Ergonomics Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Dans un environnement instable et incertain, exigeant une forte capacité à donner du sens, mobiliser, réagir et s’adapter, les modes d’organisation et de management traditionnels en entreprise ont atteint leurs limites. Plutôt que la... more

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- Organizational Behavior, Management, Philosophy, Ergonomics
- by Tracy Chapman
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- Marketing, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Ergonomics
- by Rebecca Campbell
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Violence, Human Factors
- by paula kahuho-mwarari
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- Aerospace Engineering, Ergonomics

Over the past two decades, the 'new view' has become a popular term in safety theory and practice. It has however also been criticised, provoking division and controversy. The aim of this article is to clarify the current situation. It describes the origins, ambiguities and successes of the 'new view' as well as the critiques formulated. The article begins by outlining the origins of this concept, in the 1980s and 1990s, from the cognitive (system) engineering (CSE) school initiated by Rasmussen, Hollnagel and Woods. This differed from Reason's approach to human error in this period. The article explains how Dekker, in the early 2000s, translates ideas from the CSE school to coin the term 'new view', while also developing, shortly after, an argument against Reason's legacy that was more radical and critical than his predecessors'. Secondly, the article describes the ambiguities associated with the term 'new view' because of the different programs that have derived from CSE (Resilience Engineering-RE then Safety II, Safety Differently, Theory of Graceful Extensibility). The text then identifies three programs by different thinkers (methodological, formal and critical) and Dekker's three eclectic versions of the 'new view'. Thirdly, the article discusses the success of the CSE and RE school, showing how it has strongly resonated with many practitioners outside the academic world. Fourthly, the objections raised within the field of human factors and system safety but also from different traditions (e.g., system safety engineering with Leveson, sociology of safety with Hopkins) are introduced, and discussed.

- by jean-christophe le coze
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- Ergonomics, Disaster Studies, Human Factors, Occupational Health & Safety

Ergonomi insanın bedensel ve ruhsal yönden zorlanmadan içinde bulunduğu çevre ile uyumlandırılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnsanın kullandığı makineler ve araçlar ergonomik ilkeler doğrultusunda ele alındıklarında çeşitli iş ve çevre koşullarına ilişkin özellikler, eğilimler, yetenekler ve sınırlılıklar gözlemlenmektedir. İş yerlerinde meydana gelen fizyolojik ve psikolojik sorunun temeline bakıldığında ilk olarak ofislerin ve kullanılan araç-gereçlerinin ergonomik ilkeler göz önüne alınmadan tasarlandığı görülmektedir. Uygun olmayan çevresel koşullar ve insanın bir makine gibi düşünülmesi özellikle yoğun ve stresli ofis ortamlarında çalışanların veriminin düşmesiyle sonuçlanmaktadır. Ofis ortamlarındaki olumsuz koşullar insan psikolojisi ve çevresel etkenler başlıkları altında incelendiğinde çalışma hayatında huzursuzluğa ve tatminsizliğe neden olurken, insanın fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığına zarar vererek, psikolojisinin olumsuz yönde etkilenmesine neden olmaktadır. Günümüz çalışma alanlarında insanı olumsuz etkileyebilecek çalışma ortamlarının önüne geçmek ve insanın hızla gelişen teknoloji, makineler, sürekli yenilenen çalışma sistemleri karşısında yetersiz kalmasını önleyecek ofis mekanlarının düzenlenmesi gerekliliği çalışan ve işveren için önemli bir unsur haline gelmiştir. Bildiride ergonominin kapalı ofisler, ofis mobilyaları ve araç-gereçleri üzerindeki önemi vurgulanarak kapalı ofis tasarımlarında yapılan uygulamaların çalışanlar üzerindeki etkilerinden bahsedilecektir. İnsanın anatomik yapısı, fizyolojik kapasitesi ve toleransları göz önünde tutularak, iş ortamında oluşabilecek stres unsuruyla birlikte çalışanların en az düzeyde olumsuz koşullardan etkilenmesini sağlayacak ergonomik kapalı ofis tasarımları çeşitli örneklemelerle ele alınacaktır.
Ergonomy is defined as the adaptation of people to the environment he/she is in, without having any physical and spiritual difficulties. When the machines and tools come up in terms of ergonomic principles, some features, tendencies, abilities and limits are observed regarding various business and environment issues. When you look at the underlying problem of the physiological and psyhcological problems ocur in work places, you see the offices and tools and equipments that are used in these offices are designed without considering the ergonomic principles. Subobtimal environmental conditions and considering people as machines are resulted with descreased efficiency of the employees in busy and stressful offices especially.

- by Büşra Ünver and +1
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- Ergonomics, Mimarlık, Tasarım, Iç Mimarlık
- by Elena Diaconescu
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- Sports Medicine, Ergonomics, Evidence Based Medicine, Human Factors

There are very few connections between physics and cognitive psychology. But in this paper, we assume that recent models inspired by concepts issued from physics and problemsolving cognitive processes like the Model Human Processor with Real Time Constraints (MHP/RT) model (Kitajima and Toyota, 2012) [1] allow to better describe and predict human behaviors especially in complex and dynamical environments where interactions between several bands and space-time constraints exist. After presenting the importance of the concept of resonance in physics and in cognitive psychology, the deterministic chaos in human action and behavior will be described, by focusing on an innovative model directly inspired by models issued from physics and problem-solving cognitive processes, Model Human Processor With Real Time Constraints (MHP/RT). If nowadays, the distance between physics and psychology is very prominent, the main goal of this paper is to defend the necessity to (re)create strong relatio...

- by Muneo Kitajima
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- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Ergonomics
- by Angela Calvo
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- Ergonomics, Case Studies, Vibration, Deforestation

ABSTRACT Human factors and ergonomics applies scientific information about human cognition and behavior to support the design of products and systems that enhance human well-being and performance. Human factors and ergonomics professionals investigate human–system interaction at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The aim is to design products that augment human physical, cognitive, and motivational capabilities and improve the social, technical, and organizational aspects of a system. Human factors and ergonomics has been used to improve safety and productivity particularly in complex sociotechnical systems.

- by Adedeji Badiru
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- Human Computer Interaction, Usability, Ergonomics, Situation awareness

In the present paper there is a description of the manner that various educational management processes are implemented, using the Greek secondary education system as an example. These processes are described in comparison with the goals of cognitive ergonomics, revealing their disadvantages. Alternative ways of implementation are proposed for increasing the efficiency, the security, the correctness and the easiness of the working conditions through a better usage of ICT but also through the application of relevant practices of other organizations.

- by Evangelos C Papakitsos
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- Ergonomics
- by Nina Nevala
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- Nursing, Usability, Ergonomics, Health Care

One of the prominent roles of ergonomics is to understand, and design lifestyles support system that apart from optimizing human well-being and overall system performance also brings good experience of using any product. This paper is focused on understanding the good experience part of any design, and presents a pilot study conducted to understand how foul smelling shoes affects the good experience of using a shoe-rack. Literature reports many studies concerning the interaction of humans with shoes and shoe-racks, but limited research has been reported on understanding how the foul smelling shoes affects the overall experience of using a shoe rack. India is a hot and humid country, and people often perspire after medium to rigorous physical activity leading to foul smelling body, clothes, and shoes. People regularly bathe and wash cloths, but shoes are seldom washed, and without proper ventilation it becomes a breeding ground for a very smelly bacterium called Kytococcus Sedentarius. This paper posits that this foul smell affects the users' experience of using shoe-racks, and reports a pilot study conducted to understand the severity of the problem. The paper starts with a literature review establishing the research gap. It then illustrates on the results of the survey conducted and why existing solutions are not so popular in India. The last part of the paper presents some base experiments conducted which when integrated with the shoe-rack design may eliminate the problem of foul smell and improve the overall experience of users.

- by Vikash Kumar
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- Ergonomics, Product Design

The detrimental influence of distraction on memory and attention is well established, yet it is not as clear whether irrelevant information impacts categorization abilities and whether this impact changes in aging. We examined categorization with morphed prototype stimuli in both younger and older adults, using an adaptive staircase approach to assess participants' performance in conditions with and without visual distractors. Results showed that distraction did not affect younger adults, but produced a negative impact on older adults' categorization such that there was an interaction of age and distraction. These results suggest a relationship between the increased susceptibility to visual distraction in normal aging and impairment in categorization.

- by Peter Wais
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- Psychology, Cognitive Science, Ergonomics, Human Factors
- by Paul Ward
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Visual perception, Attention
- by June Pilcher
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Humans, Effect size
- by Luis Miguel Muñoz
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- Computer Science, Ergonomics, Omics

Studies on classroom design, most especially in Nigerian secondary schools, are seriously lacking. With particular focus on selected teachers in Ogun State, this ex-post facto research examined classroom design and its influence on teachers’ performance in teaching job. A total of 128 participants were randomly selected from 16 secondary schools in Ijebu Ode and 128 questionnaires titled ‘Scale on Classroom Design and Teachers Performance’ (SCDTP) with reliability co-efficient of 0.82 obtained through cronbach alpha method was developed and administered on the target participants. 96 instruments, constituting 75% of the total administered, were however returned and analysed. Simple percentage and Chi-square inferential statistics utilising 0.05 level of significance was adopted in testing the hypotheses. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between classroom design and teachers’ job satisfaction, job performance, teaching and learning outcome. The study concludes t...

- by Oludeyi Olukunle Saheed
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- Engineering, Education, Ergonomics, Workplace Studies
- by Steffen Torp
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- Ergonomics, Occupational Health, Nonparametric Statistics, Adolescent
- by Victor Perez
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- Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Ergonomics, Semantics

Background There are limited data on the epidemiology of adolescent soccer injury across all levels of play. Hypothesis Through implementation and validation of an injury surveillance system in adolescent soccer, risk factors for injury will be identified. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The study population was a random sample of 21 adolescent soccer teams (ages 12-18). A certified athletic therapist completed preseason baseline measurements and did weekly assessments of any identified soccer injury. The injury definition included any injury occurring in soccer that resulted in 1 or more of the following: medical attention, the inability to complete a session, or missing a subsequent session. Results Based on completeness of data in addition to validity of time loss, this method of surveillance has proven to be effective. The overall injury rate during the regular season was 5.59 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% confidence interval, 4.42-6.97). Soccer injury...

- by Carolyn Emery
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- Epidemiology, Biomedical Engineering, Ergonomics, Attention
- by Alison Kay
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Human Factors, Performance Management
- by Richard E Lyon
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- Chemical Engineering, Ergonomics, Human Factors, Combustion

Workers movements and their body mechanics during work, design of tools as well as work layout is important to ﬁt the task to match differences between human capabilities. The data set examined 40 physically disabled workers from different areas and backgrounds in Jordan. It consists of anthropometric measurements that are categorized into 7 key measures namely: weight, stature, hip height, knee height, elbow height, hand length, and Elbow-ﬁngertip length. Also, it includes information on the most parts that cause pain for the same participants using the discomfort questionnaire. The dataset supports the article " An integration of a QFD model with Fuzzy-ANP approach for determining the importance weights for engineering characteristics of the proposed wheelchair design"[1]. The obtained dataset can also be used to support an ergonomic and biomechanical evaluation performance of physically disabled workers as well as using it in conjunction with ISO standards for equipment design and safety. Moreover, This dataset is useful for optimizing the dimensions’ design for the physically disabled workplace as well as preparing the House of Quality to prioritize the ﬁnal design requirements.

This study examined how young healthy adults learn stilt walking. Ten healthy male university students attended
two sessions of testing held on two consecutive days. In each session participants performed three blocks of 10 stiltwalking
trials. Angular movements of head and trunk and the spatial and temporal gait parameters were recorded.
When walking on stilts young adults improved their gait velocity through modifications of step parameters while
maintaining trunk movements close to that observed during normal over-ground walking. Participants improved
their performance by increasing their step frequency and step length and reducing the double support percentage
of the gait cycle. Stilts are often used for drywall installation, painting over-the-head areas and raising workers
above the ground without the burden of erecting scaffolding. This research examines the locomotor adaptation
as young healthy adults learn the complex motor task of stilt walking; a task that is frequently used in the
construction industry.

- by Sakineh Akram
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Skill Acquisition, Adult learning
- by Pramod Kumar
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- Ergonomics, Human Factors, Injury Prevention, Safety
- by SAURABH AGARWAL
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- Management, Informatics, Knowledge Management, Ergonomics
- by Hesham Hamy
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- Aerospace Engineering, Computer Science, Structural Engineering, Ergonomics

Leading an investigation in product design about children’s home furniture, a research for a case study on evolutive chairs brought us to an approach which can point out ways for a better and more adequate practice in Design. The work of Peter Opsvik (n. 1939), a Norwegian designer, searches for a balance between traditional materials, innovative ergonomic approaches and ecological and ethical concerns. Finding elements which define Opsvik’s practice and thinking, we may conclude his theories, apart from traditional design approaches, add a valuable study in human nature and lead to a better and more complete attitude as a designer.

- by Cristina Salvador
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- Ergonomics, Product Design
- by Luis Cerna
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- Environmental Science, Environmental Economics, Environmental Education, Ergonomics
- by Deana McDonagh
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- Psychology, Ergonomics, Occupational Therapy, Focus Groups
- by mohan alexander
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- Bioinformatics, Ergonomics, Biomechanics, Human Factors
- by Jakob Axelsson
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- Ergonomics, Interaction Design, Evaluation, Interaction
- by Márcio Marçal
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- Physiotherapy, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Biomechanics
- by Senthilnathan Srinivasan
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- Ergonomics, Industrial Design
- by Mariane Xavier
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- Ergonomics, Occupational Therapy
- by Harold Beeson
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- Chemical Engineering, Ergonomics, Human Factors, Injury Prevention
- by biomed unisel
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- Human Computer Interaction, Web Design, Ergonomics

Awkward shoulder postures have been suggested to be a cause of shoulder discomfort among bakery workers. This study aimed at long-duration assessment of upper arms posture and motion and their association with perceived symptoms among bakery workers. Among workers in three types of bread systems, fifty-seven bakers were randomly selected. The self-reported rates for the perceived severity and frequency of shoulder discomfort were collected through questionnaires. Working postures and movements of the shoulders during work were continuously recorded with inclinometry measurements for three hours. Percentage of time spent with the upper arm right elevated more than 60 • was significantly correlated with the perceived discomfort rate in the right shoulder for all bakery workers (r = 0.48 to 0.63, p ≤ 0.05). A significant correlation was found between angular velocity with the perceived discomfort intensity for right upper arm. (r = 0.60 to 0.87, ≤0.005) of all workers in the three baking systems. Physical exposure in bakers was characterized by significantly more awkward postures and the percentage of time spent with the upper arms elevated more than 60 •. The current findings can facilitate more informed decisions with respect to both engineering (e.g.ergonomic workstation and tool design) and administration (e.g. work organization) control strategies.

- by Iman Dianat
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- Ergonomics, Posture
- by Teresa Sakraida
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- Ergonomics, Depression, Nonparametric Statistics, Human Factors
- by Karon Maclean
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- Information Technology, Ergonomics, Human Factors, Power Plant
- by Randall Hill
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- Artificial Intelligence, Communication, Ergonomics, Gesture

Activity-based Flexible Offices (A-FOs) are offices with unassigned desks that provide a variety of workspaces. This paper presents desk-sharing and speech rules identified in A-FOs in four Swedish organisations, the emergence of and compliance with these rules, and their consequences for work conditions. Data collection involved 105 semi-structured interviews, document analyses, and observations. The identified rules were: (1) to remove belongings, (2) temporal restrictions on using the same workstations, (3) temporal restrictions on using scarce zones, (4) restrictions on verbal interactions, and (5) restrictions on phone conversations. The cases with extensive user involvement in their planning process had explicit unambiguous rules. A better compliance with rules occurred when (i) the employees were well-prepared and had a unified understanding regarding how and why to follow the rules, (ii) the rules were explicitly communicated and were regarded as easy to follow, and (iii) fo...

- by Maral Babapour
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- Psychology, Ergonomics
- by Heikki Summala
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- Ergonomics, Violence, Human Factors, Police

Work is an important yet understudied life domain for adolescents that has important implications for their development and well-being. Work relationships, particularly with supervisors and coworkers, are critical influences on teens. To the extent these relationships are negative, as evidenced in workplace bullying, the impact on teens can be wide-ranging and enduring. In this article, research on workplace bullying and its effects is briefly summarized and used as a context for exploring adolescent experiences with bullying on the job, both in terms of their vulnerability to exposure and unique impacts. Implications of these findings for health professionals in the assessment and treatment of teens exposed to workplace bullying are discussed.

- by Loraleigh Keashly
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- Ergonomics, Human Factors, Workplace Bullying, Youth Work