Fluvial Processes Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Arkeoloji ve Sanat

Erken dönem Hristiyanlığın önemli mimari örneklerinden olan Mardin Nusaybin Mor Yakup Kilisesi’nde ilk kazı ve koruma çalışmaları 2000’de başlar ve 2020 yılına kadar sürer. Bu tarihten günümüze herhangi bir kazı yapılmamıştır. Kamulaştırmalar ile kazılar genişletilir ve meşhur Nisibis Akademisi’nin bir bölümü olan bu yapı grubunun ne kadar büyük bir sahaya yayılmış olduğu anlaşılır. Bitişiğindeki 12. yüzyıl eseri Zeynel Abidin Cami’ye doğru genişleyen bu alan; Nusaybin Belediyesi ve yerel sivil toplum örgütlerinin öncülüğünde başlayıp daha sonra Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Mardin Valiliği ve bölge müzelerinin önemli katkıları sonucunda 2014 yılında kültürel kategoride “Zeynel Abidin Cami ve Mor Yakup (St. Jacob) Kilisesi” adı ile UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’ne girmiştir. Suriye iç savaşı, hendek olayları gibi tehditlere maruz kalan kültür mirası her şeye rağmen günümüzde ziyarete açık, ibadet edilebilen yerlerdir. Bilimsel koruma için bu kültür mirası alanının yönetim planı hazırlanarak kazıların devam etmesi gerekmektedir.

2025, 13th International Social Studies Education Symposium

One of the disciplines that Social Studies, taught with an interdisciplinary approach, most frequently draws upon is undoubtedly Turkish. Within the Social Studies curriculum, while students develop their skills to express and interpret concepts, opinions, emotions, and facts both verbally and in writing (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), it is also aimed for them to engage in appropriate and creative linguistic interaction within a social and cultural context. The aim of this study is to reveal the trends in research conducted on the four basic language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) within the field of social studies education. The study was carried out using the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the study were collected using the Work Review Form (WRF) prepared by the researcher. The study group consists of twenty-two graduate theses that are publicly accessible in the CoHE (Council of Higher Education) thesis database. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the number of studies conducted in the relevant field is very limited, that the studies are not evenly distributed across the four basic language skills, and that the majority of the studies focus on writing skills. It was also found that the sample groups in these studies were mostly determined at the 4th and 7th grade levels, that the studies were generally conducted with sample groups selected using non-random sampling methods, and that there was a heavier focus on quantitative research methods. In contrast, qualitative research methods were used very rarely, and data analysis was generally carried out using similar techniques. According to the results of the studies, it was found that incorporating language skills into educational activities increases students' motivation toward the course, enhances their academic achievement, and improves the retention of learned information. It also makes the course more enjoyable and shows that language-based activities are effective in developing certain skills and values. In addition, researchers recommended that various institutions, teachers, and future researchers make greater use of language-based activities, conduct more studies using different methods on less-explored topics, and utilize language-based activities more frequently in daily life by drawing on the real-life aspects of social studies

2025, 13. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Sempozyumu

Disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla okutulan sosyal bilgilerin en çok işe koştuğu disiplinlerden birisi kuşkusuz Türkçedir. Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı içerisinde öğrencilerin kavram, görüş, duygu, olguları hem sözlü hem de yazılı olarak ifade etme ve yorumlama (dinleme, konuşma, okuma, yazma) becerileri geliştirilirken, sosyal ve kültürel bağlamda uygun ve yaratıcı bir dilsel etkileşimde bulunması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal bilgiler öğretimi alanında dört temel dil becerisi (okuma, yazma, konuşma, dinleme) üzerine yapılan çalışmaların eğilimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman inceleme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan EİF (Eser İnceleme Formu) ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu YÖK tez veri tabanında erişime açık halde yer alan yirmi iki lisansüstü tez çalışması oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz işlemi sonucunda ilgili alanda yapılan çalışmaların sayıca çok az olduğu, yapılan çalışmaların dört temel dil becerisi alanında dengeli dağılmadığı, çalışmaların çok büyük bir kısmının yazma becerisi üzerine yapıldığı, yapılan çalışmalarda örneklem grubunun 4. Ve 7. Sınıf düzeyinde belirlendiği, daha çok seçkisiz örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen örneklem gruplarında çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği, araştırmalarda daha çok nicel araştırmalar üzerine yoğunlaşıldığı, yapılan çalışmalarda nitel araştırma yöntemlerine çok az başvurulduğu, veri analizlerinin genelde aynı yöntemler ile gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaların sonuçlarına göre dil becerilerinin işe koşulduğu eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinde öğrencilerin derse yönelik motivasyonlarının, akademik başarılarının ve öğrenilen bilgilerin kalıcılığının arttığı, dersin eğlenceli hale geldiği ve bazı beceri ve değerlerin gelişiminde dile dayalı etkinliklerin etkili olduğu sonuçları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmacıların çeşitli kurumlara öğretmenlere ve yeni araştırma yapacak araştırmacılara dile dayalı etkinlikleri daha fazla kullanması, daha az çalışılmış hususlarda farklı yöntemlerle yapılan çalışmaların artırılması, dile dayalı etkinliklerin sosyal bilgilerin gündelik hayata dönük yüzünden de faydalanarak gündelik yaşamda daha fazla işe koşulması şeklinde önerilerde bulundukları tespit edilmiştir.

2025, 13th International Social Studies Education Symposium

The aim of this study is to reveal the trends in research conducted on active learning in the field of social studies education. The study was carried out using the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data for the study were collected using the Work Review Form (WRF) prepared by the researcher. The study group of the research consists of 105 graduate theses, determined through a filtering process among the theses available in the YÖK database, after selecting 'social studies,' 'active learning,' and 75 different active learning-based instructional activities as keywords. The data of the study were analyzed using the content analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that studies on active learning have increased in recent years, except for the pandemic period. The studies showed a balanced distribution in terms of research methods (qualitative, quantitative, mixed). The study group mostly consisted of 4th and 6th-grade students. It was also observed that the same analysis methods were typically used for data analysis, and different methods were rarely preferred. Most of the studies focused on academic achievement, student-teacher opinions, students' attitudes towards the course, and the retention of learned knowledge. It was also noted that graduate studies were limited to a narrow scope, with the active learning methods used in the theses restricted to thirteen methods. According to the results of the research, active learning has a significant number of advantages and positive effects when used in the teaching process, with very few limitations. The results of the relevant studies indicated that active learning increased students' interest in the course, made the course more enjoyable, improved academic achievement, and helped make learning more permanent. The researchers recommended that different active learning methods be applied at different educational levels using different research methods. In line with these results, it is recommended to increase the number of studies on active learning in the field of social studies, to study different active learning methods, and to focus on different skills, values, and outcomes instead of focusing on similar issues.

2025, 13. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Sempozyumu

Bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal bilgiler eğitimi alanında aktif öğrenme üzerine yapılan çalışmaların eğilimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman inceleme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan EİF (Eser İnceleme Formu) ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu "sosyal bilgiler" "aktif öğrenme " ve 75 farklı aktif öğrenmeye dayalı öğretimsel iş’in anahtar kelime olarak seçilmesi akabinde YÖK veri tabanında bulunan tezler arasında yapılan filtreleme işlemi ile belirlenen 105 lisansüstü tez çalışması oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz işlemi sonucunda son yıllarda aktif öğrenme üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların pandemi dönemi haricinde artış gösterdiği, çalışmaların araştırma yöntemleri (nitel,nicel,karma) bağlamında dengeli bir dağılım gösterdiği, çalışma grubu olarak daha çok 4. ve 6. sınıf düzeyinin belirlendiği, verilerin analizi işleminde genellikle aynı analiz yöntemlerinin işe koşulduğu ve farklı yöntemlerin nadiren tercih edildiği, yapılan çalışmaların genellikle akademik başarıya, öğrenci-öğretmen görüşlerine, öğrencilerin derse yönelik tutumlarına ve öğrenilenlerin kalıcılığına yönelik olduğu ve lisansüstü çalışmaların dar bir alanda sıkıştığı, tezlerde kullanılan aktif öğrenme yöntemlerinin on üç yöntem ile sınırlı olduğu, araştırmaların sonuçlarına göre aktif öğrenmenin eğitim-öğretim sürecinde kullanılmasının oldukça fazla avantaj ve pozitif yönlü etkisinin olduğu, sınırlılıklarının ise yok denilecek kadar az olduğu, ilgili araştırmaların sonuçlarında aktif öğrenmenin derse yönelik ilgiyi artırdığı, dersi eğlenceli hale getirdiği, akademik başarıyı yükselttiği ve öğrenilenleri kalıcı hale getirdiği, önerilerinde ise araştırmacıların farklı aktif öğrenme yöntemlerini farklı eğitim kademelerinde farklı araştırma yöntemleri ile çalışması şeklinde tavsiyeler yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda sosyal bilgiler alanında aktif öğrenme üzerine yapılan araştırmaların sayıca artırılması, farklı aktif öğrenme yöntemlerinin çalışılması, araştırmaların benzer hususlara odaklanmak yerine farklı beceriler, değerler, kazanımlar üzerine odaklanması önerilmektedir.

2025

Th e paper describes the results of research in the Upper Dades Valley in the High Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Th e purpose of the research was to identify the impact of river channels changes, fl uvial accumulation nad erosion on human activity. Fieldwork and maps were used to characterize the structure of the Dades river channel and the intensity of present-day fl uvial processes. Research data show that the Upper Dades Valley is shaped primarily by short but frequent and intense hydrometeorological events. Th e structure of the Dades river channel indicates a complex functionality. Tributary episodic riviers and gorges sections supply most of the weathering material. Narrow sections of Dades channel serve for material as transfer zones, while deposition occurs across broader areas. Research has shown that extreme fl uvial processes occurring in semi-arid mountains result in fast river chanels changes and accelerated deposition of weathering material across valley fl oors, which usually leads to limits on the development of agriculture in such areas.

2025

słowa kluczowe: rzeki karpackie, rewitalizacja, regulacja cieków, równowaga środowiska Cieki, stanowiące osiową strefę dolin, są ważnym elementem krajobrazu, zarówno naturalnego, jak i kulturowego, w tym drugim warunkując przebieg sieci osadniczej oraz elementów infrastruktury. Zarazem są one bardzo ważnym elementem środowiska przyrodniczego, stanowiąc szlaki odprowadzania wód i rumowiska z obszarów zlewni oraz korytarze ekologiczne, wzdłuż których zachodzi migracja organizmów. Cieki wraz z przyległymi obszarami den dolin tworzą strefę o dużej bioróżnorodności na styku obszaru lądowego i wodnego. Funkcjonowanie cieków jako elementów środowiska przyrodniczego warunkuje zatem ich funkcjonowanie w krajobrazie. Zrównoważony stan środowiska cieku cechuje się (Bojarski i in., 2005

2025

Gat analysis of the slope levels of the northern slope of the Malguzar mountains. 25 Rakhmonov I.U., Bijanov A.K., Rafikova G.R. Development of methods and algorithms for maintaining the technical condition of centralized inverters throughout their service life..... 30 Kazimbetova M.M., Khamitova K.M. Possibilities of using graphic algorithms in social relations and network analysis.

2025

The seven and a half kilometre long Dlgha foreshore. a part of the 65 kilometres long Medintpur coast of West Bengal. which had always been referred to as eroding In nature. at present contains erostonal and accretlonal domains In the east (Old Dtgha) and In the west (NewDigha) respectively. Juxtaposltlon of a man-made seawall over an eroding foreshore has divided It Into four sectors with respect to the physical feature and coastal process operating near shore. Polymodal sediments of -the entire Digha foreshore are of fine to very fine size class with well-to moderately well-sorted. nearly symmetrical and platykurtlc character. Variation In numerical values of these statistical parameters broadly demarcate erosional and accretional sectors along the foreshore as comparatively coarse. well sorted. posmvely skewed sediments make up the western accrettonal domain and comparatively fine. less sorted and negatively skewed sediments dominate the eastern erosional domain. Tendency to achieve an equilibrium condition with respect to sediment character over a wide. low gradient accreting foreshore with uninterrupted swash-backwash movement. has enabled the sediments of the western side of the Dlgha foreshore to have greater maturity compared to sediments of restricted (through seawall and natural coastal dune), comparatively steep eroding foreshore at the eastern side of Digha.

2025

The study of changes in river discharge is important for the development of effi cient water resource management systems, as well as for the development and validation of climate change impact models. The discharge regime of rivers and their long-term changes in Latvia were investigated. Four major types of river discharge regimes, which depend on climatic and physico-geographic factors, were characterized. These factors are linked to the changes observed in river discharge. Periodic oscillations of discharge intensity, and low-and high-water fl ow years are common for the major rivers in Latvia. A main frequency of about 20 and 13 years was estimated for the studied rivers.

2025

Abstract- Floods are related to several environmental processes. Therefore, its causes are as diverse as its consequences, both of which vary with the nature of the flood prone environment. In the low lying parts of flood plains, atmospheric extremes, especially excessive rainfall- are the primary causes of most of the flood episodes. The river Kaliaghai was originated from the highlands of the Jhargram P.S in the Paschim Medinipur district. The combined flows of the Kaliaghai and kangsabati which meet at Dheubhanga in P.S.-Moyna in the district of Purba Medinipur is known as the river Haldi. The river Kapaleswari and Baghai are two main tributaries of the Kaliaghai. The Kaliaghai-Kapaleswari- Baghai drainage basin covers an area of 2145 Km 2 The lower parts of the basin comprising of 1576.25 Km

2025

Nel novembre e nel dicembre 2004 sono stati complessivamente praticati nell’area demaniale sita presso Piazzale Clodio, 14 carotaggi a scopo geotecnico ed incidentalmente archeologico, nell’ambito delle opere preliminari rientranti nel progetto di riqualificazione “Porta del Parco di Monte Mario”, deliberato dal Consiglio Comunale di Roma in data 31/05V/2004.
Il presente studio, commissionato dalla soc. Risorse per Roma Spa a chi scrive scaturisce dalla necessità di fornire elementi nuovi ed utili ad una corretta valutazione dell’impatto sulle testimonianze archeologiche che il progetto “Porta del Parco di Monte Mario” sottintende, soprattutto nella parte in cui prevede la creazione di un vasto parcheggio sotterraneno ad uso pubblico nel comprensorio di proprietà demaniale.

2025, Land Degradation and Development

2025, Ecohydrology

Successful upstream adult migration of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) from estuary to spawning grounds is critical to population recovery, especially during increasingly extreme droughts that degrade migratory habitat. In regulated systems, river confluences can pose significant navigation impediments given complex operational flow release criteria and other cumulative effects. Differing discharge magnitudes and ratios between tributaries may cause divergent confluence hydraulics and hydraulic microhabitat selectivity, influencing migratory routing. This study asks with respect to confluences: (1) Do magnitudes of discharge in each confluence tributary (and resulting combined discharge) influence availability of preferred hydraulic microhabitats in one river versus the other? (2) Does the ratio of discharge magnitudes influence availability of preferred hydraulic microhabitats in one river versus the other? We used data collected from California Central Valley fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the confluence of the Feather and Yuba Rivers as a model system to investigate. We combined observations of migratory behavioural responses to hydraulic microhabitats from dual-frequency identification sonars, spatially explicit, meter-resolution hydrodynamic modelling, and machine learning to generate a hydraulic microhabitat selectivity index and simulate upstream migratory pathways for nine pertinent discharge scenarios with four discharge ratios. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) differences in preferred hydraulic habitat were found among both discharge scenarios and ratios, with the Feather River selected in five out of nine scenarios. Discharge magnitude and ratio act as controls on distribution of preferred hydraulic microhabitats, and under certain conditions relevant to drought operations in this system, they can influence migratory routing and propensity of straying.

2025, Earth Surface Process and Landforms

During the last decade, meter-resolution topo-bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) have become increasingly utilized within fluvial geomorphology, but most meter-scale geomorphic analyses are done on just one to a few rivers. While such analyses have contributed greatly to our collective understanding of river dischargetopography interactions, which is applicable in both river restoration design and environmental flow regulation contexts, their generalizability across a range of river types remains largely unevaluated. This study assessed the dominance of a single hydromorphodynamic mechanism, flow convergence routing, in 35 ephemeral rivers

2025, Geomorphology

Despite studies showing that dams have significant effects on the sediment dynamics and evolution of a river upstream of a dam, the knowledge of relationships between river topography and sediment transport in a dam's backwater zone has hardly been applied in reservoir sedimentation management. This study investigated the potential of an alternating sequence of engineered topographic nozzles and oversized landforms, utilizing flow convergence routing theory, to redistribute sediment erosion foci in a dam's backwater zone for remote mountain reservoirs with a sediment storage capacity of ~10 5 m 3. To test scientific ideas and engineering alternatives, the current topography of the backwater zone upstream from Our House Dam on the confined, mountainous Middle Yuba River, California, was virtually re-contoured into different scenarios for numerical experimentation. As most of the dam's backwater zone is filled with sediment (a common global problem) in a narrow, confined canyon, two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling was useful for evaluating erosion patterns resulting from different manipulations. The results found that high velocity concentrates through nozzles and dissipates through oversized landforms, resulting in the latter exhibiting hydraulics indicative of functioning as sediment settling basins. These basins can be located away from the dam where key infrastructure needs clearance from sedimentation. As flow increases through the sequence of nozzles and oversized landforms, each nozzle's hydraulic jet will persist farther into the oversized area. Moderate in-channel flow (daily recurrence of ~5-30 %) was best for creating conditions to force deposition of sediment in oversized landforms. At high enough discharge (recurrence of <1-5 %) significant sediment erosion can occur throughout the constructed terrain in the backwater zone, so the whole topographic scheme can become overwhelmed and ineffective. Thus, the performance of re-contouring as an aid in reservoir sedimentation management is location and flow-dependent, necessitating careful design refinement for local conditions and assessment of financial benefits and costs. Overall, this study opens a new realm of sediment management for dam operators and regulators hard-pressed to know what to do when a moderate-sized mountain reservoir with poor accessibility has a sediment storage capacity of ~10 5 m 3 .

2025, Fisheries Research

Migratory habitat selection in adult anadromous salmonids occurs in response to a combination of physical, chemical, and biological cues. Migratory behavioral responses to localized hydraulics are not well understood and hydraulic flow features can be particularly complex at confluence junctions. In some cases, hydraulics may play a partial role in migratory routing, with implications for population structure where wild-and hatcheryorigin fish hybridize. This study investigated two questions about such confluences: (1) Can patterns in migratory microhabitat selection or migratory swimming behavior in adult Chinook salmon be attributed to microscale hydraulic conditions driven by discharge magnitude and ratio at a confluence? (2) What is the relative influence of selectivity for hydraulic conditions compared to temperature and/or turbidity in micro-scale habitat selection or migratory swimming behavior at a confluence? The fall 2019 migration of California Central Valley Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the confluence of the Feather and Yuba Rivers in northeastern California served as a testbed. Using two dual-frequency identification sonars, 12 monitoring sites representing distinct physical microhabitats upstream of, within, and downstream of the confluence were repeatedly sampled during two four-day flow periods (mean flow ratios between the Feather and Yuba Rivers were 8.66 and 4.02, respectively). Temperature magnitudes and ratios flipped between these sampling periods. We used a multiple regression analysis using the F test for significance and a corrected Akaike information criteria (AICc) analysis to identify predictors of both detection rate (# individuals/m 3 /min) and percent occurrence of directed, milling, and backtracking swimming behaviors. A combination of conveyance (m 2 /s), temperature, and turbidity was found to perform best in predicting detection rate (p < 0.001). No suitable model was found to predict directed behavior. Milling was best predicted by a combination of all hydraulic variables (p < 0.001) and although temperature alone was found to best predict backtracking (p < 0.01), we identified a candidate model including conveyance and temperature as predictors (ΔAICc = 3.66, p = 0.02) which aided in the interpretation of our results. This study provides evidence that channel hydraulics play an active role in the sum of navigation cues that are utilized by migrating adult salmon en route to spawning grounds and should be considered in future investigations of homing and straying patterns in anadromous salmonids.

2025, Geomorphology

The morphological unit (MU) characterizes river landforms at the scale of ~0.5-5 channel widths. Geomorphic theory posits that ceteris paribus under a stationary flow and sediment regime, a river's channel pattern and its MU assemblage will also be stationary. This study tested that conjecture for the dynamic, gravel/cobble lower Yuba River. The MU assemblage consisting of eight in-channel bed types (i.e., chute, fast glide, pool/forced pool, riffle, riffle transition, run, slackwater, and slow glide) was mapped in 2006/2008 and 2014 for a ~34 km long by 100 m wide alluvial segment at ~1-m resolution using the Wyrick et al. (2014) methodology. Between these two surveys there were four brief floods of 6-9 times bankfull discharge and a total of 163 days above bankfull discharge, yielding an estimated 638,539 and 507,743 m 3 of erosion and deposition, respectively. Bulk statistical change tests (e.g., MU area, count, spacing, diversity, lateral diversity, and adjacency), MU temporal transition analysis, and MU individual polygon tracking analysis were used to answer the scientific question. Even though the river has an abundant internal sediment supply and dynamic flow regime, the river's in-channel bed shifted toward a lower-relief morphology, with a widespread and significant fragmentation of individual MU polygons, especially the large ones. The MU at each location in the river predominantly changed, except for pool, which tended to stay the same because of local topographic forcing. Overall, the predominance of evidence leads to the conclusion that the MU assemblage was not stationary over the period evaluated. This is hardly the final word, given the relatively short duration compared to geological time and considering only one cobble/gravel river, but this study points the way toward future investigation into MU stationarity in light of modern spatially explicit fluvial geomorphic mapping methods.

2025, Geophysical Research Letters

• 702 pool-riffle couplets from a large field dataset were analyzed using a mass and energy conservation-based velocity reversal criterion • Velocity reversals are relatively infrequent, but comprise more than 50% of couplets with riffle-to-pool top width ratios greater than 1.2 • Velocity reversal pools were almost always found at width constrictions and riffles at width expansions, though to a lesser extent

2025, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Flooding duration and volume more important than peak discharge in explaining 18 years of gravel-cobble river change. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.

2025, Frontiers in Environmental Science

Degraded floodplains and valley floors are restored with the goal of enhancing habitat for native fish and aquatic-riparian biota and the protection or improvement of water quality. Recent years have seen a shift toward “process-based restoration” that is intended to reestablish compromised ecogeomorphic processes resulting from site- or watershed-scale degradation. One form of process-based restoration has developed in the Pacific Northwest, United States, that is intended to reconnect rivers to their floodplains by slowing down flows of sediment, water, and nutrients to encourage lateral and vertical connectivity at base flows, facilitating development of dynamic, self-forming, and self-sustaining river-wetland corridors. Synergies between applied practices and the theoretical work of Cluer and Thorne in 2014 have led this form of restoration to be referred to regionally as restoration to a Stage 0 condition. This approach to rehabilitation is valley scale, rendering traditional m...

2025, CATENA

Romans who settled in the Low Countries at the northern margin of their empire were practicing diverse systems of water management to maintain economic and above all strategic stability. In the early Roman period (12 BC-AD 70) they created a shipping route from the Rhine towards the north by digging canals and constructing dams, such as the Dam of Drusus, accompanied by the adjacent Roman fortress of Carvium (Herwen). This dam was situated at the bifurcation point of the Rhine and Waal river branches and was designed to channel more water into the Rhine. All these engineering feats were undertaken in order to control the northern part of Germania via the Wadden Sea and the German rivers Ems, Weser and Elbe. By the middle Roman period (AD 70-270) the Romans had cancelled their efforts to subdue Germania and this is a period when the Rhine is known as the limes (Roman state border). The research area described in this paper is situated near Herwen in the eastern part of the Rhine-Meuse delta system. The area has a dynamic late Holocene erosional and depositional history, close to the river system's equilibrium point. In order to reconstruct the former landscape and to investigate whether evidence of Roman waterworks could be detected, geoarchaeological coring campaigns were carried out to gain insight into the sedimentology, chronology, stratigraphy and geoarchaeology of the region. Results indicate that Pleistocene sediments are only preserved in the western part of the research area, but further east then previously known. Dating of gullies and levees has confirmed Roman and potentially pre-Roman fluvial activity closer to the Roman fortress of Carvium then was previously known. Four newly discovered residual gullies provide a greater insight into the character of the Roman landscape than hitherto known. The largest of the newly identified gullies may be instrumental in finding the location of the Dam of Drusus, however, much depends on the question as to whether the gully represents an actual former stream channel or simply a crevasse and this cannot be ascertained on the current evidence. Nevertheless the results of this study reinforce the assumption that the Roman castellum was situated on the apex of the Insula Batavorum and close to the Dam of Drusus at the bifurcation of the Rhine and Waal.

2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We report morphologic and chronologic evidence indicating that fluvial landscapes in Harappan territory became remarkably stable during the late Holocene as aridification intensified in the region after approximately 5,000 BP. Upstream on the alluvial plain, the large Himalayan rivers in Punjab stopped incising, while downstream, sedimentation slowed on the distinctive mega-fluvial ridge, which the Indus built in Sindh. This fluvial quiescence suggests a gradual decrease in flood intensity that probably stimulated intensive agriculture initially and encouraged urbanization around 4,500 BP. Howev...

2025, Uttar Pradesh Geographical Journal

There has been a unique trend of urbanization observed in the nineteenth century. It is projected that more than half or two-third of the global population will be residing in urban areas by 2050. The per capita income of average people has seen a major hike in recent days propelling them to flock towards urban areas to uplift their standard of living. India is no exception when it comes to the trend of rapid urbanization that the world is witnessing now a days. Although urbanization in India is sometimes metropolitan city oriented, the other small and medium size cities have also increased in association of globalization recorded by Census, 2011. Many small census towns (CTs), Notified Areas (NAs) are connected or associated with the Municipalities(M). Krishnanagar Municipality is also experienced with rapid growth of urbanization since Independence (1947).
Key Words: Urbanization, Globalization, Metropolitan City, Census Towns (CTs), Notified Area (NA).

2025, Проблеми геоморфології і палеогеографії Українських Карпат і прилеглих територій

Для досліджень обрано два річкові басейни, які охоплені
моніторинговими спостереженнями за витратами води, рівнями води та витратами завислих наносів: р. Орява (лівий доплив р. Опір до гідропоста у с. Святослав) та р. Бистриця (правий доплив р. Дністер до гідропоста у с. Велика Озимина (Львівська
область). Обидва водозбори мають майже однакову площу, схожі морфометричні
параметри, але різні гідрокліматичні умови та різні коефіцієнти лісистості.
У процесі досліджень проаналізовано зв’язки між витратами води, сумами опадів та витратами завислих наносів. Особливості динаміки витрат води засвідчили різницю морфологічних умов русла обох річок. Співставлення динаміки річних сум атмосферних
опадів і витрат води засвідчили вирішальну роль у формуванні поверхневого стоку води нерівномірності випадіння атмосферних опадів упродовж року. Середні багаторічні модулі стоку завислих наносів у сточищі р. Бистриці у 2,3 раза більші, ніж Оряви. Однак цього недостатньо, щоб зробити висновок про меншу транзитну денудацію і, відповідно, схилову ерозію у сточищі Оряви. Отож, для
попередньої оцінки залежностей між досліджуваними показниками і впливу на них різних чинників побудовано серію спарених графіків багаторічної динаміки показників. Виявлено відмінності у гранулометричному складі наносів обох річкових систем.
Порушена еквідистантність між лініями на аналізованих графіках засвідчує впливи певних сторонніх чинників, яких у випадку Бистриці є дещо більше, ніж Оряви. Цей факт узгоджується з висновками науковців про більший ступінь антропогенної перетвореності
і сильніші впливи у басейні Бистриці до с. Велика Озимина. Виявлення цих чинників впливу і їхня кількісна оцінка є перспективним завданням наступних етапів дослідження.
Дослідження підтверджують визначальний вплив гранулометричного складу наносів на залежність між витратами наносів і води в досліджуваних річкових системах.
Оскільки відсоткова частка найдрібніших фракцій завислих наносів є суттєво більшою у багатоводному році, то з великою ймовірністю це засвідчує активізацію схилової ерозії ґрунтів. Відсутність серед завислих наносів річки Оряви (с. Святослав) фракцій понад 0,5 мм, ймовірно, може бути спричинена каскадом водонапускних споруд
і ставків форельного господарства. Водночас це може частково пояснювати перевищення показників витрат завислих наносів у басейні Бистриці (с. Велика Озимина) над Орявою (с. Святослав). Для підтвердження таких висновків і припущень необхідно співставляти й аналізувати гранулометричний склад не лише завислих, а й донних наносів і їхнього переміщення руслом.
Two river basins were chosen for the research. Both of them are monitored by
water levels, water discharge and suspended sediments runoff: the Oriava River (left tributary of the Opir River, the gauging station – Sviatoslav) and the Bystrytsia River (right tributary of the Dnister River, the gauging station – Velyka Ozymyna). Both river basins have similar catchment area, morphometric parameters, but different forestry coefficients and hydro-climatic conditions. By the research the relations between the water discharge, precipitation and suspended sediments runoff have been analyzed. The water discharge dynamics features testify about
difference in the morphometric conditions of the river beds. The matching of the year precipitation and water discharges testifies about determinative role of the precipitation irregularity in the surface runoff forming. The mean annual suspended sediments runoff modules in the Bystrytsia catchment 2.3 times larger than in the Oriava catchment. But this data is not enough to conclude about lesser transit denudation and slope erosion in the Oriava basin. Therefore, with the aim of preliminary
assessment of the relations between the analyzed parameters and influence of different factors
including human activities the series of twin graphs for many years dynamics of the parameters.
The differences in sediments granulometry of the two river systems have been ascertained. The disturbed equidistance between the graphs of testifies on some factors influences which is more
characteristic for the Bystrytsia river than Oriava. This fact concords with the conclusions of the scientists concerning relatively higher level of man-made affection of the Bystrytsia River basin. Ascertaining of these factors and their quantitative assessment are the perspective task for
the next research stages.
The investigations also confirm the determinative influence of the granulomentric
composition of sediments on the relations between the water discharge and suspended sediments runoff in the researched river systems.
Since the portion of the smallest fractions of the suspended sediments is considerably bigger in the abounding in water years, this fact confirms the conclusion about high level slope erosion in such years. Absence of the fractions more than 0.5 mm in the suspended sediments
load in the Oriava River may be caused by the cascade of the dams and ponds of the trout farm in its main river course. At the same time it can partly explain the higher parameters of the suspended sediments runoff in the Bystrytsia (Velyka Ozymyna) in comparison to the Oriava (Sviatoslav). To confirm such conclusions it is necessary to match and analyze the granulomentric composition of the not only suspended sediments, but also bottom ones and their transition through the river bed.

2025

The rivers of India, vital lifelines that support agriculture, industry, and drinking water needs, are facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change and human activities of the Anthropocene. The impact of rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events is profoundly affecting the geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, and socioeconomic fabric associated with these waterways. This book project (edited volume) explores how climate change is influencing Indian rivers (impact) and outlines potential strategies for mitigation and adaptation (resilience). It also covers the impact of various human activities on the fluvial morphology, hydrology and riverine environment. Yet, as we step further into the 21st century, these vital waterways face unprecedented challenges. Reviving and restoring fluvial ecosystems is essential for reviving the health of India's rivers. This involves rehabilitating wetlands, reforesting riparian zones, and restoring natural river channels that have been altered by human activity. The need to reimagine and revitalize India's rivers has never been more urgent. To ensure their sustainability and health, a comprehensive blueprint is essential—one that balances ecological preservation with socioeconomic development. Research initiatives from a range of academic perspectives, including geography, biology, hydrology, geomorphology, environmental sustainability, environmental science, water economy, sociology, and political geography, are required for the book project. Please submit the relevant book chapter within April 2025. Details are given in the poster. Please share it also.

2025, Water

On the basis of daily discharges recorded in 140 water gauges located on 96 Polish rivers, the long-term changes of runoff and the number of days with low flows (ND LF) in relation to selected meteorological variables were studied. The analyses were performed for the entire multi-annual period 1951-2020 and two sub-periods: 1951-1988 and 1988-2020 that are before and after climate change. The average values of these hydro-meteorological variables in the two sub-periods were then compared. It was found that after 1988, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the average air temperatures, ranging from 0.9 to over 1.3 • C, occurred. Similarly, statistically significant changes were determined for evaporation, which increased by about 10-25%. Precipitation did not show such changesa statistically significant decrease in precipitation (by over 5%) was recorded only in the southern part of the Odra River basin, and in most stations, statistically insignificant increases were recorded. The most complex changes took place in river runoff. After 1988, in most gauges, a decrease in runoff by about 5-15% was detected; in some cases, these decreases were statistically significant. In the southeastern part of the country, primarily in the catchments of the right tributaries of the Vistula River, an increase in runoff by about 5-10% was detected. However, only in the case of one gauge, these tendencies were statistically significant. Next, in order to determine spatial regularities in long-term changes in the ND LF , the cluster analysis method was used, and the gauges were grouped according to the values of 70 annual ND LF. This resulted in separating three relatively homogenous territorially groups of rivers, demonstrating a clear regional differentiation of ND LF. It was concluded that separation of these three groups of rivers in terms of different long-term changes in ND LF was mainly influenced by climatic conditions.

2025

In a geographical analysis on a pilot area, the study of the interdependence between the road network density and drainage density can offer us important details concerning the characteristics and causal relationships between geomorphology and configuration of the existing road network. The present study aims to be one of applied geography for an area with historical meanings.The pilot area for my researchis located in the central-eastern part of Romania, in the internal part of the Carpathian arch. I used the classical methodology of the linear regressiondescribed in literature. The research was conducted through the cartographicanalysis of the two indicators, which are completed in this study by the mathematical analysis and graphics. The conclusion derived from the correlated analysis is that the road network density is in a closely dependent relationship with the drainage density, the correlation being linearly negative and inversely proportional, fact proved by the resulted gra...

2025, Present Environment and Sustainable Development

Le but de cet ouvrage est de mettre en place une évaluation du dégrée de la perception des risques naturels, perçue par les habitants de la dépression de Lepşa-Greşu appartenant à la chaine montagneuse des Carpates Orientales. Il s`agit d`une région où on peut saisir toute une série de mécanismes émergents de turistification de ces deux localités, les implications systémiques étant les plus complexes. Etant donné ce contexte, la perception devient très importante comme paramètre d`évaluation de la vulnérabilité générale.

2025

The meandering stream has been well studied in temperate environments but the same level of research has not been achieved for meandering streams in tropical areas. A third objective was to develop an empirical model for predicting bend migration rates in humid tropical rivers, resulting in empirical relationships that indicate that meander migration has a high degree of correlation with the number of bankfull discharge events under all scenarios, and that model correlation can be enhanced when the silt-clay composition of the banks, and the radius of curvature to width ratio are included as independent variables. The resulting equations were tested to predict maximum meander migration distance, and predictions produced very satisfactory results. In addition to increasing basic understanding of meander processes in tropical areas and for developing fluvial geomorphological theory, the results of this research have potentially important benefits to society. Because property and structures are often threatened by channel movement, there is a need for improved predictive capability of deformation of stream channels, and the results can therefore be useful to engineers and other professionals in delineating channel hazard zones. v DEDICATION This work is dedicated with love and appreciation to my parents, and especially my father who recently passed away. In addition to many positive qualities, he taught me to be a free thinker and explorer of ideas at a young age. Furthermore, I dedicate this work to my loving wife Carmen Teresa for her continued support, enthusiasm, inspiration and friendship, and for sharing this difficult but wonderful experience. Without her my studies and research would not have been possible. It is also dedicated to my children and especially my grandchildren, future explorers of ideas. My special message to them is that they should not limit their dreams, imagination, perseverance, and hard work in their quest of new frontiers, either subatomic or galactic. Do not restrict your imagination or creativity by life's quotidian obstacles. You can, if you think you can. The future of mankind and life on the planet depend on it. "Every obstacle no matter how great yields to effort." Leonardo da Vinci vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank his advisor Dr. Anne Chin for providing guidance, valuable feedback, and kindling my interest in the field of fluvial geomorphology, an area vibrant and yearning discovery. I thank her for the many stimulating intellectual discussions, long hours, support and insight during the course of my graduate experience. I am grateful to my committee members, Dr. Daniel Z. Sui and Dr. Bradford Wilcox, for their observations, encouragement and enlightenment during this process. Special thanks go to Dr. Hongxing Liu who introduced me to the fascinating and rapidly developing fields of GIS and remote sensing. His guidance, cooperation, and unselfish open office atmosphere was very helpful. Thanks also go to Cesar Arias who developed the TCTM method and taught me its use, Dr. Sherman for stimulating my research topic, and Dr. Klein and the other faculty members who gave guidance and encouragement. The author is grateful for the cooperation and assistance provided. I would like to also thank my colleagues and friends of the department who assisted in my endeavors, most notably, José Gavinha, Jean Ellis, Paul Rindfleisch, and Barry Priest.

2025

2025, GeoTerrace-2023-048

To ascertain the trends of the sediments runoff changes in the Upper Dnister River basin systems the data sets for 23 gauging stations for two periods have been analysed. The first period is 1958-1990 and the second one-1991-2019. The second period is taken as the conditional start of the intensive climatic changes. The investigation is also based on the own semi-stationary observations which were carried out during the 2004-2014. The analysis has testified that denudation intensity is considerably different in time and space aspects. The Carpathian basin systems are characterized by the high sediments runoff in the period 1958-1990. During the next period 1991-2019 the trend of decreasing of the sediments runoff is observed in all the basin systems of the Upper Dnister.

2025, Coal Geology of Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 102

Paleocene siliciclastic sediment and coal accumulated on an unconfined alluvial plain north of the Bighorn and Black Hills uplifts in the western Williston basin. Two types of coal geometry occur within ammeter-thick fluvial and fluvio-lacustrine succession of the Tullock, Lebo, and lower Tongue River members of the Fort Union Formation. A lenticular type was produced on floodbasins between coeval elastic alluvial ridges. Autogenic processes dominated the origin of these strata. A regionally extensive type of coal deposit extended over thousands of square kilometers, and typically occurred as a coal zone between thicker, coarser elastic intervals. Allogenic processes likely initiated the regional peat swamps and their fine-grained elastics.

2025, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Planimetric change was measured on daily hydrographs over two meltwater seasons using time‐lapse images of the proglacial, gravel, braided, Sunwapta River, Canada. Significant planimetric change occurred on 10–15 days per year. Area of planimetric change correlated with peak and total daily meltwater hydrograph discharge. A clear threshold discharge can be identified below which no planform activity occurs, an intermediate range over which change occurs conditionally, and a peak flow range at which significant change always occurs. Field conditions were reproduced in a physical model in a laboratory flume. Photogrammetric DEMs of bed morphology and measurements of bedload output were made for each hydrograph experimental run. The physical model results for planimetric change had a threshold discharge for change, and trend with discharge, similar to the field data. The model data also show that planimetric change correlates strongly with volumes of erosion/deposition measured from su...

2025

Durante los últimos años el río Ebro ha experimentado importantes eventos de crecida, varios de ellos con carácter extraordinario en el Ebro Medio. Todos han provocado la inundación de un sector de la amplia llanura aluvial que el río posee en su tramo medio, abriendo un importante debate social sobre las medidas más adecuadas para paliar los efectos de estos episodios de crecida. En este trabajo se hace un repaso por los eventos de crecida acaecidos en los años transcurridos del siglo XXI, incluyendo el muy reciente de febrero-marzo de 2015. Se analizan sus causas,

2025, Geology

Although the shifting of deltaic river branches (avulsion) is a natural process that has become increasingly influenced by humans, the impact of early human activities as a driver of avulsion success has remained poorly explored. This study demonstrates how two important avulsions in the downstream part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands, were stimulated by human activities in the first millennium CE, before historic embankment constrained the river courses. Peatland reclamation induced land subsidence in the lower delta. This effect, together with a human-induced increase in suspended fluvial sediments and tidal backwater effects, allowed for a gradual ingression of tidal creek channels and progradation of fluvial crevasse channels into human-occupied and drained peatlands, where they eventually connected. We reconstructed the initial situation and identified the feedback loops among overbank sedimentation, tidal incursion, and land drainage subsidence that led to avulsion success. The processes and feedbacks resulting from human activities are generic and hence relevant to many other deltas today where humaninduced subsidence results in tidal ingression, potentially connecting to rivers and causing unexpected avulsions.

2025, Quaternary International

Several alluvial areas in the Lower Scheldt basin (LSB) have been subjected to geo-archaeological surveys and excavations in light of tidal restoration and nature development projects. Through the combination of a large number of radiocarbon dates and the sedimentary and geomorphological characteristics of the dated samples, several trends in the evolution of Lateglacial and Holocene fluvial activity in the LSB emerge. At the onset of the Lateglacial period the fluvial style in the LSB consisted of a meandering river system. During most of this period and the early and middle Holocene depositional processes dominated. After a first phase of gyttja deposition, organic and clastic sediments gradually filled the channels and later on this accretion also occurred outside their confines, extending laterally in the alluvial plain. The transition from the Subboreal to the Subatlantic period witnessed an intensification of fluvial activities, and a new meandering river system developed. Vertical accumulation processes continued to dominate the fluvial environment. Due to the creation of an extensive network of dikes floodplain evolution was restricted from the 11the12th century onwards. Similar evolutions are observed in other lowland river basins in NW Europe, evolutions which have been related to climatic changes, and from the 4th millennium cal BP onwards, also to anthropogenic influences. The low-energy aggradation regime throughout the Holocene within the alluvial areas of the LSB accounts for an extensive, well-preserved, but well-hidden archaeological record. The observed geomorphological and sedimentary evolutions are of primary importance for the understanding of the presence and 'preservation potential' of archaeological structures and finds from the Final Palaeolithic up to the Medieval period.

2024, Geomorphology

The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang Yangtze basin has shown a significant decreasing trend since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the major hydrological processes in the Changjiang River basin, with a special focus on their influence on the discharge from the drainage basin to the sea during the dry season. Climatic warming has been obvious since the 1960s in the headwater area, resulting a continuous retreat of glaciers, while the increased evaporation is responsible for the dropping of lake water levels and decrease in water area. Such a trend continuing into the coming decades will significantly change the seasonal hydrological processes, especially the dry-season discharges from the upper basin. The decreasing vegetation cover and the increasing reservoir volume capacity also impacted on the water discharge over the past decades, although in different ways. The possible impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the monthly variation of water discharge to the sea are discussed with special emphasis. In the middle basin discussions are focused on the effect of decreasing lake area, of increasing reservoir capacity, and of irrigated agriculture on the temporal changes of water discharge since the 1950s. The human impacts on water discharge from the lower basin to the sea are mostly attributed to water transfer to both tributary and neighboring drainage basins by a large number of electric pumping stations and sluices. The total water transferring capacity is more than 5000 m 3 rs along the lower river. Studies indicate that in a dry season the water discharge to the sea is greatly reduced and results in strong saltwater intrusion in the estuary.

2024

Apuseni Mountains are characterized by a very complex construction of the relief. The main orientation of the peaks is separated in two north – south alignments: Vlădeasa – Bihor Metaliferi and Gilau – Muntele Mare Trascău. Because the western circulation is predominant in this sector, on the eastern, sheltered slopes of the Apuseni Mountains foehn processes develop. Due to the relatively modest altitudes, the phenomenon is not very pronounced. Using meteorological radar there could be identified foehn areas or corridors, where cloud formations dissipate. Foehn manifestation presents a temporal differentiation. The maximum frequency is recorded in April June, and the minimum in winter and September. The existence of foehn processes in Mureș Corridor is reflected in several aspects of the geographical environment, one of which is rivers flow reduction in that area. Analysis of flow distribution in small autochthonous hydrographic basins reveals a clear distinction between the eastern...

2024, Geomorphology

Dams, weirs and transverse barriers to rivers interrupt sediment continuity and reduce sediment supply downstream.
In this regard, dam removal is an increasingly used river restoration measure to recover longitudinal
connectivity of sediment, among many other river processes. In this work we present a 6-year (from 2016 to
2022) monitoring of bedload transport before, during and after the removal of the 7-meters high Olloki dam in
the Leitzaran River (Basque Country). The removal process started in 2018 with the upper 3 m and was
completed in 2019 with the remaining 4 m of the dam. To monitor bedload transport, we seeded RFID-tagged
stones in three reaches: a control reach unaffected by the dam, a reach immediately upstream of the dam,
and a reach downstream of the dam. We deployed 300 tagged stones each year (100 by reach), i.e., 1800 in total.
We measured important mobilization and displacement of tracer stones (with maximum travel distances of ~8.8
km of tracers seeded upstream the Olloki dam) during an active hydrological year following the complete
removal of the dam, with some tagged particles even travelling across a downstream weir. We also reported
changes in the progression of tagged stones in the dam-affected reaches (upstream and downstream) with the
removal, with further and faster dispersal of sediments once the dam was removed. In addition, in these reaches
we estimated larger volumes of mobilized bedload in the three years following removal than in the previous
years, especially in the upstream reach. In this regard, the relationship between bedload and cumulated energy
suggests that less energy was expended in the upstream reach for mobilizing bedload once the removal of the
dam was completed. Conversely, in the control reach no major changes were observed before and after the
removal of the dam; this reach showed only an increase in sediment mobilization during the last hydrological
year, which was the most hydrologically active of the whole monitoring period. In summary, our tracer observations
document that travel distances and mobilization volumes are considerably increased with dam removal,
especially once the dam was completely removed.

2024, Prace i Studia Geograficzne

Cape Verde Islands are an example of a local diversity of the semi-arid equatorial climate zone. Th e type and intensity of the present-day morphogenetic processes is determined mostly by total precipitation and vegetation cover. We can distinguish three types of relief development. In the warm, arid climate conditions throughout the year, volcanic forms are very slowly changed or preserved by the action of episodic water, limited to a material redeposition in the wadi channels and sand dune forming by the wind. In the semi-arid climate conditions, volcanic forms are transformed into denudationfl uvial relief in the rain period. It is visible mainly on the windward side of islands and at a lower altitude, where the weathering material is washed from slopes and carried away down the wadi channels to the sea after periodic torrential rains. At the same time on the leeward side, at a higher altitude and in agricultural areas only a small amount of material is transported over short distance.

2024

Land degradation from Hiliseu county is mainly due to various erosion types, as areolar or liniar, but also by amplifying landslides (both with generalized spread). Also, land degradation is influenced by a considerable number of secondary processes whose is represented at punctual level. Soil cover, which is in direct contact with climatic factors, being strongly controlled by them, changes completely in its appearence and characteristics. On flat or slightly inclined surfaces, alteration products remain in place, contributing to the formation of eluvium that covers the sculptural interfluves. When the slope is increasing, alteration products start to move slowly. These processes are known as areolar erosion, depth erosion or wet landslides, processes that have an important role not only in the evolution of landscape, but also in the slope one. Their main reason is the force of gravity, but their mode of expression and their stage of development depends on a complex of natural and ...

2024, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Geographical research has four main traditions: spatial, regional, man-land, and earth science. By discussing these traditions, the field of geography can achieve both internal coherence and external comprehensibility. Geographers often blend these traditions in their research, sometimes incorporating all simultaneously. Regardless of their traditions, geographical research typically serves a fundamental or applied purpose. In this context, the current study falls into the applied category, as it employs fundamental geographical principles to examine the geometry and morphometry of channel form and pattern, focusing on identifying causes of flooding problems in the lower course of the Damodar River in Howrah District. This research aims to address real-world issues and provide practical insights, making it action-oriented and relevant for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. The current volume focuses on morphometric analysis within the Damodar Lower Course Basin area, utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS techniques and Datasets to delineate the causes of sedimentation and flooding. This research is motivated by the intricate interplay between human activities and natural landscapes, particularly the relationship between people, rivers, and their surrounding environments.

2024

Abstract: The main coal-bearing and lowermost upper intervals of the upper Cretaceous middle Mesaverde Group in the Douglas Creek Arch, northwestern Colorado are representative of marginal-marine to lower coastal-plain depositional... more

2024, Hacquetia

The article deals with the results of palynological and stratigraphical research of lacustrine, marsh and fluvial Quaternary deposits in the Rašica dolina and Mišja dolina, and on Radensko polje. Correlation with equivalent Quaternary deposits and their palynoflora from the Grosuplje polje area was also performed. In the study area, Mesozoic, predominantly carbonate rocks are transgressively covered by Quaternary deposits which are in general composed of five lithostratigraphic units (from bottom to top): 1. gravel, 2. grey lacustrine clay, 3. reddish brown loam, 4. light grey marly clay and 5. alluvial marsh deposits. On the basis of pollen analysis the Quaternary sediments of the study area are chronostratigraphically classified to the Late or Middle Pleistocene and Holocene.

2024, Hacquetia

2024, 1st International Marmaris Art and Design Symposium

In painting, portraits go beyond merely reflecting the facial and bodily features of the individual; they also convey deeper narratives about the character, identity, social status, and emotional state of the subject through their relationship with the depicted space. Space, in portrait art, serves as a symbolic tool, producing meanings related to the individual's identity, social surroundings, and historical context. This study aims to explore the expressive power of space in portraiture and provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the portrait-space relationship throughout art history.
The historical use of space in portraits will be examined, particularly focusing on the Renaissance, Baroque, and Modernist periods. These eras will be compared regarding how space reflects the subject's identity, social status, and psychological condition. While the detailed interiors of the Renaissance portraits emphasize the subject's social identity and status, the abstracted spaces of modern art movements highlight the subject's inner world more intensely.
This study is grounded in significant research on art history and spatial theory. Art-historical approaches, such as Erwin Panofsky's iconography theory, will be employed to analyze the narrative function of space and unravel the symbolic meanings in portraits. Additionally, psychological approaches, such as Freud's concept of the relationship between space and the unconscious, will be used to understand how space reflects the subject's mood and inner self in portraits.
Methodologically, the relationship between portraiture and space will be examined through visual analysis and iconographic interpretation. In selected examples from art history, the role of space in the portrait and its impact on the subject's social and psychological state will be analyzed, with comparisons made between artists from different periods. Jan van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait will be discussed in terms of how space highlights social status, while Francis Bacon’s works will be analyzed for how space is abstracted to reflect the inner world of the individual.
In conclusion, this study will reveal that space in portraiture is not merely a decorative element but a narrative tool that defines the individual and reflects their identity and emotional state. Examining the historical and cultural dimensions of the portrait-space relationship will offer a broader perspective on the significance of this discipline in art history.