Economical Growth Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Fikri Mülkiyet Haklarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri

Fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunmasının yeniliği ve teknolojik ilerlemeyi teşvik ederek ekonomik büyümeyi arttırmada önemli bir role sahip olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Keza ampirik çalışmaların önemli bir kısmında fikri mülkiyet haklarının iktisadi büyüme üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu gözlenmektedir. Ancak, fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunmasındaki artışların ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz etkilediği ya da herhangi bir etkisinin bulunmadığı biçiminde ampirik çalışmalar da literatürde gözlenmektedir. 2008 finansal krizin ardından iktisadi büyüme hızındaki yavaşlama günümüzde de etkisini devam ettirmektedir. Bu sonuçlar paralelinde BRICS-T ülke grubunda (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye) fikri mülkiyet haklarının ekonomik büyümeye olan etkisinin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Araştırmada, BRICS-T ekonomileri için 2007-2022 seneleri arasında fikri mülkiyet haklarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkileri panel eşbütünleşme analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında, BRICS-T ülke grubunda fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunmasındaki %1’lik artışın ekonomik büyümeyi %0.13 artırdığını işaret etmiştir. Bu bulgular, BRICS-T ülkelerinin ekonomik büyümelerini arttırabilmesi için fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunmasının oldukça önemli bir rolü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

2025

Cities are complicated ecosystems in which buildings are built and humans interact. Street vending, while sometimes spontaneous and unplanned, serves a crucial role in the urban fabric. Globally, there has been a surge of interest in understanding the dynamics of informal street vending, motivated by a desire to relieve economic inequalities. The goal of this research was to examine the factors that influence street vending activities based on economic disposition as a result of inadequate economic stability, a lack of formal jobs, and individual disengagement from the pursuit of western formal education. We take stock of this study to bring together the many kinds of street vending activities as an integral part of what is considered as liveability. The urban environment functions as an ecosystem, digesting materials, energy, and information while also supporting economic activity and human existence. The study begins with economic theories of street vending; while these activities are not controlled in Nigeria, they are woven into the urban fabric of socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's alpha of 0.861 and Cronbach's alpha based on standardised items of 0.856 suggest 100% validity and 90% reliability, respectively. The model fitting data yielded 93.917 at the 0.001** significance level. The results demonstrate that the model was appropriate for the investigation. Individuals engaged in vending activities to meet their daily and family necessities.

2025, International Journal of Reserach Innovation in Social Science

Revamping urban development policy and regulations. Making urban streets more accommodating for walkers and automobiles as they travel through city centers is susceptible to a variety of human activities in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the role of new technologies in altering street vending activities to increase people's wages and reduce unemployment. Modernistic and socialist concepts of street vending for sustainable development were examined in this study. The study also discovered a link between current techniques for improving street vending and the social consciousness of street vendors, who thrive in the face of economic uncertainty. There is a need to strengthen and hybridise the significance and unprecedented street vending activities in most small towns and cities. The study revealed a strong correlation and statistical significance between modernisation and socialisation of street vending activities under a dynamic change of human economic situation. The coefficient determination 0.458*; 0.535** and 0.562 is significant at 0.001**; 0.002** and 0.011. The discovery supports local enterprises and societal transformations in the context of transportation planning. Stakeholders, decision-makers, future researchers, transportation planners, and other regulatory agencies will benefit from this research.

2025, GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

This study developed two long-term regression models to evaluate the effects of globalization on
inclusive growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2022, using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS)
technique. The study specifically analyzed the long-term effects of three indexes of globalization
comprising social, economic and political on poverty headcount and unemployment as measures
of inclusive growth. The long-term regression estimates for the poverty model indicate that only
social globalization has a negative relationship with poverty headcount, while the other two
indices, particularly economic globalization, appear to intensify poverty in Nigeria during the
study period. Furthermore, the results for the unemployment model reveal that political
globalization worsens joblessness in Nigeria due to its positive impact on the unemployment rate
during the study period. Hence, it is recommended amongst others for government to implement
policies that will enhance social globalization of the Nigerian economy in order to drive the
process of inclusive growth

2025

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to God, who has been my constant companion and guide throughout my life journey. Without the grace and mercy of God, I would not have been able to achieve all that I have. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor LEULSEGED LEMMA, (PhD) for his guidance, direction, and support throughout my study. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their unwavering love, encouragement, and support.

2025, angladesh Journal of Administration and Management

Tourism is now regarded as a driving force for economic development in developing nations. Tourism has a direct impact on job creation and infrastructure development. It has also an indirect impact on agriculture, manufacturing, financial services, transport, trade and communications. That is why tourism is often coined as 'limitless growth potential. Although a good number of empirical studies on the contribution of the tourism sector in the overall economic development in Bangladesh have already been conducted in recent years. No research has been undertaken to investigate the causal relationship between the tourism sector and economic growth. This research fills the gap. This research uses a disaggregated approach to investigate the effect of both domestic tourists and international tourists on economic growth. The data sources for this research are secondary in nature. This study examines the causal relationship between the tourism sector and economic growth for the economy of Bangladesh by using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) test, Cointegration approach, Granger Causality test during the period of 1995 to 2019. Here, the cointegration and Granger causality test are applied to explore the direction of the causality. The study results show a long-run cointegration relationship between the tourism sector and economic growth for Bangladesh. It also shows that long-run unidirectional causality exists running from domestic tourists and international tourists to economic growth, and bidirectional causality exists between international and domestic tourists. The research results show that both domestic and international tourism promotes economic growth. These findings suggest that paying attention to domestic tourism could rapidly increase the tourism sector's share of GDP growth along with inbound tourism.

2025, Journal of Economic Sciences

In today's interconnected global economy, product quality emerges as a critical determinant of international trade flows, directly aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) decided to highlight worldwide inequalities (income and poverty). This study investigates the complex connection between export product quality and trade flows, specifically examining two key mediating factors: firm growth and total factor productivity growth. Using a Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model (SUR), data from non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over 21 years (1999-2020) is analyzed. The findings of this study explored that both firm growth and total factor productivity growth serve as significant mediators in the product quality-export flows, operating through both direct and indirect channels. This research contributes to understanding how firmlevel factors influence the quality-trade relationship, providing insights for both policy development and corporate strategy in international trade. The results suggest that enhancing product quality, combined with firm growth and productivity improvements, can strengthen export performance and contribute to achieving sustainable development objectives.

2025, Economic Activity During Electioneering Period in Kenya

Kenya has had various electioneering periods since independence. The first post-independence elections were held on 3rd January 1970, with Kenya as a de facto one-party State under Kenya African National Union (KANU). Thereafter, the country held elections in 1974, 1979, 1983, and 1988. The first multi-party national elections were conducted in 1992 after the repeal of Section 2A of the Constitution, which introduced presidential term limits and a multi-party system. Since then, Kenya has conducted five multi-party elections in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2017. The 2002
Elections ended an era of 24 years of the second president of Kenya. Electioneering periods have in some cases witnessed intensified political tensions and violence. For example, with the introduction of the multi-party system, the 1992 elections were marred with ethnic violence, and in 2007/08 the country witnessed significant political violence. Further, in 2017 there were heightened political tensions with the nullification of the
presidential election, which saw a repeat of the same. When elections have heightened political tensions and violence, economic activity is adversely affected

2025

Bu çalışmada, petro-dolar sistemi ve Türkiye'deki petrol piyasasının oluşum süreci, kamu gelirlerine katkı, mali hukuk unsurları, akaryakıt fiyatlarını etkileyen faktörler, fiyat dalgalanmaları, akaryakıt vergisi sistemi ve piyasa ekonomisi incelenmiştir. 2000 ve 2018 arasında Brent petrolü ile yerel petrol fiyatları ve dolaylı vergiler arasındaki yıllık yüzde değişim incelenmiş ve Brent petrolünün yurt içi fiyatlarda etkili olduğu ve dolaylı vergilerin maliye politikasına göre belirlendiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, Türkiye'nin öngörülebilir piyasaları ve enerji arz güvenliği politikaları değerlendirilmiştir.

2025

Government expenditure and its implications on the Nigerian economy has been examined. The study’s specific objectives were to examine the effect of recurrent expenditure on the growth of Nigeria economy and to examine the link between capital expenditure and the growth of Nigeria economy. In line with these objectives, secondary data were sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin and other relevant publication using the desk survey method. The exploratory and ex-post facto designs were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed using the ordinary least square multiple regression technique. Findings from the analysis revealed that recurrent expenditure had a significant relationship on the growth and development of Nigeria economy; capital expenditure had a significant effect on the growth and development of Nigeria economy and finally, aggregate expenditure had a positive impact on the growth of Nigerian economy. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that gov...

2025, International case studies journal

The study investigated the determinants of healthcare choice in Ibeju lekki town of Lagos. The aim was to examine the factors that influence peoples' decisions about medical treatment and the healthcare provision they seek when they are sick in the study area and to validate the availability of healthcare facilities and their accessibility to the residents of the area. Data were retrieved and collated through self intervieweradministered questionnaires involving 100 consenting participants selected through a random sampling technique. The study employed the multiple regression equation. The study revealed that gender, education, marital status, and religion are major factors that influence the choice of healthcare. The study additionally revealed that most respondents (about 46.7%) used the public health service. In comparison, only 38% preferred private healthcare services, implying a growing trend towards private healthcare facilities as a better choice of medical services among the people of Ibeju lekki. The choice of healthcare service was attributed to the cost and quality service, effective treatment, nearness of the facility, and waiting time. The study recommended that, government and stakeholders play important role in increasing community-based health education, creating awareness, and improving access to information through public discussions and local media.

2025, Case studies International Journal

Coming from the literature is the fact that the increased growth rate will reduce poverty. Evidence from Nigeria has been showing otherwise, given her rate of growth, over the last three decades. To this end, there are two (2) schools of thought in the nexus between growth and poverty. The first school of thought opined that growth from the labor-intensive sector such as manufacturing and agriculture sectors would help in reducing poverty more than growth from the extractive sector. In contrast, the second school believes that high-income inequality hindered growth in reducing poverty. The objective of this paper is to establish the validity or otherwise of the two theories and determine the level of inequality, which will affect the poverty-reducing ability of growth in Nigeria. Given the set aims, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach is employed for the first and the Threshold Regression Approach is used for the second. Results show the relationship of inequality and growth adversely affects poverty in both short and long run but the effect is statistically insignificant, while inequality has a positive and significant effect on poverty in both short-run and long-run. The threshold value of 0.45 results reveals a statistically significant direct relationship between poverty and growth at an inequality value above the threshold value. The results show that the type of growth in Nigeria is from the extractive sector not the labor-intensive sector, hence, its inability to reduce poverty in the long period. This paper recommends promotion of labor-intensive sector as against the extractive sector.

2025

In Latin America, the limited growth of economic activity has been characterized by its strong correlation with low productivity, which
is why the behavior of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in this region is analyzed. The objective of this research is to examine the role of labor (L),
capital (K), and technological change (A) in the evolution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Latin America during the period 1990-2019. A panel
data model is implemented using the “Pooled Mean Group” (PMG) estimator for fourteen economies over a period of 29 years. The results show the existence of cross-sectional dependence and a unit root of order I(1). A long-term relationship between the variables is presented, and it is
found that labor (L), capital (K), and technological change (A) positively impact TFP. It was found that, in the short term, capital (K) has a greater
impact than technological change (A) on TFP; whereas, in the long term, it is technological change (A) that has the most influence. The model
shows an adjustment speed of 18%, which implies an estimated correction time of 5.5 years. In conclusion, the work highlights the importance of
strengthening innovation and technological development in the region to improve productivity and economic growth.

2025

The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand is to discuss Ricardo's version of the labour theory of value; and on the other hand, is to analyse some crucial aspects of Ricardo's theory of taxation as an extension and further elaboration of his theory of value. This discussion is illustrated with the use of a formal model based on a generalisation of Ricardo's numerical examples. The claim that the paper raises is that Ricardo's analysis of taxation is a kind of a comparative statics exercise, where the real wage, the state of technology and the level of output are taken as givens. Furthermore, it is shown that Ricardo's claim that money's role in the presence of taxation of profits is not neutral becomes questionable, when various feedback effects are accounted for.

2025, WAPOR 78th Annual conference

Perceptions of Democracy in Post-Communist Countries: From 1995 to Recent Times The most commonly used indices to evaluate levels of democracy worldwide are Freedom House, Polity, V-Dem, The Economist EIU, and the Global State of... more

2025, Journal of The Philosophy of Knowledge -Epistemology

Before we discuss the practices of knowledge in youth livelihood projects in EDA it would be relevant to define the philosophy of knowledge (epistemology) first. The philosophy of knowledge is Epistemology, and it is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and various related issues. Epistemology concerns itself with ways of knowing and how we know. The word is derived from the Greek words epistéme and logosthe former term meaning "knowledge" and that latter term meaning "study of" (Donald, 1967). Correspondingly Martinich (2021) updated the definition that epistemology is the philosophical study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge; and referred to as the theory of knowledge demonstrated by people within the context and reality. It is also considered as one of the four main branches of philosophy, along with ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Knowledge can be managed by individuals, groups, and organizations. The main goal of knowledge is to contribute to the science or body of knowledge to improve and enhance the effectiveness of the organization to its set objectives. Knowledge could be explicit, implicit, and tacit and that could be transferred from observation, practicing, and experimenting. This paper sheds light on the existing challenge of youth unemployment and the practical experiences of the Emmanuel Development Association (EDA) at the local level to address the challenge of unemployed youth by implementing the youth-focused knowledge-based livelihood program since 2009 in Ethiopia. Ethiopia's youthful population is an incredible asset and untapped resource for positive growth. Of Ethiopia's population, estimated at 104 million, 41 percent is IJSER

2025, International Journal of Business and Management Sciences E

The construction industry is a crucial part of economic development, and its performance dynamics are influenced by macroeconomic variables such as GDP, interest rates, inflation trends, and government policies. The industry's health is closely linked to a healthy economy, and the performance of domestic and foreign economies always affects expansion or contraction in construction projects. Higher interest rates can increase financing costs, reducing construction activities, but historically, rising consumer prices have led to increased material and labour costs and longer project timelines. The government's role is also highlighted, as policy changes can propel or curtail industry development. The study also examines international economic trends, such as global trade and investment patterns, which impact the construction industry and contribute to transnational governance under the framework of globalization. To address these challenges, strong economic policies, optimized regulation, and a deeper understanding of the industry's cyclical nature are essential. This analysis provides a broad perspective on the economic foundations of the construction industry, allowing decision-makers in business and policy to make more strategic choices.

2025, Revista Cimexus

Este trabajo analiza el desempeño del vigente patrón exportador de especia- lización productiva en América Latina tras la crisis económica mundial de 2008. En él se sostiene que en la década de 2010 y principios de la siguiente, la región padeció el agotamiento de dicho patrón como producto de las medidas y respuestas por parte del capital global para enfrentar la caída de las tasas de beneficio que arrojó la Gran Recesión y estimular la cuota de plusvalía en el marco de la vigente división internacional del trabajo. Así, América Latina pa- deció la desaceleración de su comercio externo; bajo dinamismo económico; estancamiento de la producción; reducción de los recursos y gastos públicos; descenso en la redistribución del ingreso; crecimiento de la informalidad la- boral; aumento del desempleo y altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad, lo que dio como resultado un mayor deterioro en las condiciones de vida y la agudi- zación de la superexplotación del trabajo.

2025, Journal of Turkish Studies

2025, Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government

An analysis of the Urban Development Fund's influence on sustainable urban development and the Slovenian economy reveals crucial findings. With a 100-million-euro investment in sustainable urban projects, the fund can yield substantial economic impacts. Construction projects are predicted to boost demand in the contractor sector, positively affecting key economic indicators like value-added, employment, and government revenue. Similarly, directing 100 million euros toward small and medium-sized enterprises is expected to generate favourable economic outcomes, including increased employment, value-added, R&D investment, and government revenue. This recurring effect promises substantial long-term financial gains. The study also evaluates the fiscal aspects, recognising that revenue increases outweigh the costs of fund operations. Efficient allocation to small and medium-sized enterprises enhances these benefits. In summary, the Urban Development Fund's investments hold the potential to significantly benefit sustainable urban development and the broader Slovenian economy, fostering economic growth and bolstering government revenue over time.

2025

The underlying rationale in shifting the analytical focus of the competitive development policy rests on the political-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of a habitat that indeterminably amplify or scale down the benefits of economic activities. The permanence of spatial developmental disparities suggests that the strategic directions of any initiative targeting regional competitiveness should follow the lines of (1) maximizing its competitive impact and (2) matching the territorial specificity. According to this perspective, the paper discusses an original theoretical construct and points to graphical representations of operational forms that may configure a policy of territorial development along four co-existent levels: (1) urban fields, (2) clusters, (3) development areas, and (4) disadvantaged areas. The main implication for public policy initiatives resides in smoothing the progress towards building up such a potential for growth.

2025, Asian Journal of Business and Accounting

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: International investments made in non-integrated economies provide benefits of portfolio diversification, but investment made in integrated economies may lead to oscillations due to volatility spillover. Therefore, the knowledge of market linkage of an economy is imperative for investors, as well as regulators. In this context, the present paper investigates the financial integration of the Indian stock market with China, Hong Kong, Japan, UK and USA. Design/Methodology/Approach: To examine the financial integration in the long run, closing daily indices of leading stock markets of respective countries have been analysed through the Johansen cointegration method over a period of 20 years from 2002 to 2022. The vector error correction model has been applied to examine whether market equilibrium can be restored after an infusion of shock. The short run linkage has been investigated through a causality test. Further the possibility of volatility spillover has been examined through variance decomposition and impulse response function. Research findings: The results show cointegration among the selected markets, which indicates the possibility of convergence towards market equilibrium in the long run. The stock markets of India and USA were observed to have a bidirectional causal relationship indicating lesser chances of benefits from international portfolio diversification. The results

2025, e-article

Capitalism’s inherent feature is “destructive creation”, said Marx. Decades later, in a similar fashion, Schumpeter stated that “Capitalist system incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure FROM WITHIN”.
What are those dynamic forces causing the incessant changes in an economy ?
According to P. Drucker, A. Toffler, Baumol-McLennan and many others it is the productivity increases (growth) in general. P. Romer provides a more specific reply: technological change or the growth of new ideas. In this paper, H. Gürak goes deeper to the core and claims that all technological changes are produced by the intellectual labor of human mind. In other words, knowledge on production, i.e., technology or productive knowledge, provides the premises and gives occasion to a dynamic and uninterrupted growth process, but technology itself is the product of mental labor. In support of this assertion, a simple model of growth based on productive knowledge (creativity of mind) is introduced in the final section.

2025, YK - Economic Review

Nowadays, it seems to be a common knowledge that technology (productive knowledge) or to be more specific, technological change (increases in productive knowledge) is the determinant of long-run economic growth. In the absence of technological change, there would be a limit to economic growth. Investments that do not introduce technological changes (new products) can generate growth only to a limited extent, until the markets are saturated. As a result, the Neoclassical equilibrium would be the ultimate and inevitable outcome.

2025, YK - Economic Review

The relations between the riches of nations and the riches of Productive Knowledge (Technology) gains increasing acknowledgment among economists. Classical economists had assumed that the key to progress was the accumulation of homogenous capital goods. But economies cannot grow incessantly by accumulating more of the same capital goods. So, the Classical growth theory falls short of expectations.
Capitalism’s inherent feature is “destructive creation”, said Marx. Decades later, in a similar fashion, Schumpeter stated that “Capitalist system incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure FROM WITHIN”.

2025

This paper aims to determine the effect of net exports (Balance of Trade-BOT) towards economic growth in reference to the volatility of Exchange Rate (ER) and to examine whether net export income and net imports expenditure propels or hinders economic growth. It focuses on the impact of the ER movements and BOT on the country's GDP. Economies that board on export-led economic growth attempt to maintain a competitive exchange rate policy as an important macroeconomic management measure. The secondary data was collected from the central bank of Sri Lanka, for the first quarter of the year 2008 to the end quarter of the year 2019. GDP treated as regress and, BOT and ER as regrassors. According to the descriptive analysis, lowest BOT was-654.20 in the third quarter of year 2009 while the maximum-2982.3 trade balance occurred in 2018 first quarter. ER dramatically increases year on year, and it has reached its highest 180.94 in last quarter of 2019. In order to overcome the violation of multiple regression assumptions, log transformation of each variables is been taken into account. Results emphasized that from one percent increase in BOT is associated with a 0.231 percent increase in GDP while in all other the multicollinearity between the BOT and ER has minimized, and the VIF value was almost one. Overall, the findings of the study confirm that increase of BOT that decreases the deficit of BOT motivates average economic growth, and the ER and GDP demonstrate a pragmatic relationship. Sri Lanka's export trading actions could be prolonged by maintaining a stable competitive Real ER and higher concentration on Productivity in the exports, encourage two-way trade in each industry, liberalize trade gradually to avoid inter-industry disruptions and establishment of firm-specific modernization programs.

2025, Education and Management of Entrepreneurship

Article type: Research Article Ports, as trade distribution centers and transportation networks, play a significant role in the development of the national economy. Bandar Anzali, with its strategic position in northern Iran, is considered a crucial point for accessing the Eurasian markets. This study aims to formulate entrepreneurial strategies for developing port clusters to promote Bandar Anzali to a third-generation port and integrate it into the global grain value chain. Data were collected through a combination of documentary and field research. Purposeful sampling was used to select 18 industrial, organizational, and academic experts with experience in port clusters and the export of processed grain industries. The qualitative data analysis, using the layered causal analysis method, revealed that the factors influencing entry into the global value chain were categorized into four layers: 10 factors in the tangible layer, 8 factors in the structural and systemic layer, 5 factors in the beliefs and discourse layer, and 4 factors in the symbolic and metaphorical layer. Based on these findings, strategies for transitioning from the current state were proposed, categorized into five key areas: financial-tax, educational-promotional, diplomatic-cultural, infrastructural-technological, and legal-regulatory. The breadth of these strategies indicates that merely providing financial support to businesses is insufficient, and attention must be paid to a broader range of aspects. The proposed approach can assist managers in designing a realistic export vision, especially in the agricultural sector, and prevent the formation of economic rents.

2025

Cet article analyse l'importance du rôle de l'agriculture dans le développement du Sénégal au cours des dernières années. Plus particulièrement, il étudie l'impact des différents programmes qui ont été mis en oeuvre pour la relance du secteur agricole. En utilisant un Model dynamique Auto régressif à retards échelonnés (ARDL), nous observons que la production agricole a un impact positif et significatif sur la croissance économique du Sénégal aussi bien à court qu'à long terme. Cependant, la performance de l'agriculture comme levier de croissance reste relativement faible. Ce résultat met en évidence la nécessité d'adapter les programmes agricoles pour le développement pour une croissance socio-économique soutenable.

2025, Blends of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) improve the growth performance and economics of production of broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to assess the proximate and phytochemical analyses of blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf compared to lemon grass and bitter leaf alone on growth performance and economics of production of production of broiler chickens. 200 g each of lemon grass and bitter leaf and 200g each of lemon grass and bitter leaf to make the blend (100g each) in a 50 litre gallon. The aqueous extracts of these phytogenic plants were fed to broiler chickens for eight (8) weeks. Three hundred-day-old chicks (300) were randomly allotted to four treatments, replicated five (5) times (fifteen birds per replicate) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Birds on treatment one (1) were fed antibiotics as control. Results showed that proximate compositions were all affected (P<0.05) by blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf while all the phytochemicals were statistically similar (P>0.05). The performance parameters affected were daily weight gain (55.35-68.58g), feed conversion ratio (1.59-1.97), total feed cost (N1605.39-N 1819.71) and total feed cost/gain N/kg (N 523.70-N 628.76) (p<0.05). It was concluded that blends of lemon grass and bitter leaf improved growth parameters of broiler chickens compared to antibiotics, lemon grass and bitter leaf, it was recommended to poultry farmers to use the blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf as a source of phyto-additives for improve performance than antibiotics, bitter leaf and lemon grass alone.

2025

In this paper, we presents an armington based partial equilibrium mode techniques for exploration of rice cultivation and opportunities in Sierra Leone: The rising import bill of rice and the dependence of Sierra Leone on imported rice coupled with the growing sophistication of the rice consumer for quality rice and the agronomic advantages in rice cultivation initiated this research into Sierra Leone’s rice sub-sector. The research question for this study is what opportunities do the current state of Sierra Leone’s rice sub-sector offer compared with the rice imports? Therefore, the first objective is to analyze the development of Sierra Leone’s rice sub-sector through a trend analysis of production levels, acreage under cultivation, and yield per hectare and rice import penetration ratio from 2000 to 2018. The results show that although rice cultivation in Sierra Leone is increasing at a rate of about 5.8 percent annually between the years 2000 and 2018, Sierra Leone still depends...

2025, TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE BÜYÜMENİN KAYNAKLARI: 2002-2012

This study analyses the sources of changes in sectoral output in the Türkiye economy between 2002 and 2012 using structural decomposition analysis. In order to compare the 2002 and 2012 input-output tables, which are the data sources of the study, have been aggregated and reduced to constant prices. Both tables are aggregated at the level of 8 main sectoors, including 22 sub-sectors, and the current 2012 input-output table is reduced to 2002 constant prices using the double deflator method. It is quantitatively determined that domestic final demand contributes significantly to the increase in production in the Türkiye economy. The increase in exports has a significant share in production. Also, negative import substitution has been realised in the Türkiye economy during this period.

2025, TIM7

SILVIU CERNA Președintele Donald Trump a impus taxe vamale împotriva celor mai mari trei parteneri comerciali ai SUA, atrăgând imediat represalii din partea Mexicului, Canadei și Chinei și provocând haos piețele financiare. Î

2025, Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities

The aim of this research paper is to measure the impact of food, water, education and poverty on health. This study is based on primary data and secondary data. A sample of 200 students including male and female is collected though random sampling technique. The respondents included in the survey belonged to both urban and rural areas. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze various aspects of growing health problems. We used statistical tools, such as simple regression, multiple regression and ANOVA. The dependent variable was "Growing Health Problems" and independent variables were "Low Education & Awareness", "Unhealthy Food & Water", "Poverty" and "Low Income". Our study found that there are significant relations between "Unhealthy Food & Water", "Poverty & Low Income" with growing health problems.

2025, International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management

Quantitative Easing (QE) has been widely castoff by RBI, particularly in advanced economies, as a tool for stimulating economic growth during periods of economic downturn or financial crises. However, India’s experience with QE-like... more

2025, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics

Broadly speaking, the balance-of-payments-constraint hypothesis as developed by Thirlwall (1979) has been empirically supported. Yet, it fails to interpret correctly the necessary conditions for convergence. Although the neoclassical explanation of economic growth is not necessarily the correct one, it is a fact that some countries have indeed converged to others. When Thirlwall's model accounts for the possibility of convergence, it shows two main puzzling implications since it depends on income elasticities. First, a higher income elasticity to exports/imports ratio in backward countries not only implies convergence but divergence in the long run. Second, the non-price competitiveness is higher in the backward countries since they have a higher ratio. This study aims at developing a model that is able to reconcile the balance-of-paymentsconstraint hypothesis with convergence. Subsequently, it is applied to countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında yer alan Türkiye'de enerji, sürdürülebilir büyüme ve kalkınma açısından önemli görülmektedir. Enerjide dışa bağımlılığı olan Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu enerjiyi verimli kullanması gerekmektedir. Türkiye'de 1991 yılına göre 2019 yılında; toplam elektrik kullanımı %402, elektrik enerjisi üretiminde kullanılan fosil yakıt payı %356, yenilenebilir enerji payı %468, biyoyakıt ve atık payı ise %8540 artış göstermiştir. Diğer taraftan Türkiye 2019 yılında gerçekleştirdiği 202.7 milyar dolarlık ithalatın yaklaşık %74'ünü enerji ithalatı olarak gerçekleştirmiştir. Enerjinin büyük bölümünün ithal edildiği Türkiye'de, hem cari açığın düşürülmesi hem de temiz bir çevre ile sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye'de elektrik enerjisi üretiminde kullanılan enerji kaynaklarının elektrik enerjisi yoğunluğu üzerindeki dinamik ilişkisinin tespiti önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de elektrik enerjisi yoğunluğunu belirleyen faktörler 1990-2019 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ampirik yöntem olarak Vektör Otoregresyon (VAR) analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Kömür, petrol, doğalgaz, hidro, biyoyakıt ve atık değişkenlerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ampirik bulgular, elektrik enerjisi yoğunluğunun en fazla hidro, biyoyakıt ve atıktan etkilendiğini ortaya koymuştur.

2025

Bu çalışmada, güncel verilerden yararlanılarak Türkiye geneli ile karşılaştırmalar yapılarak Kahramanmaraş ili özelinde seçilmiş sosyo-ekonomik gelişme göstergeleri ele alınmaktadır. Söz konusu veriler, vergi göstergeleri ile incelenerek Kahramanmaraş'ın hem ekonomik hem de sosyokültürel konumu değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan betimsel analiz sonucunda, Kahramanmaraş ilinin hem ekonomik hem de sosyal göstergeler bakımından potansiyelinin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun çözüme kavuşturulması ve Kahramanmaraş'ın sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik seviyesinin artırılması için vergisel sistem uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi, sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeyi artıracak politikaların uygulanması, vergi bilincinin artırılmasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

2025

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

2025, Past Present and Future of Public Space 2024. International Conference on Art, Architecture and Urban Design.

This paper is about the "Intermittent City" project, which explores the transformative potential of temporary and shared uses in Lisbon's public spaces. It presents the project's three-phases approach: recognition and mapping of Intermittent Practices (IPs), analysis and discussion, and development of tools for urban transformation. The research highlights the importance of collaborative and multidisciplinary methods and stakeholder engagement, involving citizens, universities and municipalities to ensure effective urban interventions. The project outputs offer valuable insights and replicable models for adapting the city to the intermittent rhythm that citizens' lives are assuming. Key features are interdisciplinarity and collaborative design which are practices that can lead to unexpected and creative projectual solutions, capable of generating dynamic, inclusive, and sustainable urban environments. The project includes a series of practical actions in the fields addressed by the research, which reimagine urban policies through temporary transformations of urban spaces. Central to this paper is the conception of Community Labs, consisting in the temporary occupation of a public space with a mobile station for self-production, through participatory design methods. Drawing from the ideas of conviviality and degrowth, the project aims to foster noncommercial relationships and enhance social and environmental sustainability in urban spaces. The integration of digital tools supports community engagement and the long-term relevance of these interventions. This last initiative addresses urgent urban challenges while contributing to broader goals of social equity and environmental stewardship. The aim is to open a path for navigating the complexities of urban transformation in the 21st century, fostering social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and community resilience. Through these efforts, the project sets a precedent for how urban spaces can adapt to the evolving needs of society.

2025, Project management

Project management insights are well conversed in this masterpiece.

2025

Bu calisma, Turkiye’de 2001-2008 yillarinda agirlikli olarak dogrudan gelir destegi (DGD) ve prim odemeleri ile yapilan tarimsal desteklerin kirsal kesim hanehalki gelirleri uzerindeki etkilerini incelemekle birlikte DGD, prim odemeleri ve fark odemeleriyle ilgili hipotetik senaryolari mukayese etmektedir. Calismada kullanilan temel yontem, Turkiye icin Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisi cercevesinde yapilan ayristirmalar ile elde edilen veriler ve Leontief girdi-cikti modelinin cozum yontemlerinin kullanilmasiyla gerceklestirilen gelir carpan analizidir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore DGD odemelerinin sona erdirilmesi kirsal kesim hanehalki yani sira kentsel hanehalkinin gelirini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Prim ve fark odemesi politikalari karsilastirildiginda ise prim odemelerinin gorece kirsal kesim gelirlerini daha olumlu etkiledigi tespit edilmistir

2025

Qual a relação entre a escolaridade e a desigualdade na distribuição de rendimentos em países emergentes? O presente estudo analisa a relação entre a escolaridade e a desigualdade, bem como a sua importância face a outros fatores determinantes da desigualdade, em 24 economias emergentes no período entre 1980 e 2010. A partir dos resultados obtidos da estimação com dados em painel utilizando o método de efeitos fixos constatou-se que o aumento da escolaridade total, e em particular da escolaridade primária, não promove a redução da desigualdade, depois de atingir os 5,69 anos médios de escolaridade e 4,06 anos médios de escolaridade primária. De facto, apurou-se que após um impacto negativo e o atingir de um nível mínimo de desigualdade, o aumento deste nível de escolaridade e da escolaridade total contribui para o aumento da desigualdade (relação em U). Paralelamente, os níveis de escolaridade secundário e terciário, como seria de esperar, têm um impacto positivo na desigualdade. No que que diz respeito à importância relativa de outros fatores na explicação da desigualdade, os resultados relativos à globalização, ao consumo público e ao valor acrescentado da indústria nem sempre se apresentam estatisticamente significativos, e os resultados para a variável da democracia em nenhuma das estimações apresenta significância estatística. Já o PIB real per capita revela uma relação não linear em forma de U invertido, estatisticamente significativa, com a desigualdade, apoiando assim a hipótese de Kuznets. Os resultados obtidos nem sempre correspondem aos efeitos esperados e as possíveis explicações económicas podem, por exemplo, estar relacionados com o peso relativo dos diferentes níveis de escolaridade, pois se os países continuarem a expandir apenas o nível primário, como os seus salários serão em princípio inferiores aos níveis secundário e terciário e à medida que a oferta de trabalhadores com este nível de escolaridade cresce, o rendimento médio que os indivíduos com escolaridade primária poderão alcançar irá diminuir. Logo quem tiver um nível de escolaridade superior irá auferir um rendimento maior, aumentando a desigualdade de distribuição de rendimentos.

2025, Shodhshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal

Rural women play a crucial role in economic development through home-based enterprises, yet they face numerous socioeconomic challenges that hinder their growth and sustainability. This conceptual paper explores the theoretical foundations of women's empowerment, informal economies, and cultural sustainability in the context of Bareilly Mandal, Uttar Pradesh. Drawing upon existing literature and theoretical frameworks, this study examines the impact of microfinance, skill development, and market access on rural women's economic participation. Additionally, it investigates how preserving cultural heritage through traditional home-based industries contributes to sustainable livelihoods. By integrating the Women Empowerment Theory, Social Capital Theory, and Sustainable Livelihood Framework, this paper develops a conceptual model that links entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and socio-cultural factors. The study also proposes hypotheses to guide future empirical research on rural women's economic development. The findings provide insights for policymakers, development agencies, and researchers to design effective interventions that foster inclusive growth and cultural preservation.

2025, systemschangealliance.com

Degrowth has become a popular term in alternative economic circles. What is it, what are its limitations and strengths?

2025, Fiscaoeconomia,

Bu çalışmada, Hindistan, Endonezya, Brezilya, Meksika, Kenya, Türkiye, Mısır gibi gelişmekte olan
ülkelerden seçilen örnekler üzerinden, 1991-2022 dönemine ait veriler kullanılarak Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hâsıla
(GSYİH) ile hizmet ithalatı ve ihracatı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın motivasyonu, gelişmekte
olan ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme dinamiklerini anlamak ve hizmet sektörünün bu büyümedeki rolünü
belirlemektir. Çalışmanın amacı, hizmet ithalatı ve ihracatının GSYİH üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve bu
konuda literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen analizde, yatay kesit
bağımlılığı testleri, eğim homojenliği testleri ve birim kök testleri yapılmıştır. Bu testlerin sonuçlarına dayanarak
eşbütünleşme testleri ve CCEMG (Common Correlated Effects Mean Group) tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Modelde
yer alan değişkenlerin ülkeler arasında farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, hizmet
ihracatının seçili ülkeler açısından GSYİH ile anlamlı bir ilişkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir. Ancak, hizmet
ithalatının GSYİH üzerindeki etkisi ülkeler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Mısır ve Kenya hariç, diğer tüm
ülkelerde hizmet ithalatının GSYİH ile pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar,
genel olarak gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından mevcut literatürle uyumlu olup, hizmet ithalatının ekonomik
büyümeyi desteklediği, ancak hizmet ihracatının beklenen düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olmadığına işaret
etmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomik politikalarının şekillendirilmesinde ve
literatüre katkı sunması amaçlanmaktadır.

2025, Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science | Published by Riset Press International

As national borders diminish in significance due to globalization, interdependence between countries has intensified. Covid-19 emerged as an acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread to all countries of the world in a short time. In this study, information is given about the concepts, developments, general impact, and impact on economic growth in the international market about Coronavirus. During the pandemic process, the issue of economic growth was researched, its increase and decrease were examined and analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth in the world labor markets and to reveal the general situation in the world by analyzing the available data in the literature.

2025, Journal of Research and Development/ Longdom Group SA

The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted international unemployment rates. By delving into the underlying concepts, developments, and overall effects associated with this topic, the research investigates the fluctuations in unemployment rates prior to, during, and after the pandemic. Through the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, the study sheds light on the broader global context. Employing the "Document Analysis Method," which involves scrutinizing relevant documents containing information pertinent to the research subject, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the current state of global labor markets.