical strategy, yielding both undeniable success and persistent challenges. This study explores the evolution of Pakistan’s counterterrorism strategies, examining the effectiveness of hard power/military operations approaches in dismantling hardcore terrorist organizations and assessing the limitations of soft power diplomacy in shaping international perception and nation branding. This paper examines the smart power dynamics at play in Pakistan's counterterrorism efforts. It examines the interplay between military operations, intelligence activities, diplomatic initiatives, and socio-economic development programs aimed at countering extremist ideologies and eradicating terrorist networks. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how smart power tactics can be used in complex geopolitical environments to address the root causes of extremism, foster regional cooperation, and enhance societal resilience against radicalization. It offers recommendations for enhancing Pakistan's smart power capabilities to address the root causes of extremism and improve its national security framework more comprehensively.

2025, UKR Publisher

Households residing in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in North East Nigeria face significant socioeconomic challenges that adversely affect their livelihood activities, particularly among the more vulnerable groups. This study examines how these households utilize various forms of capital to sustain their livelihoods. A quantitative research method was adopted, employing a cross-sectional design. Using Krejcie and Morgan's sample size determination table at a 95% confidence level, a sample size of 210 households was selected through a stratified and systematic sampling technique. Households were stratified based on their locations within the IDP camps. Data was collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that limited access to and utilization of capital restricts livelihood opportunities for households in the camps. Household capital, which includes human, social, natural, physical, and financial assets, serves as the foundational resources for livelihood strategies. The study highlights that households rarely rely on a single form of capital. Instead, they combine various types of capital in a complementary manner to support their survival and livelihood goals. The degree and combination of capital used vary among households, reflecting the dynamic nature of capital utilization in IDP settings. Based on these findings, it is recommended that government agencies and stakeholders develop targeted and integrated strategies to enhance capital utilization among IDP households. Such an approach should aim to strengthen the five key forms of livelihood capital-financial, human, social, physical, and natural-in a coordinated manner to promote sustainable livelihoods and improve household resilience in IDP camps across North East Nigeria.

2025, UKR Publisher

2025, Asia Pacific Journal of Education

The Bali bombings of 2002 and 2005 confronted Australia and its neighbours directly for the first time with the dangers of violent extremism. Since then, the Bali Peace Park Association (BPPA), consisting of former victims, their families and other interested parties, has been lobbying for the creation of the 'Bali Peace Park' to be built on one of the bombing sites. Peace parks have been conceived as community-driven projects against violent extremism, and the planned Bali Peace Park embodies this principle. In 2012, BPPA initiated "Beyond Bali", an ambitious and highly relevant curriculum development project, and secured funding from the Australian Attorney General's Department. Drawing on the expertise of a counterterrorism expert, two university education experts and the first-hand experiences of victims and their families, the Beyond Bali curriculum package was created. Beyond Bali covers a range of topics and activities, including social science studies and ethical dilemma learning, is suitable for Years 8 and 9 students studying the Australian Curriculum, and is available for free from BPPA: . In this paper we position Beyond Bali as a transformative education resource within the fields of peace and global education and argue that it embodies UNESCO's learning to be principle.

2025, Adversity and Resilience Science

Compared to other immigrants, refugees often face unique challenges and higher levels of trauma due to their abrupt migration. When resettling in a new country, refugees may continue to face trauma, including race-based trauma, which impacts their overall well-being and adjustment. Despite the vast literature on trauma and refugees, few studies have examined the positive role of family in refugee adjustment. Using a qualitative approach, the current study explores the role of family and support from family members in refugee adjustment. Forty participants across three refugee groups (Hmong, Syrian, and Somali) were interviewed in their language of choice. Using thematic analysis, we found four overarching themes: family social support, sense of belonging in the family, family centrality, and ethnic community as an extension of the family and a source of strength. Across the three groups, various forms of support from family members were cited as playing a prominent role in their adjustment. We found how important it was for participants to feel like they belong in their community; those who lacked biological family members sought support and connections in their wider ethnic community (e.g., neighborhoods). Our findings also suggest families playing a key role as many discussed how their lives and daily routines revolved around their families. We propose that future research should focus on examining the role of family as a resource, in refugee adjustment, and include perspectives from several family members.

2025

Digital communication technologies have become vital tools for violent extremist groups, enabling recruitment, ideological dissemination, and covert coordination. This study investigates how localised experiences and socio-political marginalisation intersect with emerging media use in Garissa and Tana River counties, Kenya. Employing a mixed-methods design informed by diffusion of innovations and constructivist theories, the research analyses survey data from 277 at-risk youth, interviews with community leaders, and focus group discussions. Findings show that extremist actors strategically exploit encrypted and interactive platforms to circulate narratives of exclusion and identity-based grievances. Simultaneously, state-led counter-violent extremism (CVE) strategies lag in integrating media-responsive frameworks. The study advocates a mixed scanning approach that decentralises CVE communication, leverages clan structures, and engages youth on preferred digital platforms. By foregrounding media's dual role as both vector and counterforce to radicalisation, the research offers policy-relevant insights for adaptive and locally grounded CVE programming.

2025, Secularism, race, and the politics of Islamophobia

Since 9/11 and the intensification of global counterterrorism, government-led programs to support moderate religion and suppress violent religion have flourished. These include advocacy for religious freedom, interfaith dialogue programs, and legal protections for religious rights. Increasingly, it also includes ‘countering violent extremism.’ CVE programs have become the bread and butter of soft foreign and security policy in liberal democracies. This chapter explores the politics of ‘freeing’ religion in these programs. Disaggregating the category of religion into expert religion, lived religion, and governed religion allows us to reframe the CVE/religious freedom agenda as a means of empowering particular religions and their representatives. Authorizing certain religions and religious leaders to speak on behalf of US, UN or EU-sanctioned interests, these programs presume that the right kind of religion, properly recognized and cultivated by states and other authorities, is the path to security and freedom.

2025, Perspectives on Terrorism

This article examines Kazakhstan's approach to the rehabilitation and reintegration of children repatriated from Syria and Iraq during the Zhusan humanitarian operation. The analysis is based on data gathered through participant observation, conversational interviews with the children themselves, and discussions with an interdisciplinary team of experts involved in the rehabilitation process. Key elements of the Kazakhstani approach include restoring the legal status of these children and their families, implementing strategies to minimise stigmatisation, and supporting their social rehabilitation as a means of reintegrating them into Kazakhstani society. The article highlights both the successes and the effective practices in this process, as well as the challenges faced by the practitioners working with these child returnees. The authors suggest that adding a component focused on building resilience to re-traumatisation, involvement in violent extremism, and criminal behaviour could further enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation and reintegration efforts.

2025, Claremont Review of Books

Review of The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, 2 vols, edited by José Pedro Zúquete, Palgrave Macmillan.

2025

Nigeria has witnessed an unprecedented increase in terrorist attacks in the last five years especially in the North eastern part by the Boko haram sect. This has culminated into thousands of deaths and displacement of hundreds of thousands from their towns and villages. However, despite the military efforts to curtail the insurgency, the terrorist attacks still occur abated in the region. Hence there is need to study the spatial distribution of the attacks and generate spatial information that would be useful in implementing effective counter insurgency strategies. Spatial data of terrorist attacks obtained from national emergency management agency (NEMA) and global terrorism database (GTD) in addition other ancillary data were analysed using geospatial techniques. These data were integrated into a geodatabase and spatial analysis carried out to determine the spatial characteristics of the terrorist attacks. The result shows that the pattern of the terrorist attacks is clustered and its orientation towards the north east of the study area. The hotspot of the terrorist attacks are Gwoza and Bama while central feature of attacks is Baga town; Maiduguri has the highest number of IDPS of 14,000 while Konduga has the lowest number of IDPS; Kalga has the highest number of fatalities. The attack hotspots is close to the border indicating transborder movement of the terrorists. Hence, more military force should be deployed to the Gwoza and Bama to counter the insurgent attacks.

2025, Ashlahul Umam

Dalam sistem kewarganegaraan, naturalisasi dan repatriasi merupakan jalur yang legal. Tidak hanya melibatkan proses administratif tetapi juga melibatkan beberapa aspek seperti aspek sosial, budaya, agama, serta identitas. dalam mengkaji naturalisasi dan repatriasi, pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang berbasis studi pustaka. Setelah mengkaji beberapa literatur, didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa naturalisasi sering dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan negara,seperti dalam kasus atlet diaspora, sementara repatriasi digunakan untuk mengatasi tantangan, seperti ketika berkaitan dengan mantan WNI yang terlibat dalam konflik atau radikalisme. Menurut perspektif keagamaan, khususnya dalam agama islam juga turut memengaruhi bagaimana naturalisasi dan repatriasi.dapat dipahami dan dilaksanakan, baik sebagai landasan penerimaan maupun pembatasan. Tidak hanya agama islam, agama-agama lain di Indonesia juga mendorong nilai kemanusiaan dan rekonsiliasi dalam menyikapi isu ini. Studi ini merekomendasikan pentingnya pendekatan multidisipliner dan dialog antara negara, tokoh agama, akademisi, serta masyarakat sipil untuk membentuk kebijakan kewarganegaraan yang menyeluruh dan berkeadilan.

2025

lit-fest-2017-book-review-age-of-anger-a-history-of-thepresent-by-pankaj-mishra/ How can we explain the apparent rise in hatred in societies around the world? In Age of Anger: A History of the Present, Pankaj Mishra offers a take on our current predicament by tracing increased disaffection, disappointment and disillusionment back through to the eighteenth century. Packed with references drawn from various disciplines and eras, this is a book whose insights deserve thorough contemplation as we search for answers to our 'age of anger', writes Kate Bailey.

2025, International Journal of Social Science and Human Research

Terrorists have utilized cyberspace to further their agendas, particularly in the expansion and dissemination of propaganda. Within this digital realm, terror actors orchestrate various processes of reconstruction and manipulate facts and reality. By applying Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory, terrorism is conceptualized as a stage play where social interactions are performed roles in a drama. This research examines how terrorist groups strategically design and present their propaganda as "performances" on social media and online forums, employing dramaturgical elements such as stages, roles, and audiences to enhance the effectiveness of their messaging. The study highlights the dramaturgical techniques employed in normalizing violence, leveraging symbolism, and fostering communities with shared ideologies. Insights from this research contribute to more effective counter-propaganda strategies that address the manipulative narratives propagated by terrorist groups in the digital era.

2025, PenanyaIzal

Narasi ini mengisahkan sosok Pak Sukamto, pemilik warung makan sederhana di Yogyakarta, yang mempraktikkan nilai-nilai Islam rahmatan lil-alamin melalui tindakan nyata—memberi makan siapa pun yang membutuhkan tanpa memandang status sosial. Kisah ini menyoroti perjumpaan Pak Sukamto dengan Darto, seorang pengamen jalanan, yang kemudian bangkit dari keterpurukan berkat kebaikan dan ketulusan yang ia terima. Narasi ini menunjukkan bahwa dakwah tidak selalu berbentuk ceramah, melainkan bisa diwujudkan melalui teladan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penulis mengaitkan nilai-nilai Islam tersebut dengan dunia teknik dan industri, mendorong mahasiswa untuk menerjemahkan ajaran Islam ke dalam inovasi yang inklusif, ramah lingkungan, dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan umat. Cerita ini menjadi refleksi bahwa cinta, kemanusiaan, dan kepedulian adalah esensi Islam sejati.

2025

Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stands as a leading model in confronting ideological deviations and extremism, having adopted the path of moderation and balance. It has strived to promote the noble values of Islam and to spread a... more

2025, The Efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Confronting Ideological Deviations

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stands as a leading model in confronting ideological deviations and extremism, having adopted the path of moderation and balance. It has strived to promote the noble values of Islam and to spread a culture of... more

2025, Migration and Society: Advances in Research

The politics of religious asylum is ripe for reassessment. Even as a robust literature on secularism and religion has shown otherwise over the past two decades, much of the discussion in this fi eld presumes that religion stands cleanly apart from law and politics. Th is article makes the case for a diff erent approach to religion in the context of asylum-seeking and claiming. In the United States, it suggests, the politics of asylum is integral to the maintenance of American exceptionalism. Participants in the asylum-seeking process create a gap between Americans and others, affi rming the promise of freedom, salvation, and redemption through conversion not to a particular religion or faith but to the American project itself. Th is hails a particular kind of subject of freed om and unencumbered choice. It is both a theological and a political process.

2025

The proliferation of extremist ideologies across digital platforms has created an urgent need for scalable counter-narrative strategies that can match the volume and sophistication of contemporary propaganda efforts. This article examines the potential of artificial intelligence-generated podcasts and radio programs as transformative tools for countering radicalisation, propaganda, and disinformation, with a particular focus on both Muslim-identified and European race-supremacist extremism. This study suggests that using AI to create audio content is a major change in how we fight against extremist ideas, based on lessons from history, modern technology, and research on how audio can influence people. The analysis incorporates a detailed examination of Nazi Germany's Arabic-language radio broadcasts during World War II as a cautionary historical case study, demonstrating the enduring power of audio propaganda to shape ideological landscapes. This article presents a comprehensive framework for the ethical deployment of AI-generated counter-narratives by synthesising current research on large language models, voice synthesis technology, and the psychological mechanisms of audio persuasion. The findings suggest that the unique persuasive properties of audio media, combined with the scalability and personalisation capabilities of modern AI systems, offer unprecedented opportunities to combat extremist messaging while fostering inclusive, evidence-based discourse across diverse communities.

2025, ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ АЗИЯ В НОВЫХ РЕАЛИЯХ КОНТРТЕРРОРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОВЕСТКИ: РИСКИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ

В статье рассматриваются трансформации глобальной контртеррористической повестки на фоне легитимации радикальных движений и смены международных риторик в отношении ранее признанных террористических группировок. Анализируются последствия этих изменений для стран Центральной Азии, включая вызовы институциональной адаптации, риски чрезмерной секьюритизации и эрозию доверия к государственной политике. Особое внимание уделено необходимости пересмотра национальных стратегий противодействия экстремизму, укреплению роли гражданского общества, а также выстраиванию координирированного регионального подхода. Предложены конкретные рекомендации по формированию устойчивого, многовекторного и культурно чувствительного подхода в условиях меняющейся архитектуры глобальной безопасности.

2025, Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigations

This paper explores the emergence, organization, and socio-political context of the Panga Boys gang in Mombasa, Kenya, and its far-reaching impact on urban security, youth development, and community stability. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork conducted in key gang-affected subcounties, the study investigates the structural drivers such as poverty, unemployment, political marginalization, and weak governance that contribute to gang formation and proliferation. The Panga Boys gang is characterized by decentralized cells that engage in violent crime, drug trafficking, and extortion, with recruitment strategies targeting economically and socially vulnerable youth. The paper critically evaluates state and community responses, highlighting the ineffectiveness of punitive policing and the potential of community-led initiatives. It also discusses the challenges and possibilities for rehabilitating and reintegrating former gang members. Ultimately, the study underscores the need for multisectoral, rights-based, and context-specific strategies to address gang violence and promote youth empowerment in Kenya's urban peripheries.

2025

Chronologically, the history of hospital facilities in Kosovo began at last decade of XIX and early years of XX century, followed by supplements, intervention and reconstruction through years. Actually, general hospitals in Peja, Gjakova, Prizren, Mitrovica, Ferizaj, Vushtri and Gjilan are identified as regional. University clinical centre of Kosovo belong to the tertiary care, but due to high flux of patients, it is acting as a general hospital too. Above mentioned hospitals were subject of this study. Since there is no proper evidence of systemized data regarding regional hospitals in Kosovo, this study attempts to perform a research on various aspects on this topic. In addition, to classify these hospitals, among others, regarding their construction period, typology, architecturally recognizable structure, spatial organization, by creating a proper data base which will enable serious analyses to be carried out. In this sense, initially all available information about relevant par...

2025

The impulse to exclude and shuning eccentric or extremist voices from public discourse is often driven by an understandable desire for civility, order, and the containment of potentially harmful ideologies. However, this exclusion comes at a significant intellectual and social cost. This process produces a public sphere that prizes median thinking over intellectual daring, conformity over critique. The result is a society less capable of self-reflection, more vulnerable to blind spots, and ironically, more likely to foster radicalism in the very spaces from which it sought to expel it.

2025, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

This study aims to provide a different perspective on the discussion of Jihad focusing on its educational aspects. Specifically, it seeks to understand the significance of Jamiatul Waqf Al-Islami bil Filibbin in Marawi City particularly in its endeavor in the academe such as policies, curriculum and activities in promoting the concept of Jihad. Moreover, the study aims to accumulate responses from the talamidh (students), asatidh (teachers), administration and other Muslims, not directly affiliated regarding the alleged involvement of the madrasah in violent extremism. Despite its reputation, the madrasah gained notoriety for allegedly harboring the group behind the Marawi siege. This negative perception has led to stereotypes about the madrasah institution notwithstanding its contribution in cultivating individuals grounded in Islamic teachings. Considering this, the researchers believe that there has to be qualitative research that will explore the role of madaris like Waqf and how they implement the concept of Jihad through education. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, specifically using purposive sampling. Results of the study was obtained from the twenty (20) students, ten (10) ustadz and other administrators through oral interview. The researchers deliberately selected Jamiatul Waqf Al-Islami Bil Filibbin in Marawi City due to its extensive student body known for adhering strictly to Islamic standards. The findings of this study shows that that Waqf as a religious institution in Marawi City is created to secure the hold of Islam in Marawi City through its jihad in propagating the pure teachings of Islam. The institution's activities are rooted in educational and religious development rather than violent extremism. The association of madrasah with extremis mis largely driven by misconception and incident like Marawi Seige. Through this study, Waqf emerges as a center for Islamic learning promoting Jihad in its purest and peaceful context. Waqf serves as a religious institution committed to the peaceful propagation of Islamic teachings. The notion that is foster violent extremis mis unsupported by the narratives of talamidh, asatidh and the administrators. It is recommended that similar studies on other existing madaris institutions must be conducted

2025, Monsoon: Journal of the Indian Ocean Rim

Existing at the intersection of continental Africa and the Indian Ocean world, Islamic reform along the Kenyan coast has often involved an insertion in local religious discourse of intellectual traditions prevalent in the Middle East. Less emphasized in examinations of the theological foundations of Islamic reform are the "civilizational" imperatives-especially in the contexts of ambiguous but powerful racial thinking-that intersect with the reformist agenda. Read in this context, a local brand of Islam along the coast was cast as undesirably tainted by cultural practices termed bid'a (heretical Islamic innovation) as early as the first decades of the twentieth century. The majority of these practices could be traced to the coast's immediate hinterland, that is, the world of African traditions (or in local, implicitly racialized language, the world of barbarism, ushenzi). A group of Islamic reformers active in the 1980s, and whose status had been questioned by the colonial experience as lower than that of Arabs, inserted their project within such civilizational discourses, implicitly activating extant ideas about racial difference. While the overzealous nature of their opposition to bid'a led to their denunciation by the vast majority of their audiences simply as Wahhabists, that is, as gullible upstarts, their primary motivation, this article illustrates, was a need to assert themselves as people of high status within a hierarchy marked by racial difference.

2025, Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal

Literature increasingly indicates that affectivity plays a major role in violent extremism. Nevertheless, much of the work on affectivity in the context of violent extremism has so far remained a fragmented background issue. The purpose of this paper is to bring affect to the foreground through philosophical accounts of situated affectivity, while remaining compatible with contributions on emotions and affect from different disciplines in the context of extremism. The situated account explains how environmental structures affect individual affectivity and vice versa. With the help of this framework, we are able to analyze an individual's affective dynamics simultaneously with multiple elements. By using different analytical vantage points, we can examine how the affectivity of individuals is shaped and regulated by other individuals, materials, spaces, discourses, and behaviors in extremist settings. The approach provides a broader and richer perspective on the complexities and dynamics of affect in extremism. Affect-centric counter-and preventive policies relating to violent extremism can benefit from this approach.

2025, Frontiers in Psychology

Studies on radicalization tend to focus on the dynamics of extremist groups and how they exploit grievances of vulnerable individuals. It is imperative, however, to also understand the societal factors that lead to such vulnerabilities and grievances. Our social environment plays a key role in how we view the world and shape our beliefs. By understanding the social dynamics, we can gain insight into the motivations that drive people to extremism. Throughout this paper, we examine the societal factors and processes such as discriminative institutional structures and social norms/practices that can make an individual vulnerable and serve as a driving force for them to join a radical group. To do that, we use the process-oriented psychology of Arnold Mindell and the phenomenology of whiteness of Sara Ahmed as our theoretical framework. These frameworks help us map out the societal dynamics causing individuals to carve social niches out of their current social group and into an extremist group. We use interviews with exmilitants of the radical group, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, to show how certain societal dynamics, such as social injustice, misuse of power, marginalization and discrimination, served as key factors that led these individuals to identify and sympathize with radical ideology. The aim of this paper is to emphasize that, to develop effective preventative measures against recruitment into extremist groups, it is imperative to have a profound understanding of the social dynamics that make an individual susceptible to radicalization in the first place.

2025

The RiskTrack project aims to help in the prevention of terrorism through the identification of online radicalisation. In line with the European Union priorities in this matter, this project has been designed to identify and tackle the indicators that raise a red flag about which individuals or communities are being radicalised and recruited to commit violent acts of terrorism. Therefore, the main goals of this project will be twofold: On the one hand, it is needed to identify the main features and characteristics that can be used to evaluate a risk situation, to do that a risk assessment methodology studying how to detect signs of radicalisation (e.g., use of language, behavioural patterns in social networks...) will be designed. On the other hand, these features will be tested and analysed using advanced data mining methods, knowledge representation (semantic and ontology engineering) and multilingual technologies. The innovative aspect of this project is to not offer just a methodology on risk assessment, but also a tool that is build based on this methodology, so that the prosecutors, judges, law enforcement and other actors can obtain a short term tangible results.

2025

Following the Taliban's return to power in Afghanistan, the district of Swat has witnessed an upsurge in terrorist instances. The region once plagued by a decade-long insurgency post-9/11, the resurgence has sparked widespread concern among civilians, casting a shadow of doubt in the state's strategies to curtail it. The present study aims to conduct an inclusive examination of how the resurgence of terrorism and state counter-terrorism policy influences the trust relationship between civilians and the state. Guided by the institutional trust theory, the study uses a quantitative research design. Scales are developed applying factor analysis while the data is analysed using simple linear regression analysis. The findings depict significant negative relationships between the dependent and each of the independent variables, confirming the hypotheses of the study. These determine that the resurgence of terrorism and the state counter-terrorism policy have significantly eroded the trust relationship between the state and society. In light of the findings, the study recommends deep considerations of the perception and will of the public for devising effective countering strategies that go beyond kinetic measures. It calls for engaging the victim communities in counter-terrorism efforts to rebuild trust, which if not heeded, may result in the state's legitimacy crises.

2025

RSIS Commentaries are intended to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy relevant background and analysis of contemporary developments. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position of the

2025

We use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school degrees on wages in different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school degrees have a statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies either when the review is made in countries away from the tropics or when factors such as sex, race, and continent are taken into account. Our results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is included into the analysis the later remains statistically significant.

2025

State-sponsored cross-border terrorism originating from Pakistan and certain neighboring countries continues to pose a significant threat to India's national security, political stability, governance, and economic sustainability. These persistent threats have multifaceted implications, ranging from destabilizing democratic institutions to disrupting development initiatives and deterring foreign investments. The strategic

2025

British Muslims today are deepening their engagement with the British state. For most of the period since World War II, Muslims in Britain could have been regarded as on the periphery of national politics. The post-war generation from the Indian subcontinent had largely migrated to Britain for economic reasons, not expecting to remain for the long term (Gilliat-Ray 2010; Gardner 2002). The 1989 Rushdie Affair brought Muslim identities to the fore and ushered in an era of protest-based engagement that would crest in the large-scale Iraq ...

2025

A nova Constituição Brasileira, promulgada em 5 de outubro de 1988, faz referência direta à Política Urbana, cujo objetivo fundamental é "ordenar o pleno desenvolvimento das funções sociais da cidade e garantir o bem-estar de seus habitantes". Estabelece também competência ao município para organizar e prestar diretamente ou sob regime de concessão ou permissão os serviços públicos de interesse local, entre os quais estão incluídos os de saneamento e conseqüentemente o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos municipais. Nesse contexto, a CPRM, através da Residência de Porto Velho, atendendo à solicitação da Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Branco, capital do Estado do Acre, empreendeu estudos no entorno da cidade de Rio Branco, com o objetivo de selecionar áreas para a disposição de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos. Os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos pelo geólogo Amílcar Adamy, da Residência de Porto Velho. Na etapa de campo, contou-se também com a participação da Eng. Civil Cláudia de Souza Santos, técnica da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente. A realização deste trabalho só foi possível devido à ação conjunta da CPRM, através da Superintendência Regional de Manaus e da Residência de Porto Velho e da Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Branco, envolvendo o Plano Diretor e a Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente, que a partir de seus recursos humanos e financeiros permitiram incorporar de maneira definitiva as informações sobre o meio físico e o meio construído como condicionantes fundamentais na seleção de áreas para disposição de resíduos sólidos. São aqui descritos e analisados 10 (dez) locais situados em diferentes porções no entorno da cidade de Rio Branco, selecionados segundo critérios eliminatórios estabelecidos pela Legislação Ambiental Brasileira bem como critérios seletivos relacionados aos aspectos do meio físico e aos aspectos socioeconômicos. Este trabalho contempla também uma descrição sucinta do local de disposição atual de resíduos sólidos do município, onde são descritas algumas sugestões para serem aplicadas em sua recuperação ambiental e recomposição paisagística. São incorporados ainda os anexos 1, apresentando as fichas de descrição dos locais selecionados durante este trabalho e, no Anexo 2, o produto cartográfico final indicando a representação espacial das áreas estudadas. Espera-se, pois, que as informações geradas neste trabalho balizem a tomada de decisões político-administrativas, auxiliem no equacionamento dos problemas relacionados à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos e garanta o processo de implantação do futuro aterro sanitário de Rio Branco. em Capixaba a 5,96% em Sena Madureira, destacando-se ainda os municípios de Bujari (9,19%), Porto Acre (9,10%) e Senador Guiomard (8,43%). Este menor índice de crescimento populacional favorece uma melhor gestão do espaço urbano, com uma distribuição mais apropriada dos serviços públicos básicos, particularmente, no presente caso, na coleta de resíduos sólidos urbanos. A localização geográfica da sede urbana, ocupando parcialmente a planície aluvial do rio Acre, contribui para a existência de áreas sujeitas às alagações / inundações no período chuvoso devido tanto à elevação do nível freático como do nível fluviométrico do rio, produzindo conseqüências desastrosas para a população ribeirinha. Dados coletados e disponibilizados pelo SNIS ( ) revelam que 77% do perímetro urbano são atendidos pelo abastecimento de água, com 35.600 ligações ativas, divididas em dois sistemas distintos -1º e 2º Distritos, a partir das ETA's Sobral e Judia, respectivamente. A captação de água do Sistema Sobral é efetuada no rio Acre, sendo que este sistema é responsável por 92% da produção total de água consumida na cidade. O Sistema Judia atende a cerca de 15% da demanda de água da cidade, utilizando como manancial as águas do Igarapé Judia. O Sistema de Esgotamento Sanitário restringe-se a apenas 24% da cidade, com cerca de 12.300 ligações localizadas predominantemente na área mais urbanizada. Corresponde a 120 km de redes coletoras, lançando seus efluentes em fundos de vales, igarapés e no próprio rio Acre, sem qualquer tipo de tratamento. Cumpre ressaltar que estes serviços foram municipalizados através do Serviço de Águas e Esgoto de Rio Branco -SAERB. Ao longo dos últimos anos não houve uma melhora substancial nos índices de atendimento de água e esgotos devido à falta de recursos para investimentos, contudo desde o ano de 2001, o município de Rio Branco implantou um Plano Diretor e Projeto Executivo para balizar as ações de saneamento básico a serem desenvolvidas na mancha urbana, o que deverá se traduzir em um crescimento substancial nesses índices nos próximos anos. Com relação à disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, constata-se que o atual depósito não atende plenamente aos critérios sanitários e ambientais exigidos pela legislação vigente. Esta prática tem sido um fator de conflito de uso do solo e, na maioria das vezes, resulta em um comprometimento da qualidade de vida da população do entorno devido à poluição do ar, da água e à degradação do solo. O lixo disposto de forma inadequada propicia a poluição atmosférica pelos odores desagradáveis resultantes da decomposição da matéria orgânica. Os líquidos percolados, oriundos da massa de lixo, podem contaminar os cursos d'água

2025, RSIS Commentary

The nature and influence of Extreme Right, White Christian Nationalism on the Trump 2.0 administration and its wider global normative and ideological impact need closer analysis. Extreme Right ideology of any stripe is not workable in the... more

2025, Center for Human Rights and Policy Studies

The jihadist threat in Eastern Africa has, since its origins in the 1990s, developed out of regional ideological, and later, operational networks. Tracing the origins of the threat from a confluence of national Muslim agitation and activism in the 1990s to the emergence and evolution of Al-Shabaab in Somalia, its regional affiliates, and other regional affiliates.of the Islamic State (IS), from Somalia to Mozambique, the paper recommends the development of regional strategies and regional co-operation in taming the threat, working especially, through existing regional bodies, such as the EAC, SADC and IGAD.

2025, REINVENT

Following the Al-Shabaab attack on 15 January 2019 at 14 Riverside Business Complex that houses Nairobi's DusitD2 Hotel, media and policy discussions centered around the nature of violent extremist recruitment in areas in Kenya not traditionally associated with the problem. This report presents findings of a study and investigation conducted in 2020-21 of violent extremist activities in Marsabit, the North-Rift region and Western Kenya, where recommendations for preventive programming are anchored on knowledge of local contextual factors, and of the evolving extremist landscape. The study was supported by the Royal United Services Institute's (RUSI) Nairobi Office, REIVENT programme, and conducted by Ngala Chome, PhD.

2025, African Future Lab

This article aims to shed light on how Western legal and
judicial institutions have been maintained despite their
inadequacy in African countries, as well as how this
continuity inflicts violence on African populations. The
modernization paradigm at the heart of the colonial process
which explains the establishment of Western court systems
in African society has not only been maintained, it has been
buttressed by international development institutions whose
policies are reproducing Western visions of law and judicial
institutions, at least in part, to promote economic growth
and ensure the security of foreign investors. This article
shows how the inadequacies of these policies have led
to multiple forms of violence perpetrated against African
populations deprived of their access to justice.

2025

| 2 Remerciements: Nous tenons à remercier les participantes et participants à l'étude. Merci à Samuel Perrier pour son travail sur la mise en page du rapport et à Rosemarie Fradet pour la mise en oeuvre du sondage. Merci au Centre d'aide en français du Cégep Édouard-Montpetit pour la relecture de ce rapport. Merci à Ariane Lafortune, professeure au Cégep Édouard-Montpetit, au service des communications du Cégep Édouard-Montpetit, à Valérie Damourette, conseillère à la recherche du Cégep Édouard-Montpetit, au personnel des Cégeps de Saint-Hyacinthe et de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ainsi qu'à ceux et celles qui ont contribué à l'amélioration de ce rapport.

2025

One of the fundamental problems Nigeria is currently battling with is the challenge of sessessionist group. This paper is a critical examination of the use of small arms and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in connection with the proliferation of arms in the Eastern region of Nigeria. The use of small arms has led to serious political insecurity; resulting in educational, socio-political and economic challenges. The objective of this paper is to reveal a dialectical assessment of the Roman Catholic Church and conflict management in Estern Nigeria in connection with the unpalatable consequences of conflict on the Estern Nigeria. One of the tenets of the Church is to promote peace and tranquilllity. This paper adopts hermeneutical methodology in explaining and examining the use of small arms and the role of the Catholic Church in conflict management with regard to the Eastern region of Nigeria. Findings, however, show that billions have been lost since the inception of conflicts in the Eastern region of Nigeria; and the socioeconomic activities have been slowed down since the emergence of sectarian groups such as Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). The use of small arms has dire consequences on humanity. The Roman Catholic Church is saddled with the task of addressing the use of small arms among the peoples of the Eastern region of Nigeria. This paper, however, concludes that the Roman Catholic Church plays a critical role in addressing the menace of the use of small arms in Eastern Nigeria. One significant recommendation in addressing the problem of conflict in Eastern Nigeria is the adoption of the indispensability of dialogue between the aggrieved members of Indigenous People of Biafra and the Nigerian government.

2025, Control of Mines by Terrorists, Access to Explosives, and Manufacturing of IEDs in the Sahel and West Africa

The influence of terrorist groups in the mining sector of the Sahel has a series of consequences. Besides being an important source of financing for these groups, it allows them to build an elaborated logistical support, grants them access to precursors utilised in the manufacturing of explosive devices or directly to explosive devices. The mines become multipurpose bases for the militants. They use them as weapons and explosives caches, to extort and tax miners, and to recruit militants. All Sahelian countries have lost control of part of the official extracting sector and have had traditionally little control on artisanal mining, which roughly matches the official one in tonnes of gold produced. The basic ingredients used for the manufacturing of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), is readily available in the mines. The low costs of manufacturing and the relative easiness of assemblage of the IEDs' components, make them a formidable weapon in the hands of the terrorists, especially if compared to the symbolic and political effects that they achieve. Armed groups have progressively employed them with diversified tactics, either to target vehicles or people on foot, both having a terrorising effect on the population and a destructive effect on Sahelian armed forces. Precursors such as ammonium nitrate and urea are trafficked in and out of the Sahel thanks to porous borders, a highly heterogenous regional regulative landscape, and an endemic corruption of elements of the authorities.

2025, Sapientia global journal of sustainable development

Recidivism remains a significant challenge within the Nigerian prison system, often exacerbated by inadequate rehabilitation programs. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been widely recognized as an effective intervention for reducing criminal behavior by addressing cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of CBT in reducing recidivism among inmates in Nigerian prisons. Grounded in Rational Choice Theory, which posits that individuals make decisions based on perceived costs and benefits, this research explores how CBT reshapes cognitive processes to discourage reoffending. The study employs a quasiexperimental design, comparing recidivism rates between two groups of inmates: those who participated in a structured CBT program and a control group that did not receive CBT. Data will be collected through pre-and post-intervention assessments, structured interviews, and official prison records. The study aims to measure behavioral changes, decision-making improvements, and post-release reintegration success. Additionally, qualitative insights from inmates and prison officials will provide a comprehensive understanding of the program's impact. Findings from this research will contribute to policy discussions on prison rehabilitation in Nigeria and highlight the potential of CBT as a viable tool for reducing recidivism. By identifying the strengths and limitations of current rehabilitation efforts, this study seeks to inform stakeholders-including correctional institutions, policymakers, and psychologistson best practices for inmate reintegration. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of evidence-based interventions in creating a more effective and rehabilitative prison system.

2025, GLOBAL HEALTH 2021, The Tenth International Conference on Global Health Challenges

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many users actively working and learning from their homes with long hours of sitting and screen time. Health and wellness are the two concepts that require digital users to be aware of and self-managed towards social, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. There are multitude of digital interactions available now. Due to movement controls, there are various ideas and opportunities that have surfaced for users to interact for health and wellness, especially on using applications for contact tracing and vaccination management. This paper reviewed literature and survey reports on two user groups, namely the digital talents who serve the digital industries and youth gamers who are attending school online. Their digital interaction experiences with work-life balance were revealed and discussed. The paper ends by proposing how wellness concepts can be integrated into digital interactions for maintaining a balance of life and its quality.

2025, Critica Penal Y Poder

2025

This essay examines the evolution and effectiveness of the United Kingdom’s counterterrorism strategy since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Focusing primarily on the development and implementation of the CONTEST strategy, it analyzes how UK policy has adapted to the shifting nature of the terrorist threat—moving from the post-IRA era to the rise of Islamist terrorism. The four pillars of CONTEST—Prevent, Pursue, Protect, and Prepare—are critically evaluated, with particular attention to their theoretical underpinnings, practical application, and public reception. Drawing on key governmental updates, academic critiques, and security sector insights, the essay highlights both the strengths and limitations of the strategy. It finds that while CONTEST has been successful in preventing large-scale terrorist attacks and has become an internationally recognized model, it faces ongoing challenges, particularly in the Prevent pillar’s implementation and public trust. The essay concludes by arguing that although CONTEST has proven to be a largely effective framework, its strategic development has stagnated. A renewed, forward-looking approach is needed to address emerging threats and ensure long-term resilience.

2025, Madani

Studi Islam merupakan usaha secara sadar dan sistematis untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta membahas secara mendalam seluk beluk atau hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan agama Islam, baik berhubungan dengan ajaran, sejarah, maupun praktik-praktik pelaksanaannya secara empiris dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Secara garis besar terdapat dua bentuk pendekatan dalam kajian Islam, yakni teologis dan sejarah agama-agama. Kajian teologis banyak dikaji oleh sarjana Timur yang kemudian diartikulasikan menjadi sistem teologi, hukum, dan ibadah, dan secara dominan menggunakan metode filologi. Adapun, studi Islam di Barat atau Eropa lebih cenderung mengkaji sejarah agama, terutama sistem praktik keagamaan.