Funeral Rites Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

In this article, we propose a critical and situational assessment of Brazilian social scientists' production on the COVID pandemic. We take stock of production within the context of the pandemic, yet also go further to sketch out some of the general characteristics of scientific production within Brazilian social sciences. Our major reference is a publication that, from within the social sciences, initiated an entire movement toward public reflections on the pandemic: the Social Scientists and Coronavirus Bulletin. It was published on a daily basis under the auspices of the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Social Sciences (Anpocs), in partnership with other scientific associations. We argue that social sciences' reaction to the pandemic both engages and contrasts with the tradition of debates on health within our disciplines. We also offer a classification scheme for the wide range of texts written "in the heat of the moment" by social scientists, in their quest to understand the pandemic and its effects. Finally, we offer a brief and descriptive analysis of the Bulletin's texts characteristics, unfolding into a larger discussion of the institutional transformations that have marked Brazilian social sciences.

2025

The book examines the currency pattern in the chora of Bosporus from the last third of the fourth century BC to the era of Mithradates VI. Author analyzes coin assemblages from recently discovered archaeological sites in the chora, as well as some “rural” hoards consisting of Bosporan various bronze coins that circulated on the inner money market. These materials provide a good picture of currency in the Hellenistic period, showing how money behaved at the most ordinary level of daily life. Of particular interest are foreign coins found in the chora, indicating the involvement of the rural population of Bosporus in the trade of poleis with a number of Hellenistic centers.

2025, Antiquity

During the Early Neolithic in the Near East, particularly from the mid ninth millennium cal BC onwards, human iconography became more widespread. Explanations for this development, however, remain elusive. This article presents a unique assemblage of flint artefacts from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (eighth millennium BC) site of Kharaysin in Jordan. Contextual, morphological, statistical and use-wear analyses of these artefacts suggest that they are not tools but rather human figurines. Their close association with burial contexts suggests that they were manufactured and discarded during mortuary rituals and remembrance ceremonies that included the extraction, manipulation and redeposition of human remains.

2025, Видимое невидимо

М.: Памятники исторической мысли, 2025. – 392 с.
Вторая половина
с. 197-392

2025, Тропин Н.А. Археолого-антропологическое исследование затерянного сельского некрополя Елецкого княжества / С.В. Васильев, Н.А. Тропин, С.Б. Боруцкая // Stratum plus. 2022. № 5. С. 319-332.

Исследуются результаты раскопок грунтового средневекового могильника второй половины XIV- первой половины XV вв., расположенного вблизи летописного Ельца. Раскопки площадью 1157 кв.м. изучили его полностью, проведены антропологические исследования. Установлены размеры могильника 18х25 м., его многорядная планировка, типичный христианский погребальный обряд, безинвентарный. Углубленность могил от современной поверхности составляет 0,32-1,16 м. Для детских погребений типична не значительная глубина ям (0,32-0,45 м). Фиксируются семейные участки на кладбище.
Выявлено предполагаемое место расположения церкви размерами 3х8,5 м. Среди погребений со стороны алтаря фиксируется женское погребе-ние с камнем у изголовья. Некоторые погребения по антропологическим при-знакам имеют монголоидные черты.

2025, XXIV ENCUENTRO IBEROAMERICANO DE VALORACIÓN Y GESTIÓN DE CEMENTERIOS PATRIMONIALES

Este trabajo presenta los avances preliminares de un relevamiento sistemático de cementerios rurales comunitarios ubicados en el sector meridional de la Sierra de Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina). Enmarcado en el proyecto “Lugares y Paisajes de la Cuenca Ipizca-Icaño. Caracterización Arqueológica, Antropológica y Patrimonial” (EDA–UNCA), el estudio aborda los cementerios como espacios socialmente construidos, en los que se materializa la memoria colectiva a través de prácticas funerarias, organización espacial y expresiones simbólicas.
Desde una perspectiva etnográfica y patrimonial, se destaca el valor de estos sitios como nodos de identidad local, en un contexto de transformación del paisaje productivo y social por el avance de modelos extractivos. El caso del cementerio de El Chorro permite identificar patrones morfológicos de tumbas y formas de apropiación del espacio que reflejan las dinámicas de parentesco y movilidad de la población.
Se propone seguir profundizando el análisis en los 15 cementerios identificados, como vía para reconstruir genealogías, cronologías y modos de habitar serrano.

2025, Genealogické a heraldické listy č. 1

Heraldic motifs in funeral sermons of the early modern period. The article deals with the use of heraldic figures for the needs of funeral preachers, their original processing by clergymen for the needs of emphasizing the merits of the deceased, naturally especially from the circle of the higher nobility. The use of heraldic motifs for the needs of emphasizing the importance of the family in the fields of architecture, bell-making, and applied arts is also of interest.

2025, RIDE revista iberoamericana para la investigación y el desarrollo educativo

La pandemia causada por el virus de covid-19 transformó la realidad en la que vivimos, desde lo social a los ámbitos más íntimos. Por ejemplo, las restricciones gubernamentales implementadas obligaron el cierre de los cementerios, lo cual afectó a los espacios y a las actividades desarrolladas por hombres y mujeres en rituales fúnebres. Por eso, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo los varones resignificaron sus prácticas en las ceremonias fúnebres durante la emergencia sanitaria del virus de covid-19 en una comunidad del Estado de México. Para ello, se empleó un método cualitativo, mediante una etnografía en la comunidad, así como entrevistas en profundidad a los varones que durante varios años se han encargado de realizar actividades en los funerales del pueblo, lo cual les permite cumplir con su lugar dentro de lo que Connell llama orden de género . Los principales hallazgos muestran que los varones resignificaron sus prácticas para cumplir con el mandato de ser buen hombre, esposo y padre que debe proteger a su familia. También, se halló que los rituales funerarios actualmente presentan resistencias, aunque los varones buscan volver a instaurarlos para volver a la estructura y el orden previamente establecido.

2025, TURAN: AKADEMİK İLİM, FİKİR ve SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ / TURAN: JOURNAL of ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE, THOUGHT and SOCIAL SCIENCES

İslâmiyet’ten önce Türklerin düzenlemiş olduğu birçok resmî, dinî ve toplumsal törenler olmuştur ve bunların içerisinde cenaze törenleri en önemli törenlerdendir. Türkler ölülerini defnetme sırasında ölen kişilerin statülerine göre kurban keserlerdi. Kurban törenleri ölen kişinin defnedilmesinin üçüncü, yedinci, yirminci, kırkıncı günlerinde ve ölüm yıl dönümlerinde düzenlenmekteydi. Bu çalışmada İskitler, Hunlar ve Göktürkler döneminde cenaze törenlerinin nasıl yapıldığı ve mezar yapıları üzerinde durulmuştur.
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Before the advent of Islam, the Turks organized various official, religious, and social ceremonies, among which funeral rites held particular significance. During the burial process, animals were sacrificed according to the social status of the deceased. Sacrificial rituals were performed on the third, seventh, twentieth, and fortieth days following the burial, as well as on the anniversary of the person's death. This study focuses on the nature of funeral ceremonies and the structure of burial sites during the periods of the Scythians, the Huns, and the Göktürks.

2025, Marcigny C. et Mordant C. (dir.), L’âge du Bronze en France (2500 à 800 avant notre ère). Synthèses thématiques, Paris, Inrap et CNRS, Recherches archéologiques 29

Gods, heroes & religion during European Bronze Age

2025, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

Archaeological research into the necropolises of southeastern Arabia has led to advances in the knowledge of the demography and mortality of Late Bronze Age populations. The Al-Qusais necropolis, with 126 burials currently exposed, has become a reference site for understanding the interaction between members of the same community. The manner in which inhumation was practiced suggests that there were neither marked inequalities nor significant distinctions between children and adults. The same recurrent traits can be observed, as well as identical anatomical positions of the deceased during burial. In the case of the children, all but one were with an adult. The number of children is small compared to the total excavated population. Considering factors such as high levels of degradation and the recent development of bioarchaeological studies, it is expected that in future excavations this proportion will increase and reach values similar to those observed in nearby necropolises.

2025, Annonce congrès SMF 2025

announcement by the Société de Mythologie Française , SMF) of our 2025 congress in Brasparts LES PASSAGES VERS L’AUTRE-MONDE : MYTHES, LEGENDES, RITES ET REPRESENTATIONS POPULAIRES Le thème du 47e congrès de la Société de Mythologie... more

2025

Die Sonne und der Tod können einander nicht ins Gesicht sehen.» Und gewiss zwingt der Tod auch den Anthropologen sowie den Soziologen dazu, den Kopf abzuwenden. Welche Forschung wurde über die Beziehungen zwischen dem Menschen und dieser «natürlichen Analyse», wie sie Hegel nennt, durchgeführt, die den lebendigen Organismus in seine einfachen Teile zersetzt, um ihn schließlich aufzutrennen und dem «Kosmos» zurück zu erstatten 2 ?... Dennoch zerstört der Tod die Gesellschaften, deren unerbittlicher Feind er ist: Epidemien, Krankheiten, Unterernährung, Überflutungen, Erdbeben-das hier sind die Ursachen der Zerstörung. Ganze Gemeinschaften haben sich angesichts dieser Aggression aufgelöst. Wir wissen nichts mehr über sie. Höchstens stellen wir Vermutungen über sie an. Unter anderen Umständen haben Gesellschaften und Zivilisationen sich dazu entschlossen, sich langsam, geduldig, selbst zu zerstören, wie diese Indianer aus den Anden, die nicht damit aufhören, die Eroberung durch einen langsamen Verfall zu «bestrafen».

2025

The French manuscript Mscr.Dresd.k.276.g reposited at Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden is a hitherto unexplored witness of the 18th century. It’s content, religious freedom, the question of an existence of a superhuman power and the recognition of this power in everyday life, experienced a new scientific significance after the foundation of academies such as the Royal Society, the Académie royale des sciences and the Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften. A philological-translatory analysis of the manuscript demonstrates on the one hand, how these theological, philosophical and political topics circulated between Britain, France and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, not least by means of translations. On the other hand, the medial exchange based on manuscripts and prints, makes it clear that communication on these topics also took place outside the academies. The former religious, secular, social or regional boundaries that were set for communication about knowledge and science, as well as for communicators, faded in the 18th century. The creation and reception of Mscr.Dresd.k.276.g bears witness to this.

2025, Studi sull'Oriente Cristiano

In this paper, the issue of late antique burials of infants in the Bruzio region (Calab-ria) is analysed. A number of written sources, such as Pliny, Juvenal and Fulgentius, will be analysed, giving us indications on the particular type of burial reserved for infants. Material evidence underline the particularity of tomb types, such as that ad enchytrismos.

2025

The thesis "Development of the Baptismal Rite and its Theological Emphases in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church" deals with an evolution of baptismal rite (including confirmation) in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. This thesis presents also main characteristic of the evolution of the fundamental elements of the baptismal rite within the Western liturgical tradition and includes the fundamental theological issues related to the baptism and confirmation in the CHC. The first aim of this thesis is the characteristic of the baptismal rite in the CHC and its evolution from the year 1920 until today. The second aim is the presentation of the basic theological topics related to the baptism and confirmation in the CHC. These aims are achieved through an analysis and comparison of individual baptismal rites, dogmatic documents and academic publications. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

2025, Entre rites et présages : l'équilibre fragile de la cité romaine

IX: Cicéron, dans "De Haruspicum responsis", défend l'importance des haruspices et de la divination dans la vie politique de Rome. Il souligne que les rites religieux sont essentiels pour maintenir l'ordre de la cité et préserver la grandeur de l'Empire. Selon lui, Rome ne doit pas sa puissance militaire, ses conquêtes ou son intelligence stratégique à elle seule, mais surtout à sa piété et à son respect des traditions. Il insiste sur le fait que les dieux jouent un rôle central dans la prospérité de l'État et qu’ignorer leurs présages pourrait provoquer des catastrophes. À travers ce discours, Cicéron utilise la religion comme un levier politique pour discréditer ses adversaires et conforter l'autorité du Sénat. Il transforme un présage en argument stratégique pour défendre la stabilité de Rome.

2025, Antrocom Journal of Anthropology

Adi tribe, last rite, rites of passage, funeral tradition, tribal custom This study examines Adi funerary rites, rituals, and customs through Gennep's model of passage, questioning whether these categories fully capture the complexity of these practices. Rather than viewing death as a singular transition, Adi rites and rituals function as an ongoing negotiation between the living, the deceased, and the spiritual world. The spirit must find its way to the afterlife, the mourners must navigate their loss, and the community must reconcile tradition with continuity. This preliminary study engages with Turner's concept of anti-structure, arguing that while mourning rites and rituals foster communitas, they do not fully dissolve hierarchy. Instead, the structure is momentarily blurred but never entirely abandoned. By situating Minyong practices within theoretical and indigenous perspectives, this study highlights the need to interpret these practices on their own terms. This study focuses on the Minyong subgroup of the Adi, recognizing that funerary practices may vary across villages. Centred on the Minyong communities of Riga, Parong, and Pangkang, the research integrates older data from previous scholars who have worked on the Minyong, aligning their findings with recent fieldwork. Citations from earlier publications are annexed to provide historical context and continuity.

2025

Paper presented at the ASIAC 2021 International Yearly Conference / Iranian and Armenian studies session, Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), 25-27/10/2021. The history of the collection of Ossetic ritual funeral laments began in... more

2025, Bulletin of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture

This essay stems from a chapter in the author’s dissertation and was previ- ously presented at the French Society for Japanese Studies at the University of Orleans on 10 December 2021. The aim of our research is to propose the potentiality of Tanabe Hajime’s philosophy of death in the contexts of contemporary thoughts on death from the 2011 disaster and grief care. The continuing bonds on grief care enable the love of the near-deceased one to be recognized by the survivor through the act of close support. In Tanabe’s existential community between the dead and the living, the recognized love paradoxically enables us to renew ties with the deceased.

2025, HOLY SPIT AND MAGIC SPELLS: RELIGION, MAGIC AND THE BODY IN LATE ANCIENT JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM

2025, РАННЕТЮРКСКИЕ ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ ПАМЯТНИКА САМСЫ: ПОГРЕБАЛЬНЫЙ ОБРЯД И ПАЛЕОАНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ (ШУ-ИЛЕЙСКОЕ МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЕ)

В 2018-2019 гг. на памятнике Самсы в Шу-Илейском междуречье раскопано пять курганов тюркского времени (VIII-X вв.). Всего изучено семь погребений: в четырех курганах обнаружены единичные катакомбные (№1, 3) и подбойные погребения с конем (№ 4, 17). В ещё одном кургане (№ 2) вскрыто два подбойных захоронения, совершённых по мусульманскому обычаю (VIII-X вв.) и одно позднее впускное. В первом захоронении (кург. 2) найдено довольно редкое бронзовое зеркало, ближайшие аналогии которому происходят с территории Тянь-Шаня и Согда. Результаты радиоуглеродного анализа, полученные находки и характер погребального обряда позволяют датировать курганы VIII-X вв. На основе краниологического анализа делается вывод о неоднородности населения, оставившего данный могильник. В серии присутствуют черепа, в облике которых фиксируются как европеоидные, так и монголоидные признаки. Особенности остеологической конституции позволяют отметить, что исследованные посткраниуумы, в целом, характеризуются «степным» морфологическим вариантом сложения. Различия в погребальных обрядах и физическом облике погребённых свидетельствуют об активных процессах смешивания монголоидного и европеоидного компонентов местных и пришлых этнических групп. Полученные данные дают информацию о разнотипном антропологическом составе людей, погребённых на памятнике Самсы, и их связях на основе погребального инвентаря с населением Тянь-Шаня, Согда и Тохаристана. Разнотипность антропологического состава тюрков связана с их смешиванием с представителями иных расовых типов на пути своего распространения, что подтверждается в работах других исследователей.

2025, Death Studies

Interviews were conducted with the next-of-kin of 78 Veterans who died in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals, to discuss their experiences transitioning from home care to hospital care. Next-of-kin expressed concerns over cleanliness and... more

2025, Новгород земли Низовской

В статье приводятся результаты изучения муромского могильника Нижняя Верея, расположенного в области Окского правобережья. Исследования проводились в 2022 г. совместной экспедицией Нижегородского музея-заповедника и Института археологии РАН. На площади в 100 кв. м было изучено 4 погребения, совершенных по обряду ингумации и кремации на стороне. Сопровождающий погребальный инвентарь позволяет датировать погребения второй половиной VIII — началом X в.

2025, "Systematisch-religionswissenschaftliche Orientierung zum Thema Tod und Jenseits", in: Glaube und Lernen 25 (2010), S. 33-45

The article provides a short systematic introduction to religious construc-
tions around death and afterlife from a comparative religion perspective. Although the approach is therefore primarily systematic-analytic, focusing on typical ideological aspects and ritual actions around death, short examples serve as an illustration for the variety of conceptions and behavioral aspects in different religious traditions. – It can be demonstrated that the issue of death is routed in the overall cosmologies and cosmogonies, with their differing realms for afterlife and death gods (etc.). But in the ritual behavior (passage rites around death) one can perceive congruencies as well as differing options between a religious ideological framework and the ideas underneath the actual ritual behavior (often because of historical depth-dimensions). Furthermore, the anthropological framework can imply monolithic or multiple ‘soul’ parts, which undergo distinct modifications and afterlife events. Ritually, religious traditions construct death as a time of passage on three levels: for the person and his/her body (funeral rituals) and soul or soul parts (rites for the dead/ancestors), as well as for the direct relatives and the community at large (rituals of mourning and reintegration). In sum, religious traditions provide their followers with a variety of conceptual and ritual strategies in order to be able to cope with death, to confront/imagine death and, thus, to reframe death (and life) during the lifetime from a spiritual outlook; the specific idea of afterlife(s) here is often linked also with a new ethical outlook on life itself and how it should be lead in the face of death.

2025

No dia 24 de agosto de 1954, um busto de bronze retratando o ex-presidente Getúlio Vargas foi anonimamente colocado na Cinelândia, no centro do Rio de Janeiro. A partir deste acontecimento, o artigo apresenta as ressignificações da memória de Vargas e de seu legado político, elaboradas a partir desse monumento, especialmente em datas associadas ao ex-presidente como seus aniversários de nascimento e morte, Finados, 10 de maio, dentre outras. Considerando-se os discursos elaborados sobre o patrimônio como construções sociais que legitimam identidades e relações de poder, será mostrado como o busto de Getúlio Vargas na Cinelândia se tornou um lugar de memória para a encenação simbólica das disputas políticas que marcaram a sociedade brasileira a partir dos anos 1950.

2025, Pułtusk. Studia i materiały z dziejów miasta i regionu, tom XI

2025

Estudio sobre el fenómeno de la reutilización de sarcófagos romanos en la Edad Media y comienzos de la Edad Moderna, para lo que se ha establecido una clasificación de las piezas en función del tipo de reaprovechamiento que tuvieron. Es necesario analizar las características arqueológicas de los hallazgos de las piezas reaprovechadas que así lo permitan, para poder tener un mayor conocimiento del fenómeno en toda su extensión.

2025

This report presents the results of recent excavation and a field-walking survey at Redfolds Farm and Beedings Castle, near Nutbourne, Pulborough. It also publishes for the first time material from this site retained by the late Con Ainsworth. Late Iron Age and early Roman finds of pottery, including imported Dressel 1 amphorae and ‘Pulborough’ samian, coins and ceramic building material, are reported and discussed. Through the fieldwork and archive reassessment undertaken as part of the Beedings survey, Beedings Hill can now be confirmed as a site with significant high-status Late Iron Age and RomanoBritish activity. Strong evidence has been identified for trading contacts with the continent in the form of wine amphorae, other ceramics and Late Iron Age coinage. Insights are gained into Iron Age decorated pottery groups and the local production of samian in the 2nd century AD. The significance of this evidence in understanding the distribution of political power in Late Iron Age We...

2025, Exercices de rhétorique

Notre contribution entend se pencher sur la rhétorique guerrière maniée par Cormenin lorsqu’il aborde la possibilité pour le pamphlétaire et l’orateur de l’opposition de conjuguer leurs efforts pour formuler un discours dénonçant les dysfonctionnements du régime parlementaire et plaidant la cause de la justice sociale. Ce dialogue résolument polémique qui se noue entre l’écritoire et la tribune, le pamphlet et le discours parlementaire, ne va certes pas sans difficultés – ainsi des aspects inhérents à la genèse et à la nature du geste pamphlétaire, individuel par essence. Si l’alchimie opère, toutefois, la possibilité d’agir sur l’opinion et potentiellement sur le cours des discussions parlementaires est réelle. Aussi incombe-t-il au pamphlétaire comme à l’orateur de bien fourbir leurs armes – rhétoriques, dialectiques – pour tenter de remporter la joute verbale qui les oppose aux tenants de la majorité orléaniste.

2025, Revue des Études Anciennes

Abstract.—17 March 44 BCE results from the reports by the ancient historiographers as the date of Julius Caesar's funus. However, modern scholars have claimed that they were all at fault, but an alternative has not been agreed on. Dates between 18 and 23 March are given in the scientific literature—mostly 20 March, the date based on the chronology supplied by Drumann and Groebe. The analysis of the historical sources and of the events following Caesar's murder until his funeral proves that the ancient writers were not mistaken, and ...

2025

Archaeological investigations at Weedon Hill, Aylesbury uncovered some later Bronze Age/Early Iron Age activity but the main phase of occupation was a Romano-British settlement of 2nd-4th century date. This included a complex structure, interpreted as a malt house, and a field system. Extensive environmental remains were recovered indicative of malting. Limited artefactual material was recovered, perhaps reflecting the status of the site although these excavations may not have uncovered the main focus of the settlement. Finds from the metal detector survey indicate that mid-17th century military activity occurred in the vicinity, which seems to support the location of the known Civil War action although its precise form cannot be verified. 1 10 3. in 481000 480900 0 100m 215700 Coombe containing palaeochannel Later prehistoric Romano-British Undated Ridge and furrow

2025, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

2025, The Arrow

Summer 1995, Kumasi, Ghana: I had a dream that I was entangled with a large crocodile. Each movement I made hurt the crocodile terribly. It was howling and whining and making all sorts of sounds crocodiles don't usually make-letting me know the agony of its situation. One solution would have been to chomp me. Eat me. Kill me. That likely would have put an end to its torment. But to do so, the crocodile would have had to contort its body causing excruciating pain. Whatever the case, it didn't choose this option and I felt bad about hurting it with each innocent shift of my body. Together, we managed to negotiate being perfectly still-yes, in my dream the crocodile and I could communicate. We then coordinated our movements in order to slowly and carefully disentangle. At times, the crocodile was above me and, at times, I was above it. But we were delicate and intentional, and, in untangling ourselves, its pain was kept to a minimum. Eventually we detached and there was a brief moment when I thought now being free, it might decide to eat me anyway. But it didn't. We were good. The dream was over. HE MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS warned me that the malaria pills might give me strange dreams. My family in Ghana said it was my ancestors welcoming me home. Some curious confluence of life circumstances blessed me to spend the summer of 1995 with Peggy Appiah, a dear family friend and mother of my namesake, in the Mbrom neighborhood of Kumasi-capital of Ashanti. While my friends back in New England were making mid-summer memories to TLC's "Waterfalls," I was retracing family histories, in their many forms, only steps away from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, where I

2025, Imafronte

Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).

2025, In Umbra. Демонология как семиотическая система. 12

2025

Das Münster 28 (1975) 309-319.

2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Monumental architecture is a prime indicator of social complexity, because it requires many people to build a conspicuous structure commemorating shared beliefs. Examining monumentality in different environmental and economic settings can reveal diverse reasons for people to form larger social units and express unity through architectural display. In multiple areas of Africa, monumentality developed as mobile herders created large cemeteries and practiced other forms of commemoration. The motives for such behavior in sparsely populated, unpredictable landscapes may differ from well-studied cases of monumentality in predictable environments with sedentary populations. Here we report excavations and ground-penetrating radar surveys at the earliest and most massive monumental site in eastern Africa. Lothagam North Pillar Site was a communal cemetery near Lake Turkana (northwest Kenya) constructed 5,000 years ago by eastern Africa's earliest pastoralists. Inside a platform ringed by...

2025, La nécropole libyco-punique de Cap Zebib

Toutes les opinions émises dans cet ouvrage n'engagent que l'auteur. Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d'adaptation réservés pour tous pays.

2025

Dammi mille baci, poi altri cento, poi altri mille, poi ancora cento, poi senza fermarti altri mille, poi cento. In ne, quando ne avremo dato a migliaia, mescoleremo il conto, per non sapere, o perché nessun malvagio possa invidiarci, scoprendo l'esistenza di così tanti baci" Catullo, Dammi mille baci, carme 5. Si sa -come hanno insegnato gli antropologici[1] -che i baci possono essere di tanti tipi: di gioia, di passione, di piacere sessuale, di tenerezza, di amore, di attaccamento, di conforto, di cortesia, di necessità, di rincrescimento, di supplica, e altro ancora. Il bacio appartiene al linguaggio non verbale e serve appunto a comunicare alcuni dei sentimenti più profondi dell'uomo; è il gesto in cui le labbra di qualcuno si posano su qualcun altro o qualcos'altro. Il bacio d'amore è senza dubbio il più intenso, il più pregnante di conseguenze. D'altra parte, l'homo sapiens dispone di labbra estro esse, in primis, per il nutrimento; il primo gesto del neonato, infatti, è quello di suggere il latte materno grazie proprio alla conformazione delle labbra. La vita di un essere umano inizia -si può dire -con un bacio "nutritivo". Italo Calvino, in Il barone rampante, riferendosi ai due principali protagonisti del suo romanzo, Cosimo e Viola, così descrive con grande precisione l'effetto del "bacio amoroso": "Lui conobbe lei e se stesso, perché in verità non s'era mai saputo. E lei conobbe lui e se stessa, perché pur essendosi saputa sempre, mai s'era potuta riconoscere così".[2] Pur conoscendosi n da bambini Cosimo e Viola, per diverso tempo, si sono persi di vista. Quando nalmente si ritrovano dopo anni di peripezie, avventure e varie esperienze di vita, riprendono a parlarsi ed è lì che il bacio dell'amore produce il "miracolo": diventano tutt'uno, uniti l'uno nell'altro, e attraverso questa compenetrazione riconoscono se stessi nella propria totalità. Il bacio, insomma, è lo strumento più potente e più affascinante di libertà esistenziale: la più alta sintesi di quell'unione da cui scaturisce il vero amore, garante della vita che continua. Lungo il corso della storia il bacio è stato oggetto di molte raf gurazioni pittoriche e scultoree. In questo saggio l'attenzione si soffermerà essenzialmente su uno scultore, Constantin Brâncuşi, che al tema del bacio ha dedicato gran parte della sua esperienza umana e artistica, 06/05/25, 22:06 "Il bacio è stato per me il cammino di Damasco" -Insula europea

2025, Frühneuzeit-Info 35

The study explores the portrayal of Habsburg monarchs as Bohemian rulers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Royal portraits symbolized state power and legitimacy, appearing in public spaces, noble estates, monasteries, and urban homes. Often based on official templates, they reflected loyalty and dynastic identity while adapting to local contexts. Their removal during nationalist movements underscores their political and cultural importance.

2025, Wantsum-kanalen og Øen Thanet

Denne bog omhandler Wantsum-kanalen og Wantsum-marskens historie fra de aeldste tider til i dag og øen Thanets historie indtil øen igen blev en del af det kentiske fastland. Isle of Thanet (Øen Thanet) udgør det nordøstlige hjørne af landsdelen Kent i det sydøstlige England. Administrativt er området i dag District Thanet, der er en del af Kent County. Ved den sidste istids afslutning var Thanet en højtliggende del af et fastland, der strakte sig fra det vestlige Irland over det Irske Hav og England til Nordvesteuropa. England var således forbundet med den sydlige del af det nuvaerende Danmark, Nordtyskland, Holland, Belgien og Nordfrankrig. Den del af fastlandet, der daekkede den sydlige del af det senere Nordsøen, er siden blevet kaldt Doggerland. Dette land var blevet blotlagt på grund af den kolossale maengde af havvand, der var bundet i det kilometertykke isdaekke over det nordlige Europa, Nordamerika og (en del af) det nordlige Sibirien. Faktisk var havniveauet omkring 130 m lavere end i dag. Doggerland er også blevet kaldt "landbroen" (til kontinentet), men det var mere end det. Det var et levested for mennesker, der jagede vildt, fangede fisk, fødte børn og blev begravet der. Efter istiden og i varmere perioder under istiden, skete der en folkevandring til og fra det vi nu kalder England. For omkring 8.000 år siden var de sidste dele af Doggerland igen sunket i havet i takt med stigende vandstand, forårsaget af isens afsmeltning. Fastlandet mellem England og Frankrig forsvandt også. Hermed blev forbindelsen til kontinentet afbrudt. Samtidig traengte havvandet ind over en lavtliggende flodslette i Kent og skabte et straede. Herved opstod en ø, der siden fik navnet Thanet. Denne ø bestod i ca. 7.500 år. Ved slutningen af 1400-talllet var straedet blevet helt opmudret og dele af området indvundet til landbrugsjord. Thanet var på ny en del af Kent. Anvendte betegnelser for Wantsum Channel : Straedet mellem Thanet og resten af Kent fik navnet " Wantsum Channel". Men det er jo tydeligvis ikke en menneskeskabt kanal; det er et straede eller et sund. På samme måde som The English Channel er en havarm og Bristol Channel er en fjord. Ikke desto mindre vil jeg for at følge den lokale tradition i det følgende kalde dette straede for hhv. Wantsum, Wantsum-kanalen, Wantsum Channel eller "kanalen". Kapitel 1. Isen Den sidste istid kaldes i England The Devensian Glaciation, mens den andre steder i Europa, således i Skandinavien kaldes Weichsel-istiden. I Weichsel gik graensen for isens fremtraengen øst for en linie fra The Wash til Middlesbrough on Tees (på østkysten) og videre nordvest for en linie fra Middlesbrough til Bristol Channel. Dvs. at Skotland, Nordengland, Vestengland, en smule af Østengland samt Irland var daekket, mens det mest e af Østengland og Sydengland var isfrit med undtagelse af enkelte områder i Devon og Somerset. Altså var hele Kent isfrit. Hvad angår isens daekningsgrad i Nordsøen er der meget delte meninger, men der synes dog at vaere enighed om, at hovedparten af Doggerland var isfrit. Det skulle så betyde, at man også under istiden kunne faerdes til fods fra det eurasiske kontinent via "landbroen" til England. Kapitel 2. Fastlandet Under den sidste istid blev en kolossal maengde vand bundet i isen. Vandstanden i havet sank og var ved istidens maksimum omkring 130 meter lavere end nu. Som følge heraf blev store områder af land synlige over havet. Denne fastlandstid, som den er blevet kald t, varede ved i flere tusinde år efter at vi var gået ind i den nuvaerende mellemistid. I fastlandstiden var Thanet og de britiske øer i det hele taget således en del af kontinentet, og det er de for så vidt stadigvaek, dog for tiden med visse partier under havets overflade. Kontinentalskraenten-der markerer overgangen fra kontinentalsoklen til havbunden-befinder sig i Atlanterhavet op til 200 km eller mere fra den irske vestkyst. Landbroen mellem kontinentet og England-med Doggerland og Dogger Banke.-Francis Lima,Doggerland3er en,CC BY-SA 4.0 Kalkklinterne ved Dover og på Thanet ligner formationerne ved Calais og Boulogne i Frankrig. Der må i sin tid have vaeret kystforbindelser fra Margate og fra sydkysten af Kent til Calais-Boulogne-området. Der har altså vaeret en adgangsvej til England bl.a. via Thanet. Der er kalkformationer både på hele nordkysten og østkysten af Thanet. Edward Brayley skrev I 1806 om fastlandsforbindelsen mellem Kent og Frankrig (med henvisning til Edward Hasted's store bog om Kent, hvoraf 1.bind udkom i 1797): "The arguments advanced in support of the idea of Great Britain having anciently formed part of the Continent, are principally derived from the great resemblance which the cliffs of Dover have to those of Boulogne and Calais, on the opposite coast of France. On both shores, these cliffs consist of chalk, with flints intermixed: their faces are rugged and precipitous, appearing as if they had been rent asunder by violence; and their length on both coasts is similar, it bemg about six miles. In the strait immediately between them, the sea is also much shallower than on either side; and to this may be added, that a narrow ridge of sand, with a stony bottom, called the Rip-rapps, extends between Folkstone and Boulogne, its distance from the former being about ten miles, and its length the same: this ridge, at low spring tides, is covered with only fourteen feet water; and another ridge, called the Vane, about six miles off Dover, has scarcely more water on it at the same times, though immediately on each side of both ridges, which are but narrow, the depth increases to twenty-five fathoms." (Edward Wedlake Brayley: The beauties of England and Wales-Kent. 1806) Mudderbanker og kalkklinter i Pegwell Bay. På klinten ses bydelen Pegwell i Ramsgate.-Mudflats and chalk cliffs, Pegwell Bay by Colin Park,Mudflats and chalk cliffs, Pegwell Bay-geograph.org.uk-2153537 ,CC BY-SA 2.0 I den del af den aeldste stenalder der fulgte på den sidste istid var landskabet i Kent en tundra, men senere og isaer i mellemstenalderen bredte skovene sig. Efterhånden som vegetationen blev mere frugtbar trak dyrene over landbroen til Kent og resten af England, og efter dyrene kom menneskene. Kapitel 3. Havet Omkring 6000 år fvt (dvs i m ellemstenalderen) var vandet i havene steget så meget at det lavtliggende baelte mellem Thanet og resten af Kent blev oversvømmet og der dannedes en forbindelse mellem Nordsøen og havet øst for Kent, et baelte, der senere fik navnet Wantsum Channel. Lidt senere brød havet også igennem mellem Kent og det nuvaerende Frankrig, hvorved Strait of Dover og The English Channel blev skabt. Med andre ord: Thanet var-ligesom hele England-blevet en ø. I samme periode-5.500 år fvt.-blev floddalen Solent mellem Hampshire i Sydengland og Isle of Wight oversvømmet. Vi må forestille os, at Kent's nordlige kystlinie i den periode hvor havet brød igennem lå flere kilometer laengere ude i Nordsøen, end tilfaeldet er i dag. Der var dog en fjord der strakte sig ned til det sted hvor Reculver senere kom til at ligge. Mod øst fra St Nicholas-at-Wade til Margate var kystlinien beliggende meget laengere ude. Enorme landarealer er gået tabt til havet i tidens løb. Også mellem Reculver og Herne Bay og endnu laengere mod vest er meget store kyststraekninger forsvundet. "…. on the south coast, the erosion rate will have varied between 28m and 108m per 100 years (Valentin 1971). Between Selsey Bill and the mouth of the Cuckmere in East Sussex, the coastline in AD 400 may have been over 1700m further out (Goudie and Brunsden 1994, 48, fig 33). The coast of the Isle of Thanet and north Kent has lost land to a similar extent with estimates of up toc3200-4800m for the same period (Brookes 2007a, 44). Between Folkestone and Dungeness in southeast Kent, however, the loss seems to have been far less, estimated at c3-400m (Hole 1957; Young 2004)." (A Maritime Archaeological Research Agenda for England. The Early Medieval. (The Early Medieval-A Maritime Archaeological Research Agenda for England (researchframeworks.org)) Øverst på formularen Kapitel 4. Kanalen og Øen 4a: Kanalen Ved foldningerne af grundfjeldet for mange millioner siden blev Thanet formet som en opadbøjet bue, en anticline, der var højest mod vest. Vest for Thanet formedes en nedadbøjet bue, en syncline. Det var i denne forsaenkning at havet brød igennem. Da havet for omkring 8000 år siden dannede Wantsum-kanalen, så blev d enne stadig bredere og med dybe fjorde ind i fastlandet. Den modsatte udvikling, tilsandingen og opmudringen må vaere begyndt tidligt , men først få hundrede år efter vores tidsregnings begyndelse blev den omtalt i kilderne som maerkbar. Kanalens bredde angives hos kirkehistorikeren Bede som 3 furlongs dvs. ca. 600 m. (altså oplysninger fra begyndelsen af 700-tallet). Men det er højst usandsynligt at Bede selv har vaeret på stedet, og hans oplysninger er meget usikre. Bede skrev, at Wantsum kun kan passeres to steder. "On the east of Kent is the large Isle of Thanet, containing, according to the English way of reckoning, 600 families, divided from the mainland by the river Wantsum, which is about three furlongs in breadth, and which can be crossed only in two places; for at both ends it runs into the sea." (" …..Tanatos insula ……. quam a continenti terra secernit fluvius Vantsumu".) (Bede: Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. 731) Dertil kommer at afstanden mellem straedets bredder har skiftet meget i tidens løb og at bredden har vaeret vidt forskellig på forskellige straekninger. Bredden af kanalen ved Minster er på et tidspunkt blevet vurderet til 3 km. Bredden af den nordlige og den østlige udmunding har ca. vaeret hhv. 4000 m. og 3000 m., mellem Sarre og Wall End har der vaeret 1800 m. og mellem Sarre og Stourmouth Island 1500 m. Disse beregninger er foretaget på grundlag af udstraekningen af laget af alluvium, det materiale af sand, mudder og grus, der er medført af floderne og deponeret i Wantsum-kanalen (Dave Perki...

2025, The American Journal of Cardiology

Poor patients in developing countries may not receive permanent pacemakers (PPMs) even as lifesaving measures because of their high cost. In this report we examined whether PPMs that were explanted and donated by funeral homes in the United States could be safely and effectively reused in indigent patients in India. With permission from the deceased patients' families, 121 PPMs were explanted and donated by funeral homes for reuse. These PPMs were sterilized and sent for implantation in needy and indigent patients at a charity hospital in Mumbai, India. From the pool of donated 121 PPMs, 53 (88%, 11 singlechamber PPMs, 21%, and 42 dual-chamber PPMs, 79%) were acceptable for reuse and implanted (37 new implants, 70%, and 16 for battery/generator replacement, 30%) in 53 patients (mean ؎ SD 64 ؎ 10 years old, 28 women, 53%). Indications for PPM implantation were complete heart block (n ‫؍‬ 27, 51%) and sick sinus syndrome (n ‫؍‬ 26, 49%). All patients were alive and well postoperatively. No significant complications including infections or device failures occurred over 19 to 1,827 days (mean 661) of follow-up. Of 40 patients (75%) who were followed locally, 4 (10%) died because of nonpacemaker-related causes; time to death was 121 to 750 days (mean 430) after PPM implantation. All except 2 patients (5%) reported marked improvement in their symptoms. There were only 4 patients (8%) who were previously employed, and all were able to resume their manual labor work. Also, of the women, 27 patients (96%) reported improvement in symptoms enabling them to resume regular household chores as housewives after PPM implantation. In conclusion, with proper device sterilization and handling protocols, reuse of explanted PPMs in poor patients in developing countries is safe and effective. Implantation of donated PPMs can not only save lives but also improve quality of life of needy poor patients.

2025, Pelargòs 3, pp. 109-122

The study concerns the iconographic analysis of the scene painted on an Etruscan-Corinthian amphora from Caere, dated to the first half of the 6th century BC, attributed to the “Group of the Scale-Amphorae”. The scene presents a local version of the ambush of Polyxena and Troilus in which the main character of Achilles is replaced by a bearded male figure: the purpose of this work is to focus on the significant program of this variation, which can be explained through the comparison with the contemporary Greek and Etruscan representations of the mythical theme.

2025, (review) Elżbieta Kowalczyk-Heyman. Średniowieczne rękojeści antropomorficzne (próba klasyfikacji i interpretacji) [Medieval anthropomorphic handles (an attempt at classification and interpretation)]. Warszawa 2021: Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wydział Archeol...

2025, En venir à la liturgie

Récit de trois expériences fondatrices pour entrer dans le mystère de la liturgie

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Françoise Collin affirme dans son analyse de Rue Ordener, rue Labat 1 que « les métaphores de la nourriture » étaient « chères » à Sarah Kofman 2 . En employant elle-même une de ces métaphores par rapport à l'opposition chez Kofman entre écriture philosophique et écriture littéraire -une obsession qui lui était propre, Collin ayant pratiqué l'écriture littéraire à ses débuts pour la délaisser ensuite en faveur de l'essai et y retourner dans les dernières années de sa vie -, la philosophe belge soutient que Sarah Kofman essayait de trouver une « "diététique" située entre boulimie et anorexie » et conclut que cette diététique était « imposssible 3 ». Il pourrait lui être objecté d'emblée que l'image n'est pas très bien choisie du point de vue médical, puisqu'il est certain que boulimie et anorexie sont souvent combinées. Cette (fausse donc) incompatibilité entre deux façons de s'alimenter (ou pas) me semble représentative d'une lecture persistante de Rue Ordener, rue Labat, même par ses lecteurs et lectrices les plus fins, comme Françoise Collin ou Jacques Derrida, qui affirme dans son hommage à Kofman paru dans le numéro spécial des Cahiers du GRIF, faisant référence à un autre texte de l'auteure, « Sacrée nourriture 4 » : « La petite Sarah se trouve prise, et pour la vie, entre les excès d'un "il faut manger" de la mère et le "il ne faut pas tout manger" du père 5 ». Le récit de Kofman semble en effet appeler à une lecture que j'appellerai antinomique ; comme il a été souvent remarqué par la critique, son titre même, Rue Ordener, rue Labat, fait allusion à l'opposition entre deux espaces mais surtout entre deux figures maternelles : « maman » et « mémé », la mère biologique et la mère adoptive qui a caché la petite juive pendant l'Occupation. Mais la citation de Derrida se réfère à l'opposition entre le père et la mère, ou plutôt entre deux régimes -terme bien plus approprié que celui de « diète » employé par Collin car il renvoie à « l'action de régir, de diriger », au « mode d'organisation d'une société », d'une « économie » ainsi qu'à l'« ensemble de principes, de pratiques adoptés par un groupe, une personne 6 » -, l'un prôné par le père et l'autre par la

2025, Suryani Pulungan,S.Pd

Penelitian bertumpu pada fakta empiris sebagai bahan analisis untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan yang akurat terhadap fenomena yang diteliti. Beragam hasil penelitian sebenarnya tidak lain merupakan kumpulan fakta empiris yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk verbal dalam laporan penelitian. Seperti yang telah dibahas dalam bagian perumusan tujuan, penelitian jenis ini sering tidak memberikan jawaban yang tuntas tetapi memberikan inspirasi bagi peneliti lain untuk melanjutkan penelitian tersebut dengan mengembangkan kerangka teori penelitian baru berbekal teori yang terdahulu. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan hipotesis? Secara singkat, hipotesis dapat diartikan sebagai rumusan jawaban sementara atau dugaan sehingga untuk membuktikan benar tidaknya dugaan yang muncul perlu diuji terlebih dahulu. Perlu digaris bawahi, bahwa pengertian dugaan di sini tidak berarti sembarang dugaan tanpa dasar. Perumusan hipotesis harus mengindahkan kaidah ilmiah yang sistematis dan rasional. Hal ini berarti, hipotesis atau dugaan yang di ajukan adalah dugaan yang berdasar pada fakta atau teori. Selain itu, Suatu hipotesis, dalam konteks pembahasan ini, pada dasarnya bersifat abstrak dan berkaitan dengan teori dan konsep-konsep. Pengamatan, di lain pihak adalah sarana yang berbasis fakta untuk menguji hipotesis. Ketika menyusun hipotesis, peneliti tidak membuktikan kebenaran hipotesisnya. Pada saat itu, yang peneliti perlu lakukan adalah mengumpulkan data yang mendukung atau menentang hipotesis tersebut. Suatu hipotesis harus mempunyai landasan yang ilmiah atau rasional dan hipotesis juga harus dapat mengindikasikan adanya kesinambungan dari penelitian yang sebelumnya ke penelitian selanjutnya yang akan dilakukan oleh si peneliti. Walaupun hipotesis yang disusun berupa pengukuhan atau penolakan terhadap teori yang ada, hipotesis tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan terhadap teori dan praktik pendidikan. Dengan demikian, salah satu ciri hipotesis yang baik adalah konsisten dengan teori yang merupakan hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
Kata kunci: Hipotesis penelitian, Perumusan Hipotesis, Karakteristik Hipotesis, Jenis Hipotesis, Konsekuensi Pemilihan Hipotesis