Ecology of infectious diseases Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

To analyze the link between climate change and people's health, reflecting on the challenges it poses for both primary care in public health as well as for health professionals. Method: The essay is divided in three stages: The first briefly describes environmental epistemology as an object of study. The second refers to the influence of economic growth and development on environmental change, reflecting on the population's vulnerability to climate change. The effects and consequences of climate change on the health of people are analyzed. Finally, suggested actions towards conditions of environmental health proposed for public health are exposed. Conclusion: People`s empowerment by health professionals is significant when building social capital for the development of health and environmental public policies and programs.

2025, Dynamis: Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam

This paper offers a periodization of the history of plague in Brazil. It is based on the ways in which experts and public health officers framed the disease, the elements they considered responsible for its spread, and changes in these elements over time. In accordance with this periodization, the article first argues that the ecology of plague became progressively more complex in the 20th century, suggesting the rise of a more ecological-oriented view among Brazilian doctors. It then proposes that political and institutional transformations also shaped this intellectual change in the epidemiological reasoning about pla gue in Brazil. The periodization is divided into three phases. The first phase ex tends from 1897, with the start of discussions about the risk of plague arriving in Brazil from Asia, to 1920, with a substantial reduction in the number of plague cases in coastal cities. In this initial phase, the framing of the plague transitioned from a disease spread by humans and the objects they touched to one spread by rats and their fleas. The second phase, from 1920 to 1950, was characterized by the hegemony of rats in epidemiological explanations for the presence of plague in cities and rural areas of Brazil. The third and final phase, from 1951 to the early 1970s, was characterized by the progressive inclusion of wild rodents into scientific explanations for the spread and especially persistence of plague in some foci, mainly in the NorthEast. At the end of this phase, the scientific consensus in Brazil was that wild rodents constituted the main plague reservoir.

2025

RESUMEN Fundamentos: Existen numerosos trabajos que relacionan la mortalidad con diferentes factores ambientales. Estos se centran en la poblacion general o en el grupo de personas mayores de 65 anos. pero son escasos los que se refieren al grupo de 45 a 64 anos. en el que la mortalidad tiene gran repercu\ion economica y social. El objeto del presente articulo es anali/.ar la asociacion existente entre la mortalidad diaria. tanto total como por diversas causas especificas. con la temperatura del alre en este grupo etario en la Comunidad de Madrid, de la cual la\ carastetisticas clima- ticas extremas hacen especialmente interesante t.1 trabajo. Metodos: Se utiliza la modelizacion ARIMA segun la me- todologia Box-Jenkins para el filtrado de las series de mortali- dad diaria j de temperaturas. Entre los residuales be establecen funciones de correlacion cruzada que permiten establecer una asociacion entre las series ehminando los factores estacionales comunes, asi como determinar el tie...

2025

Julio Díaz , Rocío Carmona (2) , Isidro J Mirón, Cristina Ortiz, Yolanda Luna, Cristina Linares. (1) Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Ca rlos III. Madrid. j.diaz@isciii.es (2) Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Ca rlos III. Madrid.rocio.carmona@isciii.es (3) Distrito de Salud Pública de Torrijos. Toledo. ijmiron@jccm.es (4) Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Ca rlos III. Madrid. cortizb@isciii.es (5) Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Madrid. mlunar@aemet.es (6) Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Ca rlos III. Madrid. clinares@isciii.es

2025, Revista de Salud Ambiental

El Instituto de Salud Carlos III en colaboración con la editorial La Catarata ha publicado el libro “Temperaturas extremas y salud. Cómo nos afectan las olas de calor y de frío”. Los autores son investigadores de la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (Cristina Linares, Rocío Carmona, Cristina Ortiz y Julio Díaz) con una amplia experiencia en el campo de la sanidad ambiental y responsables de varios estudios que relacionan variables ambientales con problemas de salud y con un gran número de trabajos publicados en prestigiosas revistas científicas lo que les convierte en referentes a nivel internacional en esta área.

2025, Oecologia Australis

A Serra do Ouro Branco, está localizada na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, região de transição entre o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi inventariar os pequenos mamíferos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Ouro Branco (PESOB) e do Monumento Natural Estadual de Itatiaia, unidades de conservação da Serra do Ouro Branco, e comparar com a diversidade encontrada em outras áreas da Cadeia do Espinhaço. A amostragem durou 24 meses (2009-2010) utilizando pitfall traps. Foram registradas 19 espécies de pequenos mamíferos, 13 de roedores e seis de marsupiais, com um esforço de 6664 armadilhas/noite. A área de estudo apresentou baixa similaridade com outras áreas do Espinhaço. Foram registradas espécies raras e inéditas para esta cadeia de montanhas. Foi detectada elevada dissimilaridade em toda a Cadeia, revelada pelo grande número de ocorrências únicas (40%) e baixo número de espécies que ocorreram em pelo menos metade das áreas inventariadas (17%). Assim, a alta riqueza e diversidade registradas aliadas a particularidade na composição de espécies de cada área e a escassez de dados para a região norte e principalmente central da cadeia do Espinhaço reforçam a importância de mais estudos e inventários de pequenos mamíferos em toda a sua extensão. Palavras-chave: inventário; marsupiais; Quadrilátero Ferrífero; roedores; Serra do Ouro Branco Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.

2025, DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Declaración de conflicto de intereses: Las autoras declaran que no existen conflictos de intereses que hayan influido en la realización y la preparación de este trabajo. Objetivo. Conocer el impacto de los niveles de polen de gramíneas en la utilización de las consultas de atención primaria por episodios de rinitis alérgica y asma en Santiago de Compostela durante un año. Método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico descriptivo. Se comparó la variable dicotómica "sobreconsulta" (semanas con un número de consultas mayor al esperado) con los niveles de polen. Además, se correlacionaron los episodios de asma o rinitis alérgica con los recuentos de polen, los contaminantes atmosféricos y las condiciones atmosféricas. Las variables que mostraron asociación se analizaron mediante regresión logística. Resultados. Las sobreconsultas por rinitis alérgica se asocian significativamente con los niveles altos de gramíneas. Existe fuerte asociación directa del número de episodios de rinitis alérgica con el recuento de polen y con los niveles de ozono. Los niveles de polen influyen significativamente en la existencia de sobreconsultas pero no existe relación entre estas y los niveles de ozono. Existe un número significativamente mayor de consultas por asma cuando los niveles de polen de gramíneas son altos. Se observa fuerte asociación directa de los episodios de asma con el polen y con los niveles de ozono. Estos influyen significativamente en la existencia de sobreconsultas pero no existe relación entre estas y los niveles de gramíneas. Conclusiones. El nivel de polen de gramíneas parece aumentar la probabilidad de sobreconsultas en atención primaria por rinitis alérgica. No existe evidencia de que los niveles de polen de gramíneas aumenten el número de consultas en atención primaria por asma.

2025, Revista De Salud Ambiental

2025, Revista de Salud Ambiental

2025, Revista De Salud Ambiental

2025, Revista de Salud Ambiental

2025, DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

2025, Ekonomiaz: Revista vasca de economía

Las inundaciones suponen un importante riesgo para el bienestar de las personas por el gran impacto que causan. Por ello, distintas instituciones han emprendido planes para la mejora de sistemas de alerta y prevención, mejoras que requieren información lo más precisa posible sobre los riesgos a los que se enfrenta la población y el entorno, los cuales se definen como la combinación de la probabilidad de darse un determinado suceso y el daño que potencialmente causaría. Este estudio tiene como fin avanzar en el establecimiento de metodologías que faciliten el análisis del riesgo, para lo cual se examinan varios de los estudios realizados en este contexto con el objetivo de extraer pautas metodológicas que puedan ser utilizadas en proyectos fluviales y áreas costeras.

2025

2025, Los efectos de la isla del calor. Medidas de adaptación ante el cambio climático.

En esta investigación se presenta una propuesta de medidas y acciones de adaptación a los efectos de la isla del calor en la salud de la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios.
Se abordan los conceptos de la adaptación a partir de un enfoque de los sistemas socioambientales donde intervienen factores físicos, ambientales, sociales, culturales y políticos, entendiendo que estos sistemas tienen procesos únicos, dinámicos y no lineales. Hacen hincapié desde una perspectiva en la que se integran los ecosistemas con la sociedad humana.
El tipo de estudio es prospectivo y con enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo).
En este sentido, la triangulación (corroboración) obtiene una convergencia, confirmación y/o correspondencia o no, de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos; entre la percepción social de la población a dichos efectos y los resultados obtenidos del comportamiento de la isla de calor en la salud de la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios del periodo de 1996 al 2016.
El análisis del medio físico contempla variables climáticas, usos de suelo, estadísticas de población, morbilidad, cobertura vegetal y la construcción de las islas de calor para la zona de estudio.
Se elaboraron mapas la isla de calor con software de Sistemas de Información Geográfica ArcGIS 10.3. En la elaboración y análisis de entrevistas de percepción semiestructuradas para la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios se tomaron en cuenta: área de residencia, condiciones socioeconómicas, problemas de salud y adaptación a la variabilidad del clima. Las prospectivas de acciones de adaptación a los efectos de la isla del calor en la salud de la población se proponen a partir de la información y resultados obtenidos en la investigación.

2025, Med Sci Monit

The importance of rapidly developing and distributing safe and effective vaccines was a major lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic, which drove new vaccine development technologies. In May 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated the identification of bacterial pathogens of importance to public health as guidance for research and development of strategies to prevent and overcome global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In June 2024, the WHO updated the 2017-18 list of priority pathogens to provide a scientific framework for epidemic and pandemic preparedness. The 2024 updated WHO list of priority pathogens also recognizes emerging infections and historical former pandemic infections, including Yersinia pestis, the cause of bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague. Between 2010 and 2019, the six countries with the most reported human cases of Yersinia pestis infection (from highest to lowest) were Madagascar, the Congo, Uganda, Peru, Tanzania, and the USA, with a total of 4,547 cases with a mortality rate of 17% (786 cases). More than 20 candidate plague vaccines are in the preclinical phase, with few in early (phase 1) clinical trials. This editorial highlights the need for continued review of potential pandemic pathogens and the re-emergence of plague, which awaits a vaccine.

2025, Dosieres Ecosociales

Regular y racionalizar las relaciones sociales y los intercambios con la naturaleza, así como proveer de la adecuada cobertura protectora frente a los riesgos sociales y ecológicos, justifican una intervención pública capaz de ordenar la vida social en aras del interés colectivo y el bien común.
Cuando se pone el foco en la intervención pública, en general, y en las funciones económicas del Estado, en particular, hay que tener en cuenta que la realidad socioeconómica se encuentra atravesada por diferentes tipos de regulaciones. En el funcionamiento habitual de la economía política capitalista operan la regulación mercantil junto a la regulación consciente privada que desarrollan las empresas al organizar internamente su actividad y la regulación consciente pública que se expresa a través de la actuación de las administraciones públicas en un sentido amplio. A lo que hay que añadir que la intervención pública no se limita a las funciones reguladoras, pudiendo desempeñar también el Estado un papel activo como agente económico y proveedor de bienes sociales y públicos. En cualquier caso, la existencia de múltiples
lógicas reguladoras —no siempre compatibles y complementarias— sitúa la cuestión de cómo logran coherencia y se articulan en función del grado de jerarquía y dominación que establecen unas en relación con las otras.
Para el tema que nos ocupa, la capacidad para regular las relaciones sociales y racionalizar los intercambios con la naturaleza, reduciendo los flujos materiales y el gasto energético, minimizando los impactos sobre los ecosistemas, la atención debe centrarse en la capacidad potencial que puedan presentar las administraciones públicas (en todos sus niveles, desde el ámbito local hasta el supranacional e internacional)
para actuar, al menos, en tres frentes: 1) en el de la dirección e impulso de las trasformaciones socioeconómicas necesarias; 2) en el de la redistribución y compensación a los sectores y grupos sociales afectados por esas transformaciones y 3) en el de la protección a los grupos más vulnerables frente a las consecuencias catastróficas más
inminentes asociadas a las crisis ecológicas en curso.

2025, Dosieres Ecosociales, FUHEM

El presente dosier se sitúa en la realidad presente de la desestabilización del clima, y las condiciones de agravamiento previstas medidas por la ciencia para los próximos años y décadas. En este marco, su objetivo es examinar las... more

2024, Revista Espanola De Salud Publica

2024

El cambio climatico no es solo un problema ambiental, sino que debe considerarse como un problema de salud publica que afecta a millones de personas y que tiene un impacto economico significativo. Debemos contribuir con urgencia –todos–a... more

2024, Revista Espanola De Salud Publica

2024, Parasitology Research

Reduced species diversity has been suggested to increase transmission rates and prevalence of infectious diseases. While this theory has been studied mostly in single pathogen systems, little is known regarding multiple pathogens systems in vertebrates at the community level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of host richness and diversity on multiple parasite systems on a local scale. We captured small rodents and collected feces in three different vegetation types in a natural protected area in Janos, Chihuahua, Mexico. The flotation technique was used to identify parasite eggs or oocysts. Analysis of linear correlations was conducted between parasite prevalence and host and parasite diversity and richness. Negative correlation was detected between parasite prevalence and host diversity (p =0.02 r 2 =−0.86), but no significant correlations was detected between parasite prevalence and host richness or parasite diversity or richness. Our study shows that at local scale, host diversity could affect multiple parasite systems in the same way that single pathogens do. Further studies should be performed on larger temporal and spatial scales to more thoroughly investigate the correlation observed in our analysis.

2024

El Calentamiento Global viene afectando a todo el mundo desde hace alrededor de 15 anos, con cambios que al principio parecian imperceptibles a la sensibilidad humana, pero que actualmente son absolutamente notorios y muy drasticos.Entre otros se encuentran los cambios climaticos presentes en la ciudad de Latacunga, al encontrarse en la serrania ecuatoriana y casi al pie del mundialmente conocido volcan Cotopaxi, susceptible a climas frios y calidos, provocado por los rayos perpendiculares del sol en la zona ecuatorial.En consecuencia se considera importante tratar como tema de investigacion los cambios bruscos de temperatura, asi como tambien las afecciones que producen en la salud de loshabitantes. Igualmente, los casos en los que se tienen infecciones respiratorias, ataques virales, decaimiento en ciertos problemas cronicos de salud propios de cada persona, y otros que a mayor detalle y amplitud seran planteados en el presente documento.

2024, Ciencia - Academia Mexicana de Ciencias

l ambiente ha experimentado alteraciones que no pueden pasar desapercibidas y que amenazan no sólo la salud, sino la vida de todos los organismos vivos en el planeta. Entre las más importantes están el daño a la capa estratosférica de ozono, la pérdida de especies de flora y fauna, la disminución de reservas de agua dulce, la degradación de los suelos y, sin duda, el calentamiento global. El incremento gradual de la temperatura global a través del tiempo no solamente produce un clima más caliente, sino también más seco. Igualmente produce un comportamiento errático, con cambios extremos que van desde temperaturas muy bajas a muy altas en una misma área geográfica, además de una tendencia a la baja en las precipitaciones pluviales en algunas regiones e inundaciones en otras. Todas estas alteraciones en los sistemas hídricos y climáticos, conocidas genéricamente como cambio climático, tienen una importancia evidente en la salud de las poblaciones a nivel mundial, que sólo comenzó a considerarse hasta hace relativamente poco. Era frecuente encontrar investigaciones enfocadas en la pérdida de recursos hídricos y de diversidad biológica, en la erosión de suelos y de ecosistemas, pero pocas investigaciones estaban relacionadas con la salud humana. Sin embargo, actualmente ya se considera que estos cambios en la temperatura a nivel global tienen un impacto adverso directo en los requerimientos básicos de la salud, como la calidad del aire y del agua, la producción de los alimentos para que sean adecuados en calidad y cantidad, y la vivienda segura. Se sabe que todos E 8 ciencia • octubre-diciembre 2012

2024, Journal of Medical Entomology

In total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Þve microbial species: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Babesia odocoilei, Borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial I. scapularis endosymbiont. Identities of genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16S DNA. In 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. In 45% (158/351), two or more agents were detected; 37% harbored two agents and 8% harbored three agents. One male tick, collected from Ft. McCoy, WI, harbored all four microbial genera. The highest rates of co-infection were by the Ixodes endosymbiont and B. burgdorferi (95/351). Two species of Babesia co-occurred within a single tick population in Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, Wells, ME, whereas only B. odocoilei was found in other tick populations. Only A. phagocytophilum human anaplasmosis variant was detected in questing ticks from Tippecanoe River State Park, IN; from Wells; and Ft. McCoy, whereas a single infected tick from Presque Isle, PA, was infected by AP-Variant 1. Partially engorged ticks from deer in Tippecanoe River State Park were all infected with AP-Variant 1. Frequency of infections with each agent varied among populations. Rates and types of co-infections were not signiÞcantly different from random except for the Ixodes endosymbiont and B. burgdorferi in male ticks, which co-occurred less frequently than expected. Thus, I. scapularis hosts an array of pathogenic and symbiotic agents and potential evidence of interactions among microbial species was observed.

2024, Epidemiology and Infection

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with new variants, continues to be a constant pandemic threat that is generating socio-economic and health issues in manifold countries. The principal goal of this study is to develop a machine learning experiment to assess the effects of vaccination on the fatality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 192 countries are analysed to explain the phenomena under study. This new algorithm selected two targets: the number of deaths and the fatality rate. Results suggest that, based on the respective vaccination plan, the turnout in the participation in the vaccination campaign, and the doses administered, countries under study suddenly have a reduction in the fatality rate of COVID-19 precisely at the point where the cut effect is generated in the neural network. This result is significant for the international scientific community. It would demonstrate the effective impact of the vaccination campaign on the fatality rate of COVID-19, whatever...

2024, 23/05/2024

El cambio climático y las enfermedades infecciosas Navegando el nuevo paisaje de la salud global en la era del cambio climático 23 MAYO 2024, NICOLÁS CASTILLO El cambio climático está cambiando el paisaje de la salud global El paisaje de la salud global está siendo reconfigurado por las fuerzas cambiantes del clima. A medida que el planeta se recalienta, las dinámicas de las enfermedades infecciosas se ven profundamente afectadas. Este artículo ofrece una mirada detallada a cómo el cambio climático está influyendo en la propagación y el surgimiento de enfermedades infecciosas, desafiando nuestras estrategias tradicionales de salud pública. Impacto en la proliferación de patógenos El incremento de las temperaturas contribuye a la multiplicación de patógenos, tanto en cantidad como en diversidad. Los organismos causantes de enfermedades, como bacterias, virus y parásitos, encuentran condiciones más favorables para su supervivencia y reproducción en entornos cálidos y húmedos. 12/6/24, 5:50 p.m. El cambio climático y las enfermedades infecciosas | Meer https://www.meer.com/es/80277-el-cambio-climatico-y-las-enfermedades-infecciosas 1/12 12/6/24, 5:50 p.m. El cambio climático y las enfermedades infecciosas | Meer https://www.meer.com/es/80277-el-cambio-climatico-y-las-enfermedades-infecciosas 2/12

2024, Revista de Salud Ambiental

The heat wave that occurred in Europe in the summer of 2003 led health authorities to develop Prevention Plans to minimize the impacts of heat waves on citizens´ health. Spain developed, based on existing research, a High Temperature Prevention Plan, which was in force until 2015, when it was updated. This paper summarizes studies carried out in our country that led to the updating of this Plan. We also analyze some studies conducted in Spain regarding cold waves and their attributable mortality; the temporal evolution of heat impacts according to age groups; the detection of specially susceptible groups; the geographic variability of the health effects of heat waves and their applicability to the improvement of Prevention Plans; and future lines of research in the field of extreme temperatures and their impact on health.

2024

ozono hacia latitudes medias y el efecto que generan los mismos sobre la radiación solar ultravioleta (UV). Se analiza el impacto en superficie teniendo en cuenta la influencia de la nubosidad a través de la comparación del Índice Ultravioleta (IUV) calculado para diferentes condiciones. Para ello, se utilizaron mediciones de satélite (OMI, CERES), y un modelo paramétrico que se aplicó en 4 sitios de Argentina a diferentes latitudes

2024, Research Square (Research Square)

One of the fundamental problems in modern economies is high carbon emissions and diffusion of pollutants from industrial activities focused on fossil-based energy that generate detrimental effects on climate, environment and human population. The goal of this study is to analyze new trajectories of technologies that can reduce, whenever possible, environmental degradation and support a sustainable growth. A model of technological evolution is proposed to detect new technological trajectories directed to sustainability. Results reveal that technologies with a high sustainability perspective for reducing environmental pollution and climate change are: offshore wind turbines, carbon capture storage technology associated with renewable energy, cellular agriculture and blockchain technology directed positive environmental impact. Findings here can sustain decision making of policymakers towards investment in promising technological directions that reduce environmental pollution and sustain ecological transition and sustainable development in human society.

2024

Body size (SVL) of adult Eleutherodactylus coqui frogs infected versus non-infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) were compared to determine a potential fitness cost of chytridiomycosis in persisting populations. Studies were conducted at two different elevations, in a Cloud Forest (650 m) and an Elfin Forest (850 m), in El Yunque, Puerto Rico. Results showed that Bd-infected males were significantly smaller than non-infected males in the Cloud Forest, but not in the Elfin Forest. Although infected females also tend to be smaller than non-infected ones, this effect was not significant. Bd prevalence and probability of infection by this fungus was significantly greater in the Cloud Forest than in the Elfin Forest, regardless of sex. We report on differences of environmental factors in these forest types in Puerto Rico, and discuss their implications on the growth of Bd and the vulnerability of frogs to infection by this pathogen.

2024, Microbiology Australia

Sydney. He has worked in a number of developing countries that have inspired a deep interest in microbiology and history.

2024, Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments

The purpose of this paper is to develop a machine-learning model for analyzing and predicting the number of hospitalizations of children in the Lviv region during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This wave is characterized by dominance of a new strain of the virus-Omicron-that spreads faster than previous ones and often affects children. Their high sociability and a low level of vaccination in Ukraine resulted in a sharp increase in the number of hospitalizations. The complexity of the research is also related to the geolocation of the Lviv region. This article analyzes and predicts the number of hospitalizations of children during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic for the first time for the Lviv region. Data were obtained from publicly available resources. Public Domain Software-the Python programming language and the Pandas library-was used for software implementation of the machine-learning method: the developed model consists of two components-analysis and prediction. The analysis of the number of hospitalized children was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Short-and medium-term predictions were made with the use of non-iterative SGTM neural-like structures that were taught in supervised mode and tested in online mode. The RMS and maximum ones that were reduced to the range of error values of short-term (up to a week) and medium-term (up to 2 weeks) predictions did not exceed 0.48% and 0.61% and 1.81% and 2.83%, respectively. The developed model can also be used for predicting other COVID-19 parameters.

2024, Nature microbiology

2024, Nature Microbiology

The apparent emergence of new and devastating Vibrio diseases in Latin America during significant El Niño events is striking. New microbiological, genomic and bioinformatic tools are providing us with evidence that El Niño may represent a... more

2024, Ecosphere

Sexual selection can drive variation in conspicuous traits, providing signals to females about overall male health including their ability to fight parasites. Trait–parasite relationships have been extensively studied in fish and birds, but few records exist for amphibians. Here, we focused on a direct‐developing frog (Eleutherodactylus cooki) that exhibits variation in the extent of yellow coloration on the venter of males, a sexually selected trait that is correlated with reproductive success and parental care. We quantified the relationship between the color trait and the prevalence of two parasites, a tick (Carios undescribed sp.) and a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), across hosts, populations, and environmental contexts. We found that tick larvae were carried more frequently by males than females. Among males, ticks parasitized more those with a greater extent of yellow coloration. We did not detect any patterns associated with sex, habitat use, or male colora...

2024, Correo Científico Médico

El calentamiento global o cambio climático es el aumento observado, en más de un siglo, de la temperatura del clima de la Tierra, demostrado con múltiples pruebas científicas. Objetivo: Diseñar un programa para gestionar la formación de postgrado en temas de cambio climático que permita elevar la preparación integral de los profesionales de la Salud. Método: La metodología empleada se sustenta en una investigación de desarrollo, a partir del enfoque histórico-lógico, auxiliado de métodos teóricos, como análisis-síntesis y empíricos, que comprenden revisión bibliográfica, encuestas, entrevistas estructuradas y observación. Resultados: La propuesta de contenidos estará encaminada hacia lo social, medio ambiental, científico y económico, a partir de la generalización e implementación de resultados científicos, materializados en la Tarea Vida, como principal estrategia de enfrentamiento.

2024, Revista Española de Salud Pública

Estudio financiado por l a Consejería de Educaci ón de l a Acción Coordi nada en Ci enci as de l a Sal ud 097. Y Cultura de l a Comuni dad Autónoma de Madri d través

2024, Conservation Biology

The past three decades have seen major declines in populations of several species of amphibians at high elevations in eastern Puerto Rico, a region unique in the humid tropics because of the degree of environmental monitoring that has taken place through the efforts of U.S. government agencies. I examined changes in environmental conditions by examining time-series data sets that extend back at least into the 1980s, a period when frog populations were declining. The data include forest cover; annual mean, minimum, and maximum daily temperature; annual rainfall; rain and stream chemistry; and atmospheric-dust transport. I examined satellite imagery and air-chemistry samples from a single National Aeronautics and Space Administration aircraft flight across the Caribbean showing patches of pollutants, described as thin sheets or lenses, in the lower troposphere. The main source of these pollutants appeared to be fires from land clearing and deforestation, primarily in Africa. Some pollutant concentrations were high and, in the case of ozone, approached health limits set for urban air. Urban pollution impinging on Puerto Rico, dust generation from Africa (potential soil pathogens), and tropical forest burning (gaseous pollutants) have all increased during the last three decades, overlapping the timing of amphibian declines in eastern Puerto Rico. None of the data sets pointed directly to changes so extreme that they might be considered a direct lethal cause of amphibian declines in Puerto Rico. More experimental research is required to link any of these environmental factors to this problem.

2024, Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It is affecting the entire planet. Despite the widespread use of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research and health planning, health scientists and practitioners have given little attention to the methodological aspects of this approach. The study of risk factors linked to the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most current and exciting topics for epidemiologists. These risks in many cases are unknown. This research covers the study of risk factors in the case of COVID-19 and proposes the use of an ecologic method known to epidemiologists in the case of aggregated data. The present study aims to compute a model that allows to easily calculate the risk of infection in different types of populations, using aggregated data to approximate the individual risk of COVID-19 transmission by a person. Methods: The case of Catalonia, in Spain, is presented as an example, as it is one of the areas where the incidence of the virus among the population is being higher. The proposed method is known as an ecological study and is based on the statistical regression model between the incidence (or variable that represents it) and the risk factors but using aggregated data and obtaining a risk ratio (RR). Results: The results obtained have made it possible to find the risk of contracting COVID-19 concerning risk factors for high family income (RR=1.157491), more mobility (RR=1.065475), and high density of population (1.00002). Conclusions: This method could be used to design an app that predicts how the risk will evolve and calculate the risk of contagion in one area or another to take the proper action. The calculated RR can help us to understand how the variables become risks or protective factors at an ecological level (understanding aggregate data).

2024, Dengue Bulletin

Drawing on experiences in Fiji, this paper illustrates the importance of using social science research both in the planning and during the implementation of dengue prevention and control activities.

2024

Drawing on experiences in Fiji, this paper illustrates the importance of using social science research both in the planning and during the implementation of dengue prevention and control activities.

2024

The goal of this study is to develop a global analysis, based on data from 2015 to 2022, that clarifies the impact of containment policies (e.g., lockdown and quarantine) for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the air pollution between countries of different continents. In this context, average changes of CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations based on measurements at ground level in January, February, and March for 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 are compared with average values of 2015-2018 period between 300 cities of 19 countries in 5 continents. Results show that the maximum reduction in pollutant concentrations during this period is given by: CO (-4,367.5%) in France, NO2 (-150.5%) in China and Australia, SO2 (-154.1%) in Israel, O3 (-94.1%) in China, PM2.5 (-41.4%) in Germany and PM10 (-157.4%) in Turkey. Findings reveal that the effects of containment policies on air quality vary significantly between countries depending on different geographical characteristics of ...

2024, Epidemiology and Infection

2024, Correo Científico Médico

2024, Oecologia Australis

A Serra do Ouro Branco, está localizada na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, região de transição entre o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi inventariar os pequenos mamíferos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Ouro Branco (PESOB) e do Monumento Natural Estadual de Itatiaia, unidades de conservação da Serra do Ouro Branco, e comparar com a diversidade encontrada em outras áreas da Cadeia do Espinhaço. A amostragem durou 24 meses (2009-2010) utilizando pitfall traps. Foram registradas 19 espécies de pequenos mamíferos, 13 de roedores e seis de marsupiais, com um esforço de 6664 armadilhas/noite. A área de estudo apresentou baixa similaridade com outras áreas do Espinhaço. Foram registradas espécies raras e inéditas para esta cadeia de montanhas. Foi detectada elevada dissimilaridade em toda a Cadeia, revelada pelo grande número de ocorrências únicas (40%) e baixo número de espécies que ocorreram em pelo menos metade das áreas inventariadas (17%). Assim, a alta riqueza e diversidade registradas aliadas a particularidade na composição de espécies de cada área e a escassez de dados para a região norte e principalmente central da cadeia do Espinhaço reforçam a importância de mais estudos e inventários de pequenos mamíferos em toda a sua extensão. Palavras-chave: inventário; marsupiais; Quadrilátero Ferrífero; roedores; Serra do Ouro Branco ABSTRACT-SMALL MAMMALS (RODENTIA AND DIDELPHIMORPHIA) FROM SERRA DO OURO BRANCO: SOUTHERN PORTION OF ESPINHAÇO MOUNTAIN RANGE, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.

2024, Revista Española de Salud Pública

2024, Acta de las Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española

Los principales objetivos de este trabajo son la caracterización de los extremos térmicos en la península Ibérica y su análisis mediante las relaciones con regímenes de la circulación atmosférica del Atlántico norte. Obtenemos los índices extremos a partir de los datos diarios considerando los casos en que se sobrepasa el nivel asociado al 90 percentil de la distribución de la función de probabilidad. Los resultados indican un aumento en el número de casos de temperaturas máximas extremas para el verano. La tendencia y la variabilidad de los extremos calientes se relaciona con patrones de circulación del Atlántico Norte.