Electric Drive Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Proposed ship-based long-range electromagnetic guns require input energies greater then 100 MJ, at peak powers in excess of 50 GW, and at average power in the tens of megawatts. This paper describes a conceptual pulsed-power system for driving these types of guns. A generic design was developed based on state-of-the-art power-supply, capacitor, and switching technologies. Results of modeling and parametric studies are presented, and key issues that impact system size and configuration are explored. An assessment is made of the feasibility of integrating this type of system into an electric-drive ship.

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- Engineering, Naval Engineering, Computer Science, Power System

This paper describes the RT-LAB real-time simulator implementation of the Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system with several 10 kHz converters. The paper demonstrates the necessity to use special IGBT bridge models that implements interpolation techniques within fixed time step simulation scheme. The paper reports on the latest advances from Opal-RT to simulate this kind of system with a 10 µs sample time. HIL computational time measurement are provided as well as a model fidelity comparison made by Toyota Motor Corp. of the RT-LAB Electrical Drive Simulator versus an actual fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. In this paper, we describe an the methodology and simulation techniques used to make the real-time simulation of a fuel-cell hybrid vehicle with DC-DC converter and several PMSM inverter drives running with 10 kHz carrier frequency. The paper is organized in the following manner. First, typical problems regarding the real-time simulation ...

- by Jean Belanger
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- Fuel Cell, Hybrid Vehicle, Numerical Simulation, Dc-Dc Boost Converter

This paper describes a life cycle model for performing level-playing ®eld comparisons of the emissions, costs, and energy eciency trade-os of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV) through the fuel production chain and over a vehicle lifetime. The model is an improvement over previous models because it includes the full life cycle of the fuels and vehicles, free of the distorting eects of taxes or dierential incentives. This spreadsheet model permits rapid analyses of scenarios in plots of trade-o curves or eciency frontiers, for a wide range of alternatives with current and future prices and levels of technology. The model is available on request.

The use of batteries to provide storage for photovoltaic (PV) power has been evaluated in various contexts. In grid-connected applications, batteries can serve to provide firm peak-shaving for distributed PV installations. To date, however, the use of batteries from parked electric-drive vehicles (EDV) to provide buffer storage for PV capacity value has not been analyzed. The emerging vehicle to grid (V2G) concept suggests that battery-powered EDVs can provide power to the grid to serve various markets. This paper evaluates the use of battery-powered EDVs to provide buffer storage for grid-connected PV installations, assuming a V2G infrastructure. The approach could serve to provide capacity value for PV installations, thus enhancing their value as distributed, demand-side resources.

- by Richard Pérez
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- Electric Drive
- by F. Crescimbini
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- Engineering, Design Criteria, Electric Drive

This paper starts with the basics of electric vehicle technology and introduces design principles of series hybrid electric vehicle. A series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain design study has been presented and a previously developed MATLAB/Simulink model has been used to simulate the designed vehicle in two drive cycles using a soft hybrid energy management strategy. Also performance simulations have been conducted for all electric drive mode and results have been compared with the measurements taken from an experimental vehicle.

- by Nejat Tuncay
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- Power Management, Energy Management, Electric Vehicle, Electric Drive

The application of multilevel converters for traction drive systems is being investigated. The main advantage of this kind of topology is that it can generate almost perfect current or voltage waveforms, because it is modulated by amplitude instead of pulse-width. That means that the pulsating torque generated by harmonics can be eliminated, and power losses into the machine due to harmonic currents can also be eliminated. Another advantage of this kind of drive is that the switching frequency and power rating of the semiconductors is reduced considerably. The amplitude modulation is based on a cascade of N converters scaled in a “trinary” form (three-state “H” converters). In the chain of N converters of each phase (N-Stage Converter), there is a “Master converter” that manages more than 80% of the total power, and N-1 “Slave converters” that take the rest of the power (less than 20%). One important drawback of this kind of arrangement is that it needs isolated power sources for ea...

- by Juan Dixon
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- Power Electronics, Control system, High Frequency, Low Power

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) optimal control parameters, which maximize torque per ampere, are calculated using a dynamic SRM model. In order to include the effect of the magnetic nonlinearity, static torque and flux-linkage data are used in the dynamic model. The static data are generated experimentally. To recreate these control parameters, online, artificial neural networks are used. Two separate networks are trained. One is trained with the low-speed control parameters for torque control at low speed, while the other is trained with the high-speed control parameters for torque control at high speed. The speed at which the SRM makes a transition from chopping control to single-pulse operation (i.e., low-speed to high-speed operation), commonly referred to as base speed, is torque (current) dependent. A small table is maintained in the controller to identify the base speed for different torque demands. When the motor exceeds the base speed for a certain torque demand, the controller switches from the low-speed neural network to the high-speed neural network and vice versa. It is also shown that the SRM is capable of producing an extended constant-horsepower operation with this optimal control. The power factor (the energy ratio) is shown to improve in this extended speed constant-horsepower range. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

- by Mehrdad Ehsani
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- Engineering, Optimal Control, Neural Network, Industry

A novel technique for space-vector modulation (SVM) inverters in the overmodulation range is presented. A unique algorithm manages the transition from the onset of overmodulation to six-step operation. The technique is suitable for a very simple digital implementation. Experimental results, obtained by a digital signal processor (DSP) board, are also included in this paper.

- by Silverio Bolognani
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- Engineering, Digital Control, Modulation, Digital Signal Processor

Variable speed drives are growing and varying. Drives expanse depend on progress in different part of science like power system, microelectronic, control methods, and so on. Artificial intelligent contains hard computation and soft computation. Artificial intelligent has found high application in most nonlinear systems same as motors drive. Because artificial intelligent techniques can use as controller for any system without requirement to system mathematical model, it has been used in electrical drive control. With this manner, efficiency and reliability of drives increase and volume, weight and cost of them decrease. Due to the improved operating characteristics they give to the equipment control, electronic motor soft starters are increasingly widely applied. Escalators, pumps, elevators and conveyor belts all operate more effectively if they are soft started. However, it is not simply the ergonomics of an airport, process plant or shopping mall that are improved by soft starters. A major factor in the growth in popularity of soft starters is the reduced wear and tear that they place on motors and their associated drive systems. In turn, this reduces maintenance, conserves energy and plays a significant part in improving plant performance and operating costs.

- by Shahram Javadi
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- Fuzzy Logic, Power System, Soft Computing, Power Plant

Motor-current-signature analysis has been successfully used in induction machines for fault diagnosis. The method, however, does not always achieve good results when the speed or the load torque is not constant, because this causes variations on the motor-slip and fast Fourier transform problems appear due to a nonstationary signal. This paper proposes a new method for motor fault detection, which analyzes the spectrogram based on a short-time Fourier transform and a further combination of wavelet and power-spectral-density (PSD) techniques, which consume a smaller amount of processing power. The proposed algorithms have been applied to detect broken rotor bars as well as shorted turns. Besides, a merit factor based on PSD is introduced as a novel approach for condition monitoring, and a further implementation of the algorithm is proposed. Theoretical development and experimental results are provided to support the research.

- by Luis Romeral
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- Engineering, Fault Detection, Condition Monitoring, Fault diagnosis

In the paper a robust control system with the fuzzy adaptive controller and the additional compensator is presented. A model reference adaptive control system (MRAC) is applied to a drive system with changeable parameters. The speed controller is based on the neurofuzzy network. The additional compensator relaying on the sliding-mode theory is used to improve the dynamical characteristics of the drive system. The proposed control structure is investigated in simulation and experimental tests.

- by T. Orlowska-Kowalska
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- Fuzzy Logic Control, Adaptive Control, Motion control, Robust control

A judicious study with regard to a more efficient energy management on board of an electric vehicle (EV) is discussed in this paper. This analysis follows the present trend in the field, knowing that the major drawback of the EV is the autonomy problem. Thus, by using a hybrid energy source (formed by ultracapacitors and battery) and with a proper current control (of polynomial type) one can get the proper energy management which will increase the lifetime of the battery. Through numerical simulations and tests at a reduced scale, the authors present a successfully energy management with regard to the DC/DC -battery and DC/AC -electrical machine subsystems operation, used on board of an EV.

- by Daniel Fodorean
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- Energy Management, Numerical Simulation, Motion, Electric Vehicle

Water supply represents a vital problem for people, and this imposes the need to know the information regarding consumptions, resources and production. This implies a continuous supervision of the water supply process in order to allow... more

- by Sorin Enache
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- Electrical Engineering, Control Systems Engineering, Control, Control Systems

Motor vehicles are a core technology of our modern life and economy. But motor vehicles, motor fuels, and the road system unfortunately pollute our air, soil and water, depend on limited oil supplies and are implicated in warming the... more

- by Mark Anthony Delucchi
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- Air Quality, Hybrid Vehicle, Fuel economy, Alternative Fuel

Over the last few decades, the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been pushing the development of electric drives with increasingly high power ratings, up to several tens of megawatts. A consolidated technology in this field entails dual-star two-pole synchronous motors fed by load-commutated inverters with supply frequencies between 50 and 80 Hz. This paper presents a novel drive concept for very high-power and high-performance LNG applications based on a 45-MW fourpole 100-Hz quadruple-star synchronous motor supplied by four pulsewidth modulation multilevel voltage source inverters. The genesis, development, and industrial implementation of this new design concept are outlined. Full-load drive system testing and commissioning results are presented which successfully validate the proposed solution.

- by Alberto Tessarolo
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- Engineering, Production, Power System, Refrigeration

Electric motor and power electronics-based inverter are the major components in industrial and automotive electric drives. In this paper, we present a model-based fault diagnostics system developed using a machine learning technology for detecting and locating multiple classes of faults in an electric drive. Power electronics inverter can be considered to be the weakest link in such a system from hardware failure point of view; hence, this work is focused on detecting faults and finding which switches in the inverter cause the faults. A simulation model has been developed based on the theoretical foundations of electric drives to simulate the normal condition, all single-switch and post-short-circuit faults. A machine learning algorithm has been developed to automatically select a set of representative operating points in the (torque, speed) domain, which in turn is sent to the simulated electric drive model to generate signals for the training of a diagnostic neural network, fault diagnostic neural network (FDNN). We validated the capability of the FDNN on data generated by an experimental bench setup. Our research demonstrates that with a robust machine learning approach, a diagnostic system can be trained based on a simulated electric drive model, which can lead to a correct classification of faults over a wide operating domain.

- by Masrur Masrur
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- Mechanical Engineering, Machine Learning, Power Electronics, Neural Network

The implementation of a monitoring and control system for the induction motor based on programmable logic controller (PLC) technology is described. Also, the implementation of the hardware and software for speed control and protection with the results obtained from tests on induction motor performance is provided. The PLC correlates the operational parameters to the speed requested by the user and monitors the system during normal operation and under trip conditions. Tests of the induction motor system driven by inverter and controlled by PLC prove a higher accuracy in speed regulation as compared to a conventional V f control system. The efficiency of PLC control is increased at high speeds up to 95% of the synchronous speed. Thus, PLC proves themselves as a very versatile and effective tool in industrial control of electric drives.

- by Manas Das
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- Motion control, Control system, Electric Drives, Systems

Like any other permanent magnet machines, Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors also have high efficiency. Because of their high efficiency along with good performance characteristic makes them suitable for electric drive with wide speed range. The conventional IPM machine has very little constant power range. Many attempts have been made to improve the range by modification of rotor configuration. In

- by Rukmi Dutta
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- Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine, Electric Drive, High Efficiency

The U.S. Navy is considering developing an electromagnetic railgun for use on future ships for long-range shore bombardment missions. The goals are to provide support for ground forces in a timely fashion, increase the ship-to-shore standoff distance, and improve ship survivability in combat situations. This paper describes the parameters of a notional railgun design that may be capable of supporting the Navy's needs. The Naval Surface Fire Support mission requires a railgun capable of firing high-energy projectiles for ranges of 300-500 km with a firing rate of up to 12 rounds per minute. The notional system described here is intended to meet these requirements while providing the ability to take advantage of the integrated electric drive architecture to be used on the next generation destroyer. Several important technology issues will need to be addressed before the feasibility of such a system can be demonstrated. These issues are identified and discussed.

- by Ian McNab
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- Engineering, Naval Engineering, System, Physical sciences

In this paper, a low-time-consuming and low-cost sensorless-control algorithm for high-dynamic performance permanent-magnet synchronous motors, both surface and internal permanent-magnet mounted for position and speed estimation, is introduced, discussed, and experimentally validated. This control algorithm is based on the estimation of rotor speed and angular position starting from the back electromotive force space-vector determination without voltage sensors by using the reference voltages given by the current controllers instead of the actual ones. This choice obviously introduces some errors that must be vanished by means of a compensating function. The novelties of the proposed estimation algorithm are the position-estimation equation and the process of compensation of the inverter phase lag that also suggests the final mathematical form of the estimation. The mathematical structure of the estimation guarantees a high degree of robustness against parameter variation as shown by the sensitivity analysis reported in this paper. Experimental verifications of the proposed sensorless-control system have been made with the aid of a flexible test bench for brushless motor electrical drives. The test results presented in this paper show the validity of the proposed low-cost sensorless-control algorithm and, above all, underline the high dynamic performances of the sensorless-control system also with a reduced equipment.

- by Cosimo Rando
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- Engineering, Sensitivity Analysis, Sensorless Control, Electric Drive

One of the most important research topics in drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles is the efficiency analysis of the power train components, including the global drive efficiency. In this paper, two basic traction electric drive systems of electric/hybrid vehicles are presented and evaluated, with a special focus on the efficiency analysis. The first topology comprises a traditional pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) battery-powered inverter, whereas in the second topology, the battery is connected to a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which supplies the inverter. Furthermore, a variable-voltage control technique applied to this second topology is presented, which allows for the improvement of the drive overall performance. Some simulation results are presented, considering both topologies and a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An even more detailed analysis is performed through the experimental validation. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the...

- by Antonio J. Marques Cardoso and +1
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- Engineering, Technology, Topology, Energy efficiency

Due to the potential benefits resulting from the use of a phase order higher than three in transmission, some interest has also grown in the area of multi-phase machine. For machine drive applications, multi-phase system could potentially meet the demand for high power electric drive systems, which are both rugged and energy-efficient. High phase number drives possess several advantages over conventional three-phase drives such as: reducing the amplitude and increasing the frequency of torque pulsation, reducing the rotor harmonic currents, reducing the current per phase without increasing the voltage per phase, lowering the dc link current harmonics, higher reliability and increased power in the same frame. The high phase order drive is likely to remain limited to specialized applications where high reliability is demanded such as electric/hybrid vehicles, aerospace applications, ship propulsion, and high power application where a combination of several solid state devices form one leg of the drive. The research has been underway for the last two decades to investigate the various issues related to the use of multi-phase machine as a potential alternative to the conventional three-phase machine. This paper, therefore, reviews the progress made in multi-phase induction machine drive research and development since its inception. Attempts are made to highlight the current and future issues involved for the development of multi-phase induction machine drive technology for future application. : S 0 3 7 8 -7 7 9 6 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 0 7 -X

- by Moshe Rudowski
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- Modeling, Stability, Electric Power Systems, Hybrid Vehicle

This paper describes four-wheeled robotic chassis of the robot Bender II utilizing Ackermann steering and independent rear drive units. Hardware and software implementation details as well as practical experiences of this approach... more

- by Jiri Krejsa
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- Motion control, Software Implementation, Mobile Robot, Electric Drive

In this paper, a new resolver-to-digital conversion method is presented. This method is based on synchronous demodulation of resolver's output signals. A modified angle-tracking observer is proposed to extract the rotor angle in high speeds as well as in low speeds. An estimation algorithm, which is based on the sign and absolute values of sine and cosine of the rotor angle, is introduced to find an appropriate initial value for this observer. This method can be incorporated in a DSP-based motor drive system. The proposed method is simple and cost effective when an appropriate microcontroller is selected for motor control. This method has been successfully implemented in a DSP board. Several tests at different speeds and initial positions have been performed to evaluate the proposed method.

- by Davood A. Khaburi
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- Motor Control, Digital Signal Processing, Microcontroller, Cost effectiveness

The electric drive is a key component in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The ideal tendency is to use the electric machine over the entire torque/speed range. This paper presents the characterization of the electrical drive suitable for a recently proposed PHEV powertrain, and the design optimization of the electric machine. The newly proposed PHEV powertrain has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time, an energy storage unit consisting of battery and super-capacitor banks for fast charging/discharging during regenerative braking and fast acceleration/deceleration, and a transmission line consisting of two power split devices and a gearbox. The electric machine must be designed for frequent start/stop, fast acceleration/deceleration, high torque and power densities, and high efficiency at all speeds. The drive system was modeled and characterized by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSAT, while the machine design was conducted through electromagnetic field analysis by using ANSYS. The design optimization was carried out for four different electric machines, including a double salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machine, a hybrid excitation DSPM (HEDSPM) machine, and two fluxswitching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines of two different pole arrangements. The results show that the 6/7 pole FSPM machine has the best performance.

- by Wei Xu
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- Machine Design, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Electromagnetic Field, Energy Storage

Generation of DSP-based patterns to control voltage source inverters substantially helped the development of modern electric drives used in various applications. Although the DSP control is well known, there are few papers that cover in detail the control signal generation methodology. This paper presents a DSP-based algorithm to generate sinusoidal PWM signals. The sinusoidal PWM generation algorithm is written in C language so it can be reused easily, in addition to the flexibility it provides in terms of changing the PWM switching frequency and the fundamental frequency of the inverter output voltage. The algorithm development methodology and the experimental results are presented. The output voltage and current harmonic spectra are compared for 5 kHz and 10 kHz carrier frequencies. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This work is part of a research project that aims to develop sensorless vector control of induction machines. This part is presented separately to document DSP based PWM algorithm development process.

- by Pierre Sicard and +1
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- Digital Signal Processing, Fundamental Frequency, Vector control, Development Methodology

AbstractTraditional 2-level high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters for motor drives have several problems associated with their high frequency switching which produces common-mode voltage and high voltage change (dV/dt) rates to the motor windings. Multilevel inverters solve these problems because their devices can switch at a much lower frequency. Two different multilevel topologies are identified for use as a converter for electric drives, a cascade inverter with separate dc sources and a back-to-back diode clamped converter. The cascade inverter is a natural fit for large automotive all-electric drives because of the high VA ratings possible and because it uses several levels of dc voltage sources which would be available from batteries or fuel cells. The back-to-back diode clamped converter is ideal where a source of ac voltage is available such as a hybrid electric vehicle.

- by Manasa Sathyanarayana S
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- Engineering, Topology, Electromagnetic Interference, Fuel Cell
- by Era Purwanto
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- Electric Drive

The subject of machine condition monitoring is charged with developing new technologies to diagnose the machinery problems. Different methods of fault identification have been developed and used effectively to detect the machine faults at an early stage using different machine quantities, such as current, voltage, speed, efficiency, temperature and vibrations. One of the principal tools for diagnosing rotating machinery problems has been the vibration analysis. Through the use of different signal processing techniques, it is possible to obtain vital diagnostic information from vibration profile before the equipment catastrophically fails. A problem with diagnostic techniques is that they require constant human interpretation of the results. The logical progression of the condition monitoring technologies is the automation of the diagnostic process. The research has been underway for a long time to automate the diagnostic process. Recently, artificial intelligent tools, such as expert systems, neural network and fuzzy logic, have been widely used with the monitoring system to support the detection and diagnostic tasks. This paper reviews the progress made in electrical drive condition monitoring and diagnostic research and development in general and induction machine drive condition monitoring and diagnostic research and development, in particular, since its inception. Attempts are made to highlight the current and future issues involved for the development of automatic diagnostic process technology.

- by Ahmed Saleh
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- Signal Processing, Fuzzy Logic, Condition Monitoring, Neural Network

This paper proposes a method of applying the Space Vector Modulation technique for Direct Torque Control (DTC) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. By this method it is preserved the principle of the conventional DTC regarding the decoupled torque and flux control, while providing more flexibility for the inverter voltage utilization, in order to compensate the torque and flux errors in a smoother way than conventional DTC. For this purpose, a reference voltage space vector is calculated every sample time, using a simple algorithm, based on the torque error and the stator flux angle. Numerical simulations have been made to test the proposed method and results are presented.

- by Victorinne Paturca
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- Engineering, Space Technology, Digital Control, Electrical Machines

In an increasing number of applications highly dynamic electrical drives, characterized by high quality torque control, are demanded. Direct torque control (DTC) for AC machines, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) or induction machines, can provide this accurate and fast torque control. When applying DTC the change of the stator flux linkage vector is controlled, based on torque and flux errors. As such the estimation of the stator flux linkage is essential for a DTC drive. Furthermore the quality of the estimation directly determines the capability of the drive.

- by bhaskar mukherji
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- Motion control, Control system, Electric Drives, Systems

This paper deals with a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm applied to electrical drives. The main contribution is a comprehensive and detailed description of the controller design process that points out the most critical aspects and also gives some practical hints for implementation. As an example, the MPC is developed for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. Speed and current controllers are combined together, including all of the state variables of the system, instead of keeping the conventional cascade structure. In this way, the controller enforces both the current and the voltage limits. Both simulation and experimental results point out the validity of the design procedure and the potentials of the MPC in the electrical drive field.

- by Miroslav Fikar
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- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Model Predictive Control, Controller Design
- by Peter Van Den Bossche
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- Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Modeling, Performance

In this paper, we propose a novel synthesizing method for high-speed 8-ary quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) optical signal generation using commercial optical modulators with binary electrical driving signals. Using this method, we successfully generated 114-Gb/s pulse-duration modulation (PDM)-8QAM optical signals. Intradyne detection of PDM-8QAM optical signals with robust blind polarization demultiplexing has been demonstrated by using a new cascaded multimodulus equalization algorithm. With return-to-zero-shaped PDM-8QAM modulation and the proposed blind polarization demultiplexing algorithm, we demonstrate transmission of a record 32-Tb/s fiber capacity (320 114 Gb/s) over 580 km of ultralow-loss single-mode fiber-28 fiber by utilizing C + L-band erbium-doped fiber-amplifier-only optical amplification and single-ended coherent detection technique at an information spectral efficiency of 4.0 bit/s Hz.

- by Peter Magill
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- Blind Equalization, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, Optical physics, High Speed

This report presents the results of the first phase of Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL's) examination of the costs and energy impacts of light-duty hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). We call this research an HEV Technology... more

- by Steven Plotkin
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- Technology Assessment, Energy efficiency, Power Plant, Internal Combustion Engine

AbstractTraditional high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters for motor drives have several problems associated with their high frequency switching which produces high voltage change (dV/dt) rates. Multilevel inverters solve these problems because their devices switch at the fundamental frequency. Two different multilevel topologies are identified for use as a converter for electric drives, a cascade inverter with separate dc sources and a back-to-back diode clamped converter. The cascade inverter is a natural fit for large automotive electric drives because of the high VA ratings possible and because it uses several levels of dc voltage sources which would be available from batteries or fuel cells. The back-to-back diode clamped converter is ideal for use where a generator or alterntator produces ac voltage. Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of these two converters over PWM based drives.

- by John Mckeever
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- Fuel Cell, High Frequency, High Voltage, Fundamental Frequency

A novel three-phase diode boost rectifier is proposed in this paper. The core of the proposed topology is a power conversion device [the loss-free transformer (LFT)] with two terminals; one input and one output. The input is parallel-connected with the dc bus capacitor, while the output is connected between the rectifier plus rail and the dc bus plus rail. The LFT is controlled in such a way to control the rectifier current and boost the dc bus voltage. In contrast to the ordinary boost rectifiers, the switches of the new boost rectifier are rated on a fraction of the dc bus voltage and a fraction of the input current. It makes this topology very compact and efficient. Power rating, size, and losses depend strongly on the ratio of the dc bus voltage to rectifier voltage (boosting factor). For example, if the boosting factor is low, below 1.5, the power converter efficiency could be 98-99%. The proposed boost rectifier has been analyzed and experimentally verified on a 5.5-kW prototype. The results are presented and discussed.

- by Petar Grbovic
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- Engineering, Boost Converter, Electric Drive, Power Converter

A comparative study of several fault-tolerant electrical drives is presented in this paper. As the application is concerned, the authors' attention was oriented towards the vehicle transportation. Thus, the main electrical drives under study are: the induction, the switched reluctance and the permanent magnet synchronous machine, respectively. The present work will explore the aforementioned drives' capabilities in terms of fault-tolerant operation. The authors present a substantial study for the fault-tolerant issue in electrical drives by using finite element method (FEM). During this numerical analysis many phenomenon will be emphasized and, coming together with some tests, final conclusions will be depicted.

- by Loránd Szabó and +1
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- Numerical Analysis, Finite element method, Electric Drive, SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR

Modern pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter motor drives are affected by dangerous common-mode currents due to the high rate of variation of the modulated voltage. An inexpensive alternative to low-pass filters, which are normally used to limit common-mode currents, consists in reducing such currents by using suitable modulation strategies. In this paper, a new approach for designing PWM strategies is presented, which is able to reduce common-mode currents by limiting the amount of variations of the common-mode voltage. The main characteristics of the proposed approach are experimentally evaluated on a standard PWM induction motor drive.

- by G. Scarcella
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- Engineering, Experimental Evaluation, Electric Drive, Space vector modulation

- by Nejat Tuncay and +1
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- Power Management, Energy Management, Electric Vehicle, Electric Drive

This paper presents the design and application of a hub drive system for Hybrid (HEV) and All Electric Vehicles (EV). Initially Matlab SIMULINK model of a hub driven hybrid electric vehicle is developed and the performance values are calculated. Two 15 kW brushless dc machines (BLDC) are designed and manufactured to be located inside the rim of the wheels. The performance tests of these wheels are conducted in laboratory environment. Then, two separately driven rear wheels are mounted to Fiat Linea vehicle.

- by Utku Karakaya
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- Control system, Internal Combustion Engine, Brushless DC Motor, Electric Vehicle

- by Nejat Tuncay
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- Power Management, Energy Management, Electric Vehicle, Electric Drive

This paper approaches the problem of optimizing energy consumption onboard hybrid vehicles in a general way, considering the main issues to be solved in their conceptuality and, therefore, that are often abstracted from the actual structure of the particular drive train that the authors considered. The methods that were described are a harmonization of those used by the authors over the last several years; therefore, although being rather general, they are far from describing the state of the art of scientific literature on this topic. Both parallel and series structures are covered; for either structure, the effect of different functions on management strategies (e.g., pure-electric drive and plug-in recharge capabilities) are discussed. Some more details are supplied in the Case Studies section of this paper, where some of the authors' past experiences are reconsidered in terms of the general approach proposed in this paper.

- by Massimo Ceraolo
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- Engineering, Technology, Energy Consumption, Hybrid Vehicle

... H. Abu-Rub is with Texas A&amp;amp;amp;M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar (e-mail: haitham.abu-rub@ qatar.tamu.edu). ... 2008. [10] KM Al-Hussain, Dynamic stability of two rigid rotors connected by a flexible coupling... more

- by A. Lewicki
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- Engineering, Industrial, High Speed Train, Sensorless Control

This paper presents transformerless multilevel converters as an application for high-power and/or high-voltage electric motor drives. Multilevel converters: 1) can generate nearsinusoidal voltages with only fundamental frequency switching; 2) have almost no electromagnetic interference or common-mode voltage; and 3) are suitable for large voltampere-rated motor drives and high voltages. The cascade inverter is a natural fit for large automotive all-electric drives because it uses several levels of dc voltage sources, which would be available from batteries or fuel cells. The back-to-back diode-clamped converter is ideal where a source of ac voltage is available, such as in a hybrid electric vehicle. Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of these two converters over two-level pulsewidthmodulation-based drives.

- by parthiban d
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- Engineering, Topology, Electromagnetic Interference, Fuel Cell