Estimation of Stature Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, American Journal of Physical Anthropology

ABSTRACTAdult stature variation is commonly attributed to differential stress‐levels during development. However, due to selective mortality and heterogeneous frailty, a population's tall stature may be more indicative of high selective pressures than of positive life conditions. This article examines stature in a biocultural context and draws parallels between bioarchaeological and living populations to explore the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past. This study investigates: 1) stature differences between archaeological populations exposed to low or high stress (inferred from skeletal indicators); 2) similarities in growth retardation patterns between archaeological and living groups; and 3) the apportionment of variance in growth outcomes at the regional level in archaeological and living populations. Anatomical stature estimates were examined in relation to skeletal stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia) in two m...

2025, Asian Journal of Basic Science & Research

Background: Stature estimation in human identification has significant forensic importance. Measurements of various body parts such as head, arms, and leg can be used to estimate stature. This study was conducted to determine if there is a correlation between the stature and head length among the West Bengal population. Objective: The objective was to identify any correlation between head length and body height. Methods: Spreading caliper and standard height-measuring instrument were used for the analysis. The study included 112 adult males and 107 adult females of age 21–25 years. The two parameters (head length and body height) were measured and analysed. Results: The quantitative data collected from subjects were studied using statistical analysis. The quantitative data obtained from head length were found to have a significant positive correlation with stature. Conclusion: From the present research, we conclude that head length may be a moderately reliable parameter for stature estimation in both genders.

2025

William Rendu et al. Late juvenile cranial growth in hominids André Strauss et al. France. An accurate chronology Sahra Talamo et al.

2025, SHODHASAMHITA

The purpose of this study was to develop norms for speed test for circle style kabaddi players according to weight and height categories. With the purposive sampling technique a sample of 216 circle style male kabaddi players was taken from sixteen teams which were qualified for the league stage or qualified for the semifinal of the inter college tournament of selected universities to develop the norms. Running Speed was measured by 50 meters Run test. The test was selected from the short specific physical fitness test battery for circle style kabaddi players. (Singh T. 2018). The results were obtained through the SPSS verson 21.0. ANOVA , SCHEFFE TEST (POST HOC TEST) and Percentile scale were used to develop the norms for Speed test for circle style kabaddi players according to weight and height categories.

2025, Revue de médecine vétérinaire

RESUME Les aflatoxines sont des mycotoxines produites par différentes souches de moisissures du genre Aspergillus. Les manifestations des intoxications varient selon I'age, l'espéce, la dose et la durée de I'exposition. Chez le chien, les aflatoxicoses spontanées sont le plus souvent de type aigue ou subaigue, et dominées par une hépatite d'évolution mortelle. Le diagnostic de l'intoxication repose sur I'examen anatomo-pathologique du foie et le dosage des aflatoxines dans I'aliment. Cet article rapporte une intoxication collective de cinq chiens par de la pâte d pain contaminée par des aflatoxines. Les troubles observés sont comparés d ceux décrits dans la littérature.

2025, J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol 2020;20(2) ISSN : 0972-5687

Introduction: Identification is the determination of the individuality of a person based on certain physical characteristics that exactly fix the personality. Identifying victims in cases of mass disaster, when limited human remains are present, is quite a challenging task. Usually peripheral extremities of human body are used in estimating stature. In situations where only skull is available, teeth play an important role in personal identification. The present study used Carrea's index in stature estimation using tooth dimensions. Aim: To compare the accuracy of Carrea's method in estimating height of adult human and to evaluate the difference in the accuracy of stature estimation with respect to sides of dentition, gender and different types of dental alignment. Material and Methodology: The study consisted of a total of 200 hemiarches from 100 consenting subjects of the age group 18 to 30 years. For this study, data were collected from undergraduate students and volunteers after taking their consent. Estimation of stature was done using Carrea's Index. Results: When Chi square test was used to test statistical significance in estimating stature using Carrea's index, it was found to be significant with respect to only gender, and not significant with respect to side of hemiarches and type of dentition. The ANOVA of linear regression analysis of height and its predictors (i.e., arch and chord) was tested for statistically significance, chord was found to be more significant than arch. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Carrea´s index is a reliable method for height estimation in arches with normal and crowded dentition, useful for both sexes, although in our study more accuracy in stature estimation was obtained for female subjects than male, and for both right and left side of the mandibular arch.

2025, Jurnal Sains …

The study was conducted to create specific formulae for stature estimation of adult male population in Malaysia based on measurements of femur, tibia and fibula lengths using radiographic method. A number of thirty two Malaysians from... more

2025, Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background: Determining adult height from clavicle length is an interdisciplinary endeavor intersecting forensic anthropology, medicine, and bioarchaeology. This method is pivotal in forensic investigations and anthropological research, offering insights into individuals' biological characteristics across various populations. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over three years at SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, involving 100 healthy adult volunteers. Clavicle length and stature were measured, and demographic data including age, sex, and ethnicity were recorded. Statistical analyses, including correlation and multiple regression, were performed to explore the relationship between clavicle length and stature while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between clavicle length and stature (r = 0.62), with males exhibiting a slightly stronger correlation than females. Multiple regression analysis revealed clavicle length as a significant predictor of stature (β = 0.61, p < 0.001), with sex also contributing significantly to the model (β = 0.24, p = 0.003). Ethnicity and age did not significantly affect the relationship between clavicle length and stature within the sample. Conclusion: Clavicle length serves as a reliable indicator for estimating adult height, with implications for forensic identification and anthropological research. The study underscores the importance of population-specific equations for improving accuracy in height estimations. Recommendation: Further research should explore additional factors influencing the relationship between clavicle length and stature, such as nutritional status and geographical variations. Population-specific studies are warranted to enhance the applicability of claviclebased stature estimation methods.

2025, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Stature estimation is an important step to create a biological profile for human identification of unknown individuals in forensic anthropological practice, and it is well known that the long bone length is highly correlated with this feature. The purpose of the present study is to develop formulae for height estimation, based on simple linear regression model for humerus, femur and tibia in Mexican contemporary population. Stature was taken in 56 males and 30 female corpses as well as maximum length of three long bones of the limbs after autopsy following the Menéndez et al. (2014) criteria, at the Facultad de Medicina (School of Medicine) of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Based on this data, equations for each sex and for the three long bones were developed, obtaining a highly significant (p < .001) linear regression models with correlation coefficients of r = 0.820 for female femur and r = 0.855 for male tibia. In this manner, the new formulae provide better and reliable results of stature estimation for the contemporary population of Mexico.

2025, Diario de Campo

Título del artículo en inglés: "Implications of the geographical topography and the means of sustenance found in the body structure of the Pre-Hispanic groups located in Chiapas: a biomechanical viewpoint" diariodecampo.mx Se trata de comprender los procesos de microadaptación biológica en grupos de población maya prehispánica del estado de Chiapas, durante los periodos Clásico y Posclásico (300 a.C.-1500 d.C.), a través del análisis de un conjunto de 13 parámetros biomecánicos que tienen que ver con la resistencia y fragilidad ósea, los cuales se aplicaron en 59 fémures masculinos. A nivel geográfico, los resultados obtenidos no nos indican diferencias significativas. Sin embargo, a nivel temporal encontramos diferencias significativas importantes entre los que vivieron en la región de la planicie-selva y en la región montañosa chiapaneca. Esto nos indica que las diferencias establecidas no son imputables al medio ambiente biológico y físico, sino a las circunstancias sociopolíticas que se vivieron durante los periodos culturales señalados.

2025, Medievalismo. Revista de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales

La estimación de la estatura nos permite conocer las características físicas de una población además de ayudarnos a interpretar las diferencias o similitudes con otros grupos, tanto cercanos como lejanos geográfica y/o cronológicamente. En este artículo presentamos nuevos datos sobre una muestra proveniente de los trabajos arqueológicos de un sector del cementerio medieval judío de Toledo conocido como Cerro de la Horca. A través del estudio comparativo de la estatura, planteamos la hipótesis de si la talla de los individuos inhumados presenta un perfil mediterráneo o si, por el contrario, refleja la existencia de un flujo migratorio exterior. Las dificultades que surgen cuando se estudia una muestra de origen judío convierte este estudio en una oportunidad pocas veces disponible.

2024

Forensic anthropology occupies an important place and a branch which was earlier a part of physical anthropology, has now not only achieved differentiation, but has emerged as a distinct discipline. It achieves its orientation and subject matter from forensic science. [1][2][3]. "Forensic science' may be defined as "scientific discipline which is directed to the recognition, identification, individualization and evaluation of the physical evidence by the application of principles and methods of natural sciences for the purpose of administration of criminal justice". Thus, forensic anthropology is the use of anthropology to gather and examine scientific evidence. Evidence can be defined as any object or statement by a witness that has bearing in a court of law. Evidence can take two forms: testimonial and physical (real) evidence. Testimonial evidence is evidence given in the form of statements made under oath, usually in response to questioning.

2024

Identification of a decedent is one of the primary goals of forensic anthropologists. In order to do this, one must build a biological profile based on the remains that are provided. Sex, age, ancestry, and stature are four of the most common, however a fifth addition piece of information that could be beneficial is body mass. The goal of this research is to explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass, using data collected from dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of 107 collegiate football athletes. Athletes are a good fit for this study because they have achieved or almost achieved their peak bone mass by this age, and the weight fluctuations that occur throughout an individual's lifetime have yet to occur. The bone mineral density values were analyzed by individual body sections (arms, legs, and pelvis) as well as the total body. The analysis calculated correlations between the different BMD sections and variables such as height, weight, and ancestral background. The results show that there is not a strong relationship between BMD and body mass of young, male, collegiate football players. In European Americans, the sample had a higher correlation of arm BMD to body weight than leg BMD. In contrast in the African American sample they had a higher correlation of leg BMD to body weight. The findings of this study are similar to others using DEXA and other body mass measures in that the estimations are not sufficiently reliable for forensic purposes.

2024, Archivio per l’Antropologia e la Etnologia

Human Stature is a widely used index of both individuals and populations. Stature is a sensitive measure of a series of factors including gender, age, social status, and environment. Human biologists and historians can use information on stature to better understand the human condition through the ages. There are three goals of this paper: 1. review previous studies of height; 2. remeasure adult bones and expand sample sizes; 3. provide three free databases (long bone length; average height of populations; average agerelated stature. However, the aim of this paper is not to present an exhaustive analysis of the Secular trend in Sicily. The samples range from the Paleolithic to the Contemporary Age. The data consist of measures from 82 adult specimens and includes the average stature of 28 Sicilian populations and the average stature from 11 different periods (plus modern Italians). A few examples of statistical analyses are presented to illustrate the potential, reliability, and reproducibility
of the databases.

2024

(вторая половина XIV -начало XV в.) 1 Резюме. В статье приводится анализ остеологического материала из слоев второй половины XIV -начала XV в. из раскопа «Богемия» Неревского конца Великого Новгорода. 639 изученных костей принадлежали 452 животным. Состав животных типичен для других одновременных слоев Великого Новгорода, для которых характерен большой процент костей рыб и диких водоплавающих птиц.

2024, The Mayanist

En este trabajo presentamos y discutimos los resultados de estudios convencionales (bioarqueológicos y tafonómicos) y especiales (paleogenómica, isotopía e histomorfología) de por lo menos 27 individuos primarios recuperados por el Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala entre 2011 y 2016 en dos cámaras profundas de la Cueva Este 2 de Ixkun, El Petén, Guatemala. La mayoría de los restos mortales todavía se encontraron articulados dentro de su lodoso fondo. Con su estudio interdisciplinar deseamos ofrecer nuevas luces sobre el aprovechamiento de abrigos y cuevas como espacios para depositar restos humanos en actos rituales que presumimos estaban relacionados con el género femenino y tratamientos mortuorios selectivos. De lado, la reconstrucción interdisciplinaria de los datos vitales de cada uno de los individuos deja al descubierto las condiciones de vida en el sureste del Petén guatemalteco, sus familias, sus procedencias y muerte en los tiempos todavía anteriores al auge económico y crecimiento poblacional que Ixkun y sus aliados verían durante los dos siglos y medio venideros.

2024

Stature or standing height is defined as distance between head vertex and standing surface. Reconstruction of the stature is one of the important aspects of various parameters of identification for establishing the individuality of a person. The present study was done to estimate the stature from upper arm length of individuals having age group of 17-25. Authors have studied 200 male and 200 female, healthy subjects in Department of Anatomy, SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar. All individuals were measured for height and upper arm length. The data thus obtained has been subjected to statistical computation for deriving the regression equations. The results obtained concluded that upper arm length in male and female North Indians exhibit highly significant correlation. This conclusion will be of utmost importance to anthropologist and forensic experts in estimation of stature where mutilated, decomposed or fragmentary skeletal remains are recovered. INTRODU...

2024

Introduction: The middle third of the superior surface of calcaneus carries the posterior talar facet, oval and convex antero-posteriorly, for articulation with body of talus. Morphology of the facies articularis talaris of calcaneus plays an important role in statics and dynamics of the foot. This study was undertaken to introduce quantitative parameters in description of talar articular facets of calcaneus. Methods: Material for the study comprised of 200 dry (100 right, and 100 left) adult calcanei of unknown age and sex. They were obtained by maceration from cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India. Each calcaneum was examined for various patterns of articulating facets for talus. The data were compared with earlier studies. Results: Type I calcanei were most common (72.5%). Type II calcanei were 25.5%. Sub-type A was found in 10.5% cases, and Sub-type B were found in 15 cases. Sub-type C was not found in the present study. Type III calcanei was 1.5%, and Type IV were 0.5%. Conclusion: Configurations of articular facets influence sub-talar joint stability. Joints with two-facet configuration are comparatively more stable. This fact necessitates modifications of the surgical techniques for performing calcaneal osteotomy.

2024, Journal of human evolution

The existence of calcanei in the fossil record prior to modern humans and Neandertals is very scarce. This skeletal element is fundamental to understanding the evolution of the morphology of the foot in human evolution. Here we present and metrically and comparatively describe 29 calcaneus remains from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). These calcanei belong to 15 individuals (nine adults, two adolescents and four immature individuals). The metric and morphological differences in the calcanei among Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins tend to be subtle. However, the calcanei from SH are broad and robust with large articular surfaces and most significantly, exhibit a very projected sustentaculum tali. A biomechanical and phylogenetic interpretation is proffered to explain the observed morphology of these calcanei. It has been possible to propose tentative sex assignments for the SH calcanei based on size, using methods similar...

2024, Egyptian journal of forensic sciences

Background: The stature of a living human reflects the nutritional, genetic, and disease patterns of individual experiences. This study adopted a simple linear regression method and R 2 values to identify the preferred model for stature estimation based on the lengths of the arm, radius, ulna, and hand; breadth of the hand; and circumference of the wrist of the adult Bangladeshi male population. This cross-sectional study was performed in the Anatomy Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2009 to June 2011. One hundred right-handed adult Muslim Bangladeshi males aged 25 to 45 years participated in the study. Results: The regression model using right and left ulnar length explained 63% of the measured stature with the least standard error of the estimate (0.435 and 0.436), the model using left and right arm length explained 60%, the model using left and right radius length explained 51%, and the model using left-and right-hand length explained 44% of the measured stature. However, the models using left and right handbreadth and wrist circumference explained only 11 to 13% of the measured stature with a higher standard error of the estimate (6.66 to 6.73). For 25-to 45-year-old Bangladeshi Muslim males, the ulnar length of both sides was the best predictor of stature. Conclusions: Linear regression equations in estimating stature effectively may encourage its application in future studies addressing different age groups, sexes, nutritional statuses, religions, and ethnicities of Bangladesh.

2024, Estatura y Niveles de Vida en el Perú, 1895-2014

Entre fines del siglo XIX y los inicios del XXI, la estatura promedio de los peruanos varones aumentó en 1,7 cm, mientras que la de las mujeres se incrementó en 1,6 cm. A pesar de que hubo fluctuaciones por las que se registraron retrocesos leves, la tendencia fue hacia la recuperación y el lento crecimiento. En la década de 1960, se inició un periodo en el que la estatura avanzó, aunque sin dar saltos. Estamos ante un crecimiento poco significativo. Al compararlo con Colombia, incluso con Chile, se aprecia que el peruano no es un caso exitoso de bienestar biológico. El
trabajo muestra que, a pesar de la inexistencia de políticas de salud y educación en el campo, y a pesar de las crisis económicas, la mayoría de la población peruana —que hasta inicios de los años sesenta era campesina— pudo mantener su estatura sin experimentar retrocesos, lo que sería un reflejo de la resistencia y efectividad de la economía campesina de subsistencia. Esa misma economía de subsistencia
—unida a factores como la incursión en el mercado y las tibias ayudas del Estado— sería responsable, a partir de los años sesenta, de que la estatura de los campesinos, que para entonces representaba el 30 por ciento de la población, no experimentase retrocesos catastróficos. Los avances poco significativos en la estatura, logrados en el área urbana, donde se concentra el 70 por ciento de la población, muestran claramente las falencias económicas y políticas de la república al mismo tiempo que cuestionan las aproximaciones al nivel de vida que se apoya en indicadores como el PBI. La presencia del racismo, el centralismo y la discriminación de género también juega un papel importante en los determinantes de la estatura

2024, The University of Southern Mississippi, Graduate School

Identification of a decedent is one of the primary goals of forensic anthropologists. In order to do this, one must build a biological profile based on the remains that are provided. Sex, age, ancestry, and stature are four of the most common, however a fifth addition piece of information that could be beneficial is body mass. The goal of this research is to explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass, using data collected from dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of 107 collegiate football athletes. Athletes are a good fit for this study because they have achieved or almost achieved their peak bone mass by this age, and the weight fluctuations that occur throughout an individual’s lifetime have yet to occur. The bone mineral density values were analyzed by individual body sections (arms, legs, and pelvis) as well as the total body. The analysis calculated correlations between the different BMD sections and variables such as height, weight, and ancestral background. The results show that there is not a strong relationship between BMD and body mass of young, male, collegiate football players. In European Americans, the sample had a higher correlation of arm BMD to body weight than leg BMD. In contrast in the African American sample they had a higher correlation of leg BMD to body weight. The findings of this study are similar to others using DEXA and other body mass measures in that the estimations are not sufficiently reliable for forensic purposes.

2024, SSRN Electronic Journal

Stature is one of the characteristic elements of the biological profile, allowing the identification of human bone remains in a forensic context. Stature has a strong relationship of proportionality with the long bones of the lower limb. This study focuses on the biometric exploitation of the whole-bone tibia to estimate stature. The objective is to evaluate the performance of different stature estimation methods using various measurements. In addition, the use of age correction factors was studied in order to observe their influences. Materials and Methods: The study was based on a sample of 91 tibias (43 males and 48 females) from the Belgian population for which 20 standard measurements were taken. A total of 28 regression equations from eight methods were used with or without the inclusion of two correction factors. The performance of the methods was evaluated by exploiting the estimation errors and the number of individuals included in the area of acceptability defined for the study. Results: The tibia measurements were reproducible. The most effective for stature estimation were bone lengths. The whole-bone methods developed in the 21st century was the most efficient, and the application of correction factors allowed for the improvement of the equations. Discussion and conclusion: The best performing method is Nikita et al. 2017, and the correction age best emphasizing stature estimation was 30 years. Equations for females provided the majority of the best results, followed by those for undetermined sex.

2024

In order to make a dimensional proportion between human and equipment or environment, anthropometric data bank is essential. Anthropometry has an important role in industrial management and ergonomic design. This information is needed to be collected regularly in every society. The purpose of this study was to determine arm length to height ratio according to gender in adults, between ages 19-21 in students of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was performed on 100 students (50 males and 50 females) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences (aged 19-21 years). Participants were selected randomly and they didn't have any physical deformities or any previous history of trauma. Standing height (stature) and upper arm length (UAL) were measured for each subject. Measurements were performed in standard position. Results: The mean age of cases was 21±1.32 years. Mean age of male cases was 20±1.2 years and female cases was 21±1.81 years and there wasn't significant difference in the age of sex groups (P=0.219). A significant differences were observed in the height between the two sexes (P=0.0001, and Table 1). Also, there was a significant difference in the upper arm length of sex groups (P=0.0001). In addition, there was a correlation between height and upper arm length of cases (r =0.716, P=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results, UAL can be a reliable factor for predicting the stature in Iranian medical students.

2024

The use in this work of a diet model differentiated between Neanderthals and early modern humans, based on the need for a diet rich in protein to maintain robust morphology and muscle hypertrophy in elite weightlifting and throwing athletes, with anatomical adaptations similar to Neanderthals, allows establishing an increase of 81.92% of the population of modern humans with respect to Neanderthals. This must have played an essential role in the extinction of the latter, due to the competition to obtain a greater amount of daily protein (121.89 gr/day for each Neanderthal versus 67 gr/day for each modern human) to maintain 30% more muscle mass (

2024, Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences

By using the failure information and the cumulative test execution time obtained by performing the reliability growth test, it is possible to estimate the parameter of the reliability growth model, and the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the product can be predicted through the parameter estimation. However the failure information could be acquired periodically or the number of sample data of the obtained failure information could be small. Because there are various constraints such as the cost and time of test or the characteristics of the product. This may cause the error of the parameter estimation of the reliability growth model to increase. In this study, the Bayesian method is applied to estimating the parameters of the reliability growth model when the number of sample data for the fault information is small. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of Bayesian method is more accurate than that of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) respectively in estimation the parameters of the reliability growth model.

2024

Essai de paléonutrition appliqué à trois populations médiévales belges (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Université libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des sciences, Bruxelles.

2024, Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Many attempts have been made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between crainofacial measurements and body stature, since the craniofacial remains may be the only available for postmortem examination. This study is to compare craniofacial anthropometric ratios between Egyptian and Bengali populations and to find out the correlation between craniofacial anthropometric measurements and stature with suggesting regression formulae in both populations for stature reconstruction from these dimensions. This cross-sectional analytical study included 100 subjects; 60 Egyptians and 40 Bengalis aged from 18-60 years with normal face patterns. Stature and four craniofacial parameters as maximum head length & breadth, and maximum face breadth &length were measured. The results showed that, all crainofacial parameters were significantly higher in Egyptian males than females. Maximum facial length was significantly higher in Egyptians than Bengalis of both sexes. However, maximum facial breadth and maximum head length were significantly higher in Bengalis than Egyptians of both sexes. The highest correlation coefficient with stature was exhibited by maximum facial breadth in Bengali males (r=0.60), maximum facial length in Egyptian males (r=0.42). On the other hand, in Egyptian and Bengali females, maximum head length showed highest correlation coefficient with stature (r=0.37& r=0.89 respectively). Therefore, the prediction of stature is more reliable from facial dimensions in Bengali and Egyptian males and from cephalic length in both Egyptian and Bengali females.

2024, International journal of scientific research

Introduction: The height of an individual is a very important parameter for establishing the identification. The height can be indirectly estimated from different parts of the skeleton. Such estimations are of great use in anthropometry, forensic science, and anatomy. Ulna bone has been chosen because it is subcutaneous and can be used for measurements. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the height of an individual from the length of ulna using a derived equation and to compare the results with other studies done in different populations. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 200 students of the NIMS MEDICAL COLLEGE of India. The age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 30 years and was healthy without any skeletal deformity. After getting written consent from the subject, the height of the individual was measured from vertex to heel and the length of both right and left ulna bones was measured from olecranon process to styloid process. The data was tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: The correlation coefficient between ulna length and stature is 0.33 in males, 0.26 in females and 0.05564 in combined. And P value is P <.001 The regressions equation derived are: For males: Y=25.99X For females: Y=23.05X For both male & female (combined): Y=24.56X±17.27 Conclusion: The ulna bone length is a reliable and accurate parameter which is used in estimating the height of an individual. The regression equation, is derived from this study it can be of great help to anatomists, clinicians, anthropologists and forensic scientists.

2024, Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article Establishing the identity of an individual in cases of mass disasters or when dismembered body parts are found is one of the significant Forensic investigations. Stature is a very important factor helping identity establishment in all cases of identification. With the aim to help cases of forensic identification, this study attempts to estimate the stature of an adult Nepalese from the length of index finger (2DL) and the ring finger (4DL). The study was carried out on a randomly selected cross sectional sample of 250 adult Nepalese students of third and fourth year MBBS and BDS

2024, American Journal of Physical Anthropology

2023, International journal of odontostomatology

The Carrea's index is an alternative to estimate the human stature. However, in cases when the jaw is affected, this technique becomes impracticable. Expanding the use of the Carrea's index, by extending it to the upper elements, would increase the chances of the method, especially in cases when only the skull is available for analysis. The aim of the study was to test a new denominator for Carrea's index, so that it could be used for the upper arch, aiming at a new feature to estimate human stature. Plaster models of the arch and the string of the upper arch of 107 dentistry students, aged between 18 and 30 years, previously submitted to anthropometric analysis, were measured with a digital caliper. The data found were inserted in software developed to find a denominator that would result in a higher number of correct answers to real statures, evaluating the left and the right hemiarch, and their average. For the right hemiarch, the denominator with more accuracy for the real stature was the interval from 2.573 to 2.583, with 58.9 %. For the left hemiarch, the best values were from 2.553 to 2.554 with 63.6 %. The average of hemiarchs had as ideal denominator values between 2.579 and 2.581, with 60.7 %. We found no significant statistical difference between denominators. It was possible to obtain a new denominator to apply Carrea's index for the upper arch. The new method had satisfactory accuracy rate and should be tested in other populations to verify its applicability.

2023, PaleoAnthropology

The Neanderthal site of Cueva Des-Cubierta Cave (CDC, Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain) has yielded an anomalous archaeological assemblage in level 3, characterized by the presence of Mousterian industry, an anthropically modified faunal record dominated by cranial remains of large ungulates with defensive cranial appendages [1-2], and the existence of abundant remains affected by fire. The unusual characteristics of the site stress the need to investigate and evaluate the site’s integrity. Spatial statistical analyses are proving to be of great use for interpreting site formation processes at archaeological sites. Cave contexts, such as the one presented here, represent a greater challenge than open-air sites given their sedimentary characteristics, however powerful tools exist that help expose hidden associations in the spatial distributions of archaeological remains. Here, we present an analysis of the spatial point pattern of CDC level 3 in its vertical section, which explores the spatial distribution, varying intensity, and the degree and type of spatial association of dolomitic clasts and different types of archaeological materials, including faunal remains -with particular attention to the cranial remains-, lithic industry, rubefacted limestones, and charcoals. We evaluate Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR), estimate the intensity of the spatial point pattern using kernel density maps, explore the presence of hot spots or areas of high intensity using scan tests, and examine interpoint interaction through the application of the inhomogeneous versions of the K, pair correlation and mark connection functions. All analyses take into consideration several features of the remains, e.g., size and type of the remains or whether they have been damaged by fire. The results suggest notable differences in the distribution of the different types of archaeological remains and natural clasts. The multimodal distribution of archaeological remains with several peaks along the z-axis shows variability depending on the type and size of materials. The spatial pattern of burnt remains presents several hot spots, especially in the case of rubefacted clasts. Interestingly, faunal and lithic remains present contrasting spatial patterns. These differences will be explored in more detail in future spatial analyses that take into consideration additional techno-typological data for the lithic industry and zooarchaeological variables for the faunal remains. Our results support the general stratigraphic integrity of the site and contribute to the interpretation of the formation history of Cueva Des-Cubierta Cave.

2023, PaleoAnthropology

The study and interpretation of the evidence that demonstrates the controlled use of fire by Neanderthal groups in an archaeological context, i.e. pyroarchaeology, relies on various disciplines which, when put together, could reveal the existence of intentional combustion processes in situ. In the case of the Mousterian site of Cueva Des-Cubierta (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid), combustion processes are evident through the wide range of different archaeological remains recovered that seem affected by thermoalteration.
In addition, the human groups that inhabited the site have left their most visible mark in the form of an important collection of Mousterian lithic industry and abundant faunal remains, that include an unusual quantity of horned crania [1-2].
The Late Pleistocene stratigraphic succession of this site is made up by a clast-supported deposit. The circulation of water inside the cavity, as well as the complex sedimentary nature of the site, make it difficult to preserve the characteristic macroscopic elements of the combustion structures (ash or charred darkened sediment).
To confirm the evidence of in situ combustion in the interior of the cavity we applied a micro-contextual approach that includes micromorphology and organic geochemistry methodologies.
Analytical techniques in biomolecular archaeology allow us to obtain quantifiable data on the preserved lipid compounds. The separation and isolation of the different lipid fractions is carried out with extraction and derivatization processes that facilitates the detection of the chromatographic peaks of each compound through instrumental techniques. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) allows detection of different molecular compounds contained in the sediment.
Here we present the results of the lipid compounds from an exhaustive experimental study. The experimental programme was performed to provide referential data at the microscopic and molecular scale in order to later approach the archaeological evidence collected at the site.
Four open-air hearths were built and were monitored in order to control the temperature reached, both on the surface and at depth. In addition, different materials (lithics, bones, speleothems and sediments) were included in these experiments and were recovered and thoroughly documented through their archaeological excavation.
The specific sampling of sediment from both the experimental hearths and the areas of the site presumably affected by combustion, allow the analysis and identification of various biomarkers related to the use of fire. Our first results show that the n-alkanes, one of the best preserved lipid biomarkers in the sedimentary record, experience certain degrees of biodegradation when exposed to different temperatures
This differential degradation of the n-alkane profiles obtained from the different experimental hearths sheds light on the degradation patterns of these biomarkers depending on the different variables related to combustion (temperature, fuel, sedimentary matrix). Obtaining data related to the other lipid fractions (aromatics, ketones and fatty acids) from both the experimental and archaeological samples will allow us to delve deeper into the characteristics of the combustion processes present in Cueva Des-Cubierta and their implications both for the formation of the hearth palimpsest and fire-related human behavior.

2023, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences

Buena Pinta Cave (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid) has been interpreted as a hyena den with sporadic occupations of Homo neanderthalensis in the western part of the site (level 23). In order to identify the different formation processes in this area of the site, spatial analyses have been carried out with GIS and spatial statistics based on the taphonomic analysis of the faunal remains. Based on the vertical and sectional analyses of the assemblage, it has been possible to determine that level 23 actually corresponds to three archaeological levels with well-differentiated characteristics: a lower level with few faunal remains and fossil-diagenetic alterations related to humid environments associated with clays; an intermediate level with a high percentage of remains with water-related modifications and evidences of transport; and an upper level delimited mainly thanks to by a paraconformity evidenced by the concentration of weathered remains in this area and a significant reduction in remains with water-related alterations above. The results obtained show the necessity to redefine field layers and the usefulness of integrating taphonomic data and spatial studies.

2023, Homo-journal of Comparative Human Biology

Body mass and stature estimation methods used in biological anthropology require materials with known body size information. There are several types of body size data that can be associated with skeletal collections. However, discussion regarding the reliability and suitability of these types of information for anthropological research is scarce. This paper focuses on differences between reported and recorded cadaver weights and heights associated with a modern donated skeletal collection, similar to these commonly used in anthropological research. In addition, the study identifies factors that may influence these discrepancies. The results show statistically significant differences between reported and cadaver body size information. Generally, reported weights, statures and body mass indices (BMI) were greater compared to the cadaver information in this sample. However, potential effects on these discrepancies varied depending on sex and information type. Age was found to influence stature discrepancy in females, and donation type had an effect on the female weight discrepancy. The results also show that body size range (weight, stature and BMI) can contribute to these discrepancies. Even though the differences between reported and cadaver data may not be significant at the population level, the individual variation can cause misclassifications of individuals depending on the data used. This study encourages researchers using modern documented collections and their body size information to openly acknowledge the types of weight and stature data used and to discuss potential problems associated with them.

2023, Natural Product Communications

The primal discipline from which pharmacy has developed can be considered as pharmacognosy. This review defines pharmacognosy while reflecting on the latest development and discourse about its justifiability in the educational system in pharmaceutical faculties and the history of development of new drugs under the influence of pharmacognosy. The article defines the status quo of the pharmacognosy area, or more precisely its parts (biology, chemistry, production, and technology) and discusses their connections. It underlines the legitimacy of application of natural drugs in therapy, which is undeniable, and proves that whether a new drug was prepared either synthetically or isolated from a natural source is not important. The overview follows the basic requirements of pharmacognosy, especially its methodology (usage of faster and more effective phyto-analytical methods, reverse pharmacology, and reverse pharmacognosy, in silico methods). Pharmacognosy is confronted by three major cha...

2023, South African Journal of Science

Stature reconstruction from skeletal remains forms part of the forensic anthropological analysis for the purpose of identification of the individual. The aim of this study was to derive regression formulae for the estimation of total skeletal height, and thereafter to predict stature in South African whites using long bone lengths. The sample comprised 98 white male and 71 white female skeletons from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons and the Pretoria Bone Collection. For each individual, total skeletal heights and maximum long bone lengths were measured and used to produce univariate regression formulae, with resulting correlations (r) ranging between 0.56 and 0.96. The lowest standard error of estimate (1.75 for females, 1.92 for males) was obtained when the lumbar spine, femur and tibia were used in combination, while the highest SEE (5.21 for females, 5.54 for males) was found when the lumbar spine was used on its own. Recently published corrections for soft tissue additions to obtain living height from total skeletal height make these kinds of formulae more usable, and will reduce the problem of underestimation. The derived formulae are population specific and are designed for use in forensic skeletal analyses of South African whites, but are also generally relevant to theoretical and practical issues in forensic anthropology.

2023, Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris

2023, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Prediction of stature in forensic medicine and anthropology is one of the most important tools in forensic identification. This study is aimed at generating group-specific stature equations that produce the most accurate results. The study was conducted on 140 cadavers (78 males, 62 females) of ages ranging from 18 to 50 years. Ulna and tibia lengths of the cadavers, as well as body height, were measured using two different methods. Values of ulna and tibia were classified into three groups; long ulna/tibia, medium ulna/tibia, and short ulna/tibia, by using 15th and 85th percentile values as cutoff points, and then least square regression equations were generated for each group. The results of these bone length sensitive formulae are compared with the results obtained using the classical general formula. Comparisons highlight that group-specific formulae give more accurate results than those of general the formula making them better suited to estimation of stature versus than the general formula in forensic cases.

2023, Forensic Science International

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2023

2023, Current Anthropology

2023, Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine

Identification is necessary for living persons, dead persons, decomposed bodies, and mutilated and burnt bodies. In some cases where long
bones are not available; the fresh sternal length can be used for stature estimation. Forty male cases belonging to the ethnic Meitei
population within the age group 14-70 years were studied. Linear regression analysis was applied for the different sternal lengths to derive
regression equations for the estimation of the stature of the study population. The linear regression obtained for the length of the
manubrium, length of the body, combined length of the manubrium and the body and the total sternal lengths were Y=5.7641X +138.53, 1
Y=2.277X +140.6, Y=2.3229X +128.81 and Y=2.4786X +116.05 respectively. The maximum correlation was observed for the total 2 3 4
sternal length (R=0.569) followed by manubrium (R=0.475), the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum (R=0.462) and
mesosternum (0.374). The study showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between all the sternal measurements with the
cadaveric length.

2023, International journal of odontostomatology