Feedlot Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Wang, Lawrence K. and Wang, Mu-Hao Sung (2022). Understanding evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff volume for agricultural waste management. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 4, Number 5, May 2022; pp.81. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. STEAM-VOL4-NUM5-MAY2022. ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. https://doi.org/10.17613/m8tf-zd10. ................ABSTRACT: This is one of several updated UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) training reports which were previously disseminated to developing countries for promoting the US green environmental biotechnology. This publication introduces (a) natural evaporation from water and land surfaces and the evaporation equations using either metric units or the US customary units; (b) natural transpiration and evapotranspiration phenomenon ; (c) the description, applications, limitations, design criteria and performance of evapotranspiration wastewater treatment process; (d) precipitation and the US historical 25-year 24-hour rainfall chart; (e) the parameters of dry-weather flows, runoff from rainfall, runoff from snowmelt, runoff volume (ROV), and total precipitation less evaporation (TPLE) value for storage pond design; (f) the temperature, effect of wind chill and wind chill equations using either metric units or the US customary units; (g) the adjusted mean monthly free water surface (FWS) evaporation for selected US stations; (h) the US annual FWS evaporation chart; (h) the US annual runoff from concrete or unsurfaced feedlots as percent of mean precipitation charts; (i) the US runoff from concrete or unsurfaced feedlots as percent of mean monthly precipitation charts; (j) the US criteria for siting, investigation and design of liquid manure storage facilities; (k) precipitation and condensation calculation; (l) the vapor pressure mathematical model and evaporation analysis for an agricultural storage pond; (m) a runoff determination example; (n) an example of runoff from an agricultural concrete feedlot; (n) an example of runoff from an earth feedlot; (o) an example of agricultural storage pond design ; and (p) glossary terms and research references. The US technical information, charts and examples presented in this publication are typical examples for developing countries to follow, in order to avoid or reduce the unnecessary non-point sources of agricultural pollution, in turn, to achieve the UNIDO's goal of sustainable industrial and agricultural development around the world.