Environmental Analysis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

The performance of two commercially available capillary LC pumps (MicroPro (Eldex, USA), Evolution 200 (ProLab, Switzerland)) generating really splitless gradients in the microliter per minute range was tested in detail concerning their applicability for routine drug discovery. A standard method to study metabolic stability against CYP450 isoform 3A4 was selected. This method was transformed into a fast splitless capillary LC-MS method. Both pumps generated reproducible gradients at flows of 5-10 l/min within 10-15 min. Although gradient formation of the MicroPro system was very reproducible, its equilibration time was too long for fast gradients around 5 l/min. The Evolution 200 pump offered a good performance with 180 m i.d. columns at a flow rate of 6 l/min. The precision of the retention time of the internal standard (ISTD) varied between 1.4 and 3.4% (n = 131-152, three different columns tested). Up to 800 injections of sufficient performance on one column and a stable enough response of the ISTD for 16 h sequence duration were obtained. Accuracy between 95 and 105% and precision ≤8.4% for 1 -hydroxylated midozolam were reached. The IC 50 values of the miniaturized assay (drug candidate BAL4815 1.7 ± 0.5, itraconazole 0.46 ± 0.06, and ketoconazole 0.12 ± 0.01 M) agreed well with those of the conventional approach. Details concerning method optimization and limitations in operation are discussed in detail. Still, the overall performance of the capillary LC pumps cannot cope completely with that of conventional HPLC pumps in terms of user-friendliness.

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

2025, Chemické listy

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are being utilized in an ever-expanding number of applications ranging from scientific research to industrial processes. Increasing nanoparticle emissions in the environment have become of public and academic concern. Since the effects of AuNP on human health are not fully understood, the accumulation of reliable and detailed data is critical for the assessment of their potential risk of harm to humanity. Even their concentrations in natural and engineered water systems do not belong to commonly published data. To obtain such information, the environmental chemists use various sophisticated analytical methods that are often very expensive. Therefore, this paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods to quantify the ultratrace concentrations of AuNP in complex aqueous matrices. Both types of extraction proce...

2025, Frontiers in Sustainability

Solid waste management (SWM) is central to any nation experiencing rapid expansion via urbanization, migration, and population growth. Waste management is crucial in every country since it can directly affect people's health and the environment. For example, cholera outbreaks in some developing countries like Nigeria are common in congested areas, especially during the particular season. Therefore, efficient and effective Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is necessary. This study developed a mixed-integer optimization model for MSW of Kano State Nigeria. The model optimizes the total cost of SWM, which includes the cost of transporting different types of waste between other locations plus the fixed cost of establishing and maintaining/operating some facilities. The analysis further reveals that the government should establish 20 standard collection centers having a capacity of 60 tons. With one combusting and hazardous centers each having capacity of 391 and 81 tons, respe...

2025

New remote sensing platforms and data programs have dramatically increased the availability of satellite image data for analysis of climate, agriculture, environment and society. Particularly important new sensor systems include the USA's MODIS system, Brazil and China's CBER platform, and India's IRS satellite. These and other systems have created considerable benefits to the international community of remote sensing analysts. Today, we have more data with greater options regarding spatial, radiometric and temporal resolution. While having these greater options is a positive development, substantial problems remain in acquiring and managing large data volumes. Data providers and consumers must support significant costs in copying remote sensing data to tapes and disks. Internet transfer of satellite imagery is only possible on broadband networks. Even then, download times can be considerable. Downloads may be interrupted if the Internet connections are unstable. How can we improve the acquisition of large volumes of remote sensing data for environmental analysis? What alternatives are available to remote sensing researchers to acquire near-real time satellite imagery for research use? This paper assesses the potential of high-speed Internet as a medium for transferring large satellite imagery data sets between the United States and Colombia, between Colombia and other Latin American countries and within Colombia. Academic and research networks have led developments in high-speed Internet. Many countries throughout the world are installing the infrastructure needed to develop these networks. In the United States this system is referred to as Internet 2. Latin American countries are developing a system called RedCLARA (Cooperación Latinoamericana de Redes Avanzadas). In January 2006, Colombia launched the National Advanced Academic and Technology Network (RENATA). Our analysis examines the potential of this network for utilizing satellite imagery for research purposes. We assess download times for transferring data. We compare the efficiency of high speed networks to normal broadband and to other forms of transferring satellite data transfer. Our analysis also considers how high speed networks can facilitate image browsing before users decide to download the data. Our analysis suggests that Colombia and Latin America's recent development of high speed Internet for universities and advanced research institutes has great potential for improving the efficiency of use of remotely sensed imagery.

2025, Journal of GIS in Archaeology, Volume I

Environmental parameters were investigated at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B.village of Beidha, within the World Heritage Site of Petra, in Southern Jordan, by (1) analysis of satellite and aerial remote sensing imagery, including those generated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by the NASA Space Shuttle Endeavor, (2) fieldwork during which geologic features and soils were studied and analyzed, (3) interviews with local populations, and (4) review of previous studies of the environment including the distribution of plant and animal species domesticated by the Pre-Pottery Neolithic inhabitants of Beidha.

2025

do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). 1. Desenvolvimento rural. 2. Recuperação da mata ciliar. 3. Recursos hídricos. I. Casaril, Kérley Braga Pereira Bento. II. UNIOESTE. III. Título. CDD 333.91 Dedico aos meus pais, Geraldo e Jacira, pela paciência e a dedicação aos filhos, a minha filha Lívia e minha esposa Elizia por todo apoio e pela compreensão nas horas que me ausentei para os estudos, e aos meus irmãos Gilmar, Hélcio (in memoriam), Luiz Carlos e Maria Aparecida. Primeiramente agradeço a Deus, por me dar o dom da vida e forças para percorrer os caminhos, por nos dar a capacidade de transformar as dificuldades da vida em desafios para nossa própria superação. À minha filha Lívia, minha fonte de inspiração e minha esposa Elizia sempre companheira e dedicada, apoiadora de todos meus projetos. Aos meus pais Geraldo e Jacira, pela paciência e toda dedicação na educação dos filhos, aos meus irmãos Gilmar, Hélcio (in memoriam), Luiz Carlos e Maria Aparecida. A todos os colegas do mestrado, aos amigos e as amigas que de uma forma ou de outra contribuíram para o meu aprendizado. Ao meu amigo Dieterson, companheiro de estrada e dos estudos, compartilhando as dúvidas e os conhecimentos nos horários de percurso e nos intervalos de aula. Agradeço a UTFPR, ao me possibilitar as saídas para realização das aulas, e aos colegas da Biblioteca, que se organizaram para atender as demandas do departamento, em especial a Mariana que permanecia nas minhas ausências e auxiliava com as normas de citações e referências. À minha orientadora Drª. Kérley, por me orientar, ajudar e acreditar nesta pesquisa desafiadora. Aos meus coorientadores Drº. Nardel e a Drª. Irene, pelas preciosas sugestões e contribuições para realização desta pesquisa. Aos Professores da banca examinadora, pela sua disponibilidade, ajuda e pelas valiosas sugestões. A todos os docentes que fazem parte do Programa DRS, principalmente aos que contribuíram de alguma forma para minha formação. A Secretaria Assistente do Programa DRS Lizete Maria Eckstein Fredo, pela paciência e a dedicação com os discentes, sempre nos orientando nas dúvidas com os documentos e prazos. Aos proprietários rurais da microbacia Sanga Mandaguari, que me receberam em suas propriedades e colaboraram com a pesquisa fornecendo os dados, informações e as imagens antigas para esta pesquisa. Aos Gestores Ambientais do município, o Técnico Agropecuário e responsável pela EMATER/PR local Gerson Osni Bertolini, pela paciência ao me receber no escritório as vezes que precisei coletar dados, informações e imagens antigas do processo de recuperação ambiental da microbacia e o Secretário municipal de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Turismo e Meio Ambiente, Irineu Groeler pelas informações fornecidas durante a entrevista. Agradeço a preocupação e compromisso de ambos com a recuperação e a preservação ambiental no município de Ouro Verde do Oeste -PR. "Numa praia tranquila, junto a uma colônia de pescadores, morava um escritor". Todas as manhãs, ele passeava pela praia, olhando as ondas. Assim ele se inspirava e, à tarde, ficava em casa, escrevendo. Um dia, caminhando pela areia, ele observou um vulto que parecia dançar. Chegou mais perto e viu que era um jovem pegando, na areia, as estrelasdo-mar, uma por uma e jogando-as depois de volta ao oceano. -E aí? -Disse-lhe o jovem num sorriso, sem parar o que fazia. -Por que você está fazendo isso? -Perguntou o escritor, furioso. -Não vê que a maré baixou e o Sol está brilhando forte? Se estas estrelas ficarem aqui na areia vão secar ao sol e morrer! O escritor até que achou bonita e louvável a intenção do garoto, mas deu um sorriso cético e comentou: -Só que existem milhares de quilômetros de praias por este mundo afora, meu caro. Centenas de milhares de estrelas-do-mar devem estar espalhadas por todas essas praias, trazidas pelas ondas. Você aqui, jogando umas poucas de volta ao oceano, que diferença faz? -Pra esta, eu fiz diferença" (RIBEIRO, 1997).

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

A review concerning the determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables is presented. The basic principles and recent developments in the extraction and quantitation of pesticides are discussed. Consideration is given to solid... more

2025, Analytica Chimica Acta

Due to high cost of certified reference materials (CRMs), reference materials (RMs) are preferred to check the method performance in environmental analysis. In this work, a laboratory reference material (LRM) was prepared and characterised to carry out the quality control in monitoring analysis of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nine trace metals in mussel tissue. Mussels were collected in a naturally polluted area. Before the reference material was bottled, the mussel tissue was stabilised by freeze-drying, ground and sieved. For the material characterisation, several statistical tests were applied to check the homogeneity of the analytes in the tissue, and a stability test was performed to study the effect of the storage temperature in the analyte concentration. Other characteristics such as specific density, moisture and lipid contents as well as particle size distribution of the material were determined. Although the LRM had a homogeneous distribution for all PAHs and almost all metals, the stability study showed different results at both storage temperatures studied. For both PAHs and trace metals, the material was suitable to assure the quality control of the analysis.

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

A method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air of class-100 clean rooms at semiconductor fabrication facilities was developed. Air samples from two semiconductor factories were collected each hour on multisorbent tubes (including Carbopack B, Carbopack C, and Carbosieve SIII) with a 24-h automatic active sampling system and analyzed using adsorption / thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Experimental parameters, including thermal desorption temperature, desorption time, and cryofocusing temperature, were optimized. The average recoveries and the method detection limits for the target compounds were in the range 94-101% and 0.31-0.89 ppb, respectively, under the conditions of a 1 L sampling volume and 80% relative humidity. VOCs such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, 2-heptanone, and toluene, which are commonly used in the semiconductor and electronics industries, were detected and accurately quantified with the established method. Temporal variations of the analyte concentrations observed were attributed to the improper use of organic solvents during operation.

2025, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

With GC-MIP-AED as a complementary analytical technique to GC-MS, the reliable identification of many organic pollutants in water samples of the Nitra river has been made possible due to the additional information on the elemental composition of organic pollutants it provides. Some compounds, which have been identified by GC-MS in the scan mode after a MS-library search, can be confirmed by their element responses. Even where the identification of substances cannot be confirmed by their empirical formulas calculated by GC-MIP-AED due to insufficient peak intensities, integration problems or chromatographic interferences, it can be facilitated by the presence of one or more heteroatoms. Quantitative data of selected organic pollutants from GC-MIP-AED screening analysis after compound independent calibration can be obtained more easily than, and in good agreement with, quantitative results provided by target analysis (e.g. GC-MS in the SIM-mode). New self-developed macros are helpful tools for acquiring information on the elemental composition and concentration of organic pollutants analyzed by GC-MIP-AED.

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) fiber is a cost-effective technique for the determination of different pesticide residues in environmental and biological samples followed by a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). In the present study more than 147 water samples collected in and around Lucknow city were analyzed. The method detection limits and recovery percentages were found in the ranges of 0.05-0.20 μg/L and 87.1-95.3% respectively. The average concentration of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in water samples within the city were ranged between 0.258-0.829 μg/L and 0.143-0.294 μg/L respectively. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in highway water samples ranged between 0.261-2.80 μg/L and 0.129-0.53 μg/L. Pyrethroid pesticides were not found in any of the water samples tested. The levels of pesticide residues were compared with their MRL values recommended by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), Government of India (1954).

2025

project-marathonrunning-injuries Ferner, S., et al. "[Reference values of Na (+) and Cl (-) concentrations in adult sweat]." Zeitschrift fur Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane 175.2 (1989): 70-75.

2025, Acta poloniae pharmaceutica

Selected psychotropic drug standards have been chromatographed on RP18, CN and diol layers with a variety of aqueous and nonaqueous mobile phases. The effect of buffers at acidic or basic pH, acetic acid, ammonia and diethylamine (DEA) in aqueous mobile phases on retention, efficiency and peak symmetry was examined. Improved peak symmetry and separation selectivity for investigated compounds were observed when ammonia or DEA were used as mobile phase additives. The effect of diethylamine concentration in aqueous eluents on retention, peak symmetry and theoretical plate number obtained on CN plates was also investigated. Because of the strong retention of these basic drugs on stationary phases bonded on silica matrix, nonaqueous eluents containing medium polar diluents, strongly polar modifiers and silanol blockers (ammonia or diethylamine) were applied. Aqueous and nonaqueous eluent systems with the best selectivity and efficiency were used for separate psychotropic drug standards&#...

2025, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus

Studies concerning mycotoxins involve activities of relevant potential for furthering knowledge in the fields of toxicology and environmental analysis. Using bioanalytical methods (biosensors, histochemistry), the conducted research aims at contributing to raising the awareness of local, national, and international media in relation to the safety of obtaining and processing vegetal and animal foods, by analyzing the possible effects of aflatoxins and ochratoxins, promoting animal health, food hygiene, in view of ensuring animal and human health. The study using laboratory animals (mice) while being part of one of the current national research directions, also holds international priority, by its contribution to a better understanding of several fundamental mechanisms of life at molecular level and to the characterization of certain biological processes that appear in mycotoxicosis.

2025, Atmospheric Research

PM2.5 daily samples were collected at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy (IMAA-CNR) located in Southern Italy (Tito Scalo -Potenza) from 26 June to 11 July 2006. During this period, PM2.5 daily mass concentrations ranged between 2 μg m -3 and 46 μg m -3 with a mean value of 16 μg m -3 and in two cases they were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) short-term (24hour) guideline value of 25 μg m -3 . In particular, these two PM2.5 exceedances were measured on 29 June and 5 July and were found to correspond to PM2.5 mass concentration values of 29 μg m -3 and 46 μg m -3 , respectively. The combined use of model outcomes, satellite observations, PM2.5 chemical composition and mineralogical features were used to identify the PM2.5 exceedance origin. Results revealed that the PM2.5 exceedance measured on 29 June was affected both by local and Saharan dust transport related contributions. In fact, on this day Al, Fe, K, Mg and Ti reached the highest concentration values of the entire sampling period and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analyses revealed the presence of North-African dust related particles such as kaolinite and quartz. The Saharan dust contribution was also estimated and accounted for about 41% of the PM2.5 measured. On 5 July high concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were registered. Moreover, FESEM analyses revealed the presence of a large amount of spherical particles with a rough surface mainly composed of metallic elements (e.g., Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) testifying a prevailing anthropogenic contribution to this PM2.5 exceedance.

2025, International Comparison Program Update

2025, Journal of Maritime Archaeology

In the fall of 2001, staff of the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research were led by river divers to an underwater site in the Apalachicola River containing a large concentration of prehistoric and historic artifacts lying on the riverbed. Subsequent inspection of the submerged river bank and scoured limestone river channel revealed a myriad of objects, which included iron fasteners, metal tools and implements, broken glass bottles, stone projectile points, scattered bricks and stone blocks, and other materials. Discovery of two large fragments of a wooden watercraft, a bayonet, a copper arrowhead, and flintlock gun barrels initially prompted researchers to hypothesize that the site might represent the remains of a U.S. Army boat that was attacked in 1817 by Seminole Indians while en route upriver. The episode, which caused the deaths of more than 30 soldiers and several women who were aboard the boat, led to the First Seminole War and the U.S. Army invasion of Florida. To investigate this hypothesis, a systematic survey of the riverbed was undertaken in the spring of 2002 to record underwater features and recover additional diagnostic artifacts. These activities employed side-scan sonar as well as diver visual investigations. This paper presents a case study of the value and broader significance of C. E. Horrell (&)

2025

The development of solar energy is particular relevant in cities that consume the major part of energy demand. Dense areas limit the incoming sunlight and the deployment of urban solar power plants. Therefore, it is essential to make available tools that model the solar energy accessibility in the urban fabric. Today's availability of 3D information about cities offers the possibility for such modelling, involving a whole procedure from data acquisition from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), also called Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), to the environmental analysis through the image processing of digital urban models. Building roofs, but also potential usable surfaces like car-port or highways roofs and walls are considered for potential energy production. Vertical or building facades, which are particularly interesting for the production of solar energy during the winter months, are becoming more and more promising through the improvement of solar panel efficiency and the innovative concepts of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) and Building Integrated PhotoVoltaics (BiPV) concepts. However, facade modelling for solar analysis is not as explored as for roofs, since it requires much more complex tools based on 3D GIS data. In this framework, the paper introduces a tool for assessing solar radiation and energy production on building rooftops and vertical facades of the inner-city. This integrated tool is based on the use of LiDAR, 2D and 3D cadastral data. The paper first presents the methodological background of the tool, its application in Geneva (solar cadaster available through a Web-based interface customized for the public). Then, it discusses about the opportunities and constraints for making the tool useful for the different stakeholder and practitioners involved in urban, energy and building planning.

2025, Atmospheric Research

A single particle mass spectrometer LAMPAS 2 (Laser Mass Analyzer for Particles in the Airborne State) was combined with an ultrasonic anemometer to provide a measurement system for monitoring environmental substance exchange as caused by emission/deposition of aerosol particles. For this study, 681 mass spectra of detected particles were sorted into groups of similarity by a clustering algorithm leading to five classes of different particle types. Each single mass spectrum was correlated to corresponding anemometer data (vertical wind vector and wind speed) in a time-resolved analysis. Due to sampling constraints time-resolution was limited to 36 s, as a result of transition time distributions through the sampling tube. Vertical particle flow (emission/deposition) was determined for all particles based on these data as acquired during a measuring campaign in Giessen, Germany. For a selected particle class a detailed up-and downwards flow consideration was performed to prove the developed approach. Particle flow of that class was dominated by an emission trend as expected. The presented combination of single-particle mass spectrometry and ultrasonic anemometry provides for the possibility to correlate chemical particle data and wind data in a distinct assignment for the description of turbulent particle behavior near earth surface. Results demonstrate the ability to apply the method to real micrometeorological systems, if sampling issues are properly considered for an intended time resolution.

2025

The majority of electricity produced worldwide is produced by thermal power plants and these power plants have lower efficiency in comparison to other types of power plants, significant energy and exergy losses occur in thermal power plants, so it is important to reduce these losses, enhance plant performance, and protect the environment. The present study provides a thorough energy and exergy analysis of the Erbil Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) using real operation data to give suggestions and recommendation points to enhance overall efficiency. The plant consists of 8 gas turbines, 8 heat recovery units, 2 steam turbines, and 2 condensers. The exergy study findings indicate that the Combustion Chamber (CC) exhibits the highest level of exergy destruction in comparison to the other components of the plant at 74% of the overall exergy losses while the condenser exhibits the highest level of energy losses compared to the other components of the plant at 1043 MW. The power plant efficiency has significantly enhanced with the transition from a gas turbine cycle to a combined cycle, with energy efficiency increasing by 30.2% to 46.1% and exergy efficiency rising by 28.7% to 43.7%. The gas turbine achieved the highest exergy efficiency in the plant, reaching a value of 95.9%. The plant components were negatively influenced by ambient temperature, when it was increased the exergy efficiency of the components decreased. The flue gas had an exergy of 43.2 MW, which is considerably high and may be used again.

2025

Hyphenated techniques combine chromatographic and spectral methods to exploit the advantage of both. Chromatography produces pure or nearly pure fractions of chemical components in a mixture.The development of the pharmaceuticals brought a revolution in human health. Pharmaceuticals would serve their intent only if they are free from impurities and are administered in an appropriate amount. To make drugs serve their purpose various chemical and instrumental methods were developed at regular intervals which are involved in the estimation of drugs.The review of hyphenated technique includes various techniques which are used nowadays for analysis. Chromatographic techniques GC,LCetc., are used for separation and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR,MS,IR used for identification purpose. Pharmaceuticals may develop impurities at various stages of their development, transportation and storage which makes the pharmaceutical risky to be administered thus they must be detected and quantitat...

2025, Biomass and Bioenergy

The energetic and environmental performance of production and distribution of the Brassica carinata biomass crop in Soria (Spain) is analysed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in order to demonstrate the major potential that the crop has in southern Europe as a lignocellulosic fuel for use as a renewable energy source. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) including midpoint impact analysis that was performed shows that the use of fertilizers is the action with the highest impact in six of the 10 environmental categories considered, representing between 51% and 68% of the impact in these categories. The second most important impact is produced when the diesel is used in tractors and transport vehicles which represents between 48% and 77%. The contribution of the B. carinata cropping system to the global warming category is 12.7 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1 biomass produced. Assuming a preliminary estimation of the B. carinata capacity of translocated CO 2 (631 kg CO 2 ha À1 ) from below-ground biomass into the soil, the emissions are reduced by up to 5.2 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1 . The production and transport are as far as a thermoelectric plant of the B. carinata biomass used as a solid fuel consumes 0.12 MJ of primary energy per 1 MJ of biomass energy stored. In comparison with other fossil fuels such as natural gas, it reduces primary energy consumption by 33.2% and greenhouse gas emission from 33.1% to 71.2% depending on whether the capacity of translocated CO 2 is considered or not. The results of the analysis support the assertion that B. carinata crops are viable from an energy balance and environmental perspective for producing lignocellulosic solid fuel destined for the production of energy in southern Europe. Furthermore, the performance of the crop could be improved, thus increasing the energy and environmental benefits.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, Ciencias de la tierra y del espacio

2025, Analytica Chimica Acta

Ra, Pb and PO were preconcentrated from seawater samples by addition of a magnetic adsorbent followed by mixing and collection of the adsorbent using a magnet. The magnetic adsorbent is prepared by coating micron sized magnetite particles with manganese dioxide. When yield tracers ('33Ba for 226Ra, *08Po for *l"Po and stable lead for *l'Pb) were added to small seawater samples, recoveries of the tracers were better than 90% with quantitative recovery of the manganese dioxide adsorbent. For large (40 1) samples of ocean water, processed on board ship, recovery of the manganese dioxide adsorbent was 70-100%. Recovery of 133Ba (35%) and stable lead (80%) was adequate for measurement of 226Ra and *"Pb in the water. Recovery of 2osPo was not satisfactory under the conditions used. The magnetic adsorbent of Ivln02 on magnetite is easy to prepare and allows simple and rapid processing of large water samples at sea.

2025

The article presents an analysis of supply chains of different products based on case study research from the three European countries with the use of Supply Chain Environmental Analysis Tool (SCEnAT). The comparative analysis of gathered data allowed to recognize the CO2 hotspots in researched supply chains. The research implications of the paper lead to identification of processes/supply chains’ parts with the highest environmental aspects. The practical implications of the paper are the possibilities of influencing recognized carbon dioxide hotspots with best practice recommendations. The article is based on the findings from an international project PrESS.

2025, Energy Conversion and Management

In this study, a geothermal power plant endowed with actual operational conditions and its equipment are evaluated using exergoenvironmental analysis from the perspective of environmental impact. Environmental impacts related to equipment (including construction, operation/maintenance and disposal), exergy destruction and pollution formation are taken into consideration. Moreover, effects of ambient temperature and brine input temperature with respect to environmental impact factors of the system are also discussed. Though this analysis, relative difference of specific environmental impacts, exergoenvironmental factor and total environmental impact are determined as 122% and 2.5% and 2285 Pts/h, respectively. The results of the study show that 98% of total environmental impact for the geothermal power plant is the cause of exergy destruction of the equipment involved. For this reason, improvement of exergetic efficiency for equipment should be considered rather than construction, operation/maintenance and disposal changes of system equipment. Hence, it is probably possible to have a higher capacity plant by getting a better condenser performance, as well as strengthening the vaporizers and the pumps. Besides, approximately 44 Pts/h of non-condensable gas-NCG (CO 2 mostly) released from vaporizer to atmosphere caused environmental impact of the system to be measured as high environmental impact value of electricity equal to 0.108 Pts/kWh. In conclusion, conditions during which the ambient temperature decreases and brine input temperature increases, the system's environmental impacts concurrently decrease. This study is expected to serve as a guidework for researchers involved in environmental impacts of geothermal power plants and improvement of the plants in terms of environmental impact.

2025

Current research work describes rapid reverse phase high performance chromatographic method for estimation of dihydroartimisinine derivative namely arteether and artemether from bulk. This method was extended for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to confirm the stability of component under analysis. The mentioned components were separated on HYPERSIL® ODS C18 column (200 mm× 4.6 mm). The components were eluted by application of Methanol: Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) as mobile phase at 216 nm and flow rate of 1 ml/minute. Retention time for artemether and arteether was found to be 1.52 and 2.70 minutes respectively. For LC-MS/MS characterization mobile phase was spiked with 0.1% ammonium format and ESI was utilized as ionization source in combination with ion trap as mass analyzer. The components were found to be stable during and after their evaluation period. Method was found to be linear in concentration range of 10 to 50 μg/ml for both components. The method was furthe...

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

A fiber coating from polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically prepared and employed for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples. The PANI film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The applicability of this coating was assessed employing a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction of some PAHs from the headspace of aqueous samples. Application of wider potential range in CV led to a PANI with more stability against the temperature. The homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that this polymer is a suitable SPME fiber coating for extracting the selected PAHs. Important parameters influencing the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 40 min at 40 • C gave maximum peak area, when the aqueous sample was added with NaCl (20%, w/v). The synthesis of the PANI can be carried out conveniently and in a reproducible manner while it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The film thickness of PANI can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. The resulting thickness was roughly 20 m after 20 cycles. At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for a double distilled water spiked with selected PAHs at ppb level were 8.80-16.8% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.1-6 pg mL -1 . The performance of PANI was, also, compared with a commercial solid coated-based SPME fiber, carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB), under similar experimental conditions.

2025, Open-file report /

Spill rates for DCS platforms are based on the record for the U.S. OCS (Gulf of Mexico, and California) from 1964 through 1980, in which 5 spills of 10,000 barrels or larger are noted, along with 7 spills of 1,000 to 10,000 barrels in size. Nakassis (1982) conducted a statistical analysis of the record, 1964-1979, and concluded that the platform spill rate did not remain constant since 1964, but had decreased significantly. Using this trend analysis and updating for the 1980 data, the spill rate for platform spills of 1,000 barrels or larger is 1.0 spills per billion barrels produced; and the spill rate for platform spills of 10,000 barrels or larger is 0.44 spills per bill ion barrels produced. As with platform spills, the spill rate for pipelines is based on the record for the U.S. OCS from 1964 through 1980. Two spills of 10,000 barrels or larger are in the data base, along with 6 spills of 1,000 to 10,000 barrels in size. No trend in the pipeline spill rate is evident. The spill rate for pipeline spills of 1,000 barrels or larger is 1.6 spills per billion barrels transported, and the rate for spills of 10,000 barrels or larger is 0.67 spills per billion barrels transported. For tanker spill rates, previous OSTA models for Alaska used data for years prior to 1973. Using a new data base (The Futures Group, and World Information Systems, 1982) covering the years 1974 through 1980, Lanfear and Amstutz (1983) concluded that the tanker spill rate (expressed as spills per billion barrels transported) since 1974 was only about a third of that found prior to 1973. Thus, this oilspill analysis uses a significantly lower tanker spill rate than the earlier models. From 1974 through 1980, the data base contains records of 57 tanker spills of crude oil of 10,000 barrels or larger and another 57 spills of 1,000 to 10,000 .barrels. During this period, approximately 88 billion barrels of oil were transported. Lanfear and Amstutz (1983) were able to separate the 114 tanker spills into those occurring in port (i.e., inland of the breakwater, etc.) and those occurring at sea. While this information does not affect predictions of the overall occurrence rate, it does affect assumptions about where spills are likely to occur, and the appropriate weights were assigned along tanker routes to account for "at sea H/ Hin port" spills. The overall spill rate for tanker spills of 1,000 barrels, or larger, is 1.3 spills per billion barrels transported (0.90 at sea, and 0.40 in port), and the rate for spills of 10,000 barrels, or larger, is 0.65 spills per billion barrels (0.50 at sea, and 0.15 in port). In summary, the spill rates, expressed as number of spills per billion barrels produced or transported, used in this report are: >1,000 bbl ^10,000 bbl Platforms 1.0 0.44 Pipelines 1.6 0.67 Tankers (at sea) 0.9 0.50 Tankers (in port) 0.4 0.15 Oil spill occurrence estimates for spills greater than 1,000 barrels and greater than 10,000 barrels (Table ) were calculated for production and transportation of oil over the 27-year expected production life of the DiapirField Leases. Similar estimates were also calculated for production and transportation of oil from existing leases and for transportation of Canadian oil. Oil spill trajectories were simulated by Flow Industries, Inc. Kent, Washington (Thomas, 1983) and the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Liu and Leendertse, 1981). The Flow model simulated trajectories during the ice cover (winter) season (approximately October through mid-July) and the Rand model simulated trajectories during the open-water (summer) season approximately mid-July through September). The quasi-steady model of ice dynamics used by Flow incorporates a momentum equation which balances the forces due to: stress exerted by the atmosphere on the upper ice surface, stress exerted by the ocean on the under ice surface, Coriolis effects, sea surface elevation, and internal ice stress divergence. Ice response fields were computed over a range of wind and current conditions as well as ice strength conditions. Ocean currents were assumed to be the long-term mean geostrophic velocity field derived from the cjynamic topography of Newton (1973). Average daily atmospheric pressure fields for the years 1979 and 1980 as reported by Thorndike and Colony (1980, 1981) were used to compute wind stress. The basic three-dimensional model developed by Rand is formulated according to the equations of motion for water and ice, continuity, state, the balance of mass, heat, salt, pollutant, and energy on a three-dimensional finite-difference grid. This allowed for the computation of the vertical density structure and the residual tidal circulation. The residual circulation could also be computed by digitally filtering at regular time intervals, the flow fields using a tidal eliminator. Local wind stress was modeled using a method called the unit response function. Response functions are generated by the differences in the currents in the three-dimensional field with and without wind stress under identical tidal conditions. Under ice-free conditions, the respose function (coupled to a stochastic weather model) together with the local residual current, was used to compute the movement of oil. The stochastic weather model incorporates a Markov transition matrix of weather types as categorized by Putnins (1966). Oil movement beneath the ice is more complicated. When the relative speed between the ice and the water is below a critical or threshold level, the oil will be contained by the underside roughness of the ice, and thus will move with the ice. The threshold value is a function of the density of oil and water, the surface tension between oil and water, the underside roughness of ice, and the thickness of oil. When the threshold value is exceeded the oil begins to move at a speed proportional to the speed of the water. Using the Flow model, 30 oilspill trajectories were simulated from each of 30 launch points (P1-P30) at three times during the winter season. Simulations were made for spills occurring on October 15, January 1, and April 1. These times were selected to represent different ice conditions in the Beaufort Sea. It was assumed that spills launched on October 15 represented ice conditions during the October through November period. January 1 spills represented ice conditions during December through March and April 1 spills represented ice conditions during April through mid-July. The position of the oil (trapped in ice) was reported every 15 days. Spill movement stopped during the winter when (1) the oil/ice was incorporated into fast ice, (2) the oil/ice moved beyond the boundaries of the study area, (3) the oil/ice remained at sea at the time of ice breakup (approximately mid-July). The trajectories in the first and third categories were used to define another set of launch points that would represent the position of oilspills that started during the winter season and remained in the study area at the time of ice breakup. These launch points (P34-P60) are shown in figure . These 27 points (P34-P60) were derived from the distribution of winter spill end points using the criteria that each of them be at least within 50 km of any winter spill end point. Launch points P31-P33 represent platform locations in the Canadian lease area.

2025, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME ) is a recent technique for sample preparation. It has been used successfully to analyze environmental pollutants in a variety of matrices such as soils, water, and air. SPME is a solvent-free technique which has a number of advantages over more conventional sample preparation techniques such as liquid^liquid extraction ( LLE ) and solid-phase extraction (SPE ). We describe the most recent developments in SPME and some which are being developed, including its coupling to HPLC and CE, the use of new ¢bers, and the automation of the entire SPME process and its application to ¢eld analysis. A summary is given of the most important parameters for applying this extraction technique to the analysis of environmental samples. z1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

2025, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Fluorinated alkyl substances (FASs) are widely distributed contaminants that have been found in many environmental, human and biological samples throughout the world. Perfluorochemicals are used in many industry and consumer products, such as polymers and surfactants, because they have unique and useful properties (they are stable, chemically inert and generally unreactive). However, these compounds have also been found to be toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative. In recent years various analytical methods have been developed for the analysis of FASs in environmental samples. Most of these methods are based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS), since this is considered to be the technique of choice. This article reviews the various LC-(tandem)MS methods described so far for the analysis of FASs in water, sediment, sludge and biota samples. It discusses the main experimental conditions used for sample pretreatment and for analysis as well as the most relevant problems encountered and the limits of detection achieved.

2025, Bilal Ahmad khan

Baramulla, a district nestled in the lap of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, is a region of Immense natural beauty. Its verdant valleys, snow-capped peaks, and pristine water
Bodies make it a treasure trove of biodiversity. However, this natural heritage is facing a growing threat from a complex web of environmental challenges. This report delves into the specific environmental issues confronting Baramulla, examining their root causes, consequences, and Potential solutions.

2025, Applied Radiation and Isotopes

An intercomparison exercise to determine the 14 C activity concentrations in a range of solid, environmental level materials was conducted between laboratories in the UK. IAEA reference materials, C2, C6 and C7, and an in-house laboratory QA material were dispatched in 2006 to ten laboratories comprising of members of the Analyst Informal Working Group (AIWG) and one other invited party. The laboratories performed the determinations using a number of techniques, and using the results each one was evaluated in terms of levels of precision, sensitivity and limits of detection. The results of the study show that all techniques are capable of successfully analysing 14 C in environmental level materials, however, a shortage of certified environmental reference materials exists. The suitability of the IAEA reference materials and other material for use as reference materials was also assessed.

2025, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

A new organic reagent namely 5-(4-isopropoxy-6-(methyl amino)-5-nitrosopyrimidine-2-yl) diazenyl) quinolin-8-ol (IMNDQ) was synthesized, characterized and employed for the estimation of Cadmium (II) afterwards preconcentration using Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). In this precocentration method , chloroform and methnol were used as extraction and disperser solvents respectively and the ligand 5-(4-isopropoxy-6-(methyl amino)-5-nitrosopyrimidine-2-yl) diazenyl) quinolin-8-ol was used as a reagent for the extraction of Cd (II), Visible spectrophotometry was used for the estimation of the analyte after preconcentration. The influence of various factors on the extraction was investigated, for example disperser and extraction solvent type, pH and concentration of chelating agent. At optimum condition, the enrichment factors of (95) was gotten ,the calibration graph was linear in the range (20-100) ng .mL-1 Cd +2 with detection limit of (4.46) ng .mL-1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) for seven duplicate measurements of 60 ng .mL-1 of Cd +2 was (1.12)%.The method was used to the estimation of Cd +2 in some food samples.

2025, Electrochemistry Communications

The electrochemically induced functionalization of carbon-based screen-printed-electrodes (SPEs) by phenyl groups, having one or two carboxylic functions, was achieved by reduction of in situ generated diazonium salts in aqueous media. The corresponding diazonium cations of 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminophthalic acid, 3-(4-aminophenyl) propionic acid, 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-propenoic acid and 5-aminoisophthalic acid were generated in situ with sodium nitrite in aqueous H 2 SO 4 . The electrochemical detection of Pb(II) with the grafted SPEs was investigated using Pb(II) 5 × 10 -8 M solutions. The performances of the grafted SPEs were found to be dependent on the number of carboxylic groups, on their position on the phenyl ring, on the olefinic or the aliphatic character of the chain bearing the carboxylic group. The performances of mono-4-carboxyphenyl and 3,5-dicarboxyphenyl grafted SPEs for Cd(II) and Cu(II) trace detection were tested and compared.

2025, Electrochemistry Communications

2025

Ao Professor e orientador científico desta dissertação, José Alberto Quintanilha, pelo seu apoio e conhecimentos transmitidos durante o desenvolvimento e também ao compromisso assumido e empenho que dedicou a este trabalho. Agradeço ainda, a análise de cada capítulo, as sugestões, os esclarecimentos e comentários, sempre oportunos e que espero ter sabido aproveitar. Á Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo -FAPESP por me prover apoio técnico e financeiro para que eu pudesse estabelecer e dedicar-me totalmente aos estudos deste projeto, e por também por acreditar na temática de minha proposta de estudo. Aos Professores Jorge Xavier da Silva e Maria Hilde de Barros Goes, meus gurus, grandes incentivadores deste caminho que hoje sigo com muita satisfação e empolgação. Serei eternamente grato aos conhecimentos transmitidos, de valor inestimável.

2025

This course is designed for graduate students and provides students with an introduction and overview of the key areas of environmental health. Students will gain an understanding of the interaction of individuals and communities with the environment. Impact of environmental agents on human and ecosystem health will be analyzed. This course will also introduce current topics in environmental health and challenges faced under the changing climate and socio-economic needs and examine recent case studies and their outcomes related to environmental policy and management.

2025, Japan Geoscience Union

Dissolved noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) in seawater are chemically inert and their Keywords: result shows that the developed method can be applied for the continuous and direct measurement of dissolved Ne and other noble gases with further modification. MULTUM, dissolved noble gas, on-site measurement, ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry MTT28-P05

2025, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

This is the twenty-sixth annual review published in JAAS of the application of atomic spectrometry to the chemical analysis of environmental samples. This Update refers to papers published approximately between September 2009 and August 2010 and continues the series of Atomic Spectrometry Updates in Environmental Analysis 1 that should be read in conjunction with other related reviews in the series 2-6 . In the analysis of air, work is ongoing in developing new and existing air sampler devices with an increasing focus on sampling nanoparticles. Determination of mercury in the atmosphere remains a focus for many research groups and this year has seen a renewed interest in sampling and analysis of respirable silica. There is a growing interest in measuring emissions from transport sources such as aviation and shipping. In the field of water analysis, as in previous years, the main areas of activity are the development of preconcentration and extraction procedures and elemental speciation protocols. In the field of soil, plant and related material analysis, the past year has seen a marked increase in publications featuring LIBS. The technique now appears well established for screening purposes but has not yet convinced detractors of its suitability for use in quantitative multi-element analysis. There is a growing body of literature examining species stability during sample pre-treatment and extraction. Slurry sampling has experienced renewed interest this year. In the field of geological analysis, as in previous years, considerable effort is being spent not only on the production, characterization and certification of new geological reference materials, but also on enhancing the certification of existing reference materials and the development of reference materials with assigned elemental isotopic ratios. Laser ablation continues to go from strength to strength in being adopted as a solid sampling

2025

A dengue e um problema de saude publica que vem preocupando cada vez mais, devido a sua alta incidencia e as altas taxas de letalidade no pais. A partir da realizacao do diagnostico situacional da area de abrangencia da equipe de saude da familia (ESF) Umburanas, verificou- se que a dengue e um problema sanitario no municipio de Umburatiba-MG, sendo proposta a implantacao de um plano de acao de enfrentamento a este agravo, que visa o combate e controle da dengue no municipio, especificamente na area da ESF Umburanas.Este plano inclui a promocao de acoes de mobilizacao social para produzir mudancas no comportamento da populacao,buscando maior envolvimento das pessoas na eliminacao dos focos do Aedes aegypti nas residencias, tem como objetivo tambem a promocao de acoes de educacao em saude e a atualizacao dosconhecimentos sobre o combate a dengue para toda a equipe de saude.Atraves da utilizacao do plano de acao esperamos que toda a populacao mantenha os quintais limpos, sem acumulo d...

2025, Journal of Cleaner Production

Economic and Exergoenvironmental analyses of gas and air bottoming cycles for production of electricity and hydrogen with gas reformer, (2020),

2025

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188),

2025, Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian

Agenda dari suatu pertumbuhan adalah bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan kunci untuk mengatasi kemiskinan, menurunkan tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk, melindungi lingkungan dan memperkuat tatanan sipil. Premis ini menjadi sangat ironis karena di banyak negara, pertumbuhan ekonomi tetap saja menyimpan persoalan yang krusial (kemiskinan, pengangguran dan ketimpangan). Meski kegiatan pembangunan dilaksanakan melalui berbagai penyempurnaan, namun masih banyak terjadi ketimpangan-ketimpangan secara sosial ekonomi. Ketimpangan di atas pada gilirannya menciptakan kelompok-kelompok penduduk yang tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk mengakses sumber daya-sumber daya pembangunan (Makmun, 2003:1). Indonesia adalah negara dengan kebhinekaan yang tinggi di mana perbedaan antardaerah merupakan suatu konsekuensi logis dari perbedaan karakteristik alam, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Misalnya sumber daya berupa minyak dan juga pertumbuhan pusat perdagangan dan industri terkonsentrasi di beberapa daerah menyebabkan timbulnya kantong-kantong pertumbuhan sehingga ketimpangan output antardaerah menjadi tinggi (Tadjoeddin, dkk, 2001:6).

2025, Journal of Chromatography A

A method for the determination of trace amounts of the herbicide oxadiazon was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and selected ion monitoring. It was applied to determine oxadiazon in ground water, agricultural soil, must, wine and human urine samples. To determine oxadiazon in liquid samples, a response surface methodology generated with a Doehlert design was applied to optimize the HS-SPME conditions using a 100 mm polydimethylsiloxane fibre. For the analysis of soil samples, they were mixed with water and the SPME fibre suspended in the headspace above the slurry. Ground water, human urine and must show linear concentration 21 21 range of application of 0.5-50 ng ml with detection limits #0.02 ng ml . HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis yielded good reproducibility (RSD values between 6.5 and 13.5%). The method validation was completed with spiked matrix samples. The developed analytical procedure is solvent free, cost effective and fast.

2025

Furlani S. et al., New archaeological and geomorphological markers along the Istrian coasts (Croatia) and their relations with relative sea level changes. (IT ISSN 0349-3356, 2011) New data on archeological remains and coastal morphologies have been used to refine published data on the Late-Holocene relative sea-level change along the Northeastern Ardriatic coasts. Data have been compared with predicted curves, in order to detail the tectonic evolution of the studied area. RIASSUNTO: Furlani S. et al., Segnalazione di nuovi indicatori archeologici e geomorfologici lungo la costa istriana (Croazia) e correlazione con le variazioni relative di livello marino. (IT ISSN 0349-3356, 2011) Le variazioni di livello marino tardo-oloceniche lungo le coste nordorientali dell'Adriatico sono state dedotte da una serie di nuove misure effettuate su indicatori archeologici e geomorfologici sommersi. I dati raccolti sono stati comparati con le curve predette di risalita del livello del mare.