Flood Mitigation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Land Use Policy

How ready are we to cope with climate change? Extent of adaptation to sea level rise and coastal risks in local planning documents of southern France

2025

Many proposed activities for mitigating global warming in the land-use change and forestry (LUCF) sector differ from measures to avoid fossil fuel emissions because carbon (C) may be held out of the atmosphere only temporarily. In addition, the timing of the effects is usually different. Many LUCF activities alter C fluxes to and from the atmosphere several decades into the future, whereas fossil fuel emissions avoidance has immediate effects. Non-CO 2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are an important part of emissions from deforestation in low-latitude regions, also pose complications for comparisons between fossil fuel and LUCF, since the mechanism generally used to compare these gases (global warming potentials) assumes simultaneous emissions. A common numeraire is needed to express global warming mitigation benefits of different kinds of projects, such as fossil fuel emissions reduction, C sequestration in forest plantations, avoided deforestation by creating protected areas and through policy changes to slow rates of land-use changes such as clearing. Megagram (Mg)-year (also known as 'ton-year') accounting provides a mechanism for expressing the benefits of activities such as these on a consistent basis. One can calculate the atmospheric load of each GHG that will be present in each year, expressed as C in the form of CO 2 and its instantaneous impact equivalent contributed by other gases. The atmospheric load of CO 2 -equivalent C present over a time horizon is a possible indicator of the climatic impact of the emission that placed this load in the atmosphere. Conversely, this index also provides a measure of the benefit of not producing the emission. One accounting method compares sequestered CO 2 in trees with the CO 2 that would be in the atmosphere had the sequestration project not been undertaken, while another method (used in this paper) compares the atmospheric load of C (or equivalent in non-CO 2 GHGs) in both project and no-project scenarios. Time preference, expressed by means of a discount rate on C, can be applied to Mg-year equivalence calculations to allow societal decisions regarding the value of time to be integrated into the system for calculating global warming impacts and benefits. Giving a high value to time, either by raising the discount rate or by shortening the time horizon, increases the value attributed to temporary sequestration (such as many forest plantation projects). A high value for time also favors mitigation measures that have rapid effects (such as slowing deforestation rates) as compared to measures that only affect emissions years in the future (such as creating protected areas in countries with large areas of remaining forest). Decisions on temporal issues will guide mitigation efforts towards options that may or may not be desirable on the basis of social and environmental effects in spheres other than global warming. How sustainable development criteria are incorporated into the approval and crediting systems for activities under the Kyoto Protocol will determine the overall environmental and social impacts of pending decisions on temporal issues.

2025, Peace in the Niger Delta: panacea for achieving Sustainable Development Goals

2025, Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

One of the challenges in hydrologic modelling in Indonesia is data limitation. Rainfall data quality is rarely evaluated, and in some cases, the data are unavailable. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), satellite rainfall data provided by NASA, is an alternative method to solve such problems. This study aims to promote the use of TRMM data to analyze water availability and flood discharge in Duriangkang Dam, Batam City, Indonesia, in comparison with the use of available ground station data. Results show that the ground station data contain some errors; however, overall, the data show similar patterns and acceptable differences compared with the TRMM data. The NRECA and HEC-HMS models are used to analyze water availability, and both models are calibrated using the available reservoir water level data. The NRECA model generally shows a good fit of monthly discharge, although the use of TRMM results in slightly overestimated values in dry years. Similar results are obtained...

2025

This study examines the intricate nexus between flooding, food security, and the gendered impacts of climate change on female farmers in Ogbaru Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra State, Nigeria. In light of the escalating threat posed by climate change, which amplifies extreme weather events such as flooding, the agricultural sector, particularly smallholder farming, faces ever-growing challenges in safeguarding food security. This research seeks to elucidate how climate-induced flooding disrupts agricultural productivity, disproportionately affecting women, who play a central role in food production within rural Nigeria. Employing a survey-based methodology, data were collected via structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions from a sample of 394 female farmers across selected communities. The findings underscore that flooding significantly hampers crop yields, exacerbates food insecurity, and amplifies the vulnerabilities faced by women, due in no small part to prevailing gender inequities. Moreover, the study reveals that while income influences agricultural output, other factors such as climatic variability, access to resources, and socio-political dynamics play equally pivotal roles in determining food security outcomes. The study calls for the formulation of gender-responsive policies and the adoption of climateresilient agricultural practices to bolster the adaptive capacities of women farmers in flood-prone areas, thus ensuring a more sustainable and equitable approach to food security in the context of climate change.

2025

Floods are sudden-onset hydrometeorological disasters that cause extensive environmental, social, and economic disruptions globally. To effectively mitigate their impacts based on existing research, we provide an in-depth systematic review of the applications of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in flood disaster risk management over the last two decades. This review analyzes 274 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database following the PRISMA guidelines. This study focuses on the applications of RS and GIS in various subfields of disaster management, including flood risk assessment, flood hazard prediction, flood hazard mapping, and flood impact assessment. The study found significant growth in research involving RS and GIS for flood management, driven by their capability to monitor flood-prone areas and predict future events. Global trends in scientific productivity show a rising adoption of RS and GIS tools, with notable contributions from Asia, Europe, and America. However, Africa remains underrepresented, accounting for only 3.2% of global flood-related publications over the last two decades, highlighting a significant research gap and an uneven approach to sustainable development imperatives. Through bibliometric analysis, the study identified key research areas, influential authors, and author collaboration networks. Specifically, the thematic evolution indicates a shift from traditional or reactive flood risk management approaches to a more advanced RS-GIS integration approach to address flood risk dynamics in diverse settings. This review recommends strengthening RS and GIS applications in flood-prone regions, especially in Africa, to enhance resilience and support a sustainable disaster management approach. Limitations, such as the use of a single database and exclusion of non-English articles, were noted, and future research directions were suggested for broader inclusivity. This work serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders aiming to optimize flood disaster management practices by leveraging RS and GIS-based approaches.

2025

Historically Pakistan has witnessed several major flood disasters affecting approximately 40 million people, a drought affecting 3 million people and major earthquakes in 2005 and 2008 affecting 7 million people. After the earthquake of 2005 National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) Pakistan came into existence. NDMC was constituted through an ordinance. The main objective of establishing of this national disaster management of authority is to reduce risks and vulnerabilities of the poor and marginalized groups and recovering them from, disaster impact. This NEW policy replaced old Disaster management Organization working in the country since 1973. This document therefore evaluates the old disaster policy and new disaster policy in the country. This document also appraises the "The management and response of Government to Flood Disaster in Pakistan". In Pakistan the government has been made the all policies belongs flood disaster and management, the institution are placed from national level to district level, but there are some week points like as, lack of coordination between line departments, management do not respond to the public in emergency situation, lack of awareness, lack of capacity, no skilled employees in the government flood related departments, lack of funds/donors, flaws in policy needs to update, political influence/ lack of political spirit. In this regard government should must be take initiatives to improve the above mentioned week points, seriously and immediate basis, there are some recommendation about policy brief like as defined. Policy needs to be redesigned especially at the district level in entire Pakistan, to organize the awareness programs or workshops at community level in most vulnerable areas, improvement in coordination of line departments, NDMA department must be took an active part at the root level. Further the study will provide the policy guide line for different local NGOs, CBOs, Community organization INGOs, social welfare department, and relevant stakeholders for flood management.

2025, Agricultural Reviews, Volume 46 Issue 3 (June 2025)

Background: Assam is considered as a flood prone state, as this natural disaster creates devastating situation almost every year. The study was conducted in Dhemaji district of Assam which is in the list of highly flood hazard index. The district was selected to know the impact of flood on financial loss for agricultural production and to study the mitigation strategy adopted by the flood affected farmers in the district. Methods: For that a multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select flood affected farmers from the district. Financial loss for agricultural production due to flood was estimated by calculating financial loss for crop loss, agricultural asset loss and livestock loss for the study area. Flood situation and Non flood situation was compared while going for calculation of financial loss for crop due to flood. Henry Garret ranking technique was adopted to rank the problems face by the farmers. Result: The result reflected that net return from crop production was recorded to be less (Group I 1032.44 Rs/ha and Group II 3830.99 Rs/ha) in flood situation than the non-flood situation (Group I 7051.30 Rs/ha and Group II 8330.08 Rs/ha). Total financial loss due to crop loss, asset loss and livestock loss was found to be high for size group II farmers (Rs 39094.33) then the size group I (Rs 36643.40). Majority of the respondents (79.17 per cent) preferred migration as the best coping mechanism to protect them from flood loss.

2025, Il Tascabile

Se volete capire perché le imminenti Olimpiadi Invernali di Milano Cortina sono un disastro concettuale, prima ancora che ecologico, politico e economico, leggete un libro sul ghiaccio. Leggete, anzi, il libro sul ghiaccio: Le vie del freddo di Max Leonard, pubblicato da Einaudi nella traduzione di Simonetta Frediani. Un saggio che ripercorre la storia di come il ghiaccio abbia intersecato nel profondo l'evoluzione delle civiltà umane, influenzandone forme e direzioni -a dimostrazione di quanto fittizia sia la separazione tra "natura" e "cultura". Leonard sceglie come proprio oggetto d'analisi una sostanza, o meglio uno stato fisico, che fa della contraddizione la propria caratteristica principale: simbolo di calma e grazia sotto pressione, ma anche di insensibilità e distacco; per millenni in bilico sul crinale medico tra il benefico e il dannoso; se toccato, genera sensazioni di congelamento oppure di bruciore. Dall'ultimo secolo in poi quest'ambiguità irriducibile è stata però, almeno apparentemente, irreggimentata: il ghiaccio è entrato a far parte dell'esperienza quotidiana di miliardi di persone in tutto il mondo e si è arrivati al costoso paradosso del freddo artificiale, quello appunto senza il quale i Giochi Olimpici Invernali del 2026 non sarebbero stati nemmeno pensabili. «Le macchine per la neve consumano energia generata altrove e mentre producono neve rilasciano calore. […] Quanto più freddo innaturale produciamo, tanto più freddo naturale distruggiamo e più diventa scarso», scrive Leonard nell'ultimo capitolo, dedicato al ghiaccio nell'Antropocene. La sua è, in effetti, una parabola saggistico-narrativa che descrive una proporzionalità inversa: dai primi passi nella storia del freddo, quando di ghiaccio sulla Terra ce n'era tanto ma se ne sapeva poco, ai giorni d'oggi, in cui da perturbante il ghiaccio è stato reso domestico, con la progressiva diminuzione della sua presenza allo stato naturale, sui ghiacciai e ai poli. Eppure di avvilimento in

2025, Journal of Governance and Public Administration (JoGaPA)

This study evaluated the implementation of Republic Act 9003 (R.A. 9003), also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, in Barangay Gen. T. de Leon, Valenzuela City, Philippines. The researchers used a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were conducted with 398 residents aged 17 to 65, and interviews were held with five residents and two members of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Solid Waste Management Program in the barangay, with a focus on waste segregation, recycling, garbage collection, implementation, and public awareness. The study also aimed to understand residents' views and reactions to the program and its impact on effective governance in the barangay. Findings revealed that while residents demonstrated awareness of the program and engaged in activities such as waste segregation and recycling, there were areas that needed improvement. Waste collection was generally rated as very effective; however, there was a recognized need for enhanced information dissemination, especially regarding waste reduction and recycling. The study concluded that cooperation between barangay committees and citizens is vital for the success and sustainability of solid waste management programs. It also emphasized the government's responsibility in addressing health issues related to waste, such as dengue and cholera. Recommendations included the need for continuous information campaigns, the implementation of policies with penalties for non-compliance, and the establishment of Material Recovery Facilities in each barangay.

2025

Companion animals are becoming increasingly common, and as natural hazards grow in frequency and severity, they play a critical role in guardians' decision making about evacuation and shelter during disasters. Although many studies have explored the relationship between risk perception and willingness to evacuate, it remains unclear whether companion animals play a role in this relationship. This study investigated whether companion animal guardians exhibit a distinct risk perceptionwillingness to evacuate relationship compared to non-guardians during Category 1-2 and Category 3+ hurricanes. It also explored how guardianship characteristics, such as the number of animals or their dual role as support animals, influence this relationship. The findings indicate that being a guardian and the number of animals significantly affect willingness to evacuate and its connection to risk perception. For Category 3+ hurricanes, the presence of chronically ill animals further influences this relationship. Probability plots reveal that guardians have similar evacuation willingness as non-guardians at lower levels of perceived risk, but at higher levels of perceived risk, guardians show a significantly greater willingness to evacuate. Additionally, guardians with more animals are more likely to evacuate at a lower perceived risk but less likely at a higher perceived risk. For Category 3+ hurricanes, guardians of healthy animals show a higher evacuation willingness at lower levels of perceived risk than those with sick animals. These findings highlight the complex nonlinear role that companion animals play in evacuation decisions and provide insights into some of the contradictory evacuation behaviors by guardians reported in the literature.

2025

This paper addresses the riverine flood events that have occurred in Greece over the last 136 years (i.e., during the 1886-2022 period), focusing, amongst others, on the case of urban floods. The flood record of various sites of the country has been collected and analyzed to determine their spatial and temporal distribution. Greece is a country where flood data and records are very scarce. Therefore, as there is not an integrated catalog of Greek floods spanning from the 19th century to recently, this is the first attempt to create an integrated catalog for Greece. The sources used include published papers, local and regional newspapers and public bodies (mainly the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the official websites of Greek municipalities). Additionally, the main factors responsible for their occurrence have been issued, regarding the country's climatic, geological and geomorphological setting, as well as human interventions. In addition, the atmospheric circulation driving factors of floods are assessed via an unsupervised neural network approach (i.e., Self-Organizing Maps). Based on the results of this research, an online GIS-based database has been created, depicting the areas that have been struck by riverine floods in Greece. By clicking a flood event in the online database, one can view several characteristics, depending on data availability, such as duration and height of the rainfall that caused them and number of fatalities. Long-term trends of mean and extremes seasonal precipitation also linked to the spatial distribution of floods. Our analysis shows that urban floods are a very large portion of the overall flood record, and they mainly occur in the two large urban centers, Athens and Thessaloniki, as well as near large rivers such as Pineios. Autumn months and mainly November are the periods with higher flood hazards, based on past records and cyclonic atmospheric circulation constitutes the principal driving factor. Our results indicate that a flood catalog at national level is of fundamental importance, as it can provide valuable statistical insights regarding seasonality, spatial distribution of floods, etc., while it can also be used by stakeholders and researchers for flood management and flood risk analysis and modelling.

2025

This study aims to map the flood evacuation route in Surakarta with Geographic Information Systems. The data collection was done by interpretation Quickbird image Surakarta in 2010, secondary data digitizing, and field checks. Analysis of the data by the method of Least Cost Path to produce an effective evacuation routes and qualitative descriptive analysis is used to explain the resulting evacuation route. Location of the research was done in Surakarta which where the region be passed Bengawan Solo River and the region of affected simulation modeling flood of Bengawan Solo River, which was conducted in March 2014. Least cost path analysis resulting two evacuation routes in the Sewu Village and two evacuation routes in the Jebres Village. In the Sewu Village can go to the evacuation place Jami ' Mosque and Sawunggaling Mosque, being in the Jebres Village can go to the evacuation place of Al-Fath Mosque.

2025, Journal of Environmental Management

Disaster risk reduction is a major concern of small island developing states. Measures to reduce risk should not only be based on the magnitude of physical hazard, but also on the exposure and vulnerability of communities. In this article, we examine flood risk management policies in the Caribbean island of Sint Maarten using coupled agent-based and flood models. The agent-based model is used to model actors' behaviour in relation to urban building development and policies that are designed to reduce flood hazard and communities' vulnerability and exposure. The policies considered in the model are a Beach Policy, a Building and Housing Ordinance, a Flood Zoning policy and hazard mitigation structural measures. The flood model is used to simulate coastal and pluvial floods on the island. Agent behaviour such as building new houses and implementing hazard reduction measures affect the flood model as these actions affect the rainfall-runoff process. The flood maps generated from the updated flood model simulations are then used to assess the impact and update agents' attributes and behaviour. The simulations results show that low-lying areas are populated, which increases the exposure, and the number of vulnerable houses is also high. Hence, out of the four policies, implementing hazard reduction measures is the most important. Reducing the flood hazard by widening existing drainage channels, constructing new ones and building dykes as coastal flood defence would reduce the hazard, hence reducing the number of flooded houses. As it affects all households on the island, the Building and Housing Ordinance is an important policy to reduce vulnerability. In general, the coupled model outputs can be used to inform policy decision making and provide insights to policymakers on the island.

2025, Ghana Journal of Geography

This paper explores the impact of climate change and variability on wetland maize production in the highlands and central plateaus of Rwanda and its connection to the problem of food insecurity. Data were obtained using different methods and techniques including literature review, analyses of meteorological and maize yield data, field observation, household questionnaire and semistructured interviews. Research findings revealed abnormal changes in temperature with a mean temperature increase of 0.85 ºC in Bahimba wetland located in the northern highlands and 1.1 ºC in Bishenyi wetland located in the central plateau for the past 30 years. The study revealed also changes in rainfall patterns with a decrease of 114.9 mm and 42.3 mm in Bahimba and Bishenyi respectively. Consequently, due to prolonged droughts in Bishenyi, maize yield per ha was reduced by 41% in 2013 and by 51% in 2014. Likewise, in Bahimba, maize yield was reduced by 17% in 2015. This situation led to food insecurity among maize farmers and other communities in the study areas. It is recommended that improved adaptation measures including watersheds management, new drought resistant and early maturing maize seed varieties, community food reserves, savings and credits groups, improved irrigation infrastructures, diversified income sources and improved maize value chain should be taken to ensure increased maize yields and sustainable food security.

2025, Journal of Regional and City Planning

Natural disasters continue to hit urban areas worldwide, undermining community resilience capacity. The combination of increasing precipitation because of climate change, sea level rise, and uncontrolled rapid urbanization bring greater risk of flooding impacts in urban areas. Such flooding has a disproportionate effect on the urban poor, who often live in informal settlements. Meanwhile, the rapid expansion of informal settlements encroaching on floodplains that restrict the storage of flood waters and the expansion of impermeable urban surfaces also contribute to the increasing magnitude and frequency of flooding. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the urban poor as the most vulnerable community and also as key party in mitigation efforts. Although mitigation measures are currently in place to lessen the impact of climate change related floods in urban poor areas, little attention has been given to the use of green infrastructure as a mitigation strategy. Hence, this study aimed to examine current practices of green infrastructure (GI) in urban poor areas of Kibera (Kenya), Madurai (India) and Old Fadama (Ghana) to mitigate climate related flood impacts. Using the multiple case study method, it was investigated how urban stakeholders address and overcome the critical issues of governance, finance and awareness to secure the success of GI implementation. It was found that GI requires comprehensive understanding of political, social, economic and environmental aspects of the urban poor population to secure the success of initiatives, while cohesive cooperation and full participation of urban stakeholders is the key.

2025

Air Hitam River is one of the river in Pekanbaru which have the function as the main drainage of the Pekanbaru city. In the past, land surrounding the Air Hitam River Basin is dominated by vegetation that can infiltrate rain water, but as the development of the city, the vegetation areas has changed to housing, offices, warehouses and trade. The change of land use will influence hydrology condition and make river flow higher. If the river is not able to accommodate the rain water, it will cause flooding which cause harm to the surrounding community. For this conditions, it is required data and information about the Air Hitam flooding in the watershed. This study uses the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydraulics models in Hec-GeoRAS. This research used existing land use data in 2010, land use plan in 2026, and land use in extreme condition to estimate. The result showed that in period from 2010 to 2026, the vegetation areas has decreased amounted to 56.778 %...

2025

A környezettörténet (environmental history) és a történeti ökológia (historical ecology) kifejezéseket Magyarországon (is) gyakorlatilag szinonímaként használják. A két tudományterület között léteznek ugyan árnyalatnyi különbségek (MCNEILL 2003a), ám tárgyuk lényegileg nem különbözik: a bioszféra és az ember közötti kölcsönhatások történetét vizsgálják. A tudományos közvélemény Magyarországon talán a történeti ökológia kifejezést ismeri leginkább, köszönhetően R. VÁRKONYI Ágnes e tárgyban végzett két évtizedes oktatói és kutatói működésének (R. VÁRKONYI , 2000;; R. VÁRKONYI és KÓSA 1999). A történeti ökológia a természet és a társadalom évezredes együttélésének, kölcsönhatásának hosszú távú folyamatait vizsgálja. Szintetizálva értelmezi a különböző tudományterületek: az agrártudományok, a humán tudományok, a természet-tudományok és a társadalomtudományok történeti eredményeit (R. VÁRKONYI 2000. A környezettudomány (environmental science) kifejezést általában csak természettudományos vizsgálódásokra alkalmazzák, többnyire történelmi tartalom nélkül. éppen a hagyományos értelemben vett környezettudomány kiegészítéseként sürgeti egy 'második környezettudomány', az 'ember-környezet kölcsönhatások tudományának' létrejöttét, mely inkább a társadalmi aspektusokra összpontosít. Magyarországon egyik területnek sincsenek igazán hagyományai. Környzettörténettel ugyan jó néhányan foglalkoznak, ám a kutatások jellemzően a Kárpát-medencére fókuszálnak (pl. R. VÁRKONYI és KÓSA 1999; VÁRKONYI 2000;. A természettudományokat -a physicából a 17-18. század folyamán kikülönült stúdiumokat -gyakran a történeti szemlélet hiánya jellemzi. A szorosan vett fizika, kémia, biológia törvényei a múltban és a jelenben egyaránt érvényesek, ezért -vélik sokan -a históriai aspektus vizsgálata fölösleges időtöltés. A múlt nyomai amúgy is brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

2025, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning

Thailand has the social and economic development policies since 1960s that causes the migration, land change, and population dispersion. The policy effects led to the urbanization in the Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB) catchment areas, and conceptually synergizes with the water-related disasters by Climate Change. This research aims to highlight the role and influence of urban socio-economic factors on sensitive areas, flood risk exposure, and flood impact in the CPRB. This examination is a multiple-scale analysis based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Framework using data from government agencies. The collected data is utilized in mixed quantitative methods: Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression, and K-Means Clustering. The district is a unit of analysis to represent the Meso-level. These data analyses are operated with 17 variables from 295 districts: municipal population, commercial values, water consumption, flood frequency, affected households, and economic losses. As a result, the analysis confirms that urban socioeconomics is necessary for urban expansion into flooded areas, especially the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. This expansion can enhance the urban flood risk and impact the local residences and commercials, especially the traditional town and lower-income communities. The finding implies the social and economic adaptive capacity-building requirement for balancing public infrastructure, compensation and funding mechanisms, and institutionalization. Financial measures to support capacity building are necessary. In conclusion, this scrutiny can lead to a strategic resilience framework essential in policy implication. This framework should include social adaptive capacity building, financial funding, and compensation mechanisms in traditional towns and lower-income communities.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

2025

This report is intended to be used by researchers, model developers and modellers who wish to understand and potentially use the advances in 2D modelling developed during WP1.1 of the FRMRC2. The report presents an enhanced approach to determining stability of vehicles during flooding. It also provides details of linked 2D hydraulics and sediment modelling and results from modelling of a potential barrage in the Severn Estuary.

2025, Zilda Okta Pratama

TUGAS GEOGRAFI KEBENCANAAN

2025

The rapid urbanization of rural areas often leads to the construction of medium to high-rise buildings without adequate knowledge of ground suitability, posing significant risks to structural safety and long-term development. This study addresses this critical issue by developing a Comprehensive Ground Suitability Index (CGSI) framework tailored for rural municipalities. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the CGSI integrates geophysical, geo-environmental, and geohazard parameters to systematically evaluate land suitability for construction. Data were collected from government agencies, previous studies, and field surveys focusing on the Municipality of Odiongan, Romblon. Parameters such as bearing capacity, soil type, slope, flood height, and liquefaction susceptibility were prioritized using AHP, ensuring consistency in decision-making. GIS tools were utilized to overlay weighted parameters, producing maps that categorize areas into suitability levels. Results reveal that Barangays Poctoy and Amatong are highly suitable for construction, while the Poblacion area exhibits marginal suitability due to high flood and liquefaction risks. The CGSI framework provides a structured, replicable approach to integrating multicriteria decision-making into urban planning, offering valuable insights for safe and sustainable development. This study underscores the urgency of combining GIS and AHP to address land-use challenges in rapidly urbanizing rural areas. The framework equips local governments with the tools to refine land use policies, mitigate hazards, and promote resilient urban development. Future research can enhance the CGSI by incorporating additional datasets and advanced modelling techniques to improve its applicability and precision.

2025

Sewer systems are one of the most significant yet often overlooked components of any property, whether residential, commercial, or industrial. When functioning properly, they support sanitation and hygiene, facilitating the safe removal of waste and wastewater. However, when sewer issues arise, postponing necessary repairs can have serious consequences. Addressing these problems without delay is not only a matter of property maintenance but also of public health and environmental protection.

2025, Flood Recovery, Innovation and Response III

Research in the UK, has shown that one of the reasons that people may not take action to guard against potential flood damage to their properties is that they lack first-hand information on the costs and benefits of available mitigation measures. From these perspective, fundamental issues of both universal and constraint uncertainties in property-level flood adaptation cost benefit analysis are discussed. Individuals who have direct knowledge of the potential flood risks that they are exposed to and subsequently have information on the costs and benefits of adapting their properties to flood risks, would be more likely to take action, and thus more inclined to undertake mitigation measures. The application of the concept of cost benefit analysis to flood mitigation measures at household levels has inherent uncertainties. A major exclusion in the past from flood mitigation cost benefit analyses has been the intangible impacts of flooding upon households, and this represents a form of systemic uncertainty. Research has shown that intangible impacts are both large and more important to affected households than are the tangible impacts; therefore quantification of the intangible impacts of flooding, for the purpose of developing a comprehensive cost benefit analysis model, is of a paramount importance in assessing the full impact of flooding on households, and hence currently represent a form of systematic uncertainty. The challenge of this research is how to quantify intangible impact/losses in the context of the cost benefit analysis approach.

2025

This study was designed to investigate the influence of rainfall on the liveability of residential buildings in river front communities in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Two research questions were posed and two research hypotheses formulated to guide the study. Expost facto research design was adopted. The population of the study, consisted of two hundred and forty two thousand, twenty four (242,024) people. The sample of this study was obtained using Taro Yamane formula, from the result obtain mathematically 399.339 approximately 400 respondents. The researcher, choose to increase the number of respondents from 400 to 1000 respondents, for better coverage of the study population. The researcher-developed instrument titled, "Environmental variables and the Liveability of Residential Buildings Questionnaire (EVALRBQ) which was used for data collection from the sampled people. The data so collected were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. The findings of the study revealed that Rainfall and flooding, had significant influence on liveability of river front residential buildings. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that dwellers of river front communities should adhere to precautionary measures from regulatory bodies as; Town planners, Architects, Builders and government agencies such as national emergency management agency (NEMA) and state emergency management agency (SEMA) and Non-governmental organizations to make river front communities liveable. Government should set up rural planning agency, to regulate the construction of buildings in river front communities. Yeo, S. (2003). Effects of disclosure of floodliability on residential property values.

2025, Environmental and Sustainability Indicators

Despite the devastating effects of floods, the concept of resilience is still not fully considered in the assessment and management of flood risk. To study how resilience can lower the risk of floods and further enhance disaster response, this research aims to close this knowledge gap. With a focus on the Kashkan watershed in Iran, the study combines the extended catastrophe progression method with the pressure-state-response model. Three catastrophe models, namely the cusp, swallowtail, and butterfly, are applied. According to the findings, southern regions, i.e., Pol-Dokhtar city, have the highest risk of floods and the lowest resilience. Resilience and flood risk have a complementary relationship, according to the analysis, and resilience is a helpful metric for risk assessment. The results emphasize the necessity to incorporate resilience-focused pre-disruption planning and post-disaster recovery into flood risk management strategy. This work offers a foundation to incorporate resilience into future flood policies and strategies.

2025

On August 25, 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall near Rockport, Texas as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of approximately 200 km/hour. Harvey caused severe damages in coastal Texas due to extreme winds and storm surge, but will go down in history for record-setting rainfall totals and flood-related damages. Across large portions of southeast Texas, rainfall totals during the six-day period between August 25 and 31, 2017 were amongst the highest ever recorded, causing flooding at an unprecedented scale. More than 100,000 residential properties are estimated to have been affected in southeast Texas. It is likely that Harvey will rank among the costliest storms in U.S. history. In the wake of Hurricane Harvey, Delft University of Technology has initiated a Harvey Research Team to undertake a coordinated multidisciplinary investigation of the events with a focus on the greater Houston area. This ‘fact-finding’ research is based on information available from public ...

2025

odi.org • Self-recovery: most disaster-affected families rebuild their homes relying on their own and local resources, with little or no external assistance. • Context: the governmental, economic, environmental and socio-cultural contexts in which self-recovery takes place greatly affect how it progresses. Availability and application of reconstruction grants are influenced by government conditions. Recovery often takes place in multi-hazard environments. Socioeconomic differences and levels of community organisation have an effect on access to, and use of, resources. • Drivers and barriers: many different influences contribute to the overall progression of self-recovery or to progress being held back. Important factors include households’ changing needs and priorities, livelihood pressures, psychosocial reactions to disaster, and the level of technical skills and knowledge available. • Build back safer: the process of reconstruction in self-recovery is multi-faceted, involving comp...

2025, Policy Brief published by the India Water Partnership, Gurugram, Haryana, India

This Policy Brief has been developed based the findings and learning from the study ‘Community resilience to water induced disasters and climate change: A study and documentation of good practices in selected river islands of the Brahmaputra River Basin, Assam’ carried out by Aaranyak (Guwahati, Assam) in 2019 with support from the India Water Partnership (Gurugram, Haryana). It presents the salient aspects of vulnerability of the people living in three char (river island) areas located in the Brahmaputra in Assam as well as their resilience as manifested in their struggle for survival against the severe risks pose by the continuous onslaught of disasters like flooding, river erosion, storms and the consequent adverse socioeconomic impact on the people. The document features important gaps in policies and programs in existing disaster risk management and climate change adaptation and provides key recommendations to government agencies for improving the outcome of their risk management and climate resilience efforts.

2025, Modellamento glaciale del Monte Cala e aspetto attuale

L'azione glaciale quaternaria sviluppata sul monte Cala a Lovere (Bergamo) ha lasciato tracce evidenti e innescato franamenti di massi giganteschi presenti tra le case ai margini del paese.

2025

. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org CCAFS Workshop Reports aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.

2025, EGUGA

Land use changes and agricultural soil cultivation are commonly considered as nature-based flood mitigation measures, but recent studies showed a large variability of possible flood reduction effects. Reasons for this discrepancy might cover differences in the catchment properties and flood event characteristics, parametrization and model (type) selection. The aim of this study is to identify which measures show a significant flood reduction potential depending on catchment and event characteristics to develop optimized solutions for mesoscale catchments. For this purpose, six land use and agricultural soil cultivation scenarios with multiple spatial extents were performed in eight catchments under consideration of seven flood events. The hydrological model WaSiM was used for the simulations. The generated flood events involve advective and convective precipitation characteristics and return periods from 5 to 1000 years. The scenarios include extensification of farming, conventional tillage and no-till soil cultivation, afforestation, ecological forest restructuring and unsealing of urban areas. The implementation was done by an adjustment of soil properties and vegetation distribution. The sizes of the investigation areas range from 32 to 1170 km 2 and therefore allow an efficiency analysis for different scales and catchment characteristics. In addition to the eight catchments, a comparison of multiple subcatchments as well as a raster-based analysis of the water balance components due to different scenarios are realized. Based on the simulations, the following results could be derived. Firstly, the peak reductions of the single scenarios are very diverse and show dependencies on the catchment and event characteristics. The largest reductions could be observed for the extreme scenarios of extensification of farming and afforestation in all catchments with maximum peak reductions of 34 % and 68 %, respectively. Secondly, large differences in the spatial distribution of possible peak reductions could be found. The peak reductions can be related to catchment characteristics as for example the change of the available water content or the leaf area index. The results show the importance of the spatial distribution of the analyzed land use changes and agricultural soil cultivation and their relation to catchment and event characteristics. They will be further used to evaluate the potentials and limits of nature-based solutions for supporting flood mitigation strategies.

2025, JAGAT (Jurnal Geografi Aplikasi dan Teknologi)

The problem of flooding is still a problem that occurs in urban communities. High water intensity during the rainy season results in the potential for flooding in residential areas around the river flow. This study aims to determine flood mitigation in the Wawombalata sub-district, Kendari City. The method used in this research is survey and map overlay. The results showed that: On the flood hazard map, the area that has the highest hazard class is in the RT 5 section. Meanwhile, the flood hazard in the high class covers parts of the RT 1, RT 2, RT 3, RT 4, RT 5, RT 6 and RT 7. Overall the potential for flooding in the Wawombalata sub-district is classified as a high hazard class up to the highest class around residential areas and community housing. Flood mitigation strategies that can be carried out include: Conducting learning about disaster mitigation and outreach as well as disaster emergency simulations, maintaining the functions of vital objects/public facilities. Coordinatin...

2025

Természetföldrajzi folyamatok és formák. Kiss T. (szerk) Geográfus Doktoranduszok IX. Országos Konferenciájának Természetföldrajzos Tanulmányai, 2009, Szeged ISBN 978-963-482-923-2 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and... more

2025, Geo Image

Pertambahan penduduk mendorong perubahan tak terbatas pada jumlah penduduk, Penelitian Penelitian ini Mengetahui tingkat pendapatan petani tambak akibat abrasi 5 tahun terakhir. Subjek penelitian ini adalah petani tambak Desa Surodadi dan Desa Timbulsloko. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian uji dua sampel berpasangan (Paired samples Test). Variabel bebas meliputi pendapatan petani tambak, produktifitas lahan, luas lahan tambak, variabel terikat yaitu abrasi. Pada hasil penelitian ini adalah pendapatan petani tambak di Desa Surodadi mengalami penurunan produksi sesudah abrasi adalah 46% dan di Desa Timbulsloko mengalami penurunan produksi sesudah abrasi adalah 79%, sedangkan luas lahan tambak di Desa Surodadi mengalami penurunan luas lahan tambak sesudah abrasi adalah 28% dan di Desa Timbulsloko mengalami penurunan luas lahan tambak sesudah abrasi adalah 70%. Daerah yang terkena abrasi sebagian luas lahan tambak hilang adalah Desa Timbulsloko.

2025, International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology

Flood is defined as overflow of water from banks of drainage system that can cause destruction of property and loss of life. It affects psychological, financial and health . Floodwaters that initially flow in subcritical state can overnight turn violent and cause great destruction. Scientists around the world have tried to find methods and solutions to overcome floodings. Urbanization process which has been continuing, unknowingly has changed natural nature of land and resulted in reduction in percentage of water infiltrating into soil. Planning, land reclamation control and more emphasis should be given to flood control at the source (Kundzewicz, 1999). It aims to ensure that all human activities will not burden the river's natural system.

2025, International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies

This study explores the factors influencing bank profitability, with a particular focus on the European banking sector. It seeks to enhance our understanding of the financial drivers behind banks operating in this diverse and complex market. Through comprehensive empirical analysis, the research identifies key elements that affect profitability across European banks. Using a dataset of 31 major European banks, covering the period from 2013 to 2023, advanced econometric methods, such as panel data analysis, are employed to assess various determinants of bank profitability. The study considers internal factors specific to each bank, drawn from their financial data, alongside macroeconomic indicators like GDP growth and inflation, sourced from the World Bank. The findings reveal that both bank-specific factors, such as size and capital ratios, and broader economic conditions, including inflation and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, have a significant impact on profitability. The results underscore the importance of maintaining adequate financial reserves, effective loan management, and the ability to navigate economic uncertainties, especially during crises. Among the econometric models evaluated, the fixedeffects model proved to be the most accurate in explaining variations in bank profitability.

2025, Environmental Research Letters

Flood and riverbank erosion management in the Brahmaputra River basin (BRB) has traditionally relied on structural engineering interventions. However, there is growing evidence of their ineffectiveness and the social-ecological concerns they raise, including emergent systemic risks. This paper presents a social-ecological systems approach, offering a model that acts as a boundary object to integrate knowledge, foster stakeholder collaboration to tackle community vulnerability, and facilitate policy experimentation—key elements for advancing adaptive management. Employing systems thinking and system dynamics-based modelling can bridge the divide between science and policy, especially in areas characterized by data limitations and uncertainties like the BRB. This study adopts a nested approach encompassing three scales: macro (basin-level hydro-geomorphology), meso (flood control policies and infrastructure at administrative levels), and micro (village-level socio-economic conditions). The constructed boundary object promotes cross-scale learning and policy experimentation. Model scenarios of policy alternatives demonstrate that an integrated strategy—leveraging land covered with coarse sediment, innovating land use, and redesigning floodplains—significantly enhances effective land use and minimizes embankment failures. The findings emphasize the reinforcing dynamics between embankment degradation and community protests, highlight the limitations of compensation mechanisms, and reveal the erosion of adaptive capacity under the current control-based policy regime. A crucial insight from this study is that flood management strategies must evolve continually, reflecting scientific advancements, assessing policy impacts, and addressing local adaptation needs. Furthermore, a greater focus on riparian land use within development strategies is essential. The model scenarios advocate transitioning from traditional flood control to a landscape design harmonizing cropping practices and floodplain development with river morphology dynamics. While rooted in the Indian BRB context, the modelling framework provides a basis for adaptive water governance in other sediment-rich, politically sensitive, and hydrologically dynamic transboundary basins.

2025, Insurgent Planning Practice

This chapter discusses how insurgent citizenship can emerge in traditionally technical realms such as infrastructure planning and risk management. First, we define the relationships between the concepts of infrastructure, planning and citizenship through a brief literature review on citizen participation in infrastructure provision. Then, through a case study of a flood-monitoring project conducted under the RISE programme (Revitalising Informal Settlements and their Environments), we discuss the value of (a) the participation of local insurgent planners in the development of programs that aim to improve health and well-being in the context of informal urbanization and (b) the use of planning approaches that challenge centralized planning by incorporating local volunteers from communities living in informal settlements in Makassar, Indonesia, in data collection and community-based perspectives. RISE is a public-health-oriented programme that addresses water and sanitation challenges in settlements in Fiji and Indonesia.

2025, Marcas na paisagem: memórias para construir a resiliência no Vale do Taquari (RS)

Depois das águas turvas, dos escombros e do lodo deixado pelas inundações que devastaram o Vale do Taquari entre setembro de 2023 e maio de 2024, nasceu um projeto que busca construir um entendimento coletivo sobre os eventos climáticos... more

2025, East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources

Riverine flooding is associated with not only displacement of people but also loss of property and lives in the lower course of rivers. However, there is a dearth of literature on land use and land cover within flood risk zones and safe zones within the Western Region in Kenya. Using Landsat satellite images and household surveys, this study aimed at mapping land use and land cover within flood risk and safe zones in Budalangi sub-county, Kenya. A sample size of 162 household heads was selected using stratified random sampling. Flood stage scenarios were hypothesized, and overlay analysis was done to determine the locations for evacuation and land use at risk. Descriptive data analysis was adopted to analyze data from respondents. Analyzed Landsat satellite images reveal that 39.1 % (76.2 km²) of the study area were flood risk zones, while 60.9 % (118.8 km²) were safe zones. Ninety percent (90 %, 68.6 km²) of the flood risk zones were located at altitudes less than 1144 m above sea level (a.s.l) while safe zones were located in areas with more than 1144 m a.s.l. Within the flood risk zones, 57.0 % (39.1 km²) was covered with papyrus vegetation, 19.2 % (13.2 km²) with riverine vegetation, 18.4 % (12.6 km²) with farmland, and 5.4 % (3.7 km²) with buildings or bare land. Ninety percent (90 %) of the safe regions were found within learning institutions, market centres and administrative centres. Majority of the respondents (n = 157, 96.9 %) had experienced flooding on their farmlands and some of them (n = 125, 79.6 %) indicated that floods had destroyed their crops. The flooding that occurred frequently within the study area during high rain season was mainly mitigated through terracing and use of canals. Current study concludes that flood risk zones were covered by natural vegetation while safe zones were occupied by human settlement. This study suggests that residents in flood prone areas should avoid residing within flood risk zones during rainy seasons.
Key words: Floods, Flood risk, Fluvial/Riverine Flooding, Safe zones, Budalangi

2025, Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences

The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of flood processes and associated changes in flood characteristics and regimes in Europe: the development of a comprehensive, extensive European flood database. The presented work results from ongoing cross-border research collaborations initiated with data collection and joint interpretation in mind. A detailed account of the current state, characteristics and spatial and temporal coverage of the European Flood Database, is presented. At this stage, the hydrological data collection is still growing and consists at this time of annual maximum and daily mean discharge series, from over 7000 hydrometric stations of various data series lengths. Moreover, the database currently comprises data from over 50 different data sources. The time series have been obtained from different national and regional data sources in a collaborative effort of a joint European flood research agreement based on the exchange of data, models and expertise, and from existing international data collections and open source websites. These ongoing efforts are contributing to advancing the understanding of regional flood processes beyond individual country boundaries and to a more coherent flood research in Europe.

2025, Prace i Studia Geograficzne

The aim of this study is to assess the differences in the occurrence of harsh bioclimatic conditions between the center of Lublin and non-urban areas in the warm half of the year (April-September) and to determine the rate of changes in these conditions in both analysed meteorological stations in the years 1973-2022. To assess the bioclimatic conditions, the biometeorological index Humidex was used. In the first part of the study period, the number of days with unfavourable bioclimatic conditions prevailed in the city center, while in the last two decades the differences have decreased, mainly as a result of the development of concentrated buildings in the suburban area. In both measurement points, there was a significant increase in the number of days with strong thermal and hygric loads on the human body. The study also presents the reasons for the occurrence of selected cases with significant differences in the index values in the Lublin region, as well as the synoptic conditions on the day with the highest recorded Humidex value during the study period.

2025

This report is concerned with justice in the distribution of the effects of flooding and heatwaves on people's well-being. Climate change will increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather-related events such as flooding and heatwaves in the UK. While considerable effort has been made to understand patterns of current and future hazard-exposure, much less effort has been spent on addressing social, personal and environmental factors that render people more or less vulnerable to losses in well-being. This report provides a guide for analysing social vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. It shows how we can learn from past UK flooding and heatwave events to measure socio-spatial vulnerabilities and map geographical distributions of climate disadvantage. In doing so it supports the integration of the demands of justice into climate adaptation planning. the existence of distinct socially vulnerable groups helps to • explain uneven geographical patterns. www.jrf.org.uk Contents This research project has developed an integrated framework for understanding and assessing the ways in which climate-related social vulnerability is distributed across different groups and individuals in the UK. The new structure helps to underpin the process of developing just adaptation responses through its use of a more sophisticated understanding of climate-related social vulnerability and its distribution. Key messages and associated recommendations are summarised in Table . Future research needs to address the question of how different conversion factors, and the dimensions of socio-spatial vulnerability which they inform, should be weighted.

2025

alternative stable states, nutrient budgets, and trophic cascades to work with (see Chapter 2). It is doubtful that any one paradigm in its present state will describe degraded or partially degraded ecosystems undergoing restoration. An approach that would help to answer issues under debate would be to conduct experiments that would test specific hypotheses, as opposed to relying on observation-based science. Long-standing issues that often feed misguided interpretations would have evidence that would settle some of the issues and fuel science theory. 'The challenge, excitement, and potential of the river restoration culture on the Illinois River is to applywhat has been done and observed at the center of these impressive conservation and restoration efforts to refine theories and, in the long run, improve our predictive power (Zedler 2000a; Hobbs and Harris 2001).

2025, American Journal of Climate Change

This paper examined the causes, effects and measures for mitigating climate change to ensure adequate supply of food through crop production to address the food insecurity which has occupied a central focus of the Nigerian economy. Unfortunately, crop production is fraught with many ecological challenges including climate change. This climate change which occurs as a result of the buildup of Green House Gases (GHGs) occasioned by industrialization, technological modeling and agriculture, exert significant effects on crop yield, water availability, ecosystem disequilibrium resulting in cases of drought, flood earthquake among others. For crop production to be scaled-up to meet the food requirement of the ever growing Nigerian population amidst these challenges, there is need to mitigate these adverse effects of climate change through the adoption of sustainable land management practices that can reduce the atmospheric stock of GHGs such as zero-tillage, appropriate use of fertilizers, avoidance of bush burning, graze land management, improved water management among others. Achieving great success in these areas requires that Nigerian government should be more proactive in their policies that hold promise for sustainable cultures in agricultural production as well as evolving global partnerships on ecological issues.

2025, International Journal of Social Science And Human Research

Flooding is an environmental hazard that needs appropriate measures to be instituted to stem the tide of occurrence. In recent times, flooding has become a regular feature hence, the study focused on examining the causes and effects of flooding in Nigeria. The study relied on previous academic/scholarly articles in achieving the aim. It was noted in the study that flooding is caused by natural and human activities. For instance, excessive rainfall, terrain and nature of soils are natural causes of flooding. Furthermore, poor environmental planning/monitoring, housing development in flood prone areas, deforestation, haphazard developments resulting in the blockage of drains, poor waste disposal practices, negligence by government in designing and implementing policies at various levels as well as poor environmental planning and weak enforcement of policies contribute to flood occurrence. As expected, the effects of flooding are negative. Notably, flooding results in submerging of far...