Early Bronze Age (Archaeology) Research Papers (original) (raw)

Hypothesis: All symbols of ancient coins of India from Ujjain are Indus script hieroglyphs and hypertexts.
This hypothesis is tested by decipherment hieroglyphs on the Coin showing Karttikeya and
Lakshmi (Ujjain, circa 150–75 BCE):
1. tree-in-railing kuṭi 'tree' Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'
2. spoked wheel څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) ( P چرخ ). 2. A wheeled-carriage, a gun-carriage, a cart. Pl. څرخونه ṯs̱arḵẖūnah. څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (Pashto) Rebus: arkasala 'goldsmith workshop' ara 'spoke' Rebus: arka 'brass'
3. So-called Ujjain symbol: + hieroglyph with four circles + hieroglyph agnikunda 'sacred fire altar' PLUS गोटी [ gōṭī ] f (Dim. of गोटा) A roundish stone or pebble Rebus 1: goTa 'laterite (ferrite ore); Rebus 2:L. khoṭf ʻalloy'; 3. गोटी [ gōṭī ] 'A lump of silver'.
This is an addendum to:
https://www.academia.edu/37623652/Punch_marked_coin_symbols_are_Indus_Script_Cipher_continuum_signify_wealth_accounting_mint_ledgers
Coin showing Karttikeya and Lakshmi (Ujjain, circa 150–75 BCE)
Malwa - Wikipedia

Hieroglyphs on an ancient coin including yupa (bent pillar on top comparable to the Isapur yupa) as a hieroglyph, installed on a railed platform.Ujjain,
anonymous AE 1/6 karshapana, bull type Weight: 1.37 gm., Diameter: 11x10 mm. .Obv.: Bull to right with Indradhvaja above; railed yupa (sacrifical post)
on right.1Rev.: Double-orbed Ujjain symbol.Reference: Pieper 333

Clay sealing with hieroglyph of three yupa on a railed platform. Malwa, clay sealing
Weight: 4.48 gm., Dimensions: 20x15 mm.Railed yupa (sacrificial post) with side decorations and a Brahmi legend below reading khadasa
Reference: Pieper collection
Harappa tablet.
Some examaples of Eran ancient coins: Source: http://coinindia.com/galleries-eran1.html
Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, six punch 'human type'
Weight: 4.85 gm., Dimensions: 20x19 mm.
River in centre; on top railed tree on left and standing human on right; on the
bottom from left to right 'Ujjain symbol', bull and sun.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 458 (plate coin)
Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, five punch 'human type'
Weight: 3.99 gm., Dimensions: 18x16 mm.
Bull on the left, railed tree in centre, standing human on right; river at the bottom;
'Ujjain symbol' at the top.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 459 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, large 'human type' countermark
Weight: 4.73 gm., Dimensions: 21x20 mm.
A large c/m depicting a standing human holding stick and kamandalu is placed on the blank
reverse of a worn Eran coin which shows an 'Ujjain symbol' and a lotus-flower.
Reference: Pieper 420 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/4 AE karshapana, five punch 'elephant type'
Weight: 2.80 gm., Dimensions: 19x16 mm.
Elephant on the left, railed tree in centre,'Ujjain symbol' with nandipada on one of its
orbs on right; railed Indradhvaja on top; river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 460 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, five punch 'elephant type'
Weight: 5.52 gm., Dimensions: 20x18 mm.
Elephant on the left, railed tree in centre, (lotus)flower on the right;
railed Indradhvaja on top; river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 463 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 3/4 AE karshapana, five punch 'elephant type'
Weight: 6.24 gm., Dimensions: 20x20 mm.
Elephant on the right, railed Indradhvaja in centre, 'Ujjain symbol' with nandipada on
one of its orbs on the left; river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 464 (plate coin)

.
Eran-Vidisha AE 1/2 karshapana, Bhumidata, six punch type
Weight: 5.10 gm., Dimensions: 21x21 mm.
Railed tree in centre; elephant on left and railed Indradhvaja on right;
river at the bottom; on top right taurine in fixed railing and on top left legend
punch reading rajno bhumidatasa
Blank reverse
Reference: S. Tiwari collection, p. 196, var.3 / Pieper 489 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, five punch 'elephant type'
Weight: 7.84 gm., Dimensions: 21x21 mm.
Elephant on the right, railed Indradhvaja in centre, taurine in open enclosure on left;
six-armed symbol, on top; river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: BMC, pl.XVIII, no.9 / Pieper 465 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 3/4 AE karshapana, five punch 'horse type'
Weight: 6.94 gm., Dimensions: 25x23 mm.
Obv.: Horse on the left and six-armed symbol on the right.
Rev.: 'Ujjain symbol' and Indradhvaja on top; river at the bottom.
Reference: Pieper 468 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, four punch 'horse type'
Weight: 8.03 gm., Dimensions: 20x17 mm.
Horse on the left, Indradhvaja in damaru-shaped enclosure on the right;
'Ujjain symbol' on top; river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 466 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, four punch 'horse type'
Weight: 10.83 gm., Dimensions: 25x23 mm.
Obv.: Horse on the right and tree-on-hill with a taurine in each of its three archs on the left;
'Ujjain symbol' with taurine topped lines between; river at the bottom
Reference: S. Tiwari collection, p.144, type24, var.c / Pankaj Tandon collection

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, five punch 'horse type'
Weight: 10.25 gm., Dimensions: 23x22 mm.
Horse on the left, railed tree in centre,elaborate Ujjain symbol on the right, railed
Indradhvaja on top, river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: BMC, pl. XVIII, no.14/ Pieper 467 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, four punch 'horse & elephant type'
Weight: 5.10 gm., Dimensions: 20x17 mm.
Horse on the left and elephant on the right; 'Ujjain symbol on top;
river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: BMC, pl. XVIII, no.17-18 / Pieper 470 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, five punch 'horse & elephant type'
Weight: 8.13 gm., Dimensions: 22x20mm.
Horse on the left, elephant on the right and six-armed symbol in centre;
'Ujjain symbol' on top and river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 473 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 3/8 AE karshapana, five punch 'bull type'
Weight: 3.52 gm., Dimensions: 17x17 mm.
Bull on the left, 'Ujjain symbol' in centre and Indradhvaja on the right;
railed tree on top and river at the bottom.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 474 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous AE karshapana, five punch 'bull & elephant & lion type'
Weight: 7.47 gm., Dimensions: 20x20 mm.
River in centre; on top bull on the left and elepahnt on the right;
at the bottom lion on left and elaborate 'Ujjain symbol' on the right.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 476 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/8 AE karshapana, two punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 1.15 gm., Dimensions: 11x9 mm.
Railed tree on the left and Ujjain symbol on the right.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 477 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 3/4 AE karshapana, two punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 6.41 gm., Dimensions: 21x20 mm.
Obv.: Lotus flower and cakra.
Rev.: Worn traces of Eran coin undertype(elephant, river, railed Indradhvaja, lotus
flower, railed tree and six-armed symbol)
Reference: Pieper 478(plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/4 AE karshapana, three punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 2.07 gm., Dimensions: 14x14 mm.
Indradhvaja, 'Ujjain symbol' and six-armed symbol.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 479 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 3/4 AE karshapana, three punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 6.10 gm., Dimensions: 22x22 mm.
Obv.: Indradhvaja, railed tree and 'Ujjain symbol'.
Rev.: Worn traces of obverse design of Ujjain undertype depicting 'bull facing railed
Indradhvaja'.
Reference: BMC, pl.XVIII, no.16 / Pieper 481 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, five punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 5.35 gm., Dimensions: 20x19 mm.
'Ujjain symbol', Indradhvaja, railed tree, river.
Blank reverse
Reference: Pieper 482 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, four punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 5.70 gm., Dimensions: 20x20 mm.
The same type as previous coin but a damaru-in-damaru-shaped-enclosure on
the reverse.
Reference: Pieper 483 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, four punch 'symbol type'
Weight: 4.39 gm., Dimensions: 19x18 mm.
Railed tree on top left, flower on top right; at the bottom 'Ujjain symbol' on the right
and closed semicircle with two fish inside and two svastikas above on the left.
Blank reverse
Reference: BMC, pl. XVIII, no.12/ Pieper 484 (plate coin)

Eran, anonymous 1/2 AE karshapana, 'symbol type' countermark
Weight: 5.99 gm., Dimensions: 22x20 mm.
Obv.:Closed semicircle similar to that on previous coin but with 'Ujjain symbol' above
in one single punch (countermark)
Rev.: Worn Eran 'elephant & horse type' (elephant, horse, river,'Ujjain symbol)
Reference: -

A number of different countermarks are known on copper coins from western and eastern Malwa. Among them a standing human (Siva) type, railed tree, srivatsa flanked by taurines, hill with plant on its top, taurine fixed in open railing, bull and probably some others. The c/m on this coin is rarely found and is specific to the Eran-Vidisha region.