Engraved gems Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

Malawi is believed to be losing foreign exchange earnings because of lack of support to artisanal-small scale mining. Usually gemstone miners are equipped with poor knowledge of gemstone mining, grading and pricing. This paper tries to... more

2025

The State Historical Museum of the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk) holds two hoards of Roman coins from Southwestern Crimea, acquired by archaeologist N.K. Minko during his excavations in the region of Sevastopol in 1909–1911. The fi rst hoard contains 288 denarii from Nero
to Maximinus I. It is attestation of payments to Roman troops stationed in the region. The second hoard includes 13 antoniniani from Julia Domna to Trajan Decius and is also associated with the Roman military presence in Taurica or it was possibly brought by barbarians from campaigns in the provinces of the Empire.

2025, Восточная Европа в I тыс. н.э. по данным археологии и нумизматики / Под ред. П. Г. Гайдукова, А. А. Малышева. М.: ИА РАН

В коллекции Национального музея Республики Башкортостан хранятся две крупные «бусины» из серо-голубого полупрозрачного халцедона с резными изображениями. В целом находки гемм (с изображениями других типов) относятся к VI–VII вв.,... more

2025

Romula attracts attention by the large number of Roman gemstones discovered here, number which is characterized by the variety and diversity of engraved subjects. Among them, a gemstone differs from all the others. Its uniqueness stems from the fact that is engraved with artistic images on both faces, being also accompanied by an inscription in Latin, composed of two words.

2025, Geological Bulletin of Turkey

What distinguishes the minerals grouped as gemstones (jewelry stones) from other metallic and industrial mines and building stones is that they do not require bulky reserves and production amounts, and even if they have low reserves, if they are extracted in good quality, they are sought after in terms of being used in the jewelry industry, and when compared to other groups, these materials have very high economic values. they have. Although gemstone science (gemology) and gemstone processing industry are not very developed in Türkiye and the potential of gemstones in our country has not yet been fully revealed, gemstones represent a highly economic potential for our country when the mining sector is made consciously and marketed well. Therefore, it is in our national interest that their national mining, analysis and trade in their raw and processed forms should be in coordination and discipline. The different and unaware practices of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and the Ministry of Treasury and Finance regarding gemstones are contrary to our national interests and are in disorder. Directing them under a single roof has become a necessity due to reason and science. There is a definite need for a new law just for the mining, analysis, exchange and trading of gemstones. The content of this law should be specially prepared in accordance with the equivalents issued by other countries in the world. “Turkish Gems (Jewelry Stones (Gemology) Application and Research Center" should be established within MAPEG (General Directorate of Mining and Petroleum Affairs) or MTA (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration Institute). This center should be able to organize the mining, processing and marketing of gemstones and R&D activities, most of which are still idle in our country. Today, the centers of gemstones trade in the world are places such as Thailand (Bangkok), China (Hong Kong), India (Jaipur, Bombay). The definition of precious stones in Article 2/K of the Turkish Foreign Exchange legislation (Turkish Currency Protection Legislation No. 32) must be revised and the missing regulation must be updated. A similar revision should be made on the standards TS-6173 and TS-6174 regarding gemstones, which are currently in force by the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). When examined in terms of the consumer component, which is one of the main stakeholders of the jewelry industry in Türkiye, and within the framework of the "Law on Consumer Protection No. 6502" in our general legal system, it has been determined that the current regulations and approaches cannot respond to the possible problems encountered in terms of gemstones with the required penal effectiveness. Based on this determination, the law and the relevant regulations and related legislation need to be rearranged in order to prevent consumer grievances in terms of gemstones.
Keywords: Gems (Jewelry stones), Gemology, Gems’ mining, Gems’ bourse-trading, Gems’ law.

2025, F. Massa, M. Attali, C. Bridel, D. Cellamare, G. Spampinato (éds), Religions et interactions religieuses dans l'Empire Romain tardo-antique, Schwabe Verlag, Bâle

Comment peut-on approcher les interactions religieuses de l’Antiquité tardive ? Les intailles astrologico-magiques, tout comme les textes des lapidaires, constituent un terrain d’analyse privilégié pour observer la manière dont des éléments issus de cultures diverses interagissent au sein des intailles dans le but d’en accroître l’efficacité

2025, Palazzo Belgioioso d'Este Alberico XII e le Arti a Milano tra Sette e Ottocento a cura di Jessica Gritti e Alessandra Squizzato

con il contributo e la collaborazione dello studio legale Gianni, Origoni, Grippo, Cappelli & Partners e del suo co-fondatore Gian Battista Origoni della Croce con il contributo di

2025

Gabriella Tassinari, "Gems in Greece, Egypt and Near East, Souvenirs of the Grand Tour: a Manuscript of Sir Richard Worsley", in E. M. Günther, S. Günther, E. Lafli and N. Serwint (eds.), "GLYPTICA. Current Studies on Ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine Engraved Gems" (Alter Orient und Altes Testament; 474), Tecklenburg, Ugarit-Verlag, 2025, pp. 549-588

2025

Magical gems, also called Gnostic gems, are dated mainly to the 1st-3rd century. The depic-tions, symbols and inscriptions on them often refer to Gnosticism, a religious-philosophical current very popular in that period. The relics discussed were amulets. The syncretic icon-ographic solutions as well as the words and inscriptions on them were of great importance. Voces magicae, the names of gods, and also words unintelligible in any language frequent-ly appear. In order to maintain secrecy they were often written in code and clandestine names were used. To reach god, it was necessary to overstep the rules of ordinary lan-guage. Similarly to the Egyptian or Gnostic tradition, in Greco-Roman magic it was be-lieved that words and names had power. On gems, just as in magical papyri or on magical tablets the so-called charakteres were also used, i.e. symbols inspired by shapes of the Greek, or less frequently the Semitic, alphabet used by magi, astrologists and Gnostics. The kinds of dep...

2025

It’s our purpose to describe, classify and date this roman ring and make the iconographic and symbolic study of the engraved motif on the gem set on it.

2025, ΣΧΟΛΗ 19.1 (2025) 533-550

A Persian-Early Hellenistic glass intaglio with the portrait of Silenus was found in Galilee some years ago. Except for the testimony of the spread of Dionysiac cults in the Syro-Palaestinian region during such an early period, the... more

2025, Gemmology Today

This article chronicles practical use of magnets in the identification and separation of gemstones based on their magnetic properties. The narrative explores how a simple idea—testing gems with a neodymium magnet—led to the development of a novel and accessible tool for gem identification. Feral’s experiments revealed that many gem species exhibit measurable magnetic responses due to trace paramagnetic elements such as iron and manganese. The article discusses key milestones in the process, including the adaptation of rare-earth magnets, the identification of diagnostic magnetic behaviors, and the formulation of comparative susceptibility tests. Through empirical testing and systematic observation, Feral established a new, non-destructive method for distinguishing between visually similar gems, particularly in the garnet group and among synthetic/natural analogs. This work represents a significant contribution to the field of gemology, offering a low-cost, field-portable alternative to more complex instruments.

2025, GLYPTICA: Current Studies on Ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine Engraved Gems Alter Orient und Altes Testament Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments Band 474 Herausgeber

In the eastern part of Fthiotida prefecture, in Pelasgia beach, and more specifically at the southern foot of Agios Konstantinos hill, the excavation brought to light a cemetery of the Hellenistic and Roman period inside a ruined unknown city of classical times. In a cist grave with many burials and use from the middle of the 1st to the middle of the 3rd century AD, an object with strong magical symbolism was found. It is an inscribed semi-precious stone – amulet, in which Χνούμις (Chnoumis) is represented.

2025, Journal of African Earth Sciences

... or translucent appearance, have been reported as being of both metamorphic and hydrothermal origin ([Hass, 1972], [Keller, 1978], [Hill, 1979], [Klug and Farkas, 1981], [Hemingway et al., 1989], [Tsuchida and Kodaira, 1990], [Mao et... more

2025, e-ISBN: 978-605-66178-7-4

The teaching of the craft of jewelry making, which has been going on for over six hundred years in Anatolian lands and in which only men and a large proportion of non-Muslims participated, was started for the first time in Turkish universities as an associate degree (academician-student related) course within Dokuz Eylul University, in the 1983-84 academic year, with opportunities that would provide equal opportunities for both men and women, of all religions and races. To this day, this model teaching continues under different names at the associate, undergraduate and graduate levels of many universities. The main purpose and framework of this training was to reveal the talents of men and women from all walks of life in society, and to pave the way for the production of jewelry and ornaments with a design dimension in which legends and events in human lives can be embodied, using approximately 45 kinds of gemstones (jewelry stones) that have been formed in Anatolian lands throughout geological time and whose values can be expressed in billions of liras, together with noble metals such as gold and silver. The vocational-craft teaching model applied in university classes and workshops, which has been going on for about 40 years, is unfortunately exposed to a tremendous erosion of students due to the worsening economic conditions after the pandemic, both the inability to purchase new technological devices for vocational workshops and the economic difficulties in financing basic expenses such as accommodation, transportation and food and beverages for students coming from other cities and rural areas. Even if there are advantages and conveniences provided by digital transformation (distance education, zoom meetings, etc.), preventing this erosion necessitates the development of hybrid vocational education models that are both on-campus, distance, regional and on-site, instead of only on-campus vocational education models. This study is the development of a rural gemological-vocational education and rural jewelry-artisanal production model within the scope of attracting the attention of local administrators as a vocational training development approach in rural development and encouraging people living in districts to acquire a profession and to produce by utilizing the gemstone deposits in their surroundings, apart from their agricultural activities. In addition, it aims to create an exemplary rural development teaching model that can be hybrid for rural settlement areas located near numerous gemstone fields throughout Turkiye [Çubuk-Ankara (agate stone), Sarıcakaya-Eskişehir (chalcedony stone), Dursunbey-Balıkesir (amethyst stone), Şaphane-Kütahya (fire opal stone), Yatağan-Muğla (sapphire and diaspore stones), Kavaklıdere-Muğla (topaz and diaspore stones), Sorgun-Yozgat (tourmaline stone), Bayat-Afyon (chalcedony stone), Seydiler-Afyon (opal stone), etc.]. Thus, it will be ensured that low-income people of all ages and genders in the region will be taught how to process natural industrial raw materials into gemstones (in facet and cabochon cuts) and subsequently, vocational training in the field of jewelry will be provided in a practical manner by combining finished products with precious metals (gold, silver, platinum). For this model to be effective, of course, it will not be enough to convey only theoretical information. Subsequently, this model education process should be supported with interactive learning methods such as gemstone field trips, practical lapidary and jewelry workshops, and digital simulations showing processing techniques. The most important advantage of this model is that students benefit from family environment opportunities without spending extra money and without needing additional money for basic expenses such as accommodation, transportation and food and beverages. If this modeling is put into practice, in the short term, the rural gemological-vocational training and rural jewelry-artisanal production model will be announced to the people of the district and the economic advantages of acquiring a profession will be explained. In the long term, workshops can be established as a home business by providing tools and equipment to process gemstones in the region where they are located with the help of rural development funds to every household that wants them. This situation can change the unfortunate fate of the regions where agricultural employment is decreasing and therefore forced to migrate to other regions, in terms of being a social project that can both create profitable job opportunities for rural people and increase their economic welfare by providing free vocational education and training services in handicrafts to farmer children in rural districts. In this context, public institutions in rural areas, regional universities and private sector organizations in the region can be encouraged to develop a strong cooperation model among themselves in order to integrate education policies into rural development and to include local people in the process.

E. Klenina, A. B. Biernacki, Roman Rings with Engraved Gems from Novae (Moesia Inferior) and its Vicinity in: E. Günther, S. Günther, E. Laflı, N. Serwint (eds.), GLYPTICA. Current Studies on Ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine Gems, Ugarit Verlag, Tecklenburg 2025 (AOAT 474), p.277-300

2025, GLYPTICA. Current Studies on Ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine Gems, Tecklenburg: Ugarit Verlag, 2025 (Alter Orient und Altes Testament; 474)

2025, Serio Ludere : Comprendre les cultures antique par le jeu. Mélanges en l'honneur de Véronique Dasen

The present study looks at a Late Antique stone amulet recently unearthed in the Polish excavations at Nea Paphos in Cyprus. Although the piece has received considerable scholarly attention in the past few years, its depiction is usually dismissed as unskilled, irregular and incoherent. Re-examining the amulet in the context of two related object groups: magical
gems and Late Antique stone amulets, we will argue for a contrary assessment of the piece and attempt to outline a profile of its creator.

2025, GLYPTICA: Current Studies on Ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine Engraved Gems

The subject of this paper is an unpublished Roman gemstone made of carnelian, recently discovered in the western outskirts of Rome (at the thirteenth kilometer of the modern via Aurelia) where an extensive necropolis had existed. The gem is carved with Tyche/Fortuna depicted standing with a cornucopia and rudder. Originally, this iconographic style began to appear sporadically in Republican coinage and then spread especially starting from the second century AD, and appeared in glyptic. The paper aims to study the engraving of Tyche/Fortuna in gems, through description and comparison with intaglios coming from archaeological contexts and museum collections in the eastern and western Mediterranean that have already been thoroughly studied from historical and artistic standpoints.

2025, Palazzo Belgioioso d’Este. Alberico XII e le Arti a Milano tra Sette e Ottocento

con il contributo e la collaborazione dello studio legale Gianni, Origoni, Grippo, Cappelli & Partners e del suo co-fondatore Gian Battista Origoni della Croce con il contributo di

2025, Elisabeth Günther, Sven Günther, Ergün Laflı and Nancy Serwint (eds.), Glyptica. Current studies on ancient Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine engraved gems, Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments 474 (Tecklenburg: U...

An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that has been carved. In the ancient Greek and Roman tradition, a gem normally bears images and/or inscriptions, often with a figure on... more

2025, Una quae est omnia (?) Ancient universal religions between locality and supra-regionality with specific emphasis on the example of the Isis and Osiris cults

The main goal of this poster presentation is to showcase the interpretation of post-antique Harpocrates gems and their illustrations in various modern publications since the Renaissance.
The solar child depicted on the lotus transformed into Harpocrates in modern research, along with other Egyptian child gods, because Renaissance scholars based their interpretation of this figure on the (incorrect) chapter (68) of Plutarch’s De Iside et Osiride. Due to the gesture of raising a hand to the mouth—an expression that, for the Egyptians, referred to the natural habits of children and served as a common attribute of Egyptian child deities—Harpocrates, in Plutarch’s account, was seen as the keeper of secret knowledge.
During and after the Renaissance, he became a central figure in (pseudo-)mystery religions, and this aspect also played a significant role within Freemasonry. For example, in this secret group, Horus, the son of Isis and Osiris, is consecrated as the god of silence “on the day of discovery.” Secrecy is one of the highest Masonic principles, which is extensively addressed in Mozart’s Zauberflöte. Moreover, some lodges even bear Harpocrates in their name. Thus, this concept became widespread in modern times, with magical gems being no exception.
This aspect of silence often appears in the works of several polymaths and antiquarians from the Renaissance era onward, who often reference the aforementioned chapter of Plutarch when discussing Egyptian hieroglyphs (‘Hieroglyphica’). This was the birth of Egyptomania, preceding the emergence of Egyptology as a formal discipline and the deciphering of hieroglyphs. Horus-Harpocrates, the son of Isis and Osiris, often appears on postmodern casts and drawings of magical gems—objects that excellently illustrate the processes unfolding in modern research.
These gems were incorporated into collections both before and after the Renaissance and remain a topic of interdisciplinary scholarly discussion today. The exchange of ideas and motifs among authors over the centuries is evident in their works, where they adapted and expanded upon each other’s theories. During this period, fantastical illustrations of Zaubergemmen, inspired by ancient artifacts but reinterpreted by modern researchers, were produced. New gems were created using casts and illustrations adopted by other polymaths and antiquarians, resulting in post-antique compositions that enriched these collections with contemporary objects.
To sum up, this presentation examines the historical context of post-antique Harpocrates gems and traces the evolution of their scholarly analysis from the Renaissance to today.
A supplementary booklet with detailed (modern) illustrations of Harpocrates depictions will also be available to attendees, including a section dedicated to Horus-Harpocrates as an embodiment of silence and a protector of secret knowledge, as well as the child deity of the Osirian triad.

2025, Una quae est omnia (?) Ancient universal religions between locality and supra-regionality with specific emphasis on the example of the Isis and Osiris cults

2025, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 474

These are the proceedings of the online conference held on 13th/14th May 2021 in Izmir, Turkey. The goal of both the conference and the publication of the papers presented was/is to create an analytical framework for understanding Greek... more

2025, A. Masson-Berghoff, O. Croker, A. Watson Jones and C. Wagner, 'Recovering objects and our collection history', British Museum Magazine (2025)

On Charles Townley's gem collection, Le Baron d'Hancarville's unpublished gem catalogue, and, artistic and academic interpretations of Greek mythology. A little gem produced by the Recovery project research at the British Museum.

2025, British Museum Members Magazine

2025, Angustia 24

In 1994, within the village Nichiteni, commune Coțușca (Botoșani county), an onix cameo engraved with the image of Gorgo Medusa was discovered. Based on stylistic details and analogies, it can be framed chronologically in the period of the 3rd century AD, being certainly a product of the workshops of the Roman Empire, which operated during this period. From a stylistic point of view, the object belongs to type II and to Popović variant 3 in the typology dedicated to this class of intaglios. It is currently in the deposits of the Botoșani County Museum.

2025, Contrebis

This article describes the life and collections of Corbyn Barrow, a lesser-known member of a large Lancaster Quaker family. Details of his life are patchy, but what we can reconstruct of his coin collection and library shows a man of... more

2025, Μάρτυρι μύθῳ Poésie, histoire et société aux époques imp ériale et tardive Actes du colloque international Paris, Sorbonne Université, 8-10 septembre 2022

Version française : Un important passage des Lithica est consacré à la « pierre liparée », autre nom de l’obsidienne, et à ses usages magiques : dans un long développement sont décrites d’abord les vertus d’une pierre capable d’attirer... more

2025, 3rd workshop on Women in the Archaeology of Greece The Great Women behind the Great Men. Tribute to Maria Ludwika Bernhard

‘I only trust my wife’. This would have been Louis Robert’s response to a proposal that he should delegate the publication of the inscriptions to a number of young students. Often regarded as the founding father of Greek epigraphy, Louis Robert made a major contribution to the development of this discipline and is said to have written on almost all Greek inscriptions. From the time of their initial encounter in the rooms of the École Pratique des Hautes Études in 1934 until his demise, Jeanne Robert, née Vanseveren, never left Louis Robert’s side, first as his student, then as his wife and faithful collaborator, and finally as curator of the Fonds Louis Robert.
Since Jeanne Vanseveren’s arrival at his lectures, L. Robert had not failed to observe the student’s proficiency in Greek epigraphy and her enthusiasm, as evidenced by the republication of a foundation from Ilion, her very first article. It was probably at his encouragement that she tried to gain admission to the French School in Athens, where he himself had been a member in 1931. However, she was met with serious opposition from the director and was not admitted. In 1936, she was nevertheless awarded a mobility grant from the Fondation Jules Delamarre, which enabled her to undertake fieldwork research in the Greek islands. She also began editing the corpus of inscriptions from Halicarnassus.
Her marriage to Louis Robert in 1938 seems to have interrupted this personal research. From then on, Jeanne took her husband’s surname, thereby establishing a profound and indivisible connection between her future and scientific endeavours and those of her husband. Throughout their life together, she accompanied him on his missions, particularly in Asia Minor, and assisted him with his knowledge of Turkish and his research.
Behind the couple’s colossal number of publications, especially those of the Bulletin épigraphique, sometimes signed by J. and L. Robert, sometimes by L. Robert alone, lies a meticulous work of indexing and preliminary research, often carried out by Jeanne. Following her husband’s demise in 1985, Jeanne Robert assumed a significant role in the administration of his archives, bequeathed to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
Although her commitment has been acknowledged to some extent after her death, her scientific role has often been overshadowed by that of her husband. The numerous articles dedicated to Louis Robert and his contributions to epigraphy generally acknowledge Jeanne’s help, but rarely highlight the significant role played by this researcher, who sacrificed her own academic career to support her husband and thus remained in his shadow until her death in 2002.
The purpose of this paper is therefore to acknowledge Jeanne Robert’s own contribution to the field of Greek archaeology and epigraphy, and to shed light on her role in the research partnership she shared with her husband.

2025

CROM the earliest ages jewels have powerfully * attracted mankind, and the treatment of precious stones and the precious metals in which they are set, often serves as important evidence, not only concerning the art of early times and peoples, but also concerning their manners and customs. Jewels have been the gifts and ransoms of kings, the causes of devastating wars, of the overthrow of dynasties, of regicides, of notorious thefts, and of innumerable crimes of violence. The known history of some existent famous gems covers more years than the story of some modern nations. Around the flashing Kohinoor and its compeers cluster world-famous legends, not less fascinating to the general A Book of Precious Stones reader who loves the strange and romantic, than to the antiquary or the historian or the scientist. These tales of fact or fiction are fascinating in part, because they associate with the gems fair women whose names have become synonymous with whatever is beautiful and beguiling in the sex. In the mind of the lowest savage, as in the thought of man in his highest degree of civilisation, personal adornment has always oc- cupied a prominent place, and for such adorn- ment gems are most prized. The symbolism and sentiment of the precious and semi-precious stones, and precious metals, permeate literature. Jewels have their place in the descriptions of heaven in the sacred writings of almost every people that has attained to a written language. So wide and so interesting is the subject of precious stones and precious metals, their artistic treatment apart and combined, their im- portance in society, commerce, and the arts, their part in the wealth of individuals and nations, that it is in a high degree remarkable that, comparatively speaking, so few books have been written about them. Geology and mineralogy are the names of the sciences that concern themselves with minerals -among them gems-in the rough; metallurgy Gems and Jewelry 3 is the name of the science that has to do with metals ; " gemology " is a word sometimes used to describe the branch of art or of the crafts that deals with gems which have passed through the hands of the diamond cutter or the lapidary. The general reader resents the disposi- tion of scientific writers to indulge in technical terminology, though the steady development of popular interest in pure science has in some measure reconciled the reading masses to a sparing and judicious use of the technical terms of specialists. Scientific hobbies are nowadays common; some take to mineralogy, some to botany, some to entomology. So far as popularity is con- cerned, the scientific study of gems is, as com- pared with the studies above named, at a disadvantage. The novice adventuring into the study of nature is apt to be attracted by life and action, and his attention won by the forms that are most beautiful, as birds, butterflies, or wildflowers. Sometimes the adaptability of specimens to photography weighs heavily in the scale of choice, or, perhaps, the ease with which they can be preserved with their natural bril- liancy of colouring as in the case of moths, beetles, or the leaves of forest trees. The Classifications of Stones ii I. The Pearl stands pre-eminent. It is true that this substance, being the product of a mollusc or shell-flsh, is not strictly a mineral. It is, however, so intimately related in many ways with the family of true precious stones that it properly claims a place in any classification such as that under dis- cussion. II. In the second class, and therefore at the head of the group of Precious Stones proper, stands beyond all doubt the Ruby. Then comes the Diamond. Many readers may be surprised to find the Diamond taking so subordinate a rank ; but the time has gone by when this stone could claim a supreme position in the market. At the present day, the Jagersfontein Mine, in South Africa, produces Diamonds of pure water rivalling the finest stones that were ever brought to light from mines of India or of Brazil. IV. In the fourth class comes first the Emerald, then the Sapphire, next the Oriental Gat's-Eye, and afterwards the Precious Opal. V. In the fifth class may be placed such stones as the Alexandrite, the Jacinth, the Oriental Onyx, the Peridot, the Topaz, and the Zircon. Some of these, especially the Alexandrite, are so beautiful that they deserve a more extended use in the arts of jewelry than they enjoy at present. After these stones comes another class, which may be called the group of Semi-precious Stones. Many of these either lack transparency, or possess it in only very limited degree; while those which are pellucid are too common to command more than a trivial value. Such stones are frequently used for inlaid work, or similar ornamental purposes. A Book of Precious Stones of turquoise, silica is a prominent constituent of all these stones. Value usually not very great; only fine specimens of a few members of the group (cordierite, chrysolite, turquoise) have any considerable value. Specimens worth cutting of comparatively rare occurrence, others fairly frequent. 11. Cordierite 16. Staurolite 12. Idocrase 17. Andalusite 13. Chrysolite 18. Chiastolite 14. Axinite 19. Epidote 15. Kyanite 20. Turquoise 2. These have some or all of the distinguishing characters of precious stones, but to a less marked degree. D. Gems of the Fourth Bank Hardness, 4-7. Specific gravity 2-3 (with the exception of amber). Colour and lustre are frequently prominent features. Not as a rule perfectly transparent: often translucent, or translucent at the edges only. Wide distribution. Value, as a rule, small. 21. Quartz a. Rock-Orystal A. Crystallised quartz b. Amethyst Classifications of Stones IS c. Common Quartz d. Prase e. Aventurine f. Cat's-Bye g. Rose-Quartz B. Chalcedony a. Chalcedony b. Agate (with onyx) c. Carnelian d. Plasma e. Heliotrope f. Jasper g. Chrysoprase C. Opal a. Fire-Opal b. Semi-Opal c. Hydrophane d. Cacholong e. Jasper-Opal f. Common-Opal 22. Feldspar a. Adularia b. Amazon-Stone 23. Labradorite 24. Obsidian 25. Lapis-lazuli 26. Haiiynite 27. Hypersthene 28. Diopside 29. Fluor-spar 30. Amber E. Gems of the Fifth RanJc Hardness and specific gravity very variable. Colour almost always dull. Never transparent. Low degree of lustre. Value very insignificant, and usually dependent upon the work bestowed upon them. These stones, as well as many of the preceding group, are not faceted, but worked by the ordinary lapidary in the large stone- cutting works.

2025

Gabriella TASSINARI, « Gem market of Izmir during the 19th century », in Archaeology of Western Anatolia, vol. 1 (2025), pp. 1-22

2025, Херсонесский сборник

В собрание отдела археологических памятников Исторического музея входит коллекция произведений глиптики из раскопок Херсонеса Таврического. Часть предметов публикуется впервые. Описанные в работе геммы представляют собой прекрасные образцы камнерезного искусства первых веков нашей эры. Памятники подобного типа не только могут быть основой для датировки, но и отражают вкусовые предпочтения жителей Херсонеса в I в. до н. э. – III в. н. э., а также являются еще одним подтверждением тесных связей античного города с Римской
империей = The collection of the Department of Archaeological Monuments of the Historical Museum includes the works of glyptic art
from the excavations of Tauric Chersonesos. Some items are published for the first time. The paper provides information on the engraved gems, which are excellent examples of stone-cutting art of the first centuries AD. Monuments of this type can not only serve as a basis for dating, but also express personal preferences of the inhabitants of Chersonesos in the 1st century BC – 3rd century AD. They also confirm the existence of the close ties between the ancient city and the Roman Empire.

2025, Zerbster Heimatkalender 2010

Seit 1843 bereicherten zahlreiche Schenkungen von Friedrich von Schardius die Bibliothek des Francisceums in Zerbst, meist kostbare Bücher. 1853 erhielt die Bibliothek von ihm andere, besonders anschauliche Objekte: 426 Gemmenabdrücke und Glaspasten. Der Konservator des ägyptischen und des numismatischen Museums der Akademie der Wissenschaften und des Münz-und Antiken-Kabinetts der Eremitage in St. Petersburg vermachte der Bibliothek mit diesem Geschenk ein hochinteressantes und ganz besonderes Anschauungsmaterial: Abdrücke und Reproduktionen von Gemmen. 1 Gemmen sind winzige Kunstwerke aus Halbedelsteinen wie Achat, Carneol oder Sardonyx, in deren Oberfläche die Künstler ein Relief eingravieren. Arbeitet der Steinschneider das Relief vertieft, wie es für einen Siegelabdruck 1 Friedrich von Schardius hatte außerdem die Position eines Archivars der Akademie der Wissenschaften inne. Kasten I

2025, Nicolaus Copernicus in the Culture of Memory. Sedimentation of Knowledge

Copernicus is linked with marketing activity using his presence in the contemporary space of Toruń and Olsztyn and the socio-cultural practices of the inhabitants of these cities. Place marketing involves campaigns run by official... more

2025, Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies

In 1857, the French artist Charles Cournault published a plea for a French mission to Persepolis. The aim
of the mission was to obtain examples of relief sculpture, like those he had seen in the British Museum, for the
Louvre Museum. Believing that Achaemenid art deserved as much attention as Assyrian, Greek and Roman art,
Cournault urged the government to undertake the mission and felt certain that it would be aided by the efforts of
the Iranian diplomat Farrokh Khan who was, at the time, in France. Franco-Iranian relations having never been
better, Cournault believed the time was right for a concerted effort to obtain diagnostic Persepolitan sculptures for
the purpose of educating the public. If France did not pursue this goal, he felt certain that other powers would do
so. Cournault displayed a reverence for ancient Achaemenid art and sought to promote its qualities to an audience
accustomed to viewing Greek, Roman and, more recently, Assyrian art as the greatest of all early human artistic
traditions.

2025

Among its numerous and rich collections, the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb holds a valuable collection of engraved gems. Out of 415 gems from the collection which are analysed in this work, most are dated to the Roman period (386),... more

2025, Phoenix 76 (2022) [2023] Toronto

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, : Europäische Regelsysteme des Klassischen . Regensburger Klassikstudien .

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025

Columelle, De re rustica, II, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, Rome Le thème du séminaire 2025 se donne pour but de questionner les rapports entre les textes et les diverses techniques développées par les Anciens. Le terme « technique » est à comprendre dans un sens large, celui du terme τέχνη/ars, englobant des formes de savoir aussi variées que la poésie, la rhétorique, le théâtre, la métallurgie, l'architecture, la céramique, la peinture, la menuiserie, la cuisine, l'agronomie, l'interprétation des rêves, la botanique, la médecine, la divination, le droit, les mathématiques…

2025, JEWELLERY AND MATERIAL CULTURE, Collected articles Issue 8, Saint Petersburg The State Hermitage Publishers

In the nineteenth – twentieth century, a belt was an integral
part of the Armenian national consume. Various precious
metals were used in belt manufacturing, and their decoration represented a variety of techniques: granulation,
engraving, gilding, niello and filigree. It were buckles that
indicated whether the belt belonged to a man or a woman.
They were quite diverse in terms of shape. For instance,
longitudinally cut cylinder-shaped pieces were attached to
men’s waist belts.
Such jewellery items are displayed in museums all over
the world. In the course of her research, the author has discovered a gilded silver belt in the State Hermitage Museum
collection, the North Caucasus being indicated as the place
of its creation on the museum’s website. The piece consists
of a saddle-shaped buckle and rectangular ornamental
plates. Each plate has a rosette in the centre, connected to
the corners of the composition by a foliate ornament, while the space around it is filled with grains. The joints of the
plates are decorated with an ornament of three bell-shaped
flowers in a vase. The lower edge of the belt is adorned
with filigree. Interestingly, a crown, with a stylised ribbon
beneath, is engraved on the buckle. On the crown’s hoop,
there are round and diamond-shaped decorative elements.
While studying Armenian museum collections, the author identified belts with a similar buckle ornamentation
featuring a crown and a ribbon. Such ‘crowned’ items were
presumably created for high-ranking individuals by special
order. On the basis of the technical and stylistic characteristics, it can be assumed that the belt from the Hermitage
collection was created by an Armenian craftsman from Tiflis
or Akhaltsikhe in the early twentieth century. Other versions
of crown belts might have been produced as well. Images of
various crowns could be often found on aristocratic coats of
arms, and silversmiths undoubtedly used them as prototypes.

2025

Η εργασία «Λευκές ληκύθοι από την Ερέτρια» εξετάζει ένα από τα πλέον χαρακτηριστικά ταφικά αγγεία της κλασικής περιόδου, επικεντρώνοντας στη χρήση, την τεχνική κατασκευή, την εικονογραφία και τη λειτουργία τους στον ερετριακό χώρο. Οι... more

2025, Archeo, n. 480 - febbraio

NEL 1698 IL CARDINALE GIROLAMO CASANATE DESTINÒ GRAN PARTE DELLE SUE SOSTANZE AI PADRI DOMENICANI DEL CONVENTO ROMANO DI S. MARIA SOPRA MINERVA, PONENDO LE BASI PER LA NASCITA DELLA BIBLIOTECA CHE PORTA IL SUO NOME, NELLA QUALE, ACCANTO A... more

2025, АРИСТЕЙ XXX /Aristeas XXX

В статье рассматриваются геммы, обнаруженные в ходе археологических работ на территории античного города Танаис. Изображения Афины, Дедала и Омфалы на резных камнях Танаиса относятся к категории мифологических сюжетов. Под мифологическими сюжетами в глиптике подразумеваются изображения божеств, их атрибутов, фантастических и реальных животных, героев. В данной категории выделяются изображения, которые могут считаться иллюстрацией к тому или иному эпизоду мифа либо литературному произведению на его основе. Были установлены характерные детали иконографии изображенных персонажей и время наибольшей популярности в глиптике указанных сюжетов. Автор отмечает, что перстень с изображением способен стать одним из источников информации об обстановке в регионе, тенденциях эпохи и общественных настроениях.
__
The paper examines gems discovered during archaeological work on the territory of the ancient city of Tanais. The images of Athena, Daedalus and Omphale on the carved stones of Tanais belong to the category of mythological subjects. Mythological subjects in glyptics mean images of deities, their attributes, fantastic and real animals, and heroes. This category highlights images that can be considered an illustration of a particular moment of the myth, or a literary work based on it. The characteristic details of the iconography of the depicted characters and the time of popularity in the glyptics of these subjects were established. The author notes that a ring with an image can become one of the sources of information about the situation in the region, the trends of the era and public sentiment.

2025

In the current paper is presented a synthesis on the cult of Victoria in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior, based on archaeological and epigraphical data. What stands out is the private character of the worship, dedicated to the goddess, and the close connection it had with the military and the administrative elite, represented largely by Romans and migrants from the West. A different picture is revealed by the finds in the hellenized poleis on the Black Sea Coast, where the character of the Roman goddess Victoria is mixed with her Greek counterpart Nike.

2025, «Revue belge de Numismatique et de Sigillographie»

The paper contains some conjectures and textual revisions to the text in Sérieys' edition of the ‘Voyage en l’Italie’ di J.-J. Barthélemy.

2025

Organisers: Sylviane Déderix, Maguelone Bastide, Katarzyna Dudlik, Inga Głuszek, Małgorzata Kajzer, Beata Kukiel-Vraila, Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka & Laureline Pop The third workshop on Women in the Archaeology of Greece, jointly organised... more

2025

Paweł GOŁYŹNIAK, Ulf HANSSON and Hadrien RAMBACH, Philipp von Stosch: Collecting, Drawing, Studying and Publishing Engraved Gems (series Monumenta Graeca et Romana vol. 29), Leiden, Brill, 2025, ISBN 978-90-04-71253-9 (hardback) / ISBN... more