Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Research Papers (original) (raw)

An efficient and new but non-intrusive method to detect the fluctuation in gear load may be the motor current signature analysis (MCSA). In this paper, a multi-stage transmission gearbox (with and without defects) has been studied in order to replace the conventional vibration monitoring by MCSA. It has been observed through FFT analysis that low frequencies of the vibration signatures have sidebands across line frequency of the motor current whereas high frequencies of vibration signature are difficult to be detected. Hence, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is suggested to decompose the current signal, and FFT analysis is carried out with the decomposed current signal to trace the sidebands of the high frequencies of vibration

The increasing wind power generation requires the updating of the computational tools that support decision making in the operation and planning of electric power systems. This work describes a methodology to model the spatial correlations among wind speeds probability distributions in probabilistic power flow. The proposed methodology is based on Nataf transformation and Monte Carlo Simulation. The proposed methodology is illustrated in case studies with the IEEE 24 bus test system, highlighting the importance of adequately considering such correlations.

- by Ion Piroi
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- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)

TODAY, The use of a wireless network enables enterprises to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into buildings or as a connection between different equipment locations. The basis of wireless systems are radio waves, an implementation that takes place at the physical level of network structure. Wireless network is installations a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business) avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Delay tolerant networks (DTNs), such as sensor networks with scheduled intermittent connectivity, vehicular DTNs that disseminate location-dependent information, and pocket-switched networks that allow humans to communicate without network infrastructure, are highly partitioned networks that may suffer from frequent disconnectivity. In DTNs, the in-transit messages, also named bundles, can be sent over an existing link and buffered at the next hop until the next link in the path appears. This message propagation process is usually referred to as the “store-carry-and-forward” strategy, and the routing is decided in an “opportunistic” fashion. We aim to evaluate the added effect of the presence of malicious nodes on ad hoc network performance, and determine appropriate measures to detect malicious nodes. A malicious node advertising itself as having a valid route to the destination. With this intension the attacker consumes or intercepts the packet without any forwarding. An attacker can completely modify the packet and generate fake information, this cause the network traffic diverted or dropped. Let H be a malicious node. When H receives a Route Request, it sends back a Route Reply immediately, which constructs the data and can be transmitted by itself with the shortest path. So S receives Route Reply and it is replaced by H->S. then H receives all the data from S. In this research we propose a new assesment based scheme for detection of Malicious Nodes in DTN. And examine different strategies for prevention to malicious nodes as well as Compare out come proposed scheme with the earliest established schemes.

A large number of people have attempted to create mathematical models in order to develop and optimize agricultural production; however almost none of them address the factors such as use of fertilizers (N, K, P). More use of fertilizers can deteriorate the fertility of soil and can lead to the low production for years to come. In this study a predictive model is formulated that aims to predict the best crop to be grown in available weather conditions and nutrients present in the soil thereby reducing the use of chemicals and taking a step forward towards organic and chemical free agriculture.

Fishermen looking for fish in stationary lift net usually need a tool in the form of light. The types of light they use may come from neon, mercury, a pressurized kerosene lamp, and, which is commonly used, an LED. Fishermen who use LEDs as a tool to gather or attract fish use either one color of light only or more. As to switch the light off, some use an ON/OFF switch, some use a dimmer, and the rest use the PWM technique with a microcontroller. This research aimed to develop a PWM signal using a microcontroller by carrying out an experiment making a PWM program on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, a trial on the input using the push button switch and an LED as the indicator, a trial on the input using a 2X16 LCD as the indicator, and a trial on the output of the PWM program using an osciloscope as the indicator. The significance of this research includes, first, it develops a varied PWM signal program for three LED colors, which can be used to engineer a microcontroller to adjust the intensity of LED light as a tool to attract fish in stationary lift net-aided fishing. Second, it makes it easier for fishermen using stationaty lift net to instal and use LED light-aided tools. Third, the PWM regulator for LEDs helps reduce fish-catching operational costs and it is easy to use.

- by Sumardi Sadi
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- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)

The q-Calculus has served as a bridge between mathematics and physics, particularly in case of quantum physics. The q-generalizations of mathematical concepts like Laplace, Fourier and Sumudu transforms, Hypergeometric functions etc. can be advantageously used in solution of various problems arising in the field of physical and engineering sciences. The q-Sumudu transform, the q-image of classical Sumudu transform is the theoretical dual of the q-Laplace transform. In view of this, the present paper deals with some of the important applications of classical Sumudu and q-Sumudu transform of generalized hypergeometric function and Wright-type hypergeometric function. The results have been presented in terms of well-known Fox's H-function. Some special cases have also been discussed.

One of the main tasks in structural health monitoring process is to create reliable algorithms that are capable of translating the measured response into meaningful information reflecting the actual condition of the monitored structure. The authors have recently introduced a novel unsupervised vibration-based damage detection algorithm that utilizes self-organizing maps to quantify structural damage and assess the overall condition of structures. Previously, this algorithm had been tested using the experimental data of Phase II Experimental Benchmark Problem of Structural Health Monitoring, introduced by the IASC (International Association for Structural Control) and ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers). In this paper, the ability of this algorithm to quantify structural damage is tested analytically using an experimentally validated finite element model of a laboratory structure constructed at Qatar University.

— Superconducting (SC) cavities are made up of superconducting material named niobium which is used in particle accelerators whose performance is limited at radio frequency. There are mainly two phenomena called Field Level Quench and Field Emission Loading Result which affects on Superconducting RF cavities. In few years, The developers are working on super conducting radio frequency technology for enhancing the cavity performance by using some surface treatment methods like Chemical polishing, high temperature treatment etc. These cavities work as superconductors whose resistance is near to 0 Ω at cryogenic temperature (2K). In this paper, the performance parameters and loss mechanisms of the SCRF cavity is described.

Repeated series mining is well known and well studied trouble in information mining. The productivity of the formula is used in several alternative regions like chemistry, bioinformatics, and market basket analysis. A completely unique parallel algorithmic rule for mining of frequent sequences supported a static load-balancing is planned. The static load balancing is done by measure the machine time using a probabilistic algorithm. For cheap size of instance, the algorithms deliver the good speedups. The conferred approach is extremely universal: it is often used for static load-balancing of alternative pattern mining algorithms like item set/tree/graph mining algorithms.

Big Data has become a very important part of all industries and organizations sectors nowadays. All sectors like energy, banking, retail, hardware, networking, etc all generate a huge amount of unstructured data which is processed and analyzed accurately in a structured form. Then the structured data can reveal very useful information for their business growth. Big Data helps in getting useful data from unstructured or heterogeneous data by analyzing them. Big data initially defined by the volume of a data set. Big data sets are generally huge, measuring tens of terabytes and sometimes crossing the sting of petabytes. Today, big data falls under three categories structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. The size of big data is improving in a fast phase from Terabytes to Exabytes Of data. Also, Big data requires techniques that help to integrate a huge amount of heterogeneous data and to process them. Data Analysis which is a big data process has its applications in various areas such as business processing, disease prevention, cybersecurity, and so on. Big data has three major issues such as data storage, data management, and information retrieval. Big data processing requires a particular setup of hardware and virtual machines to derive results. The processing is completed simultaneously to realize results as quickly as possible. These days big data processing techniques include Text mining and sentimental analysis. Text analytics is a very large field under which there are several techniques, models, methods for automatic and quantitative analysis of textual data. The purpose of this paper is to show how the text analysis and sentimental analysis process the unstructured data and how these techniques extract meaningful information and, thus make information available to the various data mining statistical and machine learning) algorithms.

There are various algorithms and methodologies used for automated screening of cervical cancer by segmenting and classifying cervical cancer cells into different categories. This study presents a critical review of different research papers published that integrated ML methods in screening cervical cancer via different approaches analyzed in terms of typical metrics like dataset size, drawbacks, accuracy etc. An attempt has been made to furnish the reader with an insight of Machine Learning algorithms like SVM (Support Vector Machines), k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors), RFT (Random Forest Trees), for feature extraction and classification. This paper also covers the publicly available datasets related to cervical cancer. It presents a holistic review on the computational methods that have evolved over the period of time, in detection of malignant cells. In this paper, we are going to train our model using various machine learning techniques and all the models thus made are compared in terms of accuracy, precision and recall.

- by Rakshanda Borikar and +1
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- Computer Science, Information Technology, Computer Science Education, Computer Engineering

—Music emotion plays an important role in music retrieval, mood detection and other music-related applications. Many issues for music emotion recognition have been addressed by different disciplines such as physiology, psychology, cognitive science and musicology. We present a support vector regression (SVR) based Music Information Retrieval System (Emotion based). We have chosen the " Raga " paradigm of Indian classical music as the basis of our formal model since it is well understood and semi-formal in nature. Also a lot of work has been done on Western Music and Karnataka classical Music Initially in the system features are extracted from music. These features are mapped into emotion categories on the Tellegen-Watson Clark model of mood which is an extension to the Thayer " s two-dimensional emotion model. Two regression functions are trained using SVR and then distance and angle values are predicted A categorical Response Graph is generated in this module which shows the variation of emotion .

—Web page recommendation is the technique of web site customization to fulfil the needs of every particular user or group of users. The web has become largest world of knowledge. So it is more crucial task of the webmasters to manage the contents of the particular websites to gather the requirements of the web users. The web page recommendation systems most part based on the exploitation of the patterns of the site's visitors. Domain ontology " s provide shared and regular understanding of a particular domain. Existing system uses pre-order linked WAP-tree mining (PLWAP Mine) algorithm that helps web recommendation system to recommend the interested pages but it has some drawbacks, it require more execution time and memory. To overcome the drawbacks of existing system paper utilizes PREWAP algorithm. The PREWAP algorithm recommends the interested results to web user within less time and with less memory and improves the efficiency of web page recommendation system. In work, various models are presented; the first model is Web Usage Mining which uses the web logs. The second model also utilizes web logs to represent the domain knowledge, here the domain ontology is used to solve the new page problem. Likewise the prediction model, which is a network of domain terms, which is based on the frequently viewed web-pages and represents the integrated web usage. The recommendation results have been successfully verified based on the results which are acquired from a proposed and existing web usage mining (WUM) technique.

- by International Journal IJRITCC
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- Engineering, Computer Science, Machine Learning, Data Mining

One of the key issues that need to be addressed in wireless sensor network field is how to create a most efficient energy system. Ad-hoc Networks are becoming an effective tool for many mission critical applications such as troop coordination, situational awareness Etc. Ad-hoc Networks having limited computation and communication resources. To unguaranteed connectivity to trust authorities make known solutions for trusted authorities make knows solutions for single hop wireless networks. In this Project I am presenting A Distinct Authentication Key for New TAM Protocol For large scale dense ad-hoc networks. TAM exploits network clusters to reduce overhead and ensure scalability. Multicast traffic with in a cluster employs a “One way hash function” chain in order to authenticate the message source. Cross cluster multicast traffic includes Message Authentication Codes (MAC’s) that are based on a set of keys. Result in terms of bandwidth overhead and delivery delay

Design a nonlinear controller for second order nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems (e.g., Internal Combustion Engine) is one of the most important challenging works. This paper focuses on the design of a robust backstepping adaptive feedback linearization controller (FLC) for internal combustion (IC) engine in presence of uncertainties. In order to provide high performance nonlinear methodology, feedback linearization controller is selected. Pure feedback linearization controller can be used to control of partly unknown nonlinear dynamic parameters of IC engine. In order to solve the uncertain nonlinear dynamic parameters, implement easily and avoid mathematical model base controller, Mamdani’s performance/error-based fuzzy logic methodology with two inputs and one output and 49 rules is applied to pure feedback linearization controller. The results demonstrate that the error-based fuzzy feedback linearization controller is a model-free controllers which works well in certain and partly uncertain system. Pure feedback linearization controller and error-based feedback linearization like controller with have difficulty in handling unstructured model uncertainties. To solve this problem applied backstepping-based tuning method to error-based fuzzy feedback linearization controller for adjusting the feedback linearization controller gain ( ). This controller has acceptable performance in presence of uncertainty (e.g., overshoot=1%, rise time=0.48 second, steady state error = 1.3e-9 and RMS error=1.8e-11).

- by FARZIN PILTAN and +1
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- Electrical Engineering, Robotics, Control Systems Engineering, Artificial Intelligence

— Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a promising area of research. Energy efficiency in WMN can play vital role in achieving green wireless communication. This research work considers IEEE 802.11s link based power saving modes. Energy aware joint optimization of routing, link scheduling under wireless interference and delay constraint has been considered. For given traffic load a model has been formulated to minimize network energy consumption by choosing optimum power saving mode for peer links. It is stressed that redundant links and nodes can be turned in low power state for energy savings.

— Cloud computing is one of the emerging techniques to process the big data. Cloud computing is also, known as service on demand. Large set or large volume of data is known as big data. Processing big data (MRI images and DICOM images) normally takes more time. Hard tasks such as handling big data can be solved by using the concepts of hadoop. Enhancing the hadoop concept will help the user to process the large set of images. The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce are the two default main functions which is used to enhance hadoop. HDFS is a hadoop file storing system, which is used for storing and retrieving the data. MapReduce is the combination of two functions namely map and reduce. Map is the process of splitting the inputs and reduce is the process of integrating the output of map's input. Recently, medical experts experienced problems like machine failure and fault tolerance while processing the result for the scanned data. A unique optimized time scheduling algorithm, called Dynamic Handover Reduce Function (DHRF) algorithm is introduced in the reduce function. Enhancement of hadoop and cloud and introduction of DHRF helps to overcome the processing risks, to get optimized result with less waiting time and reduction in error percentage of the output image.

In today’s' era we see a huge crowd in the shopping malls. This is due to the growing population and the less numbers of billing counters in the shopping mall. The customers waste a lot of expensive time standing in the queue for billing. Keeping this in mind the idea of “SERVER OPERATED EASY PAYMENT IN SHOPPING MALL” is originated. This is also named as “EASY PAY”. An application is designed which holds the product. The customer can add the products to the cart of his/her choice. The total bill calculation is done by the application itself. After buying, a payment page pops up which allows the customer to make his payment then and there. This reduces the time of standing in queue. The payment is sent to the database we designed, which is connected to the application. The database holds the record of every customer which a unique customer Id to ensure safety of every customers. At the other end the security checker matches the product bought by customers by matching the Id with ...

- by prakhar rai
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- Business, Computer Science, Information Technology, Computer Science Education

In last two decades continues increase of comput-ational power and recent advance in the
web technology cause to provide large amounts of data. That needs large scale data
processing mechanism to handle this volume of data. MapReduce is a programming model
for large scale distributed data processing in an efficient and transparent way. Due to its
excellent fault tolerance features, scalability and the ease of use. Currently, there are several
options for using MapReduce in cloud environments, such as using MapReduce as a service,
setting up one’s own MapReduce cluster on cloud instances, or using specialized cloud
MapReduce runtimes that take advantage of cloud infrastructure services. Cloud computing
has recently emerged as a new paradigm that provide computing infrastructure and large
scale data processing mechanism in the network. The cloud is on demand, scalable and high
availability so implement of MapReduce on the top of cloud services cause faster, scalable
and high available MapReduce framework for large scale data processing. In this paper we
explain how to implement MapReduce in the cloud and also have a comparison between
implementations of MapReduce on AzureCloud, Amazon Cloud and Hadoop at the end.

- by Bahman Rashidi
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- Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks, Clouds

This work deals with the design of multimode/multifrequency airborne radar suitable for imaging and subsurface sounding. The system operates at relatively low frequencies in the band ranging from VHF to UHF. It is able to work in two different modalities: (i) nadir-looking sounder in the VHF band (163 MHz) and (ii) side-looking imager (SAR) in the UHF band with two channels at 450 MHz and 860 MHz. The radar has been completely designed by CO.Ri.S.T.A. for what concerns the RF and the electronic aspect, and by the University of Calabria for what concerns the design, realization, and test of SAR antennas. The radar has been installed on a civil helicopter and its operation has been validated in flight in both sounder and imager modality. Preliminary surveys have been carried out over different areas of Campania region, South Italy.

The present work deals with a renewable energy based microgrid (MG) with ANFIS controller for standalone operation. The places where renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro etc. are in abundance, use them to generate electricity by developing wind-hydro based MG. The main control unit of MG is VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) in which an indirect current control is applied. This VSI is used for power quality improvements through harmonics suppression of nonlinear loads; voltage regulation during contingencies such as load unbalance; reactive power compensation at PCC (Point of Common Coupling) according to the system requirement. It is capable of providing power balance under various changes among the generation, storage and demand units. For appropriate functioning of VSI, a reweighted zero attractor least mean square (RZALMS) control algorithm is applied to generate PWM switching pulses for VSI. A model of MG with ANFIS controller is developed in MATLAB/ Simulink environment to simulate its performance in normal and dynamic conditions at linear and nonlinear loads. A renewable wind-hydro based microgrid has been developed. The performance of MG has been demonstrated using RZALMS control approach to provide power quality solutions i.e. harmonics suppression, reactive power compensation, load balancing and voltage control. It has also managed the power balance in the microgrid during various states such as high wind power generation, load unbalancing and peak load demand. Such MG provides energy independence in rural areas and contributes in reducing the fossil consumption and its bad impact on the environment. A single voltage source inverter has performed power quality improvement and power balancing. The PMBLDCG does not require speed sensor, position sensor and wind speed sensor for MPPT control. Individual inverters and converters are not being used on various units viz. wind, hydro, battery bank etc. Therefore, the overall system cost and maintenance is reduced. The performance of the proposed controller with ANFIS and PI controller results were evaluated by using Matlab/Simulink software.

- by Rajesh Rishi
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- Electrical Engineering, Grid Computing, Machine Learning, Power Electronics

This publication presents a method responsible for counting tracking and monitoring visitors inside a building. The site examined is Manos Hatzidakis' House, situated in Xanthi. Specifically, we have conducted a study, which provides recommendations, regarding the installation of sensors in the building. We also present the communication protocols of the computer network used in order to ensure the efficient communication between the space examined and the sensor network. Finally, we describe the process of creating a website, which is designed to store and view the data.

- by Alexandros Gazis
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- Remote Sensing, Sensors and Sensing, Sensor, Wireless Sensor Networks

— In digital communication system, digital information can be sent on a carrier through changes in its fundamental characteristics such as phase, frequency and amplitude. The use of a filter plays an important part in a communication channel because it is effective at eliminating spectral leakage, reducing channel width, and eliminating interference from adjacent symbols (Inter Symbol Interference) ISI. It describe the developed and dynamic method of designing finite impulse response filter with automatic rapid and less error by an efficient genetic and neural approach. GA and Neural are powerful global optimization algorithm introduced in combinational optimization problems. Here, FIR filter is designed using Genetic, Neural approach by efficient coding schemes. We need to design these filters with some constraints imposed by requirements of the communication system in which we are going to use them. The use of optimization techniques have been proved to be quite useful towards the design of those digital filters with certain specifications. This paper reviews about the uses of optimization systems in digital filter design.

 Abstract— Data Leakage can be referred as the unauthorized transfer of classified information from a computer or data centre to the outside world. Big data is an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information. The data loss in such huge massive data sets may cause critical vulnerabilities. In this paper we proposed a novel model in Hadoop master/slave architecture for data leakage prevention with LRA algorithm. The LRA algorithm evaluates the Least Reliable Agent and sends it to the DLA (Data Leakage Avoider). DLA prevents the NameNode from allocating data to these agents.

- by Ambresh Bhadrashetty
- •
- Engineering, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Machine Learning

Power system is a radial distribution system comprising large number of nodes and branches. Especially in Pakistan, large network causes power loss and voltage drop due to outdated infrastructure. Distributed Generation is one of the emerging solutions to compensate the load demand along with improvement in power quality and voltage profile of electrical power system. Although, proper placement and sizing of DG is still a challenging situation in power system as improper placement and sizing may bring the network more sever situation. This paper analyses a real time 11 kV radial distribution network of HESCO. An artificial intelligence technical named PSO is utilized to identify the optimal placement and size for DG integration. The proposed technique resulted as very effective for reduction in power loss with fast convergence.

- by Shahbaz Ahmed Soomro
- •
- Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

CampusERP is an implementation of an ERP System, which will be used primarily in educational institutes such as Engineering Colleges. There will be both Web and Flutter Application for Centralized Management of Educational Institutes. Main Goal of the project is to digitize day to day activities of an Educational Institute, further reducing load on teaching as well as non-teaching staff. This project will have primarily two main Users that would be Teacher and Student. The complete system revolves around these two users. Every module that is available in this project is some way or other beneficial to these two types of users. This project has two main modules that is Student Central Platform and Teacher Central Platform which act as base for all the other modules present. Non-primary modules include Library Management System, Student Attendance System, Online Exam & Assignment Portal, Bus Tracking System, Newsletters & Advertisement, Custom APIs, Performance Analysis, etc.

- by Aakash Mole and +1
- •
- Computer Science, Information Technology, Computer Science Education, Computer Engineering

As previsões de carga média até dois meses à frente, com desagregação temporal semanal para o
primeiro mês, constituem informações fundamentais para o Programa Mensal de Operação Energética
- PMO formulado e executado pelo Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico – ONS, com a participação
dos agentes do setor elétrico. Visando agilizar e tornar reprodutível o processo de previsão de carga
para o PMO, foi concebido um programa computacional, denominado PrevCargaPMO, que busca
automatizar as etapas das previsões de carga semanais e mensais, para o PMO e suas revisões
semanais. Assim, o PrevCargaPMO fornece previsões de carga semanais, até seis semanas à frente, e
mensais, até 2 meses à frente, para os 4 subsistemas (Sudeste, Sul, Nordeste e Norte). Nas previsões
semanais, para a previsão da primeira semana são consideradas previsões de temperatura, histórico da
carga semanal verificada e variáveis de calendário (feriados, dias especiais, mês e horário de verão). Já
para as demais semanas do horizonte de previsão, as previsões de carga não contam com previsões de
temperatura. As previsões semanais são calculadas por meio de seis Máquinas de Vetor de Suporte -
SVM, uma para cada semana do horizonte de previsão. Adicionalmente, há uma SVM para previsão
da carga mensal até dois meses à frente, cujas variáveis explicativas incluem o histórico da carga
mensal verificada e as variáveis de calendário. Ao final, as previsões semanais e a previsão mensal
para o primeiro mês passam por uma etapa de compatibilização. O presente artigo tem por objetivo
descrever a metodologia e as principais funcionalidades implementadas no programa PrevCargaPMO
e apresentar alguns resultados obtidos para os quatro subsistemas (Sudeste, Sul, Nordeste e Norte) do
Sistema Interligado Nacional – SIN.

Rosuvastatin, is a member of the drug class of statins, used in combination with exercise, diet, and weight-loss to treat high cholesterol and related conditions, and to prevent cardiovascular disease.Rosuvastatin reduces levels of bad cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, officially abbreviated HMGCR) is the rate-controlling enzyme (NADH-dependent, NADPH-dependent)of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids. Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor as well as oxidized species of cholesterol.the potential target protein for Cardiovascular Disease is HMG-CoA REDUCTASE and Rosuvastatin analogs are potential inhibitors for HMG CoA Reductase. New Rosuvastatin analogs will be developed through Receptor Based Drug Designing Methods including binding affinity Calculations. Binding Affinity Calculations will be performed through Genomics, proteomics, MolecularModeling, Protein 3D structural analysis and Molecular Docking Methods The best inhibitor for HMG CoA Reductase will be identified through binding affinity calculations __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

The main objective of this project is to develop and implement a prototype of a controller scheme using latest control algorithms and drives technology to capture maximum sun energy from sun through solar panel in day time. The efficiency of a solar panel is related to the amount of solar energy it absorbed, so it is necessary to track the sun’s position for the panel accurately. A new approach to implement a control unit so that the position of the panel is always kept perpendicular to the sun so as to capture maximum amount of energy. In this control unit a new tracking system is proposed, which comprises of a sensor (position), a microcontroller, and a stepper motor. The position sensor (pyranometer) always detects the position of the sensor. This sensor also detects the radiation from the sun. The fuzzy logic control approach is developed in the microcontroller to design a drive unit for stepper motor as well as to detect the sun position. By implementing this tracking system, the solar panel can be perpendicular to the sun at any moment in day time to obtain maximum solar radiation. The resulting structure has high efficiency, low cost and can be easily modified. This improves the performance of regular tracker nearby 30-40%.

Abstract— A simple protoplast isolation protocol that was designed to recover totipotent plant protoplasts with relative ease has been described• The key elements of the protocol are, tissue digestion at slightly elevated temperatures and use of protoplast releasing enzymes that are stable and efficient at higher temperatures• Besides enzymes, the protoplast isolation cocktail consisted of an Osmoticum (Mannitol or MgSO4), and a Protectant (CaCl2 2H2O), all dissolved in distilled water. The protocol has ensured reproducibility, higher yields and is gentle on protoplasts as the protoplasts obtained were amenable to cell wall regeneration and cell division• Plant regeneration was demonstrated for Solanum surattense Burm.f from protoplasts isolated by this method• Wall regeneration and cell division were obtained in other species. The merits of the protocol are, simple and easy-to-handle procedure, non-requirement of preconditioning of donor plant and explants, incubation without agitation, satisfactory yields, culturability of the protoplasts isolated and applicability of the protocol to a large number of species including mucilage-containing plants

A generalized macroscopic representation of electrical steels used in transformer manufacturing industry is developed. The proposed representation is specifically formulated for integration in the finite element method. Usage of the specific technique enables the accurate evaluation of electromagnetic field distribution of transformer cores under heavily saturated conditions. Advantages over conventional techniques include numerical stability, numerical accuracy, and reduction of iterations of the Newton–Raphson method.

Cloud based mostly Career guidance system is extremely necessary to our academic System. We've an existing internet based Career guidance system obtainable on internet with varied issues : System not obtainable all the time, Not giving free courses to the scholars, no courses for studies, not specializing in new trends. We've been ready to style a web Career guidance device targeting students who have passed their faculty and area unit trying to find ensuing begin to their career and that we have conjointly targeted on the scholars who have money issues and can't afford courses on the platform . Internet based mostly Career guidance device was designed and enforced victimization knowledge collected from measuring totally different career guidance device obtainable on web. The subsequent scripting languages were employed: PHP, MySQL, HTML, Java Script, Bootstrap and CSS. The system was enforced and tested with fifty students and seventy six of them found the career system terribly helpful.

Planning helps one in knowing what one will have to perform to achieve its goals. In software engineering to start with project development, the first phase is all about planning, understanding and blueprinting the thoughts considering every aspect of the project development. It's easy to define things but behind the scene in the requirement phase, different teams play a key role in planning and blueprinting the thought. Understanding the responsibilities of each team is important that will directly coup up the project development phase. Here, we will study practical approaches and roles, responsibilities of each team behind the scene.

— Designing an efficient Distributed Database System (DDBS) is considered as one of the most challenging problems because of multiple interdependent factors which are affecting its performance. Allocation and fragmentation are two processes which their efficiency and correctness influence the performance of DDBS. Therefore, efficient data fragmentation and allocation of fragments across the network sites are considered as an important research area in distributed database design. In this paper presents an approach which simultaneously fragments data vertically and allocates the fragments to appropriate sites across the network. Bond Energy Algorithm (BEA) is applied with a better affinity measure that improves the generated clusters of attributes.

As a result of optimisation of high current circuit for the furnace 7.75 MVA, its substitute values of phase reactances have been considerably decreased and its asymmetry has been minimised. Decrease in the voltage drop of the high current circuit influenced advantageously a change in furnace electrical parameters and forced increase in its electric resistance. It influenced positively increase in power factor cos φ and increased the furnace active power. In spite of an improvement in properties of the high current circuit, in the early stage after furnace modernisation, a deterioration of technical and economic indices of ferrosilicon FeSi75 melting process was experienced and an expected improvement in energy consumption rate was not achieved. It was found that it was connected with the influence of the change in electric parameters of the high current circuit on decrease in the depth of immersion of electrodes which influenced negatively temperature conditions of the process.

Increase in use of power electronics in power system addressed power quality problems. Converters are widely used in industrial area for different application. They are non-linear devices and degrade power quality of system. In this paper, 12 – pulse ac – dc power supply is taken as non-linear load example. Power supply, here discuss is use in low voltage, high dc current application. High dc current is generated by connecting four M3 converters in parallel. Phase-shifting transformer is also introduce for require phase displacement. Converter can affect power quality in terms of inject harmonics and decrease power factor. It can be used as dynamic load; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate active and reactive power for different loading condition. This paper represents assessment of power quality for such system.

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- by Vania V Estrela
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- Robotics, Computer Science, Computer Graphics, Robotics (Computer Science)

In this paper a robust three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) anisotropy model is introduced based on a particular scalar potential formulation. The specific 3D FE model is suitable for the accurate evaluation of the peak flux density distribution and no load loss of one-phase and three-phase wound core distribution transformers. The accuracy of the proposed 3D FE anisotropy model is validated by local flux density and no load loss measurements.