Ethnic Identities Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

This paper provides a long-term analysis of Kadmos' figure, a Greek symbol of Phoenicia, from the Archaic to the Hellenistic and Roman period. The analysis emphasizes his aptitude to build bridges between Phoenicia and Greece and to illustrate the traditional categories of "self " and "other", "Greek" and "Barbarian", which gradually blurred according to new historical agendas. Kadmos, because of his complex kinship bonds, is used by different authors in different contexts and performances to embody a broad set of cross-cultural strategies and transactions. The paper shows how Kadmos was an excellent resource to combine different worlds, in different periods.

2025

International audienceThis paper provides a long-term analysis of Kadmos’ figure, a Greek symbol of Phoenicia, from the Archaic to the Hellenistic and Roman period. The analysis emphasizes his aptitude to build bridges between Phoenicia and Greece and to illustrate the traditional categories of “self ” and “other”, “Greek” and “Barbarian”, which gradually blurred according to new historical agendas. Kadmos, because of his complex kinship bonds, is used by different authors in different contexts and performances to embody a broad set of cross-cultural strategies and transactions. The paper shows how Kadmos was an excellent resource to combine different worlds, in different periods

2025, Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

This article examines fractures in the social representations of a contested peace agreement in the longstanding territorial conflict of Mindanao. We compared representational structures and discourses about the peace talks among Muslims and Christians. Study One used an open-ended survey of 420 Christians and Muslims from two Mindanao cities identified with different Islamised tribes, and employed the hierarchical evocation method to provide representational structures of the peace agreement. Study Two contrasted discourses about the Memorandum of Agreement between two Muslim liberation fronts identified with separate Islamised tribes in Mindanao. Findings show unified Christians’ social representations about the peace agreement. However, Muslims’ social representations diverge along the faultlines of the Islamised ethnic groups. Findings are examined in the light of ethnopolitical divides that emerge among apparently united nonmigrant groups, as peace agreements address territoria...

2025

Since its beginnings, the history of western thought has considered language and politics as a definition what it is to be human. This article will focus on the main problems of linguistic policies in Albania, the present problems and the future developments in the framework of integration into the EU. Linguistic identity is largely a political matter. As a result, either its background or its language itself gives the main characteristic of a nation. Nowadays, discussion revolves round the issue of a unique, global language. English has the role of the main language spoken all around the world.

2025, In Minorities & Democracies. Minorities and Democracies. Ed. Fathi Bourmeche and Sadok Damak. Sfax, Tunisia: Contact Editions. 91-110. [ISBN: 978-9909-755-07-5]

The comprehensive counter-radicalization efforts by Warith Deen Muhammad to
reform the Nation of Islam, a group of African American converts, constituted a
watershed in this Muslim minority’s experience. The rationale for this chapter is
to understand how this religious minority managed to elude extremism. Therein,
I mainly look at the approach these people have elaborated since 1975 under the
instigation of Warith Deen Muhammad to circumvent erstwhile doctrinal
rigidities. To this end, I investigate spokespersons’ declarations and the
available literature reflecting their stances, attitudes, and reactions conducive to
the newly adopted mindset of deradicalization observed among these converts
over the last four decades. From a social-psychological perspective, I speculate
that deradicalization in the case under consideration has been motivated by
identity valorization. Then, postulating that deradicalization can be a process
whereby individuals or groups, of their own accord, relinquish extremist
ideology, I analyze the strategy of valorization pursued by this minority and
argue that it has worked out innovative practices that cut with the minority’s
fundamentalist past. It turns out that Warith Deen Muhammad initiated a
process of self-deradicalization. The findings also show how he sought
reintegration into mainstream society, demonstrating that reconversion in one’s
own culture could provide the pathway for a moderate religiosity.

2025

Mercoledì 4 giugno, a causa di un male fulminante, Jean-Paul Guillaumet ci ha lasciati per sempre. La sua scomparsa all'età di 77 anni colpisce profondamente la vasta comunità scientifica e tecnico-amministrativa di Bibracte, l'esistenza... more

2025

The study of Southeast Asian religious conflicts paradoxically downplays the role of religion in these struggles in favour of essentially nationalist grievances. New insights from the natural sciences suggest that religion should be brought back to the fore in such studies. SOUTHEAST Asia seems to be going through a period of religiously-motivated unrest. Indonesian Islamist militants recently bombed a popular Buddhist temple in Jakarta, in apparent retaliation for violence on Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. The fragile truce between the Buddhist Thai State and Patani Malay-Muslim insurgents in the troubled Deep South of Thailand seems to have shattered, while the nascent peace process between the Catholic Philippine State and Moro Muslim insurgents in Central Mindanao appears similarly stressed. Furthermore, continuing troubles between the Buddhist Myanmar State and its Rohingya and wider Muslim community have generated regional impacts as well. However, prevailing analysis of these troubles appears largely driven, not by a religious perspective, but by a socioeconomic, political and ultimately nationalist standpoint. An influential school of thought suggests that these conflicts only appear religious on the surface, while what really drives them are nationalist political and socioeconomic concerns cloaked in religious garb. In short religion is but a means to an end. Hence religious idioms -whether Islamic or Buddhist as the case may be -merely serve as an ideological mechanism to

2025, Dosier: Más allá del canon: mujeres artistas, mecenas y coleccionistas

Resumen: El objetivo del análisis se centra en atender al imaginario eurocéntrico de las representaciones visuales sobre las mujeres indígenas de América en la época moderna, empleando como referentes los casos de Malinche (Malintzin, Malinalli, doña Marina) y Pocahontas (Matoaka, Rebecca Rolfe) a través de la observación de las analogías y las diferencias iconográficas correspondientes, con el fin de identificar artística y textualmente la continuidad y variación del rol de la indígena colaboracionista.

2025, Primordialism, perennialism, modernism and ethno-symbolism: The perception of homeland and identity among Azerbaijani Lezgins

The state of ethnic self-perception amongst Lezgins, one of Azerbaijan's largest ethnic minorities, has been in constant realignment in the post-Soviet period, as borders both physical and cultural have been built up or brought down, facilitating a multifaceted perspective of members of the same ethnic community. In the contemporary context, relative ethnic isolation of portions of the Lezgin population has resulted in perceived characteristics becoming the focal point for individuals' ethnic identities, with theories such as primordialism, perennialism, ethno-symbolism and modernism becoming the primary explanatory features for where these hypothetical lines may be drawn. The research on this case study has sought to see what differences in perceptions between Lezgin communities from different districts of Azerbaijan there are and to what degree it affects their ethno-political identity. Research through ethnographic narrative interviews has analyzed ethnic self-narratives of individuals from Azerbaijani regions of Qusar, Quba, Gabala, Ismayilli, Sheki and other districts. Findings have considered the main camps of ethno-nationalist identity and how it may affect the political dynamics of the broader Azerbaijani Lezgin community. On the basis of these findings, we have also sought to

2025

I was this close to shipping it off to a peer-reviewed journal, but nah—into the digital dumpster it goes! Kindly pretend it never existed, and definitely don’t cite it.

2025

A nth rop ology T he im pact of allotm ent on contemporary h un ting conflicts: The C onfederated Salish & K ootenai as e ^m p le . C h airm an : G regory R. C am pbe T he allo tm en t policy is a t the ro o t of co n tem p o rary h u n tin g conflicts on th e F lath e ad R eservation. In p articu lar, th e m a n ag em en t of fish an d gam e a n d ju risd ic tio n o v er those w h o use trib al reso u rces h av e resu lted in an extrem ely lo n g -stan d in g controversy. T he conflict h as b ee n b etw e en the state of M o n ta n a an d th e Salish-K ootenai T ribes since the A ct of 1904 o p en e d u p th e re se rv a tio n to n o n -In d ia n settlem ent. O p en in g u p th e rese rv a tio n to w h ite settlem en t w as an illegal act, a n d th erefo re th e tribes are strongly o p p o se d to th e state asserting ju risd ictio n o ver tribal peo p le, la n d an d reso u rces. The ev o lu tio n of g am e law s o n the rese rv a tio n is a d irect reflectio n of U.S. lan d policies concerning N ativ e A m ericans. Because fed eral p o hcies w ere am biguous a n d p oorly p lan n ed , they set u p p o ten tial conflicts o v er a u th o rity . T hese conflicts w ere th e n left to be b a ttle d o u t b etw e en the tribes a n d the state. W ith the force of law b e h in d them , th e state easily asserted ju risd iction o v er In d ian s, th eir lan d , a n d th eir resources. The S alish-K ootenai h o w ever, n ev e r g av e u p opposition. T hey strongly o p p o sed th e allo tm en t policy, a n d th e in te rg o v e rn m e n ta l confusion it caused. They sp e n t m an y y ears defining th eir rig h ts to control reserv atio n m a tte rs b ased o n th e ir treaty a n d various fed eral acts an d statutes. T he tribes h av e g ain ed g ro u n d in asserting th eir ju risd ictio n , an d they h av e recently e n tered in to a co m p act w ith th e state for jo in t a u th o rity o v er som e fish an d g am e m atters. N o w , h o w ev er, they face serio u s o p p o sitio n for exerting control o v er th eir reso u rces as w ell as a u th o rity o v er n o n -In d ian s. T oday n o n -In d ia n re sid e n ts o n th e re se rv a tio n are d e m a n d in g to be p ro tec ted from w h a t they see as unnecessary tribal co n tro l. To p ro m o te u n d e rsta n d in g of h u n tin g conflicts o n th e F lath ead R eserv atio n , this stu d y w ill exam ine th e U.S. policies im p le m e n te d b etw e en th e sig n in g of the T reaty in 1855, an d the 1994 T ribal Self-G ovem ance Act. In ad d itio n , it w ill look at o v er eighty years of v ario u s justifications d ev ised by th e S alish-K ootenai a n d sta te au th o rities to keep th e ev o lu tio n of gam e law s in m o tio n . W ith a b e tte r u n d e rsta n d in g of tribal h isto ry an d th eir in te rg o v e rn m e n ta l relatio n sh ip s, to d ay 's conflicts can b e seen o u tsid e of the realm of racism . T his stu d y w ill d em o n strate th a t m a n y of to d ay 's conflicts o v er fish a n d g am e m a tte rs exist because of am b ig u ity , p o o r p lan n in g , an d th e p a te rn a lism fo u n d in fed eral a n d state In d ia n policies. u TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION.

2025

Article presents a case study of local group named Torlaks inhabiting border zones of Serbian-Bulgarian states border. Because of mostly conflicting policies of neighboring Balkan states during 19 th and 20 th centuries the border was quite impervious. For decades, cross-border communication was interrupted. Over time, under the same ethnonym on both sides, and because of the imperviousness of the border, different identity contents developed , therefore one can speak about two different Torlak identities. The Tor-laks on both sides of the border got different national identities-those in Bul-garia are Bulgarians, and those in Serbia are Serbs. In the beginning of 21 st century political and economic situation encouraged cross-border cooperation between the two countries and especially between the inhabitants of border

2025, Cadernos de Tradução

The aim of this article is to discuss the relevance of the translation into the Portuguese language of some the short stories by Munshi Premchand (1880-1936), one of India's greatest writers in Hindi and Urdu, by Evágrio Jorge (1925-1978), a Goan Freedom Fighter. These translations, and their publication in the Goan newspaper O Heraldo/Herald, took place during the transition of Goa, from a Portuguese colony (1510-1961) to a state of the Indian Union. I argue that these translations were not random but due to Premchand's critical portrayal of some aspects of Indian culture-the exploration of the peasantry, the caste system, the condition of women, communalism-they can be interpreted as Jorge's desire to call the attention of his fellow countrymen to the situation of Goa under the new Indian aegis. Jorge's translations stand as a warning to Goans, who had fought for the end of colonial rule, to maintain a critical eye on their new social and political status.

2025

Văcăreşti". O campanie mediatică de succes (martie 1924) sau personificarea mişcării studenţeşti Veronica Turcuş, Șerban Turcuş O ipoteză politică pentru un neajuns heraldic: poziţia Transilvaniei în stema regatului României Daniela Mârza "Ardeleni" versus "regăţeni" în politică în România interbelică Răzvan Roşu "Ardealu să să taie de cătă Bucureşti!": mostre ale identităţii regionale în lumea rurală transilvăneană Daniela Deteşan, Georgeta Fodor Activităţi şi ipostaze naţionale la şcolile de fete în primii ani după Unire. Studiu comparativ: Liceul de fete "Regina Maria" din Cluj şi Liceul de fete "Unirea" din Târgu Mureş Lucian Turcu O biserică exclusiv transilvană? Eforturi de extindere ale Bisericii greco-catolice după Marea Unire în Vechiul Regat Alexandru-Bogdan Bud Mihail Bogdan (1913-1998). Un profesor uitat al Catedrei de Limba şi literatura engleză de la Universitatea clujeană Virgiliu Țârău Din literatură în istorie. Aurel Socol jr. -un clujean în vâltoarea secolului XX (I) Laura Stanciu Biserica Tăcerii prin ochii Securităţii. Greco-catolici din Sâncel în timpul regimului "democrat popular" Mihaela Grancea Moartea tradiţională în filmul românesc Vasile Rămneanţu Aspecte privind implicarea Comitetului judeţean PCR Timiş în domeniul cultural în anii 1970-1973 Voica Puşcaşiu The Moving and Removing of Statues in Cluj-Napoca: A Case Study in Digital Interactive Cartographic Visualization Using Kepler Gabriel Moisa Paznicii ideologici şi propagandistici ai cinematografiei româneşti la finalul anilor 1980 Marius Turda O "pata galbenă" pe "corpul alb ca zăpada" al Europei. Reflecţii despre albitate Amalia Lumei, Ovidiu Pecican Mircea Eliade: Istoria credinţelor şi ideilor religioase. Al patrulea volum? Maria Crăciun O altă faţă a alterităţii: identităţi atribuite grupurilor subalterne Mihaela Mehedinţi Considerations on the Study of Identity in History Adriana Cupcea Practicarea islamului la millet-ul din Dobrogea (România) Ela Cosma Cercetări româneşti de paleografie Ionuţ Costea Lucian Boia şi istoria istoriografiei (1970-1989) Toth Szilárd Fotbalul din Transilvania ca şi unealtă a naţionalismului român şi maghiar Sorin Antohi Trianon: memoria circulară

2025, The Journal of Social Encounters

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

2025

Este trabajo de tesis tiene como principal objetivo obtener una medida del desarrollo de la toma de conciencia racial en niños españoles de 3 a 5 años. El principal marco teórico en el que se ha desarrollado el trabajo ha sido la teoría socio-cognitiva (Aboud, 1988). Desde esta teoría se propone que el prejuicio en los niños debe entenderse más como resultado de un proceso evolutivo que como un rasgo de personalidad. En otras palabras, los cambios cognitivos que se producen a lo largo de la niñez desempeñan un papel central en el surgimiento y desarrollo de las actitudes étnico-raciales. Se diseñaron tres estudios sucesivos con objetivos diferentes pero complementarios, en los que se tomó una medida de la conciencia racial así como de su relación con el desarrollo cognitivo del sujeto. Se elaboraron un conjunto de tareas basadas en pruebas clásicas con una larga trayectoria en la investigación previa, para evaluar distintos procesos implicados en la conciencia racial. Concretamente,...

2025, Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

2025, Anthropology of East Europe Review

2025, Encuentros Disonantes de las Músicas Populares: epistemología, identidades y corporalidades

La Memoria de Encuentros Disonantes de las Músicas Populares: epistemologías, identidades y corporalidades fue publicado por el Programa de Promoción Cultural de la Vicerrectoría de Extensión y Vinculación Territorial de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica.
El trabajo fue editado por Javier Alvarado, Priscilla Carballo, Ericka Rivel y Ramón Morales.
En el año 2019, se llevó a cabo una primera edición titulada Encuentros Disonantes de las Músicas Populares: Nuevos Horizontes Críticos en la Educación Musical, como fruto de un esfuerzo en conjunto que contó con el apoyo del Dr. Mijail Mondol López, investigador del Centro de Investigación en Identidad y Cultura Latinoamericanas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, y la Licda. Anyul Arévalo Acosta, profesora de la Escuela de Música Popular La Oropéndola. Estas primeras jornadas de reflexión incluyeron conversatorios, homenajes, conciertos, mesas temáticas, proyección de documentales y espacios de diálogo.
En el 2021 se planteó un segundo encuentro titulado Encuentros Disonantes 2021: Epistemologías, Identidades y Corporalidades, organizado nuevamente por el Programa de Promoción Cultural, con dos
días de jornada virtual.
A través de estas experiencias, Encuentros Disonantes de Las Músicas Populares y el Programa de Promoción Cultural han estimulado la creación de espacios para indagar en nuevas formas de comprender nuestros
procesos histórico-musicales, desde ámbitos académicos y no académicos, donde entran en juego tensiones vinculadas con la pedagogía, la producción y la teorización respecto a las músicas populares.

2025, Antilha

Este trabajo busca comprender las relaciones culturales, sociales y ecológicas entre el sahuaro (Carnegiea gigantea) y los grupos indígenas pápago, pima y seri del desierto de Sonora, a partir de un análisis comparativo entre tres crónicas: Descripción de la provincia de Sonora, Los Seris de Sonora, y New trails in Mexico. An Account of One Year's Exploration
in North-Western Sonora, Mexico, and South-Western Arizona, 1909-1910.
El análisis abarca la biografía del autor, la estructura del texto, las referencias al sahuaro, y los enfoques y estilos utilizados por los distintos autores para describir su relación con los grupos indígenas, revelando que el sahuaro no solo es una fuente vital de alimento y materiales, sino también un componente fundamental en la cosmovisión y en las prácticas de estos grupos humanos.

2025, ANALELE BANATULUI, S.N., ARHEOLOGIE – ISTORIE, XXXII

2025, Echoes of Europe : Cultural Transfer Europe-Serbia in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The theory of cultural transfer usually includes the fields of intellectual history, literature, material culture, art, and science, but it can be applied no less fruitfully to the religious sphere, whether to the exchange and influence of religious ideas or religious practices. Religious transfers and the mobility of religious practices were explored in stand-alone studies, although religious transfer is usually seen as part of cultural
transfer in the broadest sense of the word. This paper focuses on the emergence of European neo-Protestant
missionaries, especially from the Seventh-day Adventist Church. In the interwar period, Adventism was already established in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Adventism’s
roots in this region date back to the late 19th century, with the first Serbian-speaking believers appearing in
1901–1902 and the first church building erected in Kumane in 1905. Despite internal growth, the Adventists faced scrutiny from the SOC clergy and local authorities, particularly as their pacifist stance clashed with state expectations during the turbulent 1920s and 1930s. The Adventist community faced internal divisions influenced by the global schism that led to the formation of the Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement.
The chapter analyzes the emergence, development, and challenges of the Adventist religious movement in interwar Yugoslavia. It sheds light on how religious transfers impacted the socio-religious landscape of the
period, focusing on Adventism’s growth, internal schisms, and external opposition. By examining the movement’s interactions with the Serbian Orthodox Church, state authorities, and other religious groups (such as
the Nazarenes), the paper provides a nuanced understanding of how a neo-Protestant group navigated its position as a religious minority amidst political, cultural, and social complexities.

2025, Antilha REVISTA LANTILHA. REVISTA AMERICANA DE HISTORIA ARTE Y LITERATURA

Gigantes del desierto: Relaciones ecológicas y cultura-les entre el sahuaro y los grupos indígenas del desierto de Sonora, a través del análisis de fuentes M. América Martínez Santillán Castigo del alma Ricardo Alberto Díaz Quintana Qué... more

2025, Kárpátalja

Molnár D. István (2009): Óriásfalvak. In: Baranyi Béla szerk. Kárpátalja. A Kárpát-medence régiói 11. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Regionális Kutatások Központja, 260-262. Pécs-Budapest: Dialog Campus Kiadó, 2009. ISBN 978 963 9899 18 6

2025, Ovidiu Caraiani, In confruntare cu colectivismul - identitate, legitimitate, societate civila

2025, Mamluk Studies Review 27, 2024

2025, Heritage

The Khambu Rais or Rais are one of the most ancient indigenous ethnolinguistic groups of Nepal, the Indian State of Sikkim and Darjeeling Hills. They were Rai meaning king (Rai means King in old Khas kura). Once someone was recognized as a ruler, Hindus awarded them the title Rai. The title of Rai instead khambu kirant people who used to live in wallo kirant and majh kirant for particular reason. The Rais of Darjeeling Hills are distributed mainly in Algarh, Songche and Laba in the district of Darjeeling and in the adjoining district of Jalpaiguri of West Bengal. They inhabit in the hilly terrain region with cold climate and medium to heavy rainfall during rainy season. Rais are nature worshippers. They believe in spirits who live in nature and natural surroundings and may be benevolent or malevolent for their life and livelihood. Their healing system rests on traditional knowledge of identification of disease and the process of cure and indigenous medicine through their traditional priests.

2025, Mobilizarea politică a minorităților etnice și a migranților: Cazul româniei si contextul european actual

2025

En este artículo se aborda la variación dialectal y la identidad lingüística en el ámbito educativo por medio de las percepciones de los docentes huaves de las cuatro variantes regionales: San Mateo, San Dionisio, San Francisco y Santa María del Mar. Se analizan y exponen las implicaciones de dichos componentes en la enseñanza de la lengua en el ámbito escolar. El estudio engloba una perspectiva cualitativa y los resultados muestran que las concepciones sobre la variación dialectal están mediadas por la identidad lingüística de los docentes. Asimismo, las discusiones en torno a la normalización del sistema de escritura refieren a la cuestión del o los alfabetos y de la representación de las grafías que la componen y esto repercute en la enseñanza de la lengua en el aula.

2025, Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries

2025, Genealogy

The relationship between the sociological categories of race, ethnicity, and nation, and indeed definitions of these terms themselves, continues to be a lively, if not fraught, topic. One of the first social scientists to engage in the investigation of these concepts was Max Weber (1864-1920). Though his work on the subject was incomplete at the time of his death, it nevertheless provided a useful starting point for later research. One of the recent scholars whose work echoes that of Weber was Anthony D. Smith (1939-2016). Through an analysis of the work of both on the subjects of race, ethnicity, and national identity, this paper will examine the similarities in the approaches of Weber and Smith and, in the process, suggest ways to continue the exploration of these important concepts.

2025, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

2025, International Journal of History

The Limbu tribe is indigenous to the Himalayan region of easter Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal. The tribe has a rich heritage and culture of their own. Generally regarded as the bravest among the Nepali community, the Limbus follow a vast and colourful ceremonies and rituals from birth till death. The Limbu clans are many in number and it is forbidden to have marital relationship among the same clan.

2025, Maeva, M., M. Slavkova and M. Hristova (eds.) (2023). “Between the Worlds of Old and New Homes”. Vol. 5. Sofia: IEFSEM & Paradigma.

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over a billion people live and work outside their home countries. In 2020, an estimated 281 million international migrants resided in countries other than their own, a significant increase from previous decades. Europe and Asia host the largest shares, while migration's impacts on families left behind remain a growing concern. While it provides economic benefits, such as remittances, it also imposes social costs on families left behind. Migrants also navigate identity dilemmas, transnational family ties, and integration challenges, often facing stigma and insecurity. This volume, part of the “Still in Bulgaria. Cultural and Social Effects of Labour Mobility and Migration on Bulgarian Society (1990-2019)” project, explores migration’s effects across history, covering national connectivity, family challenges, stigma, and evolving transnational communities. Migrations reshape home, culture, and identity, creating both opportunities and challenges for those who move and those who are left behind.

2025, Ethnic and Racial Studies

Today many countries are deeply split along cultural, ethnic or racial lines. Minorities that are culturally distinctive, living in a separate community and rejecting the dominant basic ideology, constitute a potential source for disruptive conflicts. Violent strife does in fact occur frequently. The question then arises as to what policies these states adopt to keep internal tranquillity.

2025, The Sociological Quarterly

This article addresses the role of religion in immigrant adaptation through the case of Vietnamese adolescents. Our results show that religious participation consistently makes a significant contribution to ethnic identification, which, in turn, facilitates positive adaptation of immigrant adolescents to American society by increasing the probability that adolescents will do well in school, set their sights on future education, and avoid some of the dangers that confront contemporary young people. These results suggest that an immigrant congregation does not b c t i o n simply as a means of maintaining a psychologically comforting sense of ethnicity while group members drop ethnic traits in their day-to-day lives. Nor does identification with an ethnic group appear to limit life chances by binding group members to ethnic traits. On the contrary, the ethnic religious participation examined here, to a large extent, facilitates adjustment to the host society precisely because it promotes the cultivation of a distinctive ethnicity, that, in turn, helps young people to reach higher levels of academic achievement and to avoid dangerous and destructive forms of behavior.

2025, Enfance et jeunesse dans les sociétés de l'Asie

Les émirs zankides, épigones des sultans salǧūqides, régnèrent à partir de 521/1127 sur la Mésopotamie et la Syrie. La principauté de Mossoul, fondée par Zankī, fut partagée à la mort de celui-ci en 541/1146 entre son fils aîné, Sayf al-dīn Ġāzī, qui lui succéda à la tête de Mossoul, et l'un des fils puînés, Nūr al-dīn, qui reçut la Syrie du Nord et sa capitale Alep. Plus tard, à la faveur de la mort de Nūr al-dīn en 569/1174, Saladin s'empara du domaine de ses anciens maîtres zankides, conquérant la Syrie et la majeure partie de la Mésopotamie entre 569/1174 et 581/1185-1186. La branche zankide de Mossoul, vassalisée par Saladin et ses successeurs, se maintint au pouvoir jusqu'en 631/1233, date à laquelle le mamelouk Badr al-dīn Lu'lu' s'empara du pouvoir. La culture politique de ce monde salǧūqide était marquée par le système de la ḫidma (service). Il s'agit d'une notion centrale pour comprendre cette culture politique salǧūqide à laquelle appartenaient les Zankides. Étudiée par les historiens de l'Empire salǧūqide Antonio Jurado Aceituno et Jürgen Paul, elle demeurait ignorée jusqu'à présent pour l'étude des dynasties zankide et ayyoubide 1 , alors qu'elle est aussi connue des historiens spécialistes des Mamlouks. Il s'agit d'une relation interpersonnelle entre un maître (maḫdūm) et son serviteur (ḫādim), à savoir le sultan et un grand émir. Ce type de liens se retrouve aussi à un échelon inférieur, entre ce grand émir et sa propre clientèle d'émirs ou de serviteurs d'État. Cette relation est faite d'obligations réciproques entre les deux parties : le serviteur, devait, quand il était émir, servir son maître militairement, lui rendre des hommages réguliers, et payer une contribution annuelle ; le maître devait en retour veiller à la protection et à l'entretien de son serviteur en lui octroyant des iqṭā‛-s et autres bienfaits (ni‛ma). 1. Notre thèse de doctorat, intitulée « Les Zankides de Mossoul : genèse et évolution d'une principauté militaire turque (1127-1233) », propose une lecture de l'histoire de cette dynastie à la lumière du concept de ḫidma, concept induit des sources médiévales elles-mêmes. Sur la ḫidma salǧūqide, voir A.

2025, Fleuves d'Asie. Centres de civilisation

Nous possédons peu d'études sur le Tigre à l'époque médiévale à partir des sources textuelles. Quant à l'archéologie de ce fleuve pour cette période, elle en est restée à ses balbutiements 1 . Aussi voudrions-nous restituer ici une image de la vie autour du Tigre en nous appuyant principalement sur les sources textuelles, en espérant que d'autres recherches compléteront cette esquisse qui se limitera à la partie orientale de la Haute-Mésopotamie (Ǧazīra), à savoir le Diyār Rabī'a et le Diyār Bakr, au vi e /xii e siècle. Dans la géographie médiévale arabe, le terme de ǧazīra, qui signifie « île », qualifie les terres enserrées par le Tigre à l'est et par l'Euphrate à l'ouest. Takrīt est la ville frontière entre la Ǧazīra au nord et l'Iraq au sud (fig. ). Si le Tigre est associé dans l'imaginaire collectif à la capitale abbasside Bagdad, nous voudrions montrer l'importance du fleuve dans l'émergence d'un centre politique plus au nord, Mossoul, au moment de la recomposition politique et de la renaissance économique dans une région où s'établissent des principautés militaires turques, à la périphérie occidentale du sultanat des Grands Salǧūqides d'Iran. Fondée en 521/1127 par l'atabeg 'Imād al-dīn Zankī (m. 541/1146), la principauté zankide de Mossoul est un de ces émirats puissants, voisin des principautés turques artuqides de Ḥiṣn Kayfa et de Mārdīn/Mayyāfāriqīn, fondées quant à elles au début du siècle dans la partie nord de la Ǧazīra. Limite ou frontière entre deux entités géographiques, le Tigre est aussi un axe de communication, fait d'échanges et de confrontations entre les princes zankides et artuqides, les califes abbassides et les Turcs salǧūqides arrivés en Iraq depuis le milieu du v e / xi e siècle. calife. Pendant ce temps, à Bagdad, le calife faisait rassembler tous les bateaux (sufun) pour faire passer ses troupes d'une rive à l'autre et résister au sultan. Les affrontements entre les deux armées eurent lieu au bord du Tigre. Le sultan ordonna à Zankī de lui amener, par voie de terre et par voie d'eau, les troupes dont il disposait. Il lui manda également de rassembler tous les bateaux qu'il trouverait à Baṣra, Wāsiṭ et al-Batā'iḥ, et de leur faire remonter le fleuve en suivant le reste de l'armée qui avancerait sur terre. Zankī rassembla ainsi tous les bateaux entre Bagdad et Baṣra. Arrivés à Bagdad, le spectacle de toutes ces troupes débarquant fit une forte impression au sultan Maḥmūd. Sachant que le sultan attaquerait par la terre, tandis que Zankī attaquerait Bagdad par le fleuve, le calife, pris en étau, demanda la paix au sultan. À la suite de cette démonstration de force sur le Tigre, Zankī fut nommé šiḥna de Bagdad et de l'Iraq par le sultan 5 . Enfin, il remonta encore un peu plus le cours du Tigre quand, à la mort du gouverneur de Mossoul 'Izz al-dīn Mas'ūd en 521/1127, le sultan Maḥmūd le nomma à ce poste et en fit l'atabeg de ses deux fils. Cette remontée du Tigre fut une ascension politique fulgurante : en moins de cinq ans, Zankī passa du rang de simple émir au service d'un autre émir, à celui de serviteur (ẖādim) du sultan. Aussitôt installé à Mossoul, sa première conquête se situa encore sur le Tigre, à Ǧazīra b. 'Umar, afin de sécuriser cet axe de communication au nord de Mossoul. Il assiégea la ville, posté sur la rive opposée du Tigre. Une partie des troupes traversa le fleuve, et prit position entre le fleuve et la ville sur une bande de terre appelée al-Zallāka. La garnison sortit pour résister, mais après quelques heurts, elle se retira débordée par les troupes débarquées. Après avoir traversé le fleuve avec la seconde partie de l'armée, Zankī reçut la capitulation de la ville. La nuit même les eaux du Tigre crûrent et submergèrent la bande de terre al-Zallāqa. À une journée près, les troupes de Zankī eussent été noyées. Le panégyriste Ibn al-Aṯīr (m. 630/1233) n'omet pas de mentionner que les habitants y virent un signe favorable du destin, annonçant la grande carrière militaire de Zankī 6 . mossoul, un nouveau centre politique autonome sur le tigre À mesure que Zankī érigeait Mossoul en une puissante principauté de plus en plus émancipée du contrôle des Salǧūqides, le Tigre fut à

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2024

The paper examines the resources of public libraries in present Bulgaria to establish information literacy for ethnic minorities and immigrants. Its aims are: to analyze the minority needs of skills and competencies for information literacy, to research the existing legal framework, to describe best practices of Bulgarian libraries. Paper presents a draft Strategy for achieving information literacy of minorities and immigrants in Bulgaria with regards to libraries. Its major highlights are strategic planning and resource provision, e.g. legislation activities, funding sources, the role of state and local authorities in partnership with NGOs, introduction of IT, human resource development.

2024, THE ROLE OF WOMEN/MOTHERS IN THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY AMONG DEPORTED MESKHETIANS

Abstract
This article explores the crucial role played by women, particularly mothers, in shaping and preserving ethnic identity among the deported Meskhetian population. Drawing upon feminist theories of nationalism and ethnographic field research conducted with deported Meskhetians, it argues that women have been instrumental in maintaining a connection to the group's roots and cultural heritage through memory, imagination, and emotion, especially during the mass deportation in 1944 when a significant number of Meskhetian men were away fighting in World War II. The article focuses on three key ways in which women participate in ethnic and national processes according to the framework proposed by Floya
Anthias and Nira Yuval-Davis: 1) as reproducers of the boundaries between
ethnic/national groups, 2) as transmitters of culture and participants in the
reproduction of the collective's central ideology, and 3) as transformers and reproducers of ethnic/national categories. Marriage traditions among deported Meskhetians, in which Meskhetian men marry Meskhetian women, exemplify the role of women in reproducing ethnic boundaries. Mothers' identity and cultural outlook is often decisive in shaping their children's sense of ethnic belonging. Case studies reveal how the ethnic identity of younger generations can transform under the influence of their mothers.