Gender Norms Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

This paper explores the representation of female agency in four seminal films by Hayao Miyazaki: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Kiki’s Delivery Service, Princess Mononoke, and Spirited Away. Through a feminist and cultural lens, the analysis examines how these protagonists challenge traditional Japanese gender norms and embody diverse models of strength, independence, and self-determination. Situating each film within its historical and cultural context—including Shinto beliefs, Confucian values, and postwar societal shifts—the paper argues that Miyazaki’s heroines redefine femininity by occupying roles of warriors, workers, and leaders. The study highlights how Miyazaki’s nuanced portrayals resist the male gaze and offer alternative visions of female empowerment in animation.

2025, E. Nazila Fitriani

In contemporary society, patriarchy no longer manifests through overt restrictions, but rather through subtle romanticized expectations that appear loving and moral on the surface. This paper explores how modern patriarchy operates under the guise of devotion, loyalty, and femininity, shaping gender norms through media, cultural narratives, and moral codes. By examining concepts like the "ideal woman," glorified suffering, and moral policing, the study uncovers how systemic control over women persists without visible force. Using feminist discourse analysis and critical media review, the research reveals how affectionate language and cultural ideals sustain unequal gender dynamics. The findings emphasize the need to question societal narratives that romanticize control, urging a redefinition of love, loyalty, and empowerment in the modern age.

2025, International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being

Girls face gendered violence on an everyday basis, and this may have severe health consequences. Purpose: The aim of this study was to learn about gendered violence facing girls in rural Sweden in their everyday life, as it is experienced by the girls themselves. Method: Using the photovoice method, we worked with 35 girls in an upper secondary school, aged between 16 and 20, to explore how they navigated social spaces and developed strategies for increased safety. Results: Thematic analysis revealed two main themes (constant fear and strategies) and four sub themes (fear of being raped, fear of being labelled and excluded, being "appropriately" sexually active, and appearance and performance for increased feelings of safety). We considered how gendered violence facing girls led to fear and marginalization in a range of situations and interactions. Consequently, girls occupied significantly smaller social spaces compared to boys, and we argue that this was reproduced and upheld through everyday practices informed by hegemonic masculinity and performativity.

2025

The present study delves into the understanding of cultural attributes that predominate in shaping and determining an individual's behaviour, lifestyle and identity through reading the novel Brick Lane by Monica. Comprehending one's cultural heritage, background, and identity necessitates acknowledging the cultural factors that mould individual viewpoints and conduct. This study examines how the writer incorporates cultural knowledge into her novel to create characters, themes, and settings that reflect the diversity of human experience. Further, the research explores the text's capacity for cultural consciousness to alter, illuminating how it subverts preconceptions, dismantles obstacles, and fosters inclusion. The study also attempts to pinpoint recurrent themes and innovative techniques used by the author to imbue her narrative with a deeper cultural awareness. The novel Brick Lane, written by Monica Ali, delves deeply into the concept of diaspora and its challenge and the narrative techniques reveal various aspects of the cultural divide. It is crucial to recognize the influence of cultural consciousness in literary text as it develops in tandem with a global society that is becoming more linked. The study contributes to the present discourse about the affiliation between literature and cultural consciousness by highlighting the role that narratives play in cultivating comprehensive and enlightened perspectives.

2025, Desi transgender activism in the USA

The Desi transgender community in the USA faces numerous problems-routinely stigmatized and isolated in their community and society. The dominant discourse about the transgender community flows from the perspective of their social ostracization, economic marginalization, short life span, mental health, sexual harassment, and other vulnerabilities. Often the transgender community is understood as homogenous, close-knit who have come together because of being driven away from family and society, succumbing to stigmatized livelihood options such as sex work and homelessness. Many trans people of color face the dual discrimination of their race and gender. A war is raging against trans people, doctors, and social workers, who are helping them in their transition. In this sense, transgender persons are often seen as victims who are socially excluded by mainstream society. Their families not accepting them is the most painful experience for them. Recently, many activists have come forward to take up their cause. Several activists and family support groups and their allies are emerging in the role of mentors, extended family, and community, and their efforts are highly illuminating.

2025, University Institute of Laws Bulletin

This paper explores the intersection of culture, gender, and trust in the utilization of medical imaging technologies within psychiatric care, particularly in traditional societies. While innovations such as MRI and CT scans have revolutionized mental health diagnostics, their application remains entangled with cultural norms and gender biases. Drawing from cross-cultural contexts, the authors highlight how entrenched social roles, privacy concerns, and legal anxieties contribute to delayed diagnoses and underutilization of imaging technologies. Special attention is given to how trust—or the lack thereof—influences both patient behavior and clinical decision-making. The paper argues for culturally sensitive legal frameworks and medical practices to ensure equitable psychiatric care and imaging access across gendered and cultural boundaries.

2025, Qualitative Psychology

Discourses about young women's sexual desire have gone from anathema or missing to contradictory, commodified, and medicalized yet still deeply entrenched in risk and excess in the gendered relational contexts of the renovated sexual double standard and compulsory heterosexuality. In my study of how women (ages 18-29) experience and make meaning of their desire, I conducted clinical narrative interviews and utilized the Listening Guide, a critical feminist psychodynamic method of analysis. I have identified and traced voices of wanting and surveillance to explore the psychological logic young women use to navigate their embodied experiences of sexual desire. My analysis has illuminated the ways that desire is steeped in both shame and necessity and the centrality of relationship as a condition for their desire. I present portraits of two young women, Taylor and Elena, whose stories highlight how I hear participants shutting out desire and doing desire through desirability. Their stories demonstrate how these strategies serve to suppress possibilities for embodied desire, pleasure, and connection; they also highlight the power of embodied sexual desire and the social and relational contexts that enable desire to surface.

2025, 《中外文學》 53卷2期 (2024 / 06) Pp. 99-138

Focusing on the "sexual identity politics" and "affective alliance" of the traditional theater of yeosung gukgeuk and kua-á-hì, this paper speaks to recent work in queer theory and historiography on the potential for rethinking female same-sex intimacy. Though emerged and declined in different ways and times, yeosung gukgeuk and kua-á-hì are both mixtures of western/traditional genres with cross dressing roles that became popular in the transitional periods of political, economic, and cultural developments. These interwoven senses of "transitional nature" render them vulnerable from erasure in 1960-1990s mainstream history. Against this backdrop, this paper revisits their historical archives and ephemera of the cultural phenomenon to understand the issues of sexuality and affect in their respective forms of performance and historical periods. Through revisiting/retrieving the affective subjects and alliances, I propose an affective turn for rethinking queer intimacy against the hegemony of "compulsory lesbianism," highlighting the insufficiency of existing national and LGBTQ narratives, and elucidating the problem of their multiple epistemologies.

2025, Journal of Adolescent Health

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa experience a disproportionately high burden of HIV acquisition. National HIV prevalence among AGYW increases nearly three-fold during the transition from late teenage years to their early twenties. We investigated whether beliefs about gender equity influence subsequent HIV acquisition among AGYW in South Africa. Methods: We used data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068, a longitudinal conditional cash transfer study of AGYW in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Gender-equitable beliefs were measured at the level of the individual and summarized among school peers and adults in the community using the Gender Equitable Men's Scale (GEMS). Generalized estimating equation regression was used to assess the association between individual, peer and community GEMS and HIV incidence, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) incidence, and other HIV risk factors while accounting for repeated observations and clustering. Results: A total of 2,533 AGYW were followed up for up to 5 years. Adjusting for potential confounders, a unit increase in peer GEMS scores (i.e. more equitable) were significantly protective against subsequent HIV acquisition (risk difference ¼ À.019; 95% confidence interval: À.032, À.006) and subsequent HSV-2 acquisition (risk difference ¼ À.020; 95% confidence interval: À.040, À.000). Low individual and community GEMS scores were associated with multiple HIV risk factors but not with HIV or HSV-2 incidence directly.

2025, Journal of Adolescent Health

2025, Journal of the International AIDS Society

IntroductionCommunity mobilization (CM) is increasingly recognized as critical to generating changes in social norms and behaviours needed to achieve reductions in HIV. We conducted a CM intervention to modify negative gender norms, particularly among men, in order to reduce associated HIV risk.MethodsTwenty two villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio‐Demographic Surveillance Site in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa were randomized to either a theory‐based, gender transformative, CM intervention or no intervention. Two cross‐sectional, population‐based surveys were conducted in 2012 (pre‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 581 men) and 2014 (post‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 575 men) among adults ages 18 to 35 years. We used an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) approach using survey regression cluster‐adjusted standard errors to determine the intervention effect by trial arm on gender norms, measured using the Gender Equitable Mens Scale (GEMS), and secondary behavioural outcomes.ResultsAmong...

2025, Echoes of Change: Advancing Gender Equality in Higher Education in the Balkans

This research analyzes highly evident barriers that are often invisible and systemically deeply rooted within the academic community, which remains largely traditional in the Balkans.

2025, 台灣人權學刊

本文透過回顧菲律賓記者派翠西亞・伊凡吉莉絲塔於 2023 年出版的回憶錄《有些人需要殺戮》（2023）一書，檢視菲律賓在前總統杜特蒂政權反毒戰爭影響下的政治效應，以及因為暴力所形塑而來的社會關係與條件如何回應當前菲律賓社會對於記憶、歷史及其詮釋權的討論。同時，本文透過比較其他相關作品的視野，試圖將回憶錄中所呈現的個案放回到菲律賓政治暴力的發展脈絡中。這樣的比較分析旨在凸顯菲律賓在政治暴力研究中的一些重要課題，並嘗試指出在這樣的基礎上還能再有哪些未來可以持續關注的方向。

2025, Social Politics

This article examines recent trends in the rise of marriage dissolution in Turkey, where the crude divorce rate has increased from 0.27 in 1970 to 2.15 in 2022. This surge can be attributed to significant demographic shifts, including an increase in the marriage age, declining fertility rates, higher levels of education, and evolving gender norms. Using data from five waves of the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018, this study explores micro-level predictors of divorce. In addition to common risk factors, it incorporates women’s gender role attitudes, tolerance for domestic violence, family conservatism, and husbands’ controlling behaviors. The analysis argues that rising divorce rates are best understood in the con- text of pressures from a masculinist restoration—a reinforcement of male dominance and control—alongside women’s resistance to traditional gender roles.

2025, Culture, health & sexuality

Unsafe abortion in Africa continues to be a major contributor to the global maternal mortality which affects young women in particular. In Uganda, where abortion is legally restricted and stigmatised, unsafe abortion is a major public health issue. We explored reproductive agency in relation to unsafe abortion among young women seeking post-abortion care. Through in-depth interviews we found that reproductive agency was constrained by gender norms and power imbalances and strongly influenced by stigma. Lack of resources and the need for secrecy resulted in harmful abortion practices and delayed care-seeking. Women did not claim ownership of the abortion decision, but the underlying meaning in the narratives positioned abortion as an agentive action aiming to regain control over one's body and future. Women's experiences shaped contraceptive intentions and discourse, creating a window of opportunity that was often missed. This study provides unique insight into how young wome...

2025, Language, Media, and Education: Unpacking Gender Bias and Empowerment in Moroccan Society

This study investigates the impact of language on the perpetuation of male dominance and gender norms in Moroccan society from the perspective of six Moroccan EFL teachers. Utilizing in-depth interviews, the research investigates how linguistic practices in both the public and private domain provide support for patriarchal norms, which in turn constructs ideas of gender roles amongst both educators and their students. The findings show how language, through proverbs and dialogue exchanges, draws on male domination and marginalizes women's views. Participants stressed that hierarchies of language at schools and media representations help maintain masculinity as the favored position in privileged spaces over that of women as the inferior ones. However, the study also finds emerging efforts by educators and activists pushing back against those norms through gender-sensitive curricula and inclusive communication strategies-these results illuminate language's role as a tool of oppression and as an instrument of defiance. By challenging the cultural and linguistic aspects that reinforce gender inequality, Moroccan education can play a notable role in promoting gender equality and giving a voice to marginalized groups.

2025, International Journal of Research in English

Monica Ali's Love marriage is a compelling exploration of cultural identity, familial expectations, and the pressures of modernity in the context of a British-Bangladeshi family. Through the protagonist, Yasmin, Ali delves into the complexities of hybrid identity, the clash between traditional cultural values and modernity, and the challenges of navigating love, marriage, and belonging. This research paper examines the novel through the lens of postcolonial theory, focusing on themes of racial and gender identity, generational conflicts, and the intersectionality of class, race, and gender. It argues that Love marriage presents a nuanced portrayal of the immigrant experience in contemporary Britain, shedding light on the ways in which multiculturalism complicates and enriches personal and familial relationships. Through its depiction of the tensions between individual desires and cultural expectations, the novel provides valuable insights into the complexities of identity formation in a globalized world.

2025, Journal of People's History and Culture

Examining the changing views on gender in India entails examining a complex web of cultural, historical and modern settings. From the changing terrain of LGBTQ+ identities to traditional ideas of masculinity, India offers a complex and diverse setting that exhibits continuity and change. This study will cover significant historical developments, cultural influences and contemporary tendencies to present a thorough picture. It's an intricate and dynamic terrain that is revealed when examining gender in India from various angles, such as masculinity, LGBTQ+ identities and other underrepresented experiences. Indian society has always been organised around strict gender roles, which frequently reinforce heteronormative and patriarchal values. Nonetheless, there have been notable changes in recent years and a rise in the acceptance of different gender identities and presentations. The diversity of gender experiences in India is becoming more and more highlighted by academics, activists and cultural gurus. Research on generational changes, geographical variances and the relationship between gender and caste, class and religion are all included in this. Digital activism and media presence are also essential for dispelling myths and elevating marginalized voices which are mentioned in the study.

2025, Texila International Journal of Public Health

This study explores the implications of gender-based violence (GBV) response services on the reporting of GBV incidents in Adamawa State, Nigeria. GBV remains a critical public health and human rights issue, particularly in regions affected by conflict, such as northern Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey methodology, the study analyzed responses from 362 participants, including women of reproductive age, healthcare providers, and GBV service actors. Participants were surveyed to assess their knowledge of GBV, the availability of services, and the impact on incidence reporting. Results revealed that 60.2% of respondents were aware of GBV services, but only 17.4% had a comprehensive understanding of available support. The prevalence of physical, sexual, and emotional violence was alarmingly high, reported at 69.9%, 74.3%, and 85.6%, respectively. Factors such as alcohol use, low education, and economic hardship were identified as drivers of GBV. Despite the presence of legal frameworks, only 56.6% of respondents reported knowing what actions to take after experiencing GBV. This study highlights the need for improved awareness programs, stronger enforcement of GBV policies, and enhanced healthcare infrastructure to support survivors. The findings have significant implications for developing targeted interventions aimed at increasing GBV reporting and improving service provision for affected populations.

2025, 國立臺灣圖書館《在地》

The establishment of Japan’s national holiday, “Marine Day” (Umi no Hi), was not merely intended to celebrate the blessings of the ocean, but more profoundly reflects the complex social and political transformations across different... more

2025, International Journal of Research in English

2025, Journal of Asian and African Studies

This study utilized a phenomenological design to examine the factors that contribute to the underreporting of occurrences of intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women living in rural areas. We obtained the data from a sample of 12 married women recruited using snowball sampling techniques and from four key informants recruited using purposive sampling. The study revealed structural factors such as limited service availability, corruption, and negative attitudes from service providers, and existing systemic barriers. It provides new approaches to address and eliminate the underreporting of IPV, thereby contributing to broader initiatives aimed at achieving gender equality.

2025, International Journal of Scientific Research and Management

This paper attempts an interpretive study of Monica Ali’s use of steam of consciousness in her first novel Brick Lane (2003), examining the psychological connection with this technique to comprehend the protagonist Nazneen’s evolutionary expedition. Brick Lane starts with the stillbirth of Nazneen and by her mother’s influence she learns to accept fate without any question. After her marriage with Chanu, she becomes a British immigrant and embarks her journey to adjust in a new place, new life and to form a new identity beyond the patriarchal constraints. Throughout the novel, she undergoes various internal and external dilemma and troubles; but, she establishes her own identity by attaining economic emancipation and by establishing her logical opinion. This paper purports to interpret step by step journey of ‘a village girl’ Nazneen towards her transformation as an independent woman retaining her native cultural values. The study identifies the stream of consciousness used by the a...

2025, https://www.lgjdxcn.asia/

Socialization is the process by which a child becomes a human being. Inborn children's are not a human being. What are the toys you played as an adult? If you're a boy, have you ever played with trucks, action figures, toy guns, or sporting goods? If you were a girl, did you dress up, play with dolls, or does a fake kitchen set? If you answer "yes" to any of the examples, that are okay, but if you think the boy or girl is the only type to play, it could be because you were told that this is believable. As we grow, we learn from fellow humans how we must act. Children are introduced to specific roles that are usually associated with biological gender from a very young age. The term gender role refers to the social idea of how men and women should behave and how they should behave. These roles are based on norms or standards created by society. In American culture, the role of men is usually associated with strength, aggression, and dominance, while the role of women is usually associated with upbringing and subordination. Looking back at the toys I grew up with, I also learned the role of a particular gender. The kind of toys that parents give their daughters is that their role is compassion and kindness, and the role they engage in is to take care of others, or that their imagination is too high to really help. Often teaches life like a princess. On the other hand, the types of toys parents give their sons, such as trucks, toy guns, and superhero tools, are designed to encourage motor skills, aggression, and one-on-one play.

2025

Using a simple language and process, the purpose of this training of trainers (ToT) manual is to prepare trainers to present the concepts of transforming conflict and building peace. It is advised that trainers using the manual ensure that they have a good grounding in knowledge relevant to the subject. Suggested programme session objectives, schedules, training methods, activities and materials should be seen as being flexible, and to be adapted to local context and participant needs as appropriate.

2025

Les resultats presentes dans ce rapport sont tires de la recherche « Impact de l’homophobie et de la violence homophobe sur la perseverance et la reussite scolaires », financee par le ministere de l’Education, du Loisir et du Sport du Quebec (MELS) par l’entremise du programme d’Action concertee du Fonds quebecois de recherche sur la societe et la culture (FQRSC) « Perseverance et reussite scolaires ». Le volet qualitatif de la recherche a egalement beneficie d’une subvention du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH).

2025, Çankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Postcolonial fiction and trauma are almost coalesced into one another as a result of the nature of postcolonial cultural condition. Trauma emerges as one of the most important and inevitable themes in postcolonial novels written, in particular, by the British authors of colonial origin. In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrays the tragic destiny of Nazneen, a young Bangladeshi woman, forced into an arranged marriage, when she is eighteen, to a Bangladeshi man in his forties living in London. It is a story of trauma, migration and adultery. After her mother’s suicide, Nazneen’s father arranges her marriage to Chanu and sends her away from home to the Imperial centre. As a postcolonial Bangladeshi immigrant, Nazneen not only suffers from the trauma of her deceased mother but also from the trauma of her arranged marriage that results in the birth of a son who dies when he is only a few months old. In addition to her personal breakdown after a series of tragic events, she inevitably undergoes cultural clashes. This study discusses Nazneen’s traumatic background and her postcolonial identity and questions whether or not her tragic situation stems from the postcolonial cultural condition.

2025, Feminist Internet Research Network (FIRN)

This research intends to better understand the barriers and biases resulting from algorithms in women’s access to freedom of opinion and expression, and to examine women’s resiliency and how they navigate these algorithms that are inherently limiting to create the much-needed space for women and gender non-conforming persons to speak out, to be heard, and to, in effect, occupy digital spaces.

2025, Feminist Internet Research Network (FIRN)

This paper looks at current struggles and transformations on the meanings of online violence in Brazil. It interrogates how feminist research and interventions in digital technologies with regards to online violence against LGTQIA+ in the contemporary political scenario. Responses to online hate speech as political violence shed new light on the intersections of gender, race, sexuality and gender expression at its basis.

2025, 英美文學評論

本文以感官角度分析越裔美籍作家王鷗行（Ocean Vuong）的小說《此生，你我皆短暫燦爛》（On Earth We’re Briefly... more

2024, Asiatic

Umme Salma’s Bangladeshi Novels in English: Cultural Contact and Migrant Subjectivity is an important scholarly work that addresses migration and diaspora through the lens of eight selected novels written in English by authors of Bangladeshi heritage. The book examines migration, cultural contact, women’s agency, and identity formation, focusing on narratives that span the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. These texts portray the experiences of Bangladeshi Muslim migrants against the backdrop of their struggles and adaptations in host societies.

2024

Women throughout the world still do most of the unpaid domestic work. To reveal the impact of social norms beside traditional economic variables on the sharing of household tasks within couples, we choose to compare the sharing of tasks between heterosexual and homosexual couples in France based on econometric estimations. The results show that, other things being equal, heterosexual couples share tasks much more unequally than homosexual couples. Assuming that the behavior of same-sex couples is not affected by gendered social norms, we then propose a measure of the impact of these norms using a Blinder-Oaxaca type decomposition.

2024

Mémoire portant sur le harcèlement scolaire homophobe en lycée en France et sa gestion par la communauté éducative, entre mise en action des prescriptions gouvernementales et tâtonnements sur le terrain. Des entretiens menés avec des CPE, infirmières scolaires et formateurs associatifs informent les données d'enquêtes nationales quant à l'homophobie dans les lycées et les moyens d'action et de prévention possibles

2024, 文化研究第三十九期 2024年秋季 Router: A Journal of Cultural Studies (Autumn 2024) No. 39

On New Year’s Eve 1959, Ferry to Hong Kong was screened in Hong Kong. Produced by Rank as its first CinemaScope feature, the big-budget movie tells tale of a stateless drifter who was stuck for ten months on the ferry sailing between Hong Kong and Macau. The film was a flop across the globe not only because of the splitting Anglo-American cooperation,
but also because the demands of entertainment and propaganda clashed, falling apart in the film’s storytelling. Positioned within Cold War contexts, however, Ferry to Hong Kong could be seen as British cultural-diplomatic response through cinematic soft power to reestablish national assurance on Asian Cold War fronts following the 1956 Suez Canal debacle that
witnessed the death of Britain’s imperial might at the hands of the Eisenhower administration. But the film turns the anti-hero into a paragon of British gallantry who saves the passengers and refugees from the hands of Chinese (communist) pirates. The sinking ferry-boat is the traumatic device to recall British naval war stories and retell romantic and narcissistic tales of British valor and international influence in Asia and Global South.

2024, The Journal of Men’s Studies

Dominant gender norms among South African males promote ideals of masculinity characterized by control, emotional stoicism, and power, which can impact overall health. This study explores South African men’s perceptions of the “ideal” man, societal expectations, and how sexual identities intersect with masculinity, health-seeking behaviors, and HIV prevention. We conducted 40 interviews with men who have sex with women and men who have sex with men, aged 18–35 years who resided in Johannesburg or Cape Town municipal areas. Participants described their idea of the “ideal man” as a provider, protector, and role model, though these ideals varied across contexts. High family and community expectations created both stress and motivation. Barriers to sexual healthcare included resistance from male-dominated communities and stigma towards non-heteronormative sexual identities, particularly among men who have sex with men. Addressing these challenges requires promoting more inclusive understandings of masculinity and improving healthcare access by challenging gender norms.

2024, Journal of Community Genetics

Introducing newborn screening (NBS) services for sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa has been proven to be one of the most costeffective approach to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. In view of this evidence, efforts have been made by countries in Africa where SCD prevalence is high to pilot NBS programmes and to strengthen comprehensive care services for SCD. While it is important to reap the benefits of NBS for SCD in Africa in terms of overall quantitative measures, it is also important to understand how certain social and cultural conditions may disproportionately influence the outcomes of screening for some groups. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of gender norms before and after NBS for SCD in Tanzania, and to assess how they influence the quality of care of diagnosed children. Using qualitative methods, we did in-depth interviews with families of children with SCD identified through the NBS services and focus group sessions with nurses working in neonatal and postnatal sections of regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam. By analysing the experiences of both the families and nurses, we were able to provide evidence on, firstly, the gendered relations that undergird childcare and, secondly, how those relations influence the quality of care the child may potentially receive. The results emphasize the importance of studying the social implications of SCD in Africa, especially with regard to improving the quality of care for patients with SCD in the region. We propose simple interventions, including gender-conscious health education and genetic counselling, which can help to improve the community understanding of genetic diseases while also reducing gender-related inequalities related to SCD care in Africa.

2024, Preventing School Failure

Bullying is major concern in education worldwide, particularly in countries like New Zealand that are reported to have high rates of bullying in schools. In this article it is proposed that, in order to effectively prevent or substantially reduce bullying in schools, a systemic approach needs to be adopted, with interventions organized at various levels. An ecological model for bullying prevention is presented which suggests strategies and interventions at the levels of teachers, schools, communities, and society. Examples of interventions that have been found in the literature to have evidence supporting their effectiveness have been outlined at each of these levels. Guidelines are presented for schools adopting such an ecological model for addressing bullying and for bringing about the changes needed to implement it successfully.

2024

To define the breadth of GBNs in each country context, the leading team of WP1 at UBERN developed a data collection Manual for all partners to ensure a systematic approach across countries. The approach followed a process based on three "Pillars" of data collection: To locate the relevant areas where GBNs are discussed in regard to the geographical location, the UBERN lead team developed a 'Funnel Approach', which guided contributors through a series of questions and suggestions based on a three-step loop:

2024, John Wiley & Sons

Background: Reproductive health, crucial for public health and sustainable development, encompasses family planning and contraceptive use. However, global disparities persist in the adoption of family planning, highlighting the need for... more

2024

Is she a heterosexual woman? "don't assume that all patients are heterosexual and cisgender" Bias and assumption

2024

While the majority of research in Bangladesh has focused on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, less is known about the correlates of physical violence against unmarried female adolescents, particularly community-level characteristics that may increase their risk of experiencing violence. We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to assess the variability in physical violence against unmarried female adolescents at the community level and to explore the role of communitylevel characteristics in explaining this variability. We compared these findings to results of analyses of community-level correlates of physical violence against unmarried male adolescents and physical spousal violence against married female adolescents. The data for this analysis were taken from a 2005 nationally representative survey of 20,000 adolescents aged 10 to 24 living in Bangladesh. Data from 4,370 unmarried female adolescents, 5,197 unmarried male adolescents, and 3,710 married female ado...

2024, BMC Women's Health

Background Commercial surrogacy is a highly controversial issue that leads to heated debates in the feminist literature, especially when surrogacy takes place in developing countries and when it is performed by local women for wealthy international individuals. The objective of this article is to confront common assumptions with the narratives and experiences described by Indian surrogates themselves. Methods This qualitative study included 33 surrogates interviewed in India (Mumbai, Chennai and New Delhi) who were at different stages of the surrogacy process. They were recruited through five clinics and agencies. This 2-year field study was conducted before the 2018 surrogacy law. Results Surrogates met the criteria fixed by the national guidelines in terms of age and marital and family situation. The commitment to surrogacy had generally been decided with the husband. Its aim was above all to improve the socioeconomic condition of the family. Women described surrogacy as offering ...

2024, International Journal of Research

The changing fashions of migration and the dwindling international borders have given a possibility to the inhabitants of different countries to discover world as the platform of the action. In the recent times, cultures are incessantly changing to give path to a multiethnic and a multicultural society. But sometimes this cultural difference gives way to a hard time of identity crisis. Monica Ali’s widely acclaimed novel Brick Lane conveys the story of Nazneen, a young Bangladeshi woman, married at 18 to Chanu Ahmed and thus drifts to London where they are squashed in between the native Bangladeshi identity and now a state of the art identity. It is not astonishing for the two to feel isolated and withdrawn both socially and culturally. This paper will make a deep study of the changes, which various characters in the novel undergo as a result of a shift in the culture because of immigration.

2024, Gender norms, social capital and the reproduction of domestic violence in urban contexts of segregation and poverty

Going beyond descriptive analysis on economic segregation, this paper aims to answer the question of what social processes are activated in such contexts and how they impact on development issues. Specifically this paper uses an original dataset for the analysis of the impact of economic segregation on domestic violence exploring the mediating role of social capital and gender norms. We found that segregation has a positive impact on gender norms and this in turn increases the likelihood of domestic violence. Also in contexts of segregation, a greater intensity of social ties are developed and these networks in turn help reduce violence. In those segregated context then promoting social capital is a powerful mechanism for generating trust between women and helping them to improve their situation related to violence.
Authors: Martin Benavides, Juan León, Manuel Etesse & Lucía Espezúa

2024

Understanding low rates of participation by minority populations in clinical trials is critical for reducing and eliminating disparities. We examined beliefs and attitudes of Native Hawaiian men related to illness and cancer to better understand their rates of participation in clinical trials. We conducted face-to-face interviews with Native Hawaiian key informants throughout the State of Hawai‘i using quota sampling methods to obtain a range of perspectives about attitudes towards health care seeking to provide insight into low clinical trials participation. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and independently coded by researchers. Thematic analysis guided the extraction of relevant data from the discussions. Key informants (N=16) suggested the following beliefs and attitudes regarding clinical trials participation: 1) mistrust in the healthcare system, 2) external locus of control, 3) gender norms, and 4) the customary pono (righteousness, to make right) practice towards fa...