Digital single market Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Information, Communication & Society

This paper examines the implications for European music culture of the European Union's (EU) Digital Single Market strategy. It focuses on the regulatory framework being created for the management of copyright policy, and in particular the role played by collective management organisations (CMOs or collecting societies). One of the many new opportunities created by digitalisation has been the music streaming services. These depend on consumers being able to access music wherever they are, but such a system runs counter to the management of rights on a national basis and through collecting organisations which act as monopolies within their own territories. The result has been 'geo-blocking'. The EU has attempted to resolve this problem in a variety of ways, most recently in a Directive designed to reform the CMOs. In this paper, we document these various efforts, showing them to be motivated by a deep-seated and persisting belief in the capacity of 'competition' to resolve problems that, we argue, actually lie elsewherein copyright policy itself. The result is that the EU's intervention fails to address its core concern and threatens the diversity of European music culture by rewarding those who are already commercially successful.

2025, International Journal of Cultural Policy

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2025, Comparative Economic Research

The aim of this article is to identify the challenges created by digitalization and the Digital Single Market for book markets in Europe. The research questions are, on the one hand, related to the nature of these challenges and the impact they have on European book markets, and on the other hand, the impact of the activities of EU institutions. This leads to the hypothesis that the digitization challenges that the book markets in Europe are facing are of a technological, economic, legal, political and judicial nature. Therefore, the key research method will be an analysis of these challenges and the (re)actions (under)taken by EU institutions. The book market in Europe is characterized by diversity and fragmentation in comparison with, for example, the American market, and is losing its share in the global book market with the development of book markets in emerging markets. Over the last decade, it shrank between 2008 and 2013 and started to rise again after 2014. In contrast to t...

2025

State aid law is one of the most important categories of the competition law in the European Union. The state as such has an unprecedented advantage compared to other competitors: the state disposes of a huge amount of funds which could be easily distributed in favor of the privileged undertakings. The risk of the distorting effect on competition is high; thus, strict rules are necessary. The thesis is divided into five parts: introduction, the part focusing on international treaties, the general part, specific provisions and the conclusion. Part two of this thesis deals with the respective international treaties relevant for the aid schemes. There are three groups of such international treaties: the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures adopted in the WTO system, the anti-aid measures in the European Economic Area and the anti- subsidies mechanism towards the third countries (i.e. non-members of EEA or WTO). This part describes these three mechanisms and their common p...

2025

Rigorózní práce Praha 2010 prostředky, ale i z hlediska eventuálního narušení hospodářské soutěže. Proto je zapotřebí, aby stát byl v tomto ohledu podroben kontrole. Na druhou stranu je ale třeba brát v úvahu, že ne každá podpora ze státních prostředků může vést k narušení hospodářské soutěže. Je to konečně i samotná Unie, která disponuje rozsáhlými dotačními fondy, zejména pak v oblasti zemědělství. I z tohoto důvodu je zapotřebí, aby problematika veřejné podpory měla pravidla, která budou definovat, jaká podpora je legální a která nikoliv. Není nezajímavé, že termín nelegální veřejná podpora není hojně využíván; kritériem legality je slučitelnost veřejné podpory se společným trhem. Právo veřejné podpory je integrální součástí ochrany hospodářské soutěže. 2 Přesto je mu v české odborné literatuře věnována mnohem menší pozornost, než například kontrole spojování soutěžitelů. Důvod může spočívat v jisté odtažitosti právní úpravy, která vychází z předpisů Unie, jež jsou více či méně zdařile implementovány do právního řádu členských zemí. Přitom se jedná o úpravu, která v praxi nachází široké uplatnění, a bohatá rozhodovací praxe Komise i Soudního dvora Evropské unie je toho důkazem. Důležitou skutečností je i to, že komunitární právo je, co se týká veřejné podpory, poněkud roztříštěné. Je-li základ právní úpravy položen v článcích 107 až 109 Smlouvy o fungování Evropské unie (dále také "Smlouva"), pak těžiště praktických otázek se nachází v různých oznámeních Komise. Orientace v předpisech není snadná, byť v poslední době lze vidět snahu Komise právní úpravu učinit -když ne srozumitelnější -alespoň přehlednější. Přesto na mnoho otázek nedávají předpisy jasnou odpověď. Jedná se zejména o otázky definiční: Co je veřejná podpora, kdy je chování státu již neslučitelné se společným trhem, kde je hranice mezi podporou a cíleným opatřením konkrétnímu sektoru směřujícím např. k sociálnímu smíru?

2025

Cilem prvni casti výzkumne zpravy je vysvětlit (a) význam principu teritoriality pro fungovani obchodnich modelů audiovizualniho průmyslu na malem trhu, resp. vysvětlit význam siřeni audiovizualnich (převažně filmových) děl na zakladě prodeje exkluzivnich teri¬torialnich licenci; (b) význam zeměpisneho blokovani přistupu k obsahu nabizenemu audiovi¬zualnimi online službami (tzv. geoblokace) pro uchovani hodnoty teritorialni licence v online prostředi. Cilem druhe casti zpravy je posoudit dopady odlisných pravnich ramců– utvařejicich zakladni mechanismy fungovani audiovizualniho trhu – na pro¬dukci a distribuci audiovizualnich děl na ceskem trhu. K tomuto cili jsou využita empiricka zjis¬těni z prvni casti.

2025, Revista Internacional de Doctrina y Jurisprudencia

El Parlamento Europeo ha aprobado el 2 de octubre de 2018 el texto de la Directiva de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual. A falta de un último trámite (su aprobación formal por parte del Consejo), su promulgación es inminente. A principios de junio de 2018 concluyó la fase de negociaciones entre los tres colegisladores europeos (Comisión, Parlamento y Consejo); este acuerdo político supone su aprobación de facto. La publicación de este Instrumento normativo, que se enmarca en el conjunto de iniciativas del Mercado Único Digital, anticipa un enorme impacto en el sector audiovisual al que nos aproximamos desde una perspectiva jurídica.

2025

Europsko je Jedinstveno digitalno tržište (DSM), zahvaljujući e-trgovini i e-upravi, jedan od najvažnijih pokretača europskog gospodarstva. Zbog značajnih promjena uslijed novih načina poslovanja u okolnostima digitalne ekonomije donesen je regulatorni okvir koji ne ovisi o državnim granicama i usmjeren je ka zaštiti privatnosti te informacijskoj sigurnosti. Europski regulativa vezana uz zaštitu osobnih podataka ne nudi procesno primjenjiv način usklađivanja organizacija što je vidljivo u otežanom razumijevanju organizacija oko nužnih prilagodbi organizacijskih, ali i tehničkih aspekata poslovanja. Uz pravne posljedice, neusklađenost s njome dovodi i do značajnih posljedica u smislu otežavanja ili potpune nemogućnosti daljnjeg izvoza na europsko tržište. Ciljevi disertacije su ispunjeni odnosno primarnim istraživanjem je ustanovljena međupovezanost između (1) razumijevanja zahtjeva propisanih Općom uredbom o zaštiti podataka (Uredba EU 2016/679) i (2) nedostatka smjernica za usklađi...

2025, Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance

There has been very little policy or academic discussion or debate about the value of digital markets in the literature. Most debates in the literature focus on the large technological companies that operate in digital markets, but there are no discussions or debates in the literature about the value proposition and formative components of digital markets. This study examines digital markets, their formative components, regulation and challenges. It also presents a concise definition of "digital markets" and suggests a link between digital markets and digital financial inclusion. It analyses the regulation of digital markets, particularly the recent EU Digital Markets Act, and show that regulation focus mostly on large technological companies. The study also shows the benefits of digital market regulation for users of digital markets and the demerits of the large technological companies who own the world's largest digital transactional platforms in digital markets. The criticisms of regulating large technological companies are also identified.

2025, IUDICIUM

Resumen: El presente artículo científico analiza de forma sistemática el Artículo 2 del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD), a través de la evaluación de su alcance y justificación, génesis y evolución legislativa en el... more

2025, Computers & Security

Research on cybersecurity security skills is highly relevant in today's digital era, where cybersecurity threats are growing in complexity and frequency. This study aims to evaluate and contrast multiple EU-based cybersecurity skills frameworks to highlight areas of convergence, divergence, and potential gaps, offering valuable insights for improving the cohesion and applicability of these frameworks. It was applied a qualitative content analysis approach combined with a comparative analysis technique. This approach is used to identify the main cybersecurity skills emphasized across EU-based cybersecurity frameworks, exploring how they differ in terms of structure, scope, and focus areas, and discovering the main strengths and limitations of these frameworks. The findings support the creation of more inclusive and adaptive frameworks that address underrepresented areas, such as the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and emerging domains like AI security. Overall, this study serves as a foundational resource for enhancing cybersecurity resilience, promoting skills standardization, and advancing the EU's leadership in global cybersecurity preparedness.

2025, Derecho de la comunicación, selección de casos prácticos. Obra adaptada al Grado en Derecho

. Una tienda alemana de moda online llamada Trendy ID instala en su web un plug in que muestra el módulo social like de una conocida red social. De este modo, la web detecta la mera “entrada” del usuario en la web y envía tanto la dirección IP del usuario como la identificación de su navegador a la red social. 2. Tras esta visita, el usuario no se marcha con las “manos vacías”, puesto que la red social le obsequia con unas cuantas cookies que inserta en su navegador, de manera que el sitio web puede consultar la actividad previa del navegador....

2025, Diario La Ley (Estudios doctrinales)

¿Es un derecho afín suficiente para acorazar un periodismo de calidad? La grave crisis económica que atraviesa el sector periodístico justifica la oportunidad de la creación de un nuevo derecho creado ad hoc para editores y autores de prensa. Éste es, de hecho, el presupuesto fáctico para que el legislador europeo haya creado a través de la Directiva de Copyright un derecho conexo concebido para editores y autores de prensa, al objeto de que puedan hacer efectivos derechos correspondientes al uso de sus publicaciones en línea frente a prestadores de servicios en Internet. La incorporación a derecho interno del texto europeo se ha efectuado mediante un decreto ómnibus que, si bien tiene una vocación de termporalidad, puesto que necesita ser refrendado en el Parlamento, supone el nacimiento de un nuevo derecho. En el presente artículo se desbrozan las principales novedades que implica el alumbramiento del nuevo derecho, al objeto de determinar su delimitación y alcance.

2025, MultiMedia Publishing

Peisajul tehnologic global modern este modelat de progrese rapide și interconectivitate, ceea ce duce la un ecosistem complex de inovare, competiție și colaborare. Evoluții semnificative se constată în inteligența artificială , telecomunicații, biotehnologie și tehnologii energetice. Digitalizarea redefinește industrii precum sănătatea, transporturile și finanțele, în timp ce fluxurile de date transfrontaliere și infrastructura 5G accelerează conectivitatea globală. Jucători cheie precum Statele Unite, China și Japonia investesc masiv în cercetare și dezvoltare, împingând mai departe capacitățile AI și ale calculului cuantic. Aceste națiuni au adoptat inițiative strategice pentru a-și spori încrederea în sine tehnologică și pentru a se asigura că companiile lor rămân în fruntea inovației.
Uniunea Europeană este poziționată ca un jucător distinct în peisajul tehnologic global, având ca scop stimularea inovației, asigurând în același timp încrederea, confidențialitatea și sustenabilitatea. Prin valorificarea puterii sale de reglementare, investind în infrastructura digitală și sporind colaborarea între statele membre, UE încearcă să-și sporească autonomia strategică și competitivitatea în fața schimbărilor tehnologice rapide.
România a cunoscut o dezvoltare semnificativă în sectorul său tehnologic în ultimele două decenii. Condusă de o combinație de sprijin guvernamental, o forță de muncă bine educată și poziționare strategică în Uniunea Europeană, România își pune din ce în ce mai mult amprenta pe scena tehnologiei.
Acest studiu oferă o imagine de ansamblu asupra tendințelor tehnologice globale actuale și starea resurselor tehnologice din Uniunea Europeană și în special din România, analizând punctele forte și punctele slabe ale sectorului și evidențiind oportunitățile și provocările care urmează.

2025

Workshop on "Towards an Integrated European Space: Convergence of Police and Health Data" - Bilbao, 2025

2024

This article provides an overview of the dissemination work carried out in META-NET from 2010 until early 2014; we describe its impact on the regional, national and international level, mainly with regard to politics and the situation of funding for LT topics. This paper documents the initiative's work throughout Europe in order to boost progress and innovation in our field.

2024, 20 Years in the European Union in Terms of Law and the Era of Sustainability

Príspevok je venovaný analýze problematiky jednotného digitálneho trhu v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Jeho prvotnej realizácií na úrovni Európskej únie prostredníctvom stratégií, aktov sekundárneho práva a ich následnému reflektovaniu zo strany vnútroštátnych iniciatív v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Cieľom predkladaného príspevku je tak prostredníctvom dostupných dát zistiť, či dlhodobé strategické plány majú pozitívny vplyv na postavenie Slovenska v každoročne zverejňovaných správach Indexu digitálnej ekonomiky a spoločnosti DESI a správach o Stave digitálneho desaťročia.

2024, MultiMedia Publishing

The modern global technological landscape is shaped by rapid advances and interconnectivity, leading to a complex ecosystem of innovation, competition and collaboration. Significant developments are being seen in artificial intelligence, telecommunications, biotechnology and energy technologies. Digitalization is redefining industries such as healthcare, transport and finance, while cross-border data flows and 5G infrastructure are accelerating global connectivity. Key players such as the United States, China and Japan are investing heavily in research and development, pushing the capabilities of AI and quantum computing further. These nations have adopted strategic initiatives to increase their technological self-confidence and ensure that their companies remain at the forefront of innovation.
The European Union is positioned as a distinct player in the global technological landscape, aiming to stimulate innovation while ensuring trust, privacy and sustainability. By leveraging its regulatory power, investing in digital infrastructure and increasing collaboration between Member States, the EU is seeking to increase its strategic autonomy and competitiveness in the face of rapid technological change.
Romania has seen significant development in its technology sector over the past two decades. Driven by a combination of government support, a well-educated workforce and strategic positioning within the European Union, Romania is increasingly making its mark on the technology scene.
This study provides an overview of current global technology trends and the state of technology resources in the European Union and in Romania in particular, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the sector and highlighting the opportunities and challenges ahead.

2024

Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma "Ústavněprávní aspekty nakládání státních orgánů s provozními a lokalizačními údaji" zpracovala sama. Veškeré prameny a zdroje informací, které jsem použila k sepsání této práce, byly citovány... more

2024

In recent years, the advent of new technologies has impacting an increasing number of economic sectors including transportation. New organizational tools have emerged to facilitate the matching between service providers and consumers. In fact, Uber platform provided an innovative way, the application, to mediate the interaction between both drivers and riders. Platform operators usually provide information about the service user, facilitate online payment, and resolve disputes. The use of these platforms has been booting the rise of Uber and the ascent of this online empowered “sharing economy” has changed that numerous people live. The subsequent “shared economy” offers different optionsfrequently with reduce costscompared to existing established taxi companies. These online platforms are on the way to eliminating the traditional way of transport. Consumers and other advocates praise Uber for their ability to provide new economic efficiency compared to traditional ridesharing optio...

2024, European Journal of Communication

EU state aid rules are part of the EU’s competition policy, a form of soft law developed to nudge states away from public investments in many areas. Rules were used to impose that market competition holds a privileged position, and that enacting social, political, or economic benefits that might stifle competition requires a complicated legal and political negotiation process between the European Commission, Member States, and private companies. Nonetheless, many strategic projects or situations in recent years lead to significant state aid. The Commission utilised a variety of means to encourage both private and public investments in EU based digital infrastructure that is critical for public media services and for unified European data space. Despite EU’s balancing act between the private and public interests, business interests are dangerously capturing the development in the media data space. To grasp the social and economic contribution of publicly financed productive activities, we approach public broadcasting systems as producers of public wealth of a peculiar kind whose activities and goals are defined by their public purpose, rather than the imperatives of capital and profit-making. Unifying data spaces with too many design decisions conceded to capitalist production runs the risk of further neglecting social foundations of member states. We argue that the desired digital transformation would be more successful if it moved towards affirmative approaches to public services and public infrastructures, recognising the historical and contemporary contribution of the production of public wealth and public media in member states.

2024, UNIO – EU Law Journal

Digital Single Market is the new political goal that promotes the creation of digital solutions to support the European Union’s evolution. It is believed to be one means by which the EU can attract investments from new IT tools’ economic agents. For that purpose, the European Unionsettled various interoperability measures so that both Member States and European institutions were able to set the example on how digital tools are important and one of Union’s goals. In this particular setting, the European Union engaged the ISA2 programme to promote interoperability solutions for Public Administrations, citizens and companies which aimed to bring more transparency to those relationships established between Public Administrations (both functional and organic European administrations) and common citizens and companies. In the medium run, interoperability solutions will provide the European Union with an e-Administration (electronic administration) which visible face will be an e-Governmen...

2024, Euroinfo

În contextul în care accelerarea tranziției digitale este evidentă în toate regiunile lumii, iar Uniunea Europeană se află în urma SUA în ceea ce privește competitivitatea digitală, în plan comunitar se remarcă intensificarea adoptării de inițiative de reglementare mai strictă a activității companiilor și a serviciilor digitale. Acestea includ atât măsuri de susținere a companiilor autohtone, dar și de monitorizare a mediului concurențial. Prezentul articol are ca principale obiective: (1) analiza Strategie i și a viziunii UE în materie de digitalizare și a factorilor determinanți; (2) interpretarea pozițiilor ocupate de țările UE în clasamentele mondiale în materie de competitivitate digitală; (3) evidențierea accentuării protecționismului digital prin instrumente specifice de protejare a vieții private a consumatorilor, a ordinii publice, a securității, dar și prin noi inițiative de taxare a economiei digitale, asociate cu ținta consolidării suveranității digitale a UE.

2024, Journal of Digital Media & Policy, 15(2)

Voyo, owned by Central European Media Enterprises (CME) and operating across six national territories, is currently one of the only three prominent transnational SVoD services based in countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Under the new owner PPF, a Czech-based investment group which bought CME from AT&T, Voyo enjoyed unprecedented levels of investment in high-end original content, which resulted in a dynamic growth of subscribers from 2020 onwards, making it the second strongest streamer in Czechia and Slovakia after Netflix. The article labels CME’s digital strategy ‘deep localism’ and approaches it through the recent political-economic debates about the geography of platform economy. Despite its multi-territory corporate structure, CME has isolated each of its national Voyo services in terms of original production, licensing and audience targeting. This shows in the high percentage of local content as well as the virtual absence of its cross-border circulation between the national Voyo catalogues, which have been branded as purely national. The article interprets this compartmentalized strategy of deep localism as both a response to the changes in the global streaming market and an attempt to preserve the traditional linear audiences of CME in the new digital era. The research behind the article is based on interviews with CME executives and on comparative VoD catalogue analysis.

2024, ELTE Law Journal

The article argues that the Digital Services Act, as part of the EU’s broader attempt to regulate intermediary services providers in a constantly growing and challenging technological, social and political environment, does not provide a final and comprehensive solution to the issue. The Digital Services Act appears inconsistent with the previous case law of European supranational judiciary forums regarding the prohibition of general monitoring by intermediary services providers. In fact, it provides
the Member States with vaguely worded regulatory exceptions in the event of a ban on general monitoring. However, the Digital Services Act can be seen as a legitimate and necessary attempt to enforce the regulation at the European level through Member States while at the same time giving a unique regulatory position in specific cases to the European Commission or pan-European legal bodies in general. Finally, the Digital Services Act also turns initial enforced self-regulatory attempts to regulate social harms, possibly caused by intermediary services providers, into co-regulation.

2024, Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi

2024

Recenze posuzuje monografii JUDr. Jiřiho Veceři na tema Ochrana spotřebitele v Ceske republice a Evropske unii

2024, Revista de Derecho Privado

Las nuevas excepciones al derecho de autor en la Unión Europea: en favor del empleo de la tecnología digital en la investigación y la educación

2024, Bancaria

Intelligenza artificiale e diritto d'autore. L'addestramento di un modello di Ia e i mezzi per evitare il data scraping Nella fase di addestramento di un modello di Ia vengono utilizzati contenuti protetti dal diritto d'autore, organizzati in dataset strutturati che possono contenere opere preesistenti che poi, nel caso di modelli generativi, ricompongono in una forma ibrida, elaborata. Lo sviluppatore di tali modelli e in particolare gli Ai-trainer dovrebbero chiedere il consenso, e pagare il corrispettivo, a tutti i titolari dei diritti dei materiali utilizzati per procedere a tale uso. Tuttavia durante sviluppo e addestramento di modelli di Intelligenza artificiale il consenso a tali usi può non essere necessario nel caso di attività di Text and Data Mining effettuata per scopi di ricerca scientifica e, anche, per altri scopi purché, in quest'ultimo caso, sia stata esercitata correttamente la riserva d'uso (opt-out). In the training phase of an Ai model, copyright-protected content organised in structured datasets is used, which may contain pre-existing works that are then, in the case of generative models, recomposed into a hybrid, elaborated form. The developer of such models and Ai trainers should seek the consent of, and pay a fee to, all right holders of the materials used to make such use. Nevertheless, during the development and training of Ai models, permission for such uses may not be necessary in the case of text and data mining carried out for scientific research purposes, and for other purposes provided that, in the latter case, the opt-out has been properly exercised.

2024, European Cinema in the Streaming Era: Policy, Platforms, and Production

Film premieres, exclusive screenings and other special events have taken on increased significance in the exhibition sector of the film industry. They are important promotional events for films large and small, raising awareness among audiences to support the distribution and exhibition process. Such events are traditionally organised in cinemas. Exhibitors, but also film festivals, producers and distributors, organise events for films to varying degrees. However, with the development of the online market, and more recently the Covid 19 pandemic, film events are also increasingly
organised online.

2024

Este libro es fruto de una jornada organizada en el marco de la Fundacion Gregorio Peces-Barba, celebrada en el Campus de Getafe de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y financiada al amparo de la subvencion recibida en la convocatoria de 2013 de la Secretaria de Estado para la Union Europea (Resolucion de 23 de enero de 2013, BOE no 27, de 31 de enero de 2013), del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperacion.

2024, Systems

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2024

This whitepaper collects the technology solutions that the projects in the Data Protection, Security and Privacy Cluster propose to address the challenges raised by the working areas of the Free Fl ...

2024, Mezinárodní management v hudebním sektoru

The e-publication International management in music sector deals with the terminology, trends, products, processes, habitual negotiating practices and standard agreement forms common to the sector. The closing chapter is devoted to the... more

2024, Christopher Meir, Roderik Smits (eds.), European Cinema in the Streaming Era Policy, Platforms, and Production.

Transnational SVOD services have been redefining and, in many ways, reinforcing centre-periphery hierarchies in the global screen media industries through the uneven cross-border distribution of content and local production investment. After reaching high levels of SVOD penetration and local content investment in the mature digital markets of the ‘big five’ West European countries, whose national production has traditionally travelled relatively well across borders (Grece 2017; Higson 2018; Jones 2020), transnational streamers’ attentions have also been shifting gradually to the smaller Western European countries, such as Belgium, and most recently to the more peripheral, but fast-growing markets of East-Central Europe (Iordache et al. 2022, 315). The objective of the chapter, however, goes beyond a traditional regional case study. In its first part, it aims to propose a conceptual framework for critically studying streamer dependency in small and/or peripheral markets. To develop such a framework, it draws on three fields of research: platform studies (to tackle transnational SVOD economic and cultural logics, as well as the uneven power relations that platforms create in different industries), ethnographically-oriented production studies (to analyse power relations inscribed in the professional ‘self-conceptions’, ‘industry lores’ and ‘platforms imaginaries’ of independent producers from small/peripheral countries), and policy studies (especially studies on the European Commission’s Digital Single Market strategy, the EU’s efforts to regulate transnational platforms, and the position of small states in this context). By using these approaches to ask questions about quantitative and qualitative data on Czech producers gathered in a unique survey commissioned by the Czech Film Fund during the Covid 19 pandemic, it then shows that ‘streamer dependency’ does not result unilaterally from the extractive global business models, but that it is also conditioned by market peripherality, insufficient regulation of online services, and the structural weaknesses of independent producers.

2024, Future of Europe in Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi

The Digital Europe Program (DIGITAL) is a European Union program aimed at accelerating the continent's digital transformation, increasing global digital competitiveness, and establishing technological sovereignty. It focuses on vital digital technologies such as HPC, broadband Internet access, Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud services, cyber security, the digital single market, and advanced digital competencies. DIGITAL is regarded as critical for Europe's strategic autonomy in the digital sphere, and it is more than a project; it represents a massive transition that initiates socioeconomic change. The program develops a European data economy and a digital single market, influencing the EU's socioeconomic dynamics. The achievement of technical sovereignty is dependent on exemplary implementation, finance, and management initiatives.

2024, Revue pro právo a technologie

Článek Historické právní informace a jejich databázové zpřístupnění zkoumá zpřístupňování výrazně specifického druhu právních informací – historických právních informací. V své první části se článek zabývá všeobecnými otázkami zpřístupňování historických právních informací a nakládání s nimi. Druhá část popisuje současnou českou situaci a zmiňuje současné praktické obtíže. Třetí část článku přináší kritický přehled aktivit, které byly dosud na poli digitalizace ve zkoumané oblasti uskutečněny. Čtvrtá část článku tyto projekty sumárně hodnotí na podkladu tohoto hodnocení formuluje optimální požadavky na podobu dalších aktivit. Z těchto požadavků vychází podoba vytvářeného projektu Národní právní dědictví, stručně popsaná částí pátou. Možnosti systému podrobně popisuje rozsáhlá část šestá o způsobech jeho využívání. Část část sedmá pak doplňuje část šestou přiblížením roviny vybraných technických parametrů řešení systému.

2024, Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Comparing legacy media responses to the changing business of news: Cross-national similarities and differences across media types. International communication gazette, 81(6-8), 686-706.

2024, Munispace – čítárna Masarykovy univerzity

Monografie vznikla jako výsledek projektu Grantové agentury ČR "Mezinárodní právo soukromé a právo duševního vlastnictví-kolizní otázky" (GA17-19923S). Recenzenti: prof. JUDr. Martin Boháček, CSc.

2024

Multilingualism is a cultural cornerstone of Europe and firmly anchored in the European treaties including full language equality. However, language barriers impacting business, cross-lingual and cross-cultural communication are still omnipresent. Language Technologies (LTs) are a powerful means to break down these barriers. While the last decade has seen various initiatives that created a multitude of approaches and technologies tailored to Europe's specific needs, there is still an immense level of fragmentation. At the same time, AI has become an increasingly important concept in the European Information and Communication Technology area. For a few years now, AI – including many opportunities, synergies but also misconceptions – has been overshadowing every other topic. We present an overview of the European LT landscape, describing funding programmes, activities, actions and challenges in the different countries with regard to LT, including the current state of play in indus...

2024, Rivista Italiana di Antitrust / Italian Antitrust Review

2024, IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

The ethical and societal implications of artificial intelligence systems raise concerns. In this article, we outline a novel process based on applied ethics, namely, Z-Inspection , to assess if an AI system is trustworthy. We use the definition of trustworthy AI given by the high-level European Commission's expert group on AI. Z-Inspection is a general inspection process that can be applied to a variety of domains where AI systems are used, such as business, healthcare, and public sector, among many others. To the best of our knowledge, Z-Inspection is the first process to assess trustworthy AI in practice.

2024, Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi

2024, The MANTIS Book

DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

2024, Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

The evolution of cloud computing has changed the way in which Cloud Service Providers offer their services and how Cloud Customers consume them, moving towards the usage of multiple Cloud Services, in what is called multi-cloud. Multi-cloud is gaining interest by the expansion of IoT, edge and the Cloud Continuum where distributed Cloud federation models are necessary for effective application deployment and operation. This work presents ACSmI, Advanced Cloud Service Meta-intermediator, a solution that implements a Cloud federation, supporting the seamless brokerage of Cloud Services. Technical details addressing the discovered shortcomings are presented, including a proof of concept built on JHipster, Java, InfluxD, Telegraf and Grafana. ACsmI contributes to relevant elements of the European Gaia-X initiative, specifically to the federated catalogue, continuous monitoring, and certification of services. The experiments show that proposed solution effectively saves up to 75% of the DevOps teams' effort to discover, contract and monitor cloud services.

2024, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science

The software industry has evolved from software on the shelf based applications deployed in dedicated servers , to Software as a service based components running on public or private Clouds and now to Cloud Service Brokers. So, Cloud service brokerages have emerged as digital intermediaries in the information technology (IT) services market (Shang, 2013), creating value for cloud computing clients and vendors alike. This paper presents an approach to foster next generation cloud service brokers through an ecosystem of trusted, interoperable and legally compliant cloud services through an added value Cloud Services intermediator. This ecosystem will offer, create, consume and assess trusted, interoperable, and standard Cloud Services, where to (semi-)automatically deploy the next generation service based software applications.

2024