Defence and Peace Economics Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, İŞ HAYATINDA ARTAN GHOSTİNG EĞİLİMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle iş yaşamında giderek yaygınlaşan ve ciddi sonuçlar
doğuran ghosting fenomenini ele almakta ve bu davranışın iş gücü piyasası üzerindeki etkilerini
incelemektedir. Ghosting davranışı sadece flört ilişkileriyle sınırlı değildir aynı zamanda işe
alım süreçlerinde ve işyerlerinde de ciddi bir sorun hâline gelmiştir. Çalışmada, ghosting
davranışının başvuru sahipleri, çalışanlar ve işverenler üzerindeki etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde
analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma ghosting olgusuna dair mevcut akademik literatürü kapsamlı bir
literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Altı farklı akademik çalışma detaylı bir şekilde
analiz edilerek bu alandaki boşluklar ve temel bulgular belirlenmiştir. Bu analizler ışığında;
adayların ghosting tutumları, yöneticilerin çalışanlara karşı sergilediği ghosting tutumları,
ghostingin ruhsal yansımaları ve iş yerinde iletişime olan etkileri öne serilmiştir. Elde edilen
bulgular; ghostingin sadece bireysel sorumsuzluktan kaynaklanmadığını, aynı zamanda
kurumsal çekicilik, geribildirim eksiklikleri, işyerindeki iletişim sorunları ve pandemi gibi
dışsal etkiler gibi faktörlerle şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, ghostingin iş yerindeki
çalışan bağlılığı, iş memnuniyeti ve verimlilik üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkiler yarattığı
gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, ghosting tutumunun iş dünyasında daha fazla dikkat
çektiğini ve bu durumu engellemeye yönelik iletişim odaklı stratejilerin oluşturulması
gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

2025, Small Wars Journal

Erik Prince, founder of the Blackwater private military company (PMC), has signed a contract with the Haitian government to intervene using lethal operations against the criminal gangs threatening to fully overrun Port-au-Prince.] The Haitian government confirmed in late April 2025 that they were in the progress of integrating “international, private firms” with their police and security forces to suppress the criminal insurgency being waged by these gangs. Additionally, Haiti’s Minister of Economy and Finance,

2025, Revista Brasileira de Estudos Estratégicos

This paper investigates the effects of international embargoes on the development of indigenous defense industries in emerging countries. The hypothesis is that embargoes directly limit the capacity of emerging countries to design and manufacture defense products, mostly by restraining access to technology and markets. Embargoes also affect countries with some manufacturing capability, whose reliance on foreign technology for sensitive content makes them vulnerable to exogenous shocks. The historical-comparative method is used, drawing on the cases of Brazil, India, Turkey and South Africa to test the relations of necessity and sufficiency between international embargoes and the development of indigenous arms industries. The cases are selected among SIPRI Arms Industries Dataset, in the period of 2002-2018, considering countries that are not among International Monetary Fund advanced economies and countries defined by the World Bank as Middle-Income Countries. The study analyzes the cases from 1945 to 2018, to explore the full extent of the process of defense industrialization in the post-World War II, considering three different international power distributions along this period: bipolar distribution, unipolar moment and unbalanced multipolarity. Primary sources, such as internal balances, budgets and policy papers, and secondary sources, filtered through bibliographical review, are used to gather the necessary information in each country. The findings suggest that international embargoes have a significant impact on the development of indigenous defense industries in emerging countries, limiting their access to technology, markets and specialized inputs, forcing them to invest in import substitution strategies with limited results in international markets. The case studies reveal the importance of domestic technological capabilities, policy stability and coordination among different actors in developing successful indigenous defense industries in emerging countries. Also, the results suggest that the countries that specialized in technological niches are more prone to succeed in international markets.

2025

Quand Donald Trump revendique l’annexion du Groenland au nom de La Défense nationale des USA, il faut lui rappeler l’histoire nucléaire du Groenland entre 1947 et 1968, quand les B-52 de l’US Air Force chargés de bombes atomiques atterrissaient et décollaient de la base de Thule mais aussi s’écrasaient dans les terres et glaciers du Groenland en perdant des bombes atomiques et des aviateurs, tout en irradiant les zones des crashs et les Inuits qui y vivaient.

2025, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences

This paper examines the relationship between defense expentures, income inequality and growth in Turkey for the period of 1970-2008. In the study, the problem of lack of time series data has been overcome by using manufacturing pay inequality index constructed by Theil T Statistic. Although there are numerous studies that examine the different aspects of military spending in Turkey, there are few studies that analyse the impact of military spending on income distribution in Turkey. Considering this lack in the literature, the study, utilizing basic cointegration and VAR model, aims to contribute to the literaure

2025

It is a fact that income inequality has increased both between and within countries in the neo-liberal era. The liberalization process in Turkey was started in 1980 with a stabilization program by IMF and followed by liberalization of the capital accounts in 1989 and the customs union agreement with the EU in 1995. During these decades, Turkey has experienced a deteriorating income inequality, particularly in 1990s. Considering this fact, this study aims to investigate the existence of relationship between trade openness and income inequality in Turkey between 1980 and 2001. We conduct a cointegration analysis to answer this question. Our findings reveal a strong causality between trade openness and income inequality.

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

Using a data set of historical battles from 1600 to 1973, this paper analyzes the empirical determinants of tactical success in modern war. Based on a reduced form approach we consider key elements of military theory as factors in the production of combat success, formalized in a military production function. The paper focuses on the relationship of material and non-material factors to battlefield success, and especially on the role of superior force strengths. Contrary to the emphasis on technology which can be found in the recent literature, our estimation results indicate that numerical superiority has retained its crucial role for battlefield performance throughout history. In general, human elements of warfare, like leadership, morale and surprise, have continued to be important determinants of battle outcome despite technological progress in weapons.

2025

This thesis seeks to analyze various interpretations of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty since 1949. Variations in interpretations of Article 5 requirements throw light on evolving conceptions of national security interests and the... more

2025

2025, MPRA Paper

In this article, we argue the rate of profit in combination with the movement of the real net profits determines the phase-change of the economy in its long cyclical pattern. Since WWII, the US and the world economy have experienced two such long cycles. The pandemic COVID-19 has deepened a recession that has been already underway since 2007. The growth rates in the first post-pandemic years are expected to be high; however, soon after, the economies will find themselves back to their old recessionary growth paths. The onset of a new long cycle requires the restoration of profitability, which can be sustained only through the introduction of 'disruptive' innovations backed by suitable institutional arrangements

2025, MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SIENCES

Elections are mechanisms for change of power but its practice has suffered substantial setback due to the absence of free, fair and credible elections in Nigeria. Electoral violence is prevalent in NorthEastern Nigeria, and its prevalence has affected voter participation, disrupted democratic processes and destroyed lives and properties of citizens. This paper examines the consequences of electoral violence on voter participation in NorthEastern Nigeria with specific reference to Adamawa, Gombe, and Taraba states. The study is delimited to 1999-2019 electoral timeframe. A mixed method research design was adopted for the study to achieve the objectives of the study. The instruments used for data collection are questionnaire and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The study sample comprised 546 respondents representing the total registered voters in the region. The Elite theory propounded by Pareto (1935) was used as the theoretical framework for the study. The theory argues that the interest of few elite's matters in politics and that the elites oppressed the unorganized masses. The results of the analysis revealed that electoral violence leads to voter apathy, assassination, arson, riots, and break down of law and order. The paper recommends that free, fair and credible elections should be held in the region, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should be restructured, adequate security measures should be provided during elections, electoral offenders should be penalised, and that government should create awareness on the importance of electoral participation.

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

Natural resources have been blamed for inducing slow growth and sparking civil conflicts and violence. This paper first develops a model to account for the hazard of armed civil conflicts as a manifestation of the natural resource curse which is mediated by the quality of both economic and political institutions. We then use recently published data on institutional quality and natural resource rents to measure the potential impact of the resource curse on violent civil conflicts using a panel of data for over 100 countries in the period 1970-2010. Our model explicitly accounts for the role of good economic and political institutions in deterring the recourse to violence as well as the extent to which they might weaken the resource rents effect.

2025

62 have found that an increase in terrorist violence reduces FDI. Furthermore, the disaggregated analysis by individual sectors explores the nuances in considerations for FDI, where some sectors are affected while others remain immune to terrorism-related risks. The study has further illustrated that FDI flows to certain industrial sectors are more susceptible to terrorism than other sectors that attract investments to remotely located facilities. All this creates demand for huge external capital for undertaking huge projects and indirectly promoting growth (Haider & Anwar, 2014).

2025, Revolutionary Marxism

Review of Tracking Marx's Capital by Ahmet Tonak and Sungur Savran.

2025, Defence and peace economics

2025

The paper reconsiders the relative efficiency of the draft versus the professional army in the case where countries belong to different risk classes. We refute the earlier result that the welfare with a draft is always lower than with a professional army. The welfare comparison is shown to depend on the national security determined by the risk class of the country. The existence of the reserve strengthens the case for the draft army. We use Israel, Finland, and Sweden as examples of countries which belong to different risk classes with different approaches to the optimal national defense. JEL Classification: H20, H57, I21, D63

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

The earlier work on the optimal design of the national security has focused on the opportunity cost of the draft in terms of foregone human capital formation. The current paper introduces the national security into the welfare analysis missing from the earlier work. This creates a trade-off between the private goods and the security as a public good in the social cost-benefit analysis. There are three major results. First, and arising from the intergenerational interaction, it is optimal to introduce a pay to the young generation when in duty even by resorting to a distortive tax. Second, when optimizing the size of the army, the optimal choice between the draft army and the professional army depends on the risk class of the country. A security gradient arises. Third, the choice is linked to the size and the quality of the reserve generated by the two approaches.

2025, Revue de Defense Nationale

UK and US enter entering into a new cycle of nuclear cooperation in the 70' and 80' used the Islands of Chagos where the US build an important military base well positionned in the middle of the Indian Ocean as a sweetener for the deal. Mauritius and the UN made claims whichwere supported by the International Court of Justice advice and eventually led to a new bilateral agreement between London and Port Louis at the end of 2024.

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

Egypt plays a pivotal role in the security of the Middle East as the doorway to Europe and its military expenditure reflects its involvement in the machinations of such an unstable region, showing considerable variation over the last forty years. These characteristics make it a particularly interesting case study of the determinants of military spending. This paper presents such a study, estimating an econometric model of the Egyptian demand for military spending, taking into account important strategic and political factors. Both economic and strategic factors are found to play a role in determining military burden, with clear positive effects of lagged military burden, suggesting some sort of institutional inertia, plus negative output and net imports effects. The main strategic effect is the impact of Israel's military burden, with no effect for that of the Jordanian and Syrian allies, but the results also suggest that simple arms race relationships are not an adequate representation of the relevant strategic factors.

2025, The castles of Mani

A historiographical and archaeological survey regarding the castles of Mani, Laconia, Peloponnese

2025, Countercurrents.org

Militarization of society is happening today with great haste, not least reinforced by the war in Ukraine. People are caught up in the war and forced to choose sides. Speaking out against armaments is difficult, if not impossible, when there is a threatening enemy on your doorstep. But that is not the case in Denmark. Security experts have stated that there is currently no threat to Danish territory. Denmark is not directly at war, but is part of the war alliance NATO, which continuously wages wars. Most recently in a proxy war against Russia, where Ukraine is supplied with NATO weapons in an increasingly bloody war with Russia. A war where it is estimated that there are over 100,000 dead and wounded. If you speak for peace negotiations and a ceasefire, you can be shamed as being naive. Russia must be defeated, and leftists are using rhetoric that should be foreign to them, given the long tradition of anti-war activities and anti-militarism.

2025, European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS)

Commission's chief negotiator for India, ripped the façade off New Delhi's trade posturing, exposing it for what it truly is-an obstinate, self-serving machine that wants the spoils of global trade without any of the discipline that comes with it. India clutches onto its sky-high 150% tariffs like a life raft, shielding its domestic industries not out of strategic foresight, but out of sheer cowardice-an unwillingness to face the short-term pain of reform that could unlock long-term economic dominance. Negotiations in Brussels hit a predictable dead end: India refuses to play by the rules, balking at enforceable commitments, rejecting legally binding dispute settlement mechanisms, and offering laughable concessions on automobile imports. This isn't pragmatism-it's economic protectionism on steroids, designed to keep Indian oligarchs and bureaucrats fat and happy while blocking the very reforms that could transform the country into a true manufacturing powerhouse. By rejecting dispute settlement, New Delhi is sending a clear message: it has no intention of honoring any trade commitments when the moment comes to cash in.

2025, Wiadomości Uniwersyteckie

Podczas minionej sesji egzaminacyjnej odbyły się pierwsze w historii obrony prac inżynierskich na kierunku Geografia Wojskowa i Zarządzanie Kryzysowe (GWiZK) na UMCS. To wydarzenie ma szczególne znaczenie zarówno dla uczelni, jak i dla całej społeczności akademickiej kierunku, który kształci specjalistów przygotowanych do pracy w strukturach obronnych i instytucjach zajmujących się bezpieczeństwem. Co więcej, jubileusz 80-lecia lubelskiego ośrodka geograficznego nadaje temu wydarzeniu dodatkowy, symboliczny wymiar, podkreślając znaczenie tradycji i rozwoju nauk geograficznych na naszym Uniwersytecie.

2025, Criminal Justice Policy Review

This study examined the effectiveness of post-9/11 U.S. counterterrorism policies in preventing terror attacks and reducing casualties against American targets within and outside the United States. Monthly data on terrorism incidents from July 1981 through December 2020 were obtained from the Global Terrorism Database (N = 462). The results of monthly interrupted time-series analyses showed that within the United States, after the 9/11 attacks, the number of attacks, the number of successful attacks, and the successful attack rate statistically significantly decreased in the first month following 9/11; then, no significant increase was observed in the trend of those outcomes. Outside the United States, after the 9/11 attacks, the trend of the number of successful attacks, the number of victims, the number of nonfatal victims, and the victim rate statistically significantly decreased. The results suggest that post-9/11 U.S. counterterrorism policies are effective both domestically and internationally. These findings and their policy implications are discussed.

2025, mimeo

Wars are not just fought with weapons but with resources. This paper presents a macroeconomic model of the Russia-Ukraine war, analyzing Ukraine’s resistance function and Russia’s territorial demand curve. While Western military aid... more

2025, International Journal of Financial Management and Economics

This article examines the multifaceted relationship between military spending and government budgets through a detailed analysis of trends and data from the past two decades. Global military expenditures have risen steadily, reaching an estimated US$2 trillion in 2021 according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI, 2021). Using crosscountry datasets from sources such as the World Bank (2021) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2022), our study demonstrates that countries allocating more than 3% of their GDP to defense often experience fiscal deficits exceeding 2% of GDP. Moreover, empirical evidence indicates that a 1% increase in military spending relative to GDP can be associated with a 0.1-0.3% rise in the debt-to-GDP ratio over the medium term (OECD, 2020) [3]. In addition, the analysis highlights the crowding-out effect, whereby higher defense budgets divert resources from public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Case studies from the United States, European nations, and emerging economies underscore the trade-offs between national security imperatives and fiscal sustainability. Policy implications include recommendations for enhanced budgetary oversight, diversified investment strategies, and incremental spending reforms to balance security with long-term economic growth.

2025

Logistica a avut, incă din cele mai vechi timpuri, un rol fundamental in dezvoltarea globală pentru aproape 5.000 de ani ai umanităţii, in ansamblul ei. De la construirea piramidelor din Egiptul Antic, logistica a făcut progrese remarcabile. De nenumărate ori, soluțiile logistice geniale au format baza pentru trecerea de la o eră istorică la alta. Pentru forțele armate, logistica este un cuvânt relativ nou folosit pentru a descrie o practică foarte veche: furnizarea, circulația și intreținerea forțelor armate atât in timp de pace, cât mai ales in condiții de război. Datorită rolului covârsitor al logisticii, planificatorii militari și comandanţii iau in considerare impactul logisticii asupra pregătirii operaționale. Considerațiile logistice reprezintă unul dintre factorii fundamentali luaţi in calculul planurilor de luptă incă din cele mai incipiente stadii ale confruntărilor armate, fără de care forţele luptătoare pot reprezenta doar insemne și numere pe o hartă. Acest articol este...

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

We examine who benefits when there is a strong leader in place, and those who benefit when a situation lacks a proper leader. There are fractious terrorist groups who seek to serve the same people in common cause against a common enemy. The groups compete for rents obtained from the public by engaging in actions against the common enemy. We derive a condition under which the concerned parties, the terrorist groups and the local population upon whom the terrorist groups inflict their actions, benefit or lose in the two scenarios, and examine the consequences of counter-terrorist policy.

2025, SSRN Electronic Journal

This paper is the first attempt to investigate the causal relationship between military spending, terrorist attacks and intensity of terrorism in Pakistan, by applying ARDL approach to cointegration and Innovation Accounting approach for causality analysis. The results indicate that war on terror is the major determinant of military spending followed by terrorism intensity and the number of terrorist attacks respectively. The study further finds that terrorism intensity and terrorist attacks Granger-cause military spending but the reverse causality is found absent. The failure of military measures to curtail terrorism and its intensity induces one to suggest greater involvement of civil intelligence agencies by raising their budgets instead of pure military budget.

2025, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

The paper investigates the relationship between government expenditure on education (GEE) and the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Philippines using time series data from 2000 to 2021. The study seeks to examine the nature and direction of cointegration between government expenditure on education and economic growth to substantiate the theory of Keynesian's hypothesis and Wagner's law that public spending generates national income and national income drives government expenditures, respectively. The econometric method employed was the cointegration using Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris tests and error correction technique. Based on the Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris tests, results revealed that gross domestic product and government expenditure on education are cointegrated. In estimating the long-run and short-run Run Models, both the long-run model and the short-run model are appropriate for GDP and GEE.

2025

The article describes the work being done to develop pilgrimage tourism in Khorezm region, as well as the achievements, problems and obstacles in this sphere and their solutions.

2025, Religious tourism in Khorezm region: challenges and prospects for development

The article describes the work being done to develop pilgrimage tourism in Khorezm region, as well as the achievements,
problems and obstacles in this sphere and their solutions.

2025

There is still an intense debate about the impact of military spending on economic growth in both developed and developing countries, despite an impressive amount of empirical studies using advanced econometric methods and theoretical advances in growth theory. This paper attempts to investigate the link between military expenditure and economic growth for Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries for the period 19902005. The paper employs fixed effects and two-stage least-squares method. The fixed effects estimation is used to avoid unobserved heterogeneity, while the two-stage least-squares is used to account for endogeneity bias. Our results show that, after controlling for possible endogeneity, military spending has no significant impact on economic growth – that military spending does not promote economic growth in the SADC countries.

2025, Defence and Peace Economics

This study examines the causal nexus between defence spending and education expenditure in China using the bootstrap Granger full-sample causality test and sub-sample rolling window estimation. The full-sample result indicates that there is no causality between defence spending and education expenditure. By adopting a time-varying rolling window approach to revisit the dynamic causal relationships, this article identifies a negative unidirectional causality running from education expenditure to defence spending. The finding suggests that it is the education expenditure crowds out defence spending in China rather than reverse. No causality is demonstrated from defence spending to education expenditure, indicating that an increase in military spending will not crowd out expenditure on education. The results could be partly explained by that the education expenditure in China is below the requirement of corresponding economic growth, urging for more financial budget. Whereas the findings support a negative trade-off between defence and education expenditures, they refute the theory of 'guns for butter' .

2025, Πρακτικά 7oυ Πανελλήνιου Συνεδρίου της Διδακτικής των Φυσικών Επιστημών και Νέων Τεχνολογιών στην Εκπαίδευση

The present study focuses on the design of a Teaching and Learning Sequence concerning the Moon‘s Apparent Movement. It is part of a broader research regarding relative movements of the Sun-EarthMoon system from an educational point of view. The concerned Sequence was designed as a means of teaching the Moon‘s revolution around the Earth within a Synodic month. Crucial point of the Sequence seems to be dealing with students‘ alternative idea that the Moon rises everyday at the same time, which, as bibliography shows, is imposed by the widely spread, erroneous belief that the Moon is always visible at night.

2025, Defence and peace economics

Defence and Peace Economics 1024-2694 (print)/1476-8267 (online) Original Article

2024

This study investigates the impact of regional instability on military spending, addressing a critical gap in empirical security studies where regional-level dynamics are often neglected. The research adopts a two-pronged approach. First, it empirically examines the mechanisms of the spillover effect, exploring how instability in one country spreads to its neighbors. Second, using a large-N panel dataset of 126 countries (1990–2005), it analyzes the relationship between regional instability and military burden, defined as the share of military expenditure in GDP. Additionally, the study investigates the "new country" phenomenon, a byproduct of the post-Cold War era, wherein the emergence of new states has frequently triggered regional conflicts due to contested borders, internal power struggles, or ethnic expulsions.

2024, Derrotero

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the historical and contemporary evolution of naval logistics, highlighting its strategic relevance in both military and commercial domains. Through a comprehensive literature review, it explores the origins of logistics in ancient commercial and military contexts and examines its global development. This framework is used to compare international advancements with the Logistics Doctrine of the Colombian Navy (DLARC), assessing its strengths and weaknesses against the doctrines of armed forces such as those of the United States and international organizations, including the United Nations. The study identifies critical areas that require updates in the DLARC to align with the objectives of the Naval Development Plan 2042. These areas include strengthening strategic logistics planning, fostering international cooperation, improving coordination with other military forces, and integrating logistics with principles of economic and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the article emphasizes the role of advanced technology, integrated communications, and public-private collaboration as key factors in enhancing operational effectiveness, particularly in multinational missions and peacekeeping operations. As its main contribution, the article offers concrete recommendations to modernize the Colombian naval logistics doctrine, orienting it towards a more comprehensive and advanced approach. This approach includes regional force projection, sustainable development, and the incorporation of disruptive technologies indispensable elements for ensuring the operational and strategic success of the Colombian Navy in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment.

2024

Description Implements the synthetic control group method for comparative case studies as de-

2024, EPRA Journal

Fluctuations in monetary markets are one of the essential factors that have an effect on the monetary situations of a society and might lead to growing or falling inflation. one of the elements affecting financial market stability is weather trade, that can result in volatility in economic markets. This have a look at objectives to discover the impact of weather change on economic marketplace stability, as economic marketplace balance is essential in any financial system. For this cause, the statistical populace for this takes a look at is the Indian economy from 2019 to 2022. Monetary data comes from the countrywide inventory exchange and RBI. The study analysed weather change information from the Meteorological employer's website using SPSS software. Climate change has a significant impact on financial markets, including variations in temperature, daily cloud cover, humidity, wind, snow, and rain. Climate change has the potential to impact monetary market balance

2024, Defence and Peace Economics

This book is a gem for those interested in war (peace) economics and economic history, or in fact also for those interested in economic theory and application. Co-authored by an economist (Brauer) and an historian (Van Tuyll) it is exceptional in both methodology and in depth of narrative and insight. Castles, Battles and Bombs is an example of how inter-disciplinary scholarship can be done well, and covers many fields including political economy and economic theory, public finance and fiscal history, behavioral and leadership psychology, political history, military history and strategy, and period history, and draws from sources in English, French, Italian and German over these same diverse fields, bringing the work together into a concise whole grounded in a well-defined and clear exposition. Although the authors self-admittedly cast a wide-net in terms of time-frame (1000 to 1999AD) they purposely too admit that the case-studies in which they choose to apply economic analysis to historical events are "offbeat" (p.40) to avoid any pretension of completeness. The periods covered, one case-study per period, are the High Middle Ages (1000-1300), on expenditures for castle-building versus battle-ready soldiers in medieval England and France, the Renaissance (1300-1600), on the principal-agent

2024, Defence and Peace Economics

This article analyses the economic impact of the expenditure budget of the Spanish Ministry of Defence (MoD) and its Autonomous Agencies (AA), distinguishing direct, indirect and induced effects. The input-output methodology is used to find intersectoral effects on the rest of the economy. The article quantifies the economic impact in terms of production, gross value added (GVA), employed population, tax revenue, and also in terms of its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Spain in 2010. The results show that the activity of the MoD and AA generates 1.2% of the country's GDP and 1.7% of total employment in that year.

2024, Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa

A associação da Defesa Nacional com desenvolvimento está apoiada pelo racional de que projetos de defesa tem a capacidade de gerar impactos tecnológicos consideráveis. Nesse contexto, grandes aquisições de defesa brasileiras realizadas no exterior vem sendo justificadas em parte pelas substanciais tecnologias que seriam transferidas, a partir da imposição de condições chamadas de offsets. Apesar da importância do tema para a conjuntura da Defesa Nacional atual, pouco se avançou no sentido de se estabelecer uma base conceitual forte para a sua implementação dessa política no Brasil. Esta pesquisa visa explorar como os offsets funcionam por meio da identificação de padrões na teoria e a verificação empírica da sua adequação no contexto brasileiro. Um estudo de caso é desenvolvido a partir dos offsets implementados pela Comissão Coordenadora do Programa Aeronave de Combate (COPAC) e pelo Instituto de Fomento e Coordenação Industrial (IFI) da Força Aérea Brasileira durante a vigência da...

2024, Defence and peace economics

2024

Developing domestic technology in the defense sector strengthens a country's independence from foreign suppliers. Nations that rely heavily on imported defense technologies risk potential embargoes, restrictions, or vulnerabilities in times of geopolitical tension. A self-reliant defense industry mitigates such risks and ensures uninterrupted access to critical resources and systems. Economic Advantages Investing in local defense industries creates economic benefits such as job creation, technological spillovers to civilian industries, and reduced foreign expenditure. For example, countries like South Korea and Turkey have witnessed significant growth in their domestic economies through indigenous defense programs. Key Areas of Technological Development Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the defense landscape by enabling autonomous systems, advanced analytics, and predictive maintenance. Cybersecurity, another critical area, ensures the protection of sensitive defense systems against potential cyberattacks, a growing threat in modern warfare.