Credibility (Psychology) Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

Measuring trust in technology is a mainstay in Human Factors research. While trust may not perfectly predict reliance on technology or compliance with alarm signals, it is routinely used as a design consideration and assessment goalpost. Several methods of measuring trust have been employed in the past decades, but one self-report measure stands out due to its popular use, the Trust in Automated Systems Survey (Jian, Bisantz, & Drury, 2000). We conducted a study to assess whether the survey could create biased responses, and found evidence the original scale is in fact skewed toward positive ratings. Assessing the literature revealed the survey has been used in unaltered form across at least 100 different reports and remains frequently administered – therefore, the potential impact of this bias may be widespread. Future directions, considerations, and caveats for our assessment, and for using this scale, are discussed.

2025

O rápido crescimento da Internet tem provocado um crescente volume de informação sem garantia de qualidade. Apesar de seus benefícios, o aumento da disponibilidade de informações também pode resultar em muitos efeitos potencialmente prejudiciais tanto para os usuários, quanto para os profissionais de saúde se não disponibilizadas de forma adequada. Com o objetivo de definir critérios de avaliação de qualidade para sites de saúde, a pesquisa identificou os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a qualidade da informação em saúde na Internet e seus critérios utilizados. Analisou e comparou os principais instrumentos desenvolvidos no mundo, identificando métodos de aplicação como autorregulação e certificação de qualidade de sites de saúde. Concluiu-se que muitos dos instrumentos são incompletos para avaliar informações em saúde para o ambiente da Internet. A maioria dos instrumentos julga se a informação é crível, mas a busca por informação em saúde em site pode apresentar um desafio maior do que apenas encontrar informações de credibilidade. O site pode ser difícil de usar, apresentar linguagem incompreensível para o leigo ou até mesmo ser inacessível. No entanto, a credibilidade da informação é um ponto de partida, enfatiza-se que tais informações precisam estar disponíveis para todos. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta com 80 itens para verificação da qualidade de sites de saúde agrupados em três dimensões de avaliação: Dimensão Conteúdo -refere-se aspectos relacionados à Acurácia, Abrangência e Legibilidade das informações apresentadas. Dimensão Técnicarefere-se aos aspectos de Credibilidade, Publicidade e patrocínio, Segurança e privacidade, Aspectos éticos, Interatividade e Suporte ao usuário. Dimensão Designrefere-se aos aspectos de Usabilidade e Acessibilidade do site. Além disso, sugere a criação de um selo de qualidade para sites de saúde no Brasil. Palavras-chaves: Qualidade da informação. Avaliação de sites. Informação em saúde.Internet

2024, European Journal of Social Psychology

Emotion displays do not only signal emotions but also have social signal value. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that expressing anger when complaining may lead to positive outcomes for the complainant because anger signals goal obstruction and hence the presence of real harm. The results suggest that the social signal value of anger enhances the credibility of the complainant and hence leads to better compensation, but only when the complaint itself presents room for doubt. For highly justified complaints the additional expression of anger does not add information and is discounted. In contrast, showing an affiliative‐smiling demeanor was found to enhance credibility for both types of complaints. Overall, the present research confirmed the important role of emotion expressions as social signals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2024, Annette Eberle / Thomas Schlemmer / Susanna Schrafstetter / Alan E. Steinweis (eds.), Recht, Unrecht und Gerechtigkeit. Politische Justiz zwischen Diktatur und Demokratie

2024, Health Marketing Quarterly

Though the pandemic has passed, social media-based messaging continues to exhibit COVID-19related cues (e.g., wearing a face mask to stay safe), continuing to foster consumers' healthprotective behavior. However, it remains unclear how social media communications (e.g., advertising) affect such behavior, exposing an important literature-based gap. Addressing this gap, we deploy Ducoffe's advertising value model to examine how pandemic-related advertisements (e.g., those urging consumers to stay safe, including post-the pandemic) impact their healthprotective behavior. We also examine how consumer engagement (CE) mediates these associations. To explore these issues, we collected data from a sample of 301 Gen Z consumers, which was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. We find that informative, credible, irritating, and obtrusive ads raise consumer engagement and healthprotective behavior. Engagement was also found to strengthen these associations, revealing its strategic value. We conclude by outlining important theoretical and practical implications that arise from our analyses.

2024, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

Motivated by work that characterizes view-based social media practices as “passive use,” contrasting it with more desirable, interactive “active use,” this study explores how social media users understand their viewing and clicking practices and the empirical relationship between them. Employing a combination of eye tracking, survey, and interview methods, our study (N = 42) investigates the non-click—instances where people intentionally and thoughtfully do not click on content they spend time viewing. Counterintuitively, we find no difference in viewing duration to clicked versus non-clicked Facebook content. We find that use motivations and Facebook feed content are significant predictors of click behavior but measures of overall use, such as network size or minutes of use per day, are not. Our interview data reveal three audience-related concerns that contribute to deliberate non-clicking and illustrate how non-clicked content contributes to social connectedness when imported int...

2024, Miguel Hernández Communication Journal

Resumen Los medios de comunicación han alcanzado en nuestra sociedad una importancia capital como agentes de socialización de primer orden, hasta el punto de que lo que no aparece en ellos se invisibiliza para la opinión pública. En el caso de las drogodependencias suelen ser la principal fuente de información, especialmente para la gente joven, por lo que su capacidad de influencia es determinante. En este sentido, los medios de comunicación no sólo transmiten noticias sino que representan una poderosa herramienta para transmitir conocimientos en materia de drogas. Sin embargo, la visión parcial o “descontextualizada” que ofrecen los medios de comunicación sobre el consumo de drogas y la falta de rigor con la que suelen exponer la información provoca una desinformación en los receptores y un deterioro en la credibilidad que se le otorga a este tipo de informaciones. Este estudio piloto se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 115 estudiantes universitarios de primer curso del Grado de Ps...

2024

Background: Actually media are the first information source for young people. Notwithstanding, in spite of quantity and variety of available messages, information is not always built properly because of frequent discrepancies media usually expose it. With reference to the informative treatment that media brings to health issues in general, and more specific about drug issues, it's frequent that perception tend to a big sensationalism and non contextualized information, what has a negative bearing on credibility over media.

2024

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2024

2024, Journal of Consumer Marketing

This study employed the responses of 237 subjects to questions regarding the emotions they experienced while complaining about products or organizations to test a neo‐Freudian catharsis hypothesis concerning the consequences for repeat purchasing of angry customer complaints. Aggressive complaining frequently led to the psychologically gratifying relief of frustration, and hence to higher post‐complaint levels of regard for the product or supplying firm. Identifies sub‐groups of customers possessing specific personal characteristics (extreme type‐A, type‐B personalities, low self‐esteem, guilt‐propensity); examines disparities in the patterns of complaining behavior of the various categories; and assesses the implications of the differences observed. Of the respondents who reported having complained angrily, 82 percent continued to buy the products (or use particular suppliers). Some even increased purchasing levels. Concludes that firms should actively encourage assertive complaini...

2024

For years, scholars of the inoculation theory of resistance to influence have considered threat to be a major part of the resistance process—the motivational force that triggers such responses as counterarguing against future challenges to a position. More recently, scholars have begun to question the conventional explanation for the importance and/or role of threat in inoculation, (re)considering its importance, its conceptualization, and in some cases, its very existence in the process of attitudinal/belief inoculation. This theoretical article synthesizes some of the key arguments advanced about threat in inoculation theory and traces its development from the earliest iterations of the theory to its contemporary development and application. It proposes five avenues for future investigations of threat and/in inoculation theory in the continuing study of persuasion.

2024, Journal of Consumer Marketing

2023, Current Psychology

The impression of trustworthiness based on someone’s facial appearance biases our subsequent behavior toward that subject in a variety of contexts. In this study, we investigated whether facial trustworthiness also biases the credibility of utterances associated with that face (H1). We explored whether this bias is mitigated by utterances eliciting reasoning, i.e. explanations (as opposed to factual statements; H2). Moreover, we hypothesized that overimposing facemasks on those faces could enhance/reduce utterance credibility due to social value of mask-wearing (H3), and that facemasks could counter the putative credibility bias introduced by facial trustworthiness (H4). If so, this may be either because facemasks remove the visual information necessary for trustworthiness impression (H4a), or because information is less salient, although it can be retrieved under different circumstances (H4b). An online study (N = 159) was conducted to test these hypotheses. In the first task, subj...

2023, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

This study describes the assimilation and validation of Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID). ACID is derived from investigative interviewing, Criteria-Based Content Analysis, Reality Monitoring, and interpersonal deception. Each component has been previously published. Thirty-eight university undergraduates entered a professor's offi ce and either stole an exam or replaced an exam that had been stolen previously. They were interviewed 1 week later with the Reality Interview, which is deliberately challenging and aims to enhance the detection of deception. Half responded honestly and completely; half distorted their responses to avoid incrimination. Incentives were provided. Honest responses were longer, more detailed, and contained more admissions of potential mistakes. Most importantly, honest respondents benefi ted from attempts to enhance recall, whereas these same attempts caused deceptive respondents to provide shorter, more repetitive statements. This is a promising technique; 33 of 38 cases were classifi ed accurately. Discussion includes characteristics of deception, process of deception during an investigative interview, hypothetical interview strategies to facilitate the detection of deception, strengths and weaknesses of the study, and areas for future research.

2023, The Open Criminology Journal

Assessment Criteria Indicative of deception (ACID) is a statement analysis technique that combines careful interviewing designed to facilitate the detection of deception with empirically-derived content criteria related to both the phenomenal and objective nature of deception.. The current study of ACID had three goals. The first goal was to replicate ACID with a population of incarcerated witnesses. The second goal was to study the extension of this procedure by adding coherence and the type-token ratio for dependent measures. The third goal was to investigate the possibility of gender differences in verbal interpersonal deception. In meeting the first and second goals, this study demonstrated honest statements were longer and more detailed than deceptive statements, and that honest statements specifically had more words and more unique details added as a result of the recall enhancement effect of the interview. Honest statements were more coherent and had lower type-token ratios. In meeting the third goal, this study demonstrated that women's statements were more coherent and contained more words than male statements. Deceptive females gave less detail, fewer word, and had higher type-token ratios than deceptive men. Honest women gave more words and more detail than honest men. Importantly, coherence is very dependent upon gender, so that an honest man is more likely to tell an incoherent story than is a deceptive woman. Using gender-specific norms significantly increased the classification accuracy of a discriminant function analysis. Overall, 74 of 83 participants were accurately classified as honest or deceptive using the dependent measures. Future research is necessary to firmly establish the presence and cause of gender differences in verbal deception.

2023, Social Science & Medicine

Rationale: Extensive research has shown that implicit trait inferences from facial appearance can bias everyday life in a pervasive way, influencing our decisions in different social contexts such as mate choice, political vote and criminal sentence. In situations characterized by time pressure and scant information, decisions based on inferences from facial appearance may have particularly critical and serious consequences, such as in emergency healthcare. No studies today have investigated this aspect in an actual emergency. Objective: The aim of the present study was to go beyond this gap and to determine whether implicit inferences from patients' facial appearance could be predictive of disparities in clinical evaluations and priority of treatment. Methods: In total, 183 cases of patients were evaluated by independent judges at zero acquaintance on the basis of different implicit facial appearance-based inferences, including trustworthiness and distress. Color-based priority code (White, Green, or Yellow) attributed by the triage nurse at the end of the registration process were recorded. Results: Our results showed that more trustworthy-and distressed-looking patients' faces have been associated with a higher priority code. Conclusions: The present study shows that specific facial appearance-based inferences influence the attribution of priority code in healthcare that require quick decisions based on scarce clinical information such as in emergency. These results suggest the importance to bring to the attention of the healthcare professionals' the possibility of being victims of implicit inferences, and prompt to design educational interventions capable to increase their awareness of this bias in clinical evaluation.

2023, Frontiers in neuroinformatics

The interview is still the main and most important tool in psychiatrist's work. The neuroimaging methods such as CT or MRI are widely used in other fields of medicine, for instance neurology. However, psychiatry lacks effective quantitative methods to support of diagnosis. A novel neuroinformatic approach to help clinical patients by means of electroencephalographic technology in order to build foundations for finding neurophysiological biomarkers of psychiatric disorders is proposed. A cohort of 30 right-handed patients (21 males, 9 females) with psychiatric disorders (mainly with panic and anxiety disorder, Asperger syndrome as well as with phobic anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, nonorganic hypersomnia, and moderate depressive episode) were examined using the dense array EEG amplifier in the P300 experiment. The results were compared with the control group of 30 healthy, right-handed male volunteers. The quantitative ...

2023

Based on research in the United Nations high commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) archives in Geneva, this article aims to reflect, through an examination of UNHCR's huge operation during the Bosnian war, on the major role played by the crisis paradigm in conflict management and related population movements, and on the construction and conceptualization over time of long-term forms of migration management. It analyses how the notion of "preventive protection" which emerges in the early 1990s illustrates a shift in the asylum regime, which concerns altogether the categories of its beneficiaries, the spaces, and the very nature of its application. The focus on humanitarian operations taking place as close as possible to the areas from which refugees are coming is at the origin of new patterns of emergency management which intend to contain and eventually hinder massive refugee flows and migration. This new approach of refugees flow was experimented during the Bosnian war; the UNHCR reflected on this experience and its learnings to build up long-term strategies for managing migration in a context of increased States' hostility to the permanent welcoming of refugees. The continuity between wartime and peacetime for experimenting and enforcing new modes of migration management is emphasized, in order to show that the importance of the crisis paradigm symbolized by open conflicts and wars is thereafter used as a tool to manage migration flows in ordinary times.

2023, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

Relying on SIDE theory, this 2 × 2 experimental design tested the effects of adherence to organizational norms and interpersonal familiarity in e-mail messages from both superior and subordinate perspectives. Results reveal that using norm-congruent e-mail messages account for over 50% of the variance in both superior and subordinate attitudes toward the message and between 30% and 56% of the variance in perceptions of source credibility. Data from the superiors indicate that norm congruent e-mail messages account for 14.4% of the variance in message compliance. Results from subordinates reveal an interaction effect that is consistent with SIDE-based predictions. Subordinates believe superiors are most likely to comply with e-mail requests from unfamiliar subordinates that are crafted in a manner congruent with organizational norms.

2023, The British Journal of Sociology

2023

This thesis explores hegemonic discourses associated with the constructs of gender, culture, and transglobal migration from China to the United States and how these discourses might be made visible, resisted, internalized, reappropriated, and queered through live performance. This thesis used the methodology of critical adaptation and adapted Maxine Hong Kingston's novel The Woman Warrior (1976) into a one-woman performance that explored hegemonic social structures of gender, culture, and transglobal migration and the ways in which identity is constructed and performed. Through a critical adaptation and performance of literature, this thesis reflects, expands, and raises some of the nuanced issues of transglobal identity that move between structures of marginality and empowerment. The timeline of this thesis project expanded over the course of a year and a half. The spring semester in 2009 was dedicated to adapting Maxine Hong Kingston's novel The Woman Warrior. In the beginning months of the fall of 2009, the prospectus was written and the performance was rehearsed. In the month of October, the prospectus defense was held and of the performance was premiered on the evenings of November 5 th , 6 th , and 7 th in Hugh Gillis Hall room 231 at San José State University. And lastly, in the spring semester of 2010, the analytical portion was completed. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you, Dr. Spangler. It is an honor having you as my advisor and my mentor. I am forever grateful for your unremitting guidance, wisdom, and everything you have taught me. I deeply admire you as a scholar, as a teacher, as an artist, and as a friend. Thank you, Dr. Fassett and Dr. Terry. It is an honor having you on my committee. Your mentorship, support, and thought provoking questions inspire me to be a better writer and scholar. Thank you, members of the Department of Communication Studies. It is an honor being part of this community. I will forever cherish the memories. Thank you, San José State University. For all the faculty, staff, and reviewers who have contributed to the success of thesis work. Thank you, my Graduate School and GTA Cohort. Thank you for the life long friendships. Lastly, thank you dear dad and mom, family, friends, and loved ones. I could not have done this without your wisdom, guidance, love, and support. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter

2023, The British Journal of Sociology

2023, Law and human behavior

Within the scope of judicial decisions, approaches to distinguish between true and fabricated statements have been of particular importance since ancient times. Although methods focusing on "prototypical" deceptive behavior (e.g., psychophysiological phenomena, nonverbal cues) have largely been rejected with regard to validity, content-based techniques constitute a promising approach and are well established within the applied forensic context. The basic idea of this approach is that experience-based and nonexperience-based statements differ in their content-related quality. In order to test the validity of the most prominent content-based techniques, criteria-based content analysis (CBCA) and reality monitoring (RM), we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on English- and German-language studies. Based on a variety of decision criteria, 56 studies were included revealing an overall effect size of g = 1.03 (95% confidence interval [0.78, 1.27], Q = 420.06, p < .001, ...

2023, The British Journal of Sociology

2023, Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación

Apresenta-se o processo de construção e validação de um instrumento de avaliação da e-literacia em saúde para a população adulta portuguesa. A Escala de e-Literacia em Saúde (EeLS) é constituída por 16 itens, organizados em 3 subescalas: (1) e-Literacia em Saúde Funcional; (2) e-Literacia em Saúde Comunicacional; (3) e-Literacia em Saúde Crítica. O questionário foi administrado de forma eletrónica, participando no estudo 316 indivíduos, 66.1% do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 78 anos (M=35.12; DP=14.49). A EeLS revelou apresentar boa sensibilidade, elevada fidelidade e boa validade interna, assim como uma boa validade convergente-discriminante.

2023, Journal of Consumer Marketing

2023, Collaboration, Electronic messaging, Anti-Abuse and Spam Conference (CEAS)

With millions of users tweeting around the world, real time search systems and different types of mining tools are emerging to allow people tracking the repercussion of events and news on Twitter. However, although appealing as mechanisms to ease the spread of news and allow users to discuss events and post their status, these services open opportunities for new forms of spam. Trending topics, the most talked about items on Twitter at a given point in time, have been seen as an opportunity to generate traffic and revenue. ...

2023, JURNAL APLIKASI MANAJEMEN

Online video advertising is one of the most popular types of internet advertisements. The compliance of the website service provider comes from advertising. However, research is still rarely found that focuses on the attitudes and consumer behavior towards online video advertising. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value of online video advertising on consumer attitudes, behavioral intention, and watching behavior on YouTube. This research uses the internet advertising model and combines it with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Respondent data were obtained as many as 226 from the distribution of online questionnaires for YouTube users in the Jabodetabek. The analytical tool used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that informativeness, entertainment, irritation, and credibility are significant for consumer attitudes. On the other hand, consumers' attitudes towards the advertising also significant for behavioral intention and behavior of watching online video advertisements. In future research, deep subjectivity is needed regarding segmentation and culture.

2023, Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Media Analytics

In this article we explore the behavior of Twitter users under an emergency situation. In particular, we analyze the activity related to the 2010 earthquake in Chile and characterize Twitter in the hours and days following this disaster. Furthermore, we perform a preliminary study of certain social phenomenons, such as the dissemination of false rumors and confirmed news. We analyze how this information propagated through the Twitter network, with the purpose of assessing the reliability of Twitter as an information source under extreme circumstances. Our analysis shows that the propagation of tweets that correspond to rumors differs from tweets that spread news because rumors tend to be questioned more than news by the Twitter community. This result shows that it is posible to detect rumors by using aggregate analysis on tweets.

2023, International journal of humanities and social sciences

Social media has led to paradigm shifts in ways people work and do business, interact and socialize, learn and obtain knowledge. So much so that social media has established itself as an important spatial extension of this nation’s historicity and challenges. Regardless of the enabling reputation and recommendation features through social networks embedded in the social media system, the overflow of broadcasted and publicized media contents turns the table around from engendering trust to doubting the trust system. When the trust is at doubt, the effects include deactivation of accounts and creation of multiple profiles, which lead to the overflow of ‘ghost’ contents (i.e. “the abundance of abandoned ships”). In most literature, the study of trust can be related to culture; hence the difference between Western’s “openness” and Eastern’s “blue-chip” concepts in networking and relationships. From a survey on issues and challenges among Malaysian social media users, ‘authenticity’ emer...

2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused controversy over new norms of mask-wearing in public places. An online experiment previously showed that people from several Spanish-speaking countries perceived faces wearing medical-style masks as more trustworthy, socially desirable, and likely to be ill, compared to control faces without a mask. We replicated and extended these methods with 1241 English-speaking participants from the UK and USA, adding questions on political orientation and voting intention, and including the online-VAAST task to test the effects of masks on an implicit reaction-time measure. The positive effects of masks on trustworthiness and social desirability were replicated, but the negative effect of masks on perceptions of healthiness was reversed. Participants were also quicker to approach masked faces. Conservative voters’ explicit and implicit reactions to masked faces were less favorable than those of liberals, demonstrating that masks are viewed positively by many bu...

2023

Social sites play an important role in our day to day life. Peoples are spending at most of the time on social networking sites and for this reason social networking sites have received a more attention in last few years. Social networking websites have received greater attention in the past few years .Twitter is one of the most popular networking site which received attention from peoples by providing its real time nature. The important characteristic of our system is its real-time nature. We create a system to collects the tweets from various groups of users and detect real time events like earthquake, traffic etc. To detect real time events, we build a classifier of comments based on features such as the keywords in a comments, the number of words. With the help of comments we will approximately find out the location of the target event. We assume each user as a sensor and apply priority base algorithm which is used for tweet analysis. To resolve the traffic congestion problem, w...

2023, Global Business Perspectives

Social media have become one of the strongest growing Web 2.0 services worldwide as they are a powerful tool for consumers to recommend products and services. The influence of social networking sites in purchase behaviour and their growing use by consumers justify the need to further study key drivers of users' behaviour. Although there is now a significant body of literature on the use of social networks from a computer, there is scant literature on their use from mobile devices. As media convergence is a reality nowadays, there is a need to know if consumers behave in the same way when a service is accessed from different platforms. The present work aims to analyse the relationships between motivations, attitude and frequency of mobile social networking. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 146 young adolescent users of mobile social networks, using multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis of the results suggests that the main motivations for mobile social networking amongst adolescents are relaxation/entertainment and

2023

Brain fog is a kind of mental problem, similar to chronic fatigue syndrome, and appears about months after the infection with COVID-and lasts up to months. The maximum magnitude of the third wave of COVID-in Poland was in April. The research referred here aimed at carrying out the investigation comprising the electrophysiological analysis of the patients who su ered from COVID-and had symptoms of brain fog (sub-cohort A), su ered from COVID-and did not have symptoms of brain fog (sub-cohort B), and the control group that had no COVIDand no symptoms (sub-cohort C). The aim of this article was to examine whether there are di erences in the brain cortical activity of these three sub-cohorts and, if possible di erentiate and classify them using the machine-learning tools. he dense array electroencephalographic amplifier with electrodes was used for recordings. The event-related potentials were chosen as we expected to find the di erences in the patients' responses to three di erent mental tasks arranged in the experiments commonly known in experimental psychology: face recognition, digit span, and task switching. These potentials were plotted for all three patients' sub-cohorts and all three experiments. The cross-correlation method was used to find di erences, and, in fact, such di erences manifested themselves in the shape of event-related potentials on the cognitive electrodes. The discussion of such di erences will be presented; however, an explanation of such di erences would require the recruitment of a much larger cohort. In the classification problem, the avalanche analysis for feature extractions from the resting state signal and linear discriminant analysis for classification were used. The di erences between sub-cohorts in such signals were expected to be found. Machine-learning tools were used, as finding the di erences with eyes seemed impossible. Indeed, the A&B vs. C, B&C vs. A, A vs. B, A vs. C, and B vs. C classification tasks were performed, and the e ciency of around-% was achieved. In future, probably there will be pandemics again due to the imbalance in the natural environment, resulting in the decreasing number of species, temperature increase, and climate change-generated migrations. The research can help to predict brain fog after the COVID-recovery and prepare the patients for better convalescence. Shortening the time of brain fog recovery will be beneficial not only for the patients but also for social conditions.

2023, JURNAL APLIKASI MANAJEMEN

2023, Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej

Purpose/thesis: The primary objective of this paper is to review the concept of credibility of information in the context of the digital environment and in the light of research over the last decade. Its purpose is to synthesize related concepts and trends in perceptions of credibility in interdisciplinary dialogue. Approach/methods: A review of the relevant scholarly literature. The study sketches how the concept of credibility has emerged in philosophy, psychology, communication and information sciences. Results and conclusions: A number of constructs associated to credibility have been identified and some related notions in information research in the last decade have been summarized. There is presented a short overview of elements of the digital context, that influence this notion. The author of the article suggests that recent research provides grounds for more than a communicative approach to authority construct and acknowledgment of diversity. Originality/value: The article extends the dialogue by outlining the scope of the concept, its complexity, together with its multidisciplinary value.

2023, Law and human behavior

2023, International Journal of Communication

Given that previous studies mostly accepted the premise that senior citizens are less capable of adopting new technology, the current study attempts to explore how vulnerability issues influence senior citizens while they use smartphones. Based on the compensatory Internet use theory, a theoretical framework incorporating e-lifestyle, emotion regulation, and nomophobia is developed. A survey was employed, and responses from 255 participants were collected. The results confirmed the mediating role of nomophobia in the theoretical framework. In addition, the findings showed that emotion regulation has a positive influence on nomophobia, and nomophobia has a positive influence on smartphone use disorder. Theoretical and practical applications are discussed.

2023, The British Journal of Sociology

2023, Frontiers in Neuroscience

Brain fog is a kind of mental problem, similar to chronic fatigue syndrome, and appears about 3 months after the infection with COVID-19 and lasts up to 9 months. The maximum magnitude of the third wave of COVID-19 in Poland was in April 2021. The research referred here aimed at carrying out the investigation comprising the electrophysiological analysis of the patients who suffered from COVID-19 and had symptoms of brain fog (sub-cohort A), suffered from COVID-19 and did not have symptoms of brain fog (sub-cohort B), and the control group that had no COVID-19 and no symptoms (sub-cohort C). The aim of this article was to examine whether there are differences in the brain cortical activity of these three sub-cohorts and, if possible differentiate and classify them using the machine-learning tools. he dense array electroencephalographic amplifier with 256 electrodes was used for recordings. The event-related potentials were chosen as we expected to find the differences in the patients...

2023, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

Ideological groups use the Internet to deliver their messages unhindered by the constraints of traditional media. We examined how ideological groups promote their worldview through their websites. Using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this research used trained coders to examine the websites of nonideological groups (n = 37), nonviolent ideological groups (n = 36), and violent ideological groups (n = 32) for credibility, persuasion processing cues, and interactivity factors. Results of this study found that the websites of violent ideological groups use more fear appeals, were less interactive, and were the least credible of the 3 groups. All 3 groups used more central cues than peripheral suggesting they focused on evidence for their arguments rather than emotion.

2023, Social Network Analysis and Mining

Many works related to Twitter aim at characterizing its users in some way: role on the service (spammers, bots, organizations, etc.), nature of the user (socio-professional category, age, etc.), topics of interest, and others. However, for a given user classification problem, it is very difficult to select a set of appropriate features, because the many features described in the literature are very heterogeneous, with name overlaps and collisions, and numerous very close variants. In this article, we review a wide range of such features. In order to present a clear state-of-the-art description, we unify their names, definitions and relationships, and we propose a new, neutral, typology. We then illustrate the interest of our review by applying a selection of these features to the offline influence detection problem. This task consists in identifying users which are influential in real-life, based on their Twitter account and related data. We show that most features deemed efficient to predict online influence, such as the numbers of retweets and followers, are not relevant to this problem. However, we propose several content-based approaches to label Twitter users as Influencers or not. We also rank them according to a predicted influence level. Our proposals are evaluated over the CLEF RepLab 2014 dataset, and outmatch state-of-the-art methods.

2023, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

The present experiment investigates similarities in participants' nonverbal and verbal behaviours when responding to baseline and investigative questions, comparing two different types of baselines. Police literature suggests to obtain a baseline through small talk, whereas academic literature underlines the importance of baseline and investigative themes to be comparable. First, a baseline was obtained (either small talk or comparable), then the investigative questioning started. During the investigative questioning participants either truthfully reported a set of actions they had actually performed or lied about them. Findings revealed that truth tellers and liars in the small talk condition did not differ in their level of similarity when responding to the baseline and investigative questions. In the comparable truth condition, levels of verbal similarity between the baseline and investigative questions were higher for truth tellers than for liars but only for one variable: spatial detail. Results therefore showed that a small talk baseline should not be used to assess interviewees' credibility, and that a comparable truth baseline, although better than a small talk baseline, is still problematic.

2023, Pain Medicine

Background. While increasing evidence suggests that observers discount high-severity chronic pain, factors that occasion such discounting are poorly understood, particularly regarding health provider vs lay perspectives. Objective. This study examined the effects of supporting medical evidence and comorbid psychological distress (pain behavior) on medical student and lay clinical judgments of increasingly severe patient pain reports. Design. In a 2 3 2 3 2 3 (7) mixed between-and within-subject design, participants (medical students vs lay) made clinical judgments after reading vignettes describing a hypothetical patient that varied in levels of medical evidence and pain behavior (low vs high) and pain severity (4/10-10/10). Subjects. Fourth-year medical students (N 5 115) and lay persons in the community (N 5 300) participated in this research. Results. While both medical student and lay judgments plateaued at high levels of pain severity, judgments regarding cause (medical vs psychological), treatment (opioid prescription), and disability showed growing divergence as levels of reported pain severity increased. Divergence relative to medical and psychological causes of pain was found irrespective of the level of supporting medical evidence; divergence relative to opioid treatment and support for a disability claim was found when supporting medical evidence was low. Conclusions. The results indicate differing expectations of chronic pain treatment for health care providers relative to the lay public that could impact clinical care, especially at high pain severity levels, where lay expectations diverge significantly from those of health professionals.

2023, VfZ

Der Aufsatz untersucht das Handeln des auf Regierungsebene f{\"u}r das {\glqq}Gesetz zur Zahlbarmachung von Renten aus Besch{\"a}ftigungen in einem Ghetto{\grqq} (ZRBG) zust{\"a}ndigen Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Arbeit und Soziales zwischen 1997 und 2012. Grundlage daf{\"u}r sind zahlreiche Quellen, die dank des Informationsfreiheitsgesetzes eingesehen werden konnten, was auch die N{\"u}tzlichkeit dieser Regelung f{\"u}r die Geschichtswissenschaft zeigt. Mit dem 2002 beschlossenen ZRBG sollten ehemalige Insassen nationalsozialistischer Ghettos, die dort aus {\glqq}eigenem Willensentschluss{\grqq} einer {\glqq}entlohnten{\grqq} T{\"a}tigkeit nachgegangen waren, eine Rente aus der deutschen Sozialversicherung erhalten. Trotz der offensichtlich hochproblematischen Verweigerungshaltung der Rentenversicherer und teilweise deutlicher wissenschaftlicher und internationaler Kritik verteidigte das Ministerium das Gesetz als sinnvoll und erfolgreich, denn dies war die offizielle Linie der Bundesregierung. So war es erst 2009 das Bundessozialgericht, das eine klare Abkehr von der bisherigen ZRBG-Praxis durchsetzte. Insgesamt erwies sich das Arbeitsministerium als hinhaltender Verteidiger einer Politik, die auch im 21. Jahrhundert vorwiegend von den Finanzn{\"o}ten des Staates und seiner Regierung bestimmt wurde. So zeigt sich Wiedergutmachung erneut als eine nur von den Umst{\"a}nden diktierte Pflicht, die viele alte Probleme und Fehler wiederholt.