Environmental Security Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

Les Archives Nationales de Sécurité des USA ont publié récemment les rapports secrets des services de renseignement classifiés. Ces rapports divulgués sont ici traduits et analysés. Ils révèlent l’énorme travail d’espionnage mondial avec le traitement et l’analyse systématique de toutes les données relatives à la crise climatique depuis des décennies. L’ironie de cette histoire d’espionnage vient du fait que la nouvelle administration Trump 2 est systématiquement climato-sceptique à l’excès et a entrepris de nier la crise climatique en fermant tous les centres de recherches fédéraux et va jusqu’à proscrire tout soutien à des thèses universitaires mentionnant les mots, termes et concepts relatifs à cette crise climatique !

2025, Energy research and social science

Energy poverty remains an enduring challenge in Bangladesh, with 41 million people lacking electricity. Foreign states, corporations, and financial institutions have historically shaped the form and terms of the country's energy system, which is predominantly fossil fuel based. Shifting geographies of energy extraction and processing continue to reflect this past and influence current national energy debates in Bangladesh. The Rampal coal-fired energy project, a joint initiative with India, exemplifies these tensions. Opposition to the Rampal plant, proposed in the ecologically sensitive Sundarbans region, and other controversial energy extraction and processing projects led some activists and impacted stakeholders to promote the idea of "our energy, our rights." The articulation of an energy rights discourse asserts that Bangladesh should extract and control national energy resources in a manner that respects rights and provides the basis for analyzing the energy justice landscape in the nation and beyond. The rights discourse rejects the nation's legacy of poor energy decisions, and the associated realities of energy poverty. Contributing to emerging ideas around the geographies of energy justice, this research paper explores the practical application by activists and stakeholders of rights discourses to contested energy projects in Bangladesh. It shows how distributional energy justice activism critiques the historical political economy of economic liberalization and energy exploitation in the country and centers the rights concerns of energy poverty while also considering climate change vulnerabilities.

2025, Energy Research & Social Science

2025, Groundwater

Agricultural water management (AWM) interventions play an important role in ensuring sustainable food production and mitigating climate risks. This study was carried out in a watershed located in a low rainfall (400–600 mm) region of western India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated using surface runoff, soil loss, and reservoir storage levels, between the year 2000 and 2006. The investigation indicated that the various AWM interventions increased groundwater recharge from 30 mm/year to 80 mm/year and reduced surface runoff from 250 mm/year to 100 mm/year. The intervention structures were refilled two to three times during the monsoon season depending on rainfall intensity and duration. The interventions have the advantage of building a resilient system by enhancing groundwater availability even in dry years, stimulating crop intensification and protecting the landscape from severe erosion. The results indicate that soil erosion has been reduced by more than 75%...

2025, Sociae Polites

Maritime security still focuses on the territorial sovereignty of a country. Environmental disasters and transboundary humanitarian crimes that occur at sea are a challenge for International Relations academics to reformulate maritime security. British Petroleum (BP) is negligent in implementing safety standards in oil exploration and exploitation in the Gulf of Mexico, United States resulting in oil leakage on the Deepwater Horizon platform. This research uses the Deepwater Horizon case study in exploring the relevance of maritime security in the prevention and management of marine pollution disasters. Primary data sources were taken from observations of researchers in seminars related to the Deepwater Horizon and secondary data were obtained from journals, electronic news and official reports from the US Government. There are two findings obtained. First, contemporary maritime security is much more complex than traditional maritime security and second, contemporary maritime securi...

2025, Md.Fardin Hossain Khan

The Indo-Pacific region has rapidly emerged as the center of intense global strategic rivalry, primarily shaped by the competition between major powers like the United States and China. Bangladesh, located at the crossroads of South and Southeast Asia, is increasingly recognized as a key player in this complex and shifting landscape. This study explores Bangladesh’s strategic importance in the Indo-Pacific by focusing on its geographic position, diplomatic efforts to balance relations among great powers, economic development projects, maritime security strategies, and a proactive role in climate resilience. By offering an in-depth analysis, the paper demonstrates how Bangladesh manages the challenges of a changing multipolar world to protect its sovereignty, promote sustainable growth, and support peace and stability across the region.

2025, Strategic Impact

Climate change poses significant challenges to global security by exacerbating existing threats and creating new ones. Competition over scarce resources such as food, water, and land will likely increase as extreme weather events and temperature rise will become more frequent. Climate-related migration is expected to increase political tensions, and in some regions, could contribute to instability and conflict. The changing climate will also impact infrastructure, the economy, and public health, which will have far-reaching security implications. The current issue of climate change highlights the spectre of a new source of instability and conflict that can affect national/international peace and security. Although comparative research and projects on the security implications of climate change are expanding, there are still major knowledge gaps. The paper presents the specialized literature on short-term climate change and its possible influence on the Black Sea regional security. It is increasing the potential insecurities that can arise from extreme environmental phenomena. Based on the assessment, the authors outline priorities for future research in the area of interest and cover the necessary adjustments to facilities, materials, and equipment due to progressive weather changes. It also highlights that natural disasters may increase in number or virulence, necessitating the contribution of armed forces to national security.

2025, Ecological Sciences

Україна належить до країн із високим рівнем урбанізації, де внаслідок зростання споживання надзвичайно актуальною є проблема поводження з побутовими відходами. Існуючі полігони твердих побутових відходів і сміттєзвалищ є значною екологічною небезпекою, яка буде діяти ще десятки років. Окрім того, що такі полігони займають величезні земельні ділянки, вони виділяють парникові гази й забруднювальні речовини, які потрапляють в атмосферу, поверхневі шари ґрунту, ґрунтові води. Пожежі, які виникають на сміттєзвалищах, є тривалими, займають значну площу та потребують для гасіння велику кількість пожежно-рятувальних автомобілів та особового складу підрозділів ДСНС. У статті наведено результати досліджень, згідно з якими у зоні впливу сміттєзвалища в селі Брониця Дрогобицького району Львівської області спостерігається перевищення вмісту небезпечних речовин у поверхневих і підземних водах, а також ґрунтах порівняно з фоном і ГДК щодо нітратів, сульфатів, хлоридів. Проби із найнижчими показниками для фільтрату і ґрунту зосереджені на схід від звалища, тобто з сторони села Брониця, що негативно впливає на регіональну екологічну безпеку. Сміттєзвалище є джерелом фізичного, хімічного та біологічного забруднення довкілля. Наявність у складі відходів небезпечних речовин несе в собі екологічну загрозу для населення та туристів, а також погіршення якості довкілля. Для виведення Броницького сміттєзвалища із експлуатації пропонується природна фітомеліорація, яка передбачає використання рудеральних фітоценозів-меліорантів при ренатурації девастованих ландшафтів. Багатьма вченими вже доведена ефективність використання рудероценозів для фітомеліорації сміттєзвалищ. Такий підхід є справедливим при недостатньому фінансуванні рекультиваційних робіт на сміттєзвалищах та малій увазі владних структур екологічним проблемам регіонів. Ключові слова: сміттєзвалище, побутові відходи, екологічна безпека, екологічна небезпека.

2025

Climate-fragility risks are on the rise globally and developmental paths taken by countries can shape these risks. To understand the link between development and climate-fragility risks in Asia, this brief presents the findings of a survey conducted with development practitioners and experts from a range of developing and developed countries. To explain the differences in survey findings, this brief also outlines a Climate-Fragility Risk Index (CFRI) that provides a systematic presentation and analysis of various climate-fragility indicators. This brief provides an evidence for the nexus between development and climate-fragility risks and, as a way forward, advises countries to formulate and implement well-coordinated and evidence-based policies in the increasingly integrating world. Climate change is one of the key global security challenges of the 21st century. Its impacts are 'threat multipliers' that will increase state fragility, fuel social unrest and potentially result in violent conflict. Existing state fragility is simultaneously hampering efforts at adaptation, particularly among vulnerable populations. This threatens to lock many societies into 'fragility traps'. Japan as part of the Group of 7 (G7) has recognized the resulting challenges for sustainable economic development, peace and stability. In April 2016, under the Japanese G7 presidency and following up to the independent report "A New Climate for Peace: Taking Action on Climate and Fragility Risks" commissioned by G7 members, the foreign ministers of the G7 reiterated their commitment to prioritize prevention of climate and fragility risks including taking steps to integrate climate-fragility considerations across their national governments. Against this background, adelphi has partnered with the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) to facilitate a broader discussion on climate-fragility risks in Japan and reflect and discuss the findings of the G7 report and its implications and relevance for Japan. As a first step, adelphi and IGES jointly organized two expert workshops in June 2016. The first workshop took place on 14.6.2016 and brought together 31 Japanese and international experts as well as government representatives.

2025

The G8 (G7) Summit was held in Okinawa from July 21-23, but perhaps no one knows exactly what was at stake at this meeting and what contributions it made. It is really historical irony that such a conference criticized by the British media as the squandered Summit was held in Okinawa. Japan, as chair, could not play a leading role in the conference, and was only concerned with showing Japanese hospitality and following the schedule, not addressing the accumulated problems. In addition the Japanese government spent an enormous amount of money, 81 billions JPY (810 million USD), on this summer party during which the inadequacy of Prime Minister Mori was revealed. That is 100 times as large as the Birmingham or Koeln (Cologne) summit. The Japanese government summoned approximately 22,000 policemen, 100 guard boats, 40 special boats, and military airplanes (P3C) in the sky and instituted surveillance nets for this Summit. This could have been reaction to the outbreak of protest at the World Trade Organization conference in Seattle. This summit bore no fruit despite the absence of storong protest (except the human chain demonstration by 27,000 people which circled Kadena air base). Apart from the inadequacy of the Japanese Prime Minister, what was most regrettable was that Mr. Clinton, the first U.S. President to come to Okinawa since its hand over in 1972, re-corroborated the military importance of Okinawa to the U.S. armed forces. He went to the Cornerstone of Peace Park and made such a statement at the cliff, the very place where the inhabitants of Okinawa who were cornered by both the U.S. military and the Japanese military in the last World War committed suicide. I was dismayed and felt that the significance of regionalism in Okinawa against the presence of the U.S. military was seen as an outrage by all watching this scene on TV. Still, 75% of the U.S. bases in Japan are concentrated in Okinawa which occupies only 1% of the Japanese land mass. Now, it is well known that the Japanese government intended to host this summit to uphold the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty. The Japanese government certainly aimed to quiet the movement of regionalism in Okinawa which had soared during the protest against a rape incident by Marines that occurred in 1995 and which developed into the revision of the Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement. To do this, they decided to host the summit in Okinawa and to invest 100 billion JPY (1 billion USD) for * This paper was presented originally at the 2 nd International Conference of Critical Geography held in Taegu, South Korea (Aug.5, 2000).

2025, Escenario Actuales

La geopolítica se ha reposicionado como una disciplina que estudia las relaciones de poder y la influencia de la geografía en el desarrollo y seguridad de los Estados. Diversos sucesos evidencian esta realidad. La confrontación entre los EE. UU., China, Rusia y la Unión Europea (OTAN) es parte del pragmatismo y confirmación de que las relaciones entre los Estados han colocado en primer lugar los intereses nacionales por sobre los acuerdos de las organizaciones multilaterales. Este artículo muestra cómo se utiliza la geopolítica a través de discursos y acciones para comprender las relaciones internacionales actuales, donde se privilegian las alianzas estratégicas, las relaciones bilaterales y el control de áreas de importancia estratégica mundial.

2025, Annual Review of Environment and Resources

How well are industrialized nations doing in terms of their energy security? Without a standardized set of metrics, it is difficult to determine the extent to which countries are properly responding to the emerging energy security challenges related to climate change: a growing dependency on fossil fuels, population growth, and economic development. In response, this article first surveys the academic literature on energy security and concludes that it is composed of availability, affordability, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. It then analyzes the relative energy security performance, based on these four dimensions, of the United States and 21 other member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 1970 to 2007. Four countries are examined in greater detail: one of the strongest (Denmark), one of the most improved in terms of energy security (Japan), one with weak and stagnant energy security (United States), and one with deteriora...

2025, TIJER-Technix International Journal for Engineering Research

The global population has surpassed 8 billion, raising urgent concerns about the implications of rapid population growth on resources, the environment, and social stability. This article examines the multifaceted challenges posed by population explosion, including food security, water scarcity, healthcare access, and climate change. We analyse the demographic trends driving this growth, with particular focus on regions experiencing the highest rates of increase. Furthermore, we explore the vital role of education, particularly women's empowerment and reproductive health, in mitigating the effects of population growth. The article advocates for comprehensive, sustainable strategies that integrate family planning, education, and economic development to promote a balanced approach to population management. By fostering global cooperation and harnessing innovative technologies, we highlight pathways to achieve a sustainable future that respects both human dignity and planetary boundaries. Through a critical examination of current policies and practices, this article aims to stimulate dialogue and action among policymakers, researchers, and the global community to address the pressing challenges of the population explosion.

2025

Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта № 116233367 «Развитие Северного морского пути как части "синей" экономики Арктической зоны Российской Федерации» по линии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета.

2025, Frontiers in Political Science

The study of depleted uranium (DU) munitions is crucial due to their potential health risks, long-term environmental impacts, and broader implications for international security. This multidisciplinary concern spanning from health and environmental sciences to international security has prompted growing scholarly attention, yet no comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been conducted to systematically map the evolution of this field. This study fills that gap by providing a structured, data-driven overview of DU research trends over the last four decades (1983-2024). Using bibliometric tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, we analyze 129 publications from Scopus to uncover key developments in this domain. Specifically, we examine the annual distribution of publications, document types, leading journals, country collaboration networks, and the most prolific authors. Additionally, we conduct a keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify dominant research themes, track their evolution over time, and assess conceptual density within the field. Our findings highlight the historical trajectory and current state of DU munitions research, and demonstrate the lack of research in the fields of Political Science, International Relations and in a broader term International Security. The main objective of this research is to analyze the scientific findings about DU weapons, enhance awareness about them and their hazards, and provide a framework for scholars and policymakers seeking to engage with DU-related research more effectively and pave the way for the prohibition of such toxic munitions.

2025

DOD has not presented a sound business case demonstrating the need for the proposed exemptions from the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Best practices and prior GAO work recommend that agencies develop a business case that includes, among other things, expected benefits, costs, and risks associated with a proposal's implementation. However, DOD has not provided any specific examples showing that training and readiness have been hampered by requirements of these laws. Meanwhile some federal, state, and nongovernmental organizations have expressed concern that the proposed exemptions, if granted, could harm the environment. Until DOD develops a business case demonstrating the need for these exemptions, Congress will lack a sound basis for assessing whether to enact requested exemptions.

2025

2025, فصل نامه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری چشم انداز زاگرس

2025, SAMAAJA VIMANSAA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

Honour murders are serious human rights and social justice violations in which family members kill someone in order to maintain their alleged "honour." These crimes, which have their roots in strict patriarchal rules and societal control over individual choices, mostly target women and couples who don't conform to conventional expectations about marriage, relationships, and sexuality. This socio-legal research investigates the many facets of honour murders, looking at their legal, social, and cultural foundations. The research explores how social norms and legal frameworks interact in intricate ways, emphasising how many nations' legal systems fall short in addressing and preventing these kinds of crimes. Honour murders continue because of a number of factors, including lax laws, societal acceptance of patriarchal violence, and witnesses' unwillingness to testify. In order to address this issue, the report emphasises the importance of legislative changes, judicial interventions, and human rights activism. This research also highlights the necessity of cultural and legislative change via gender awareness, education, and the inclusion of under-represented voices. It offers insights into the effectiveness of present legal laws and promotes a strong socio-legal framework that not only punishes offenders but also destroys the cultural underpinnings of honor-based violence by looking at significant cases and legislative responses.

2025

The search for credible and stable democratic systems in post-colonial African countries takes different forms. It would appear however that whatever the modalities may be, the results invariably are not holistically beneficent to the major segments of these societies. Efforts demonstrated appear not only to lead to deferred hopes but also delayed reprioritization of priorities once political liberation has been supposedly attained. The study sets out to explore and attempt to answer the question as to whether the attainment of political dominance and sustainability are a sine qua non for development of or a short term goal in itself. Secondly, whether this quest for dominance is strategic or a relic of the historical connectivity wherein the postcolonial regime assumes some of the trappings of the colonial overlord such as legislative authority. Impliedly, this could also suggest a situation wherein once having achieved political independence, a reappraisal is called for during which opposing ideological modus vivendi et operandi are jettisoned . Often, one of the major casualties would appear to be labour formations despite their significant contributions during the struggles for political independence. The study suggests that the answers are embedded somewhere.

2025, Revista de Marina

China's worldwide influence and power has become a trend. In South America, Chinese foreign direct investments have been implemented and, at the same time, exports from the region have increased to that country. Chile has been no exception with her exports to this economic superpower. It is conceivable that, in the future, this influence will grow, even with the presence of military forces, if the constrains and rivalries with the United States restrict China's geopolitical interests in our country.

2025, Politix

Face à la crise climatique, l'injonction à agir urgemment n'a jamais été aussi présente, mais contraste avec la forte inertie des politiques écologiques. Ce numéro de Politix prend le parti d'adopter une approche de sociologie générale et de sciences sociales du politique qui consiste à reconnaître la dimension particulièrement agonistique de la fabrique des politiques écologiques, tant dans l'espace social en général que dans les champs politique, bureaucratique et économique ou dans l'espace des mouvements sociaux et environnementaux. L'inertie des politiques écologiques est dès lors appréhendée à la fois comme le produit de structures sociales de domination et comme le vecteur de leur reproduction. Les groupes et acteurs sociaux qui occupent au sein de ces structures des positions dominantes sont parvenus non pas à rejeter les injonctions environnementales, mais à les rendre compatibles avec la préservation de leurs positions dominantes. Participant de différentes manières à la (re)définition et à la mise en oeuvre de politiques écologiques, ces acteurs participent à dessiner les contours d'une question environnementale qui s'impose sans modifier en profondeur l'état des rapports sociaux. Mots clés-politiques écologiques, structures sociales de l'action publique, rapports de pouvoir et de domination, inertie

2025, Kurdish Studies Journal

This article explores the practices and discourses of environmental justice in Iranian Kurdistan/Rojhelat. In the face of unprecedented destruction of the natural environment, Kurdish people, including a significant number of women, organise themselves to defend ecosystems, lakes, rivers, and forests, making them part of the global environmental justice movement. Local communities face growing challenges such as water wiktor-mach, hajiagha and hamelink

2025, Problems of Legality

It is widely recognised that climate change is having malign effects on human life. Climate change is a global issue, but the political action necessary to address it is inevitably local and national as well as international. The security dilemma is one of the most important theoretical ideas in international relations. The content of security policy is evolving because "security" is a social structure, the content and structure of which is constantly changing depending on the transformation of existing and the emergence of new threats and challenges (climate change, destruction of the ozone layer, desertification, fresh water shortages, etc. - the list of current environmental problems in the XXI century is increasingly supplemented by new threats. Scholars, policy-makers, and activists have proposed broadening use of the concept security beyond its traditional military focus to take into account environmental threats that seriously jeopardize human well-being. This paper...

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

2025

Esse artigo tem por objetivo entender se a saida dos Estados Unidos da America do Acordo de Paris representa um movimento de dessecuritizacao do tema mudancas climaticas no pais. Para isso preciso apresentar o processo de securitizacao e dessecuritizacao por meio do conceito de seguranca da Escola de Copenhague. Assim relacionando as politicas publicas ambientais estadunidenses e os discursos do atual presidente estadunidense Donald Trump e do ex-presidente Barack Obama sobre mudancas climaticas aprovadas pelos Estados Unidos, desde a sua entrada no Acordo de Paris realizada em 2015 ate a sua saida anunciada em julho de 2017. Para atingir meus objetivos a ferramenta metodologica sera a analise de conteudo com elaboracao de fichas de leituras sistematizadas por categorizacao de ano. E por fim, na ultima secao sera aplicada a ferramenta proposta pela Escola de Copenhague sobre a teoria de securitizacao.

2025, Environment and Security

Much existing research on climate, conflict, and security asks a relatively narrow question: how does climate change trigger or exacerbate violent conflict in ways that threaten stability within the current international system? Far less attention has been paid to how the properties of that system contribute to climate-related risks of violence, conflict, and instability. In this article, we identify three aspects of the structure and workings of what we refer to as the ''international security order'' that, in our view, must be brought much more centrally into future research: the multi-dimensional role of war and war preparation as drivers of the climate problem; the widespread use of violence to suppress climate activism; and the failure of climate-policy mechanisms to account for the conflict risk they may create or exacerbate (an effect sometimes referred to as ''backdraft''). We argue that these three are not simply contextual factors for climate-related violence. Rather, they work through the climate variable to shape conflict risk. Models and conceptual frameworks that do not explore these and other such connections may be missing important causes and mechanisms of climate-linked insecurity.

2025, IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive

We propose a modification to the framework of Universally Composable (UC) security . Our new notion, involves comparing the protocol executions with an ideal execution involving ideal functionalities (just as in UC-security), but allowing the environment and adversary access to some super-polynomial computational power. We argue the meaningfulness of the new notion, which in particular subsumes many of the traditional notions of security. We generalize the Universal Composition theorem of to the new setting. Then under new computational assumptions, we realize secure multi-party computation (for static adversaries) without a common reference string or any other set-up assumptions, in the new framework. This is known to be impossible under the UC framework.

2025, Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Several recent events raised the attention toward possible major accidents triggered by external acts of interference in industrial facilities. In particular, a growing concern is present with respect to the intentional release of dangerous substances resulting in environmental and eco-terroristic attacks. Therefore, optimal selection and allocation of preventive security measures is becoming more important for decision-makers. Despite the existence of economic models supporting the decision-making process, their applications within the chemical industry security context are relatively limited. This study describes a specific model for economic analysis and selection of physical security measures, with respect to potential environmental and eco-terroristic attacks in chemical facilities. An example of application to a relevant case study is presented to show the model capabilities. Site-specific analysis of the baseline physical security system performance allows comparing the costs of different security upgrades with the benefits related to either prospective or retrospective losses, meanwhile accounting the uncertainties related to the threat probability. Selection of the most profitable security measures within budget constraints and definition of economic indicators are the main outputs of the model, in order to support decision-making processes for allocation of security barriers.

2025, Process Safety and Environmental Protection

2025, Coleção Meira Mattos

The article aims to systematize Military Organizations as previous evidence of sustainable management practices. A Systematic Literature Review was carried out using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. We analyzed the relevant publications regarding the barracks in the period of 11 years on sustainable management. The methodology was based on Prisma, where a logic of information relevant to the research was carried out. The evaluation of the articles was carried out from their articles, and their measurement, separating them in quality in Excel, so that there is no duplicity duplicity. Initiatives proposed in the development of systems to improve management are identified in the research, in which the following stand out: Projects for constructions; Water Resources Management; and Decision-making tools. Finally, the results indicate that there are initiatives to improve sustainable management in military units, however, they are still scarce

2025, Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace

2025, SETA Rapor

Bu raporda İsrail’in din referanslı yürüttüğü soykırımın farklı boyutları üzerine odaklanılmaktadır. 7 Ekim 2023’ten itibaren geride kalan zaman zarfında resmi açıklamalara göre yaklaşık 50 bin Filistinliyi katleden Siyonist yönetimin... more

2025

Slides for Environmental History of the Atlantic World - Lecture Five - "Environmental Determinism"

2025, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development

As part of the Oslo Accords, Israel and the Palestinian Authority agreed to jointly manage issues of environmental concern according to internationally recognised standards. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the outcomes of the Palestinian–Israeli Oslo environmental peace agreements regarding trans-boundary hazardous waste management. Hazardous waste is an area of particular importance given the potential for inefficient management to impact on public health and shared ecological resources. Although the environmental negotiations that took place within the framework of the Oslo Accords can be seen as a significant milestone for environmental cooperation, many objectives were never achieved. Ultimately, both parties were left with suboptimal trans-boundary management, in practice, because broader political disputes derailed cooperation in many technical spheres. This outcome can be attributed to four main factors: Israeli security concerns, territorial disputes, ...

2025

In this article, we present the results after assessing the Indian's Swachh Bharat Mission's (SBM) (aka Clean India Campaign) contribution in combating violence against women and girls while attending nature's call. Towards this, firstly we have used the publicly available data from National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB -India) to identify the hotspot districts with highest crimes against women in the country. Various districts in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana, and Assam were top in the list of hotspots for gender based crimes; these districts were prioritized for investigation in this study. Context-driven web crawlers were developed and used to retrieve the reported crimes against women and girls from the district editions of electronic newspapers from 2010 till 2018. The results obtained from this web crawler were analyzed to determine the trend of gender-based sexual assaults before and after SBM implementation. It is observed that post SBM implementation, sexual assaults were reduced and the declining trend of crimes exhibited similar pattern for all the districts in the three states. The first dip in the trend has occurred during 2016 and consequently, there is reduction of crimes against women from 2017 onwards. The availability of sanitation infrastructure in the form of Independent Household Latrines under SBM's program should have influenced the reduction of practicing the open defecation to a certain extent, and the reduction in open defecation practice has helped in reducing the scope of sexual encounters during the course of routine sanitation needs. It is observed that in 2016, sexual assaults have downsized to 65 per cent and by the year 2018 the percentage dip in reduction of violence against women is more than 90 per cent.

2025, The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

2025, Annual Review of Environment and Resources

▪ A broadening research program focused on environment and security emerged over the past 30 years. But the meaning and operationalization of environment and security have been an implicit and increasingly explicit part of the scholarly debate. Approaches range from the more specific focus on the linkages between environmental change and violent (deadly) conflict, the possible role of environmental conservation, cooperation, and collaboration in promoting peace, and the broader focus on potential relationships between environmental change and human security (understood as freedom from both violent conflict and physical want). In addition to the different conceptions of environment and security, the type and direction of causal relationships among different factors continue to be a focus of research. With respect to the environment and violent conflict, which constitute the largest explicit research stream on environment and security, the debate has centered on whether and why envi...

2025, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning

Histories of racist and classist land use decision-making have resulted in environmental disparities across lines of race and income in many U.S. cities. To redress this, many municipal governments are adopting urban greening initiatives that aim to provide public health benefits and bolster climate resilience in underserved communities. Unfortunately, increasing the quantity of green space in these areas does not necessarily mitigate disparities as environmental quality is just one factor in the broader challenges imposed by legacy land use decisionmaking. Green development in underserved neighborhoods has the potential to worsen social and economic equity concerns due to the influence of market forces. Employing a mixed-method approach encompassing policy review, spatial exploration, and qualitative interviews, this research examined the policies that guide urban greening decision-making in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Results indicate that Philadelphia faces a complex array of obstacles that inhibit equitable urban greening through four themes: (1) perceptions of agency responsibilities, (2) approaches to stakeholder engagement, (3) patterns of disinvestment and maintenance, and (4) project siting decisions. New policies and approaches are recommended to address these obstacles.

2025

I Beach Access Network Workshop Summary (Ventura, California, USA, 2024)

2025, International Relation

The Eurasian Strategic Accord between Russia and Iran represents a significant geopolitical partnership that has profound implications for regional stability, economic growth, and international relations in the Eurasian region. This paper explores the multifaceted aspects of the strategic partnership, including military collaboration, energy cooperation, technological exchange, and geopolitical influence. The accord provides both nations with opportunities to enhance regional security, strengthen economic ties, and counterbalance Western dominance in global affairs. It is poised to foster long-term prosperity through infrastructure development, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges. However, the alliance also faces challenges, such as external opposition, domestic political instability, and conflicting regional interests, that could complicate its success. The paper evaluates the potential outcomes of the partnership, both in terms of regional peace and prosperity and its wider global implications, with a particular focus on how this collaboration may reshape the power dynamics within Eurasia and beyond.

2025, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

Based on the results of the research the following conclusions were formulated: 1) martial law in Ukraine has a direct impact on the unified state civil protection service, causes the presence of features of its functioning, as well as checking the state of readiness of services and forces that perform civil protection tasks; 2) in Ukraine, the bodies, services, forces of civil defense function simultaneously in two legal regimes: martial law and a particular period with a degree of complete readiness. In addition, the so-called “reconstruction period” is foreseen, which determines the additional tasks of the unified state civil protection service, the full implementation of which is possible after the end of hostilities and is actually implemented in the territories controlled by Ukraine and where there are no combat clashes; 3) the peculiarities of the functioning and diagnostics of the services and forces that perform civil defense tasks during the steam regime of martial law inc...

2025, Genocide Studies and Prevention

This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, cattle raiding, and the abduction of women and children. Additionally, environmental challenges, including both droughts and severe flooding, as well as locust swarms, have resulted in widespread crop loss and property damage. Famine was declared in 2017, with current cond...

2025, Politics and Governance

The literature on the security implications of climate change, and in particular on potential climate-conflict linkages, is burgeoning. Up until now, gender considerations have only played a marginal role in this research area. This is despite growing awareness of intersections between protecting women’s rights, building peace and security, and addressing environmental changes. This article advances the claim that adopting a gender perspective is integral for understanding the conflict implications of climate change. We substantiate this claim via three main points. First, gender is an essential, yet insufficiently considered intervening variable between climate change and conflict. Gender roles and identities as well as gendered power structures are important in facilitating or preventing climate-related conflicts. Second, climate change does affect armed conflicts and social unrest, but a gender perspective alters and expands the notion of what conflict can look like, and whose se...

2025, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 58 Issue 6 (December 2024) : 1217-1224

Background: Assessing the forest suitability of soils is one of the key areas of agroforestry science. Research in this direction makes it possible to characterize areas where tree and shrub vegetation does not grow under natural... more

2025, International journal of science and research

Climate change remains a threat to the world's peace, security, and well -being, and women are not spared from these effects as they are among the most vulnerable to its negative impacts. The effects range from extreme storm events, flooding, multiyear droughts, saltwater intrusion, and long -term changes to groundwater availability threatening existing water and sanitation systems. The deepening climate crisis with its plethora of worsening environmental infrastructure deficit has become a source of concern for women all over the world more so in Africa as there is a further drawstring on water security and health burdens.

2025

The national plan for the sustainable development of small-scale aquaculture and limited resources (APERL), an alternative for growth and poverty alleviation for smallholder farmers in Nicaragua.

2024, Güvenlik ve İstihbarat Çalışmaları Dergisi

Son yıllarda fosil temelli enerji kaynaklarının neden olduğu enerji güvenliği sorunları dünya genelinde geri dönülemez hasarlar bırakmaya başlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda küresel ölçekte yeni bir enerji paradigmasına geçiş zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte küresel enerji paradigmasında fosil temelli enerji kaynaklarının yerini yenilebilir enerji kaynakları almaya başlamıştır. Bununla ilişkili olarak son yıllarda yenilebilir enerji kaynakları temelinde işleyen bir enerji düzenine geçiş sürecine girildiği görülmektedir. Enerji dönüşümü olarak nitelendirilen bu süreç doğrultusunda küresel enerji düzeninin sil baştan yeniden inşa edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nitekim enerji dönüşümü, bilhassa fosil temelli enerji düzeninden kaynaklı enerji güvenliği sorunlarının giderilmesine yönelik halihazırdaki en rasyonel seçenektir. Buna karşın söz konusu sorunları tamamen ortadan kaldıracak olması halen daha tartışmalıdır. Zira enerji dönüşümünün enerji güvenliği açısından bir takım yeni tehditleri ortaya çıkarması son derece muhtemeldir. Bu doğrultuda karşılaşılması en muhtemel tehditlerden birisi kritik minerallerle ilişkilidir. Çünkü kritik mineraller yenilenebilir enerji düzeninin işleyişi için gerekli olan en hayati bileşenlerdir. Kritik mineralleri enerji güvenliği açısından potansiyel bir tehdit haline getiren ise günümüz şartlarıdır. Öyle ki küresel kritik mineral pazarı halihazırda başta Çin olmak üzere belli başlı ülkelerin tekelindedir. Bununla birlikte kritik minerallerle ilişkili bir takım hususlar kritik minerallerin güvenlikleştirilmesini kaçınılmaz hale getirmektedir. Örneğin Mineral Güvenlik Ortaklığı’nın kurulması tamamen kritik minerallerin güvenlikleştirilmesinin bir sonucudur. Tüm bunlar ışığında çalışmada Mineral Güvenlik Ortaklığı, kritik minerallerin güvenlikleştirilmesi kapsamında analiz edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Güvenlikleştirme, Kopenhag Okulu, Kritik Mineraller, Mineral Güvenlik Ortaklığı, Çin.