Gentry Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Chrudimské vlastivědné listy 18, č. 6

The article deals with the history of the family Talacko of Ještětice. In this case, a dispute over a financial sum between the Czech Chamber represented by the governor of the Pardubice estate and Václav Talacko, who borrowed money from... more

2025, UNIWERSYTET ŁÓDZKI

Książka jest swoistą rekonstrukcją publicystycznego wizerunku wychowania i kształcenia młodzieży w okresie dorastania. W tym obszarze daje możliwość poznania różnych stanowisk: pedagogów, psychologów, działaczy ruchów społecznych i... more

2025, Formy modernizacji. Polska XIX i XX wieku

Celem artykułu jest analiza postaw społeczności wiejskich południowej Polski wobec przemian zachodzących w latach 1848-1948. Zapoczątkowane odgórnie, szybko stały się kwestią, wobec której społeczność musiała zająć stanowisko. Analizie poddano czynniki przyspieszające i spowalniające modernizację. Za najważniejsze uznano tradycyjną kulturę chłopską, mobilność, aktywność działaczy chłopskich, księży katolickich, nauczycieli, ziemiaństwa oraz warunki materialne. Rozważania koncentrują się na kwestii podmiotowości społeczności wiejskiej. Na podstawie analizy pamiętników chłopskich ukazują modernizację jako proces, w którym wieś odgrywała aktywną rolę, tworząc własny model przemian, dostosowany do istniejącej tradycji społecznej kształtującej życie codzienne lokalnej społeczności.

2025, Cambridge University, England

Executive Summary This thesis studies: 1. Actual inequality in Tudor and Stuart England generally and Cheshire in particular 2. Tudor and Stuart attitudes to inequality. 3. Actual inequality in 20th century Britain. 4. Public attitudes... more

2024

The Structure of the Estate, the Society and Political Institutions of Derbyshire in the Late Fourteenth and First Half of the Fifteenth Century RICHÁRD SZÁNTÓ Hungarian scholars made numerous comparative works on the history of Hungary and Western Europe, but many studies do not contain an explanation of the historical terminology of Western European countries. The conclusions of these studies were inexact because of the incomplete knowledge of the historical terminology of medieval England or other countries. The first aim of this dissertation is to give an exact introduction to the late medieval English terminology. Derbyshire served as a model for this research because it was not a coastal shire, therefore it is comparable to a Hungarian county. The other purpose of this work was the detailed description of the structure of the estate, society, and political institutions in Derbyshire in the late Middle Ages. The dissertation consists of three parts: (1) the settlements and the structure of the estate of Derbyshire, (2) the society of the shire, (3) the political institutions of the shire. The appendix of the dissertation includes 23 tables and 10 maps. The tables comprise the names of the settlements and the names of the lords of the fees and villages; the color maps were made to depict the structure of the estates in Derbyshire. The first part of the dissertation, the maps and the tables of the appendix, were based on the data from the following sources: Domesday Survey Descriptive, Descriptive Catalogue of Derbyshire Charters, Calendar of Inquisition Post Mortem, the collection of the Feudal History of County of Derby, Inquisition and Assessments Relating to Feudal Aids, Placita de Quo Warranto, and Valor Ecclesiasticus. The lists of poll taxes, lay subsidies, and lists of the tithe were useful sources for the description of the society of Derbyshire in the second part of the work. The sources of the medieval English law, charters, statutes, and the books of the medieval English lawyers were taken into consideration in the description of the social structure, and their data were important to the description of the political institutions. The listing of the estates and their lords in tabular form was the basis for the maps. The tables contain the names of the lords of the honors, fees and villages and the dates of the sources. The estate maps and their base maps include the

2024, The history of the castle kitchen in Łańcut

The history of the castle kitchen in łańcut 1 The article examines the history and activities of the castle kitchen in Łańcut from the second half of the 17th century until 1944. The results of the research are based on manuscript documents from the AGAD in Warsaw, the Library and Archives of the Łańcut Castle, the collections of the Department of manuscripts of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Library of Ukraine, and the memoirs of 19 th-century travellers. The changes that took place in the process of improving the kitchen workspace and organizing the work of the staff are an important testament to the culture that prevailed in the palaces and large estates of the Polish gentry. Special attention was paid to the portraits of former kitchen employees, the atmosphere around their workplace, and changes in public opinion about the work of a chef. Many research findings are presented for the first time. The results of the study will be useful for historians, anthropologists, and researchers of material culture.

2024

Conclusiones al Simposio VENIDOS A TAL ESTADO DE NECESIDAD: CRÉDITO Y ENDEUDAMIENTO NOBILIARIO EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA AL FINAL DE LA EDAD MEDIA. Vitoria, 14-15 de diciembre de 2023.

2024

Studie analyzuje personalni politiku cisaře a krale Vilema II. v německých a pruských politických institucich, popisuje jeji nejzavažnějsi udalosti, jejich okolnosti, hleda hlavni aktery jednotlivých jmenovani a zkouma otazku, kdo se o klicova personalni rozhodnuti zasloužil. Dochazi k zavěru, že personalni politika v konstitucni německe a pruske monarchii představovala kombinaci zasad monarchistickeho a demokratickeho vladniho systemu. Ustředni roli v ni hral panovnik, jeho nejbližsi poradci a představitele spravy a meně již politických stran. V konstitucnim Německu bylo obsazovani nejvyssich uřadů za vlady Vilema II. zasadně ovlivněno představiteli tzv. liebenberskeho kruhu, neformalniho seskupeni kolem cisařova přitele Eulenburga. Analýza koresponcence Eulenburga s panovnikem a dalsimi politiky, stejně jako analýza zprav rakousko-uherských diplomatů prokazala, že Eulenburg zasadnim způsobem ovlivnil v letech 1890-1900 výběr nejvyssich německých uředniků. Umožnilo mu to důvěrne př...

2024, Multiciência Online

No início do século XX, o Brasil entra em seu processo mais crítico de industrialização e junto com ela um aumento extraordinário da população concentrada em grandes centros urbanos. Essa concentração vem acarretando as mais diversas mazelas sociais e visuais para a malha urbana em questão. Mesmo em um país dependente da economia mundial, a questão habitacional, o saneamento urbano, a “modernização” necessária para melhor olhar europeu, tornaram-se problemas latentes desde o final do século XIX e início do século XX. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica e triangulação de dados, é possível confirmar que as remodelagens urbanas foram aliadas a classe dominante como forma de manutenção sistêmica, contra as revoltas populares e a favor do grande capital. O urbanismo desenvolvido no Brasil é uma representação dos estilos europeus do século passado, sempre refazendo as ideias advindas dos países centrais. Esse escrito tem como objetivo uma reflexão sobre as reformas urbanas brasileiras no início do século XX nas grandes metrópoles, como Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Porto Alegre, onde a inspiração principal será o plano draconiano de Haussmann em Paris, lugares em que esses planos vão mudar a paisagem urbana dos grandes centros urbanos permanentemente, afetando diretamente as relações sociais que se desenvolvem dentro da urbe. Percebe-se, também que a falta de originalidade e desenvolvimento de um urbanismo próprio nacional se mantém, bem como as já antigas mazelas urbanas que não veem no horizonte próximo qualquer possibilidade de serem sanadas.

2024, Actas Congreso Internacional de las ciencias genealógica y heráldica Madrid 2020, 20-23 octubre 2021, Madrid, Ediciones Hidalguia

The paper deals with the social status of the ‘moșneni’ from Wallachia and ‘răzeși’ from Moldavia. They were free people and collective owners of their ancestral estates, throughout the Middle Ages. In the nineteenth century, they were at the center of a dispute over the nature of land ownership: if they were to be considered as the descendants of immemorial communities of free peasants, this meant that the great landowners usurped the peasants’ land. Another perspective adopted at the time, however, considered the ‘moșneni’ and ‘răzeși’ as part of the aristocracy. The dispute remains unresolved, and its stake is the correct understanding of the Romanian aristocracy and of the social structure of the past.

2024

The significance of heraldic references in literature has been the subject of both antiquarian interest and recent scholarship. In the field of seventeenth-century poetry, there exists a small body of published work concerned with the use of heraldry by William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and John Cleveland. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the existence and significance of heraldic references in a wider range of seventeenth-century verse and poetry. It eschews assumptions regarding the use of heraldry by, or with reference to, a narrow social elite, and examines heraldic references published in broadsheets and used in songs, as well as in the privatelycirculated manuscripts of the nobility. Chapter One offers a critical examination of a range of current scholarship concerned with heraldic readings of literature. Chapter Coats, whose own work, A New Dictionary of Heraldry, was published in 1725. Coats expanded Guillim's introduction, the original text being identified by quotation marks in the 1724 edition. References here will also distinguish between authorial and editorial comment. Further references (to this edition, etc.) are given after quotations in the text. Intendments' (p. 4). The anonymous writer of the manuscript volume, 'The Catholike Armorist: the First Book: What Armories are, and of Their Origine', refers to Blazonry as an 'Heroike science' 7. Henry Peacham describes it as a 'discourse ... with ... lawes and termes', 8 but there was no single, definitive law to which all blazonry conformed. Attempts were made to provide some regulation. In 1682, John Gibbon, Bluemantle Pursuivant, published his Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam: An Essay to a more Correct Blason in Latine than formerly hath been used, in which he demanded that the system of blazon should be reformed. He states: My business ... hath been to endeavor (out of approved modern Authors) a more correct Latine Blason than our ancient English masters (whom we wholly follow) have exhibited in their published Instructions. Learned Camden ... was so out of conceit with their Terms ... in his Britiannia,... he follows a Stile and Method of his own. 9 In spite of idiosyncrasies, blazon was, and is, governed by conventions, both of linguistic form and vocabulary. While these are not definitive, the general characteristics of blazon must be appreciated in order that its use by writers and poets can be recognised. To blazon arms, first the colour of the surface of the shield, known as the field, is stated. Next, the charges which appear on it are described, with adjectives of quantity preceding the noun, and other description following. Then details of the crest and supporters are given in turn. Heraldry relies on the use of tinctures, which are 7. The Queen's College Library, Oxford (hereafter QC) MS 141, f. 22. Further references to this manuscript are given after quotations in the text. I am grateful to Dr Alison Shell for drawing my attention to this manuscript. 8. Peacham's Heraldry for The Complete Gentleman, edited by Cecil R. Humphery-Smith (Great Bookham, 1991), p. 15. Further references (to this edition, etc.) are given after quotations in the text. Peacham's book was reprinted in 1626, 1627, 1634, 1642 and 1661; see Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman, Fashioning him absolute in the most necessary and commendable Qualities concerning Minde or Bodie that may be required in a Person of Honor: To which is added the Gentlemans [sicJ Exercise; or, An exquisite practice, as well for drawing all manner of Beasts, as for making Colours, to be used in Painting, Limming etc., much Inlarged, especially in the Art of Blazonry, by a very good Hand, third edition (London, 1661). His influence continued into the eighteenth century; Samuel Johnson derived from Peacham's work the definitions of the terms of blazonry for his A Dictionary of the English Language, in which the words are deduced from their originals and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers (London, 1755). 9. John Gibbon, Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam: An Essay to a more Correct Blason In Latine than formerly hath been used (London, 1682), sig. A3 r : Further references (to this edition, etc.) are given after quotations in the text. 20 This power was restated in the Licensing Act of 1662; the press continued to be licensed until 1695, although the effectiveness of the censorship is the subject of debate among historians. 21 Heraldry, then, refers to a system, that was officially accepted in the seventeenth century as being characterised by institutional concerns, upheld by the force of law and 18. The following list details, in chronological order, the heralds or pursuivants, their office and the short-title of the earliest relevant edition of their respective works:

2024, 14 DE JUNIO DE 2024 UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAÍS VASCO/EHU

2024, Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies

This paper discusses the Palestinian rural notables' class, comprised of rural sheikhs, village or clan headmen with similar life trajectories in late Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine. The paper uses the Palestinian Hannun family of Tulkarm to demonstrate how these notables exploited changing legal, administrative and political conditions, and global economic realities, to attain socioeconomic and political ascendency in the Palestinian countryside and its emergent towns. The article analyses their actions in structuralist terms of clans, households, marriage alliances and networks of patronage, and historically contextualises their rational decision-making process about selling land to Jews and cooperation with the British authorities.

2024, Kultura i Społeczeństwo

W artykule tym chciałbym krótko opisać polską tradycję konkursów pamiętnikarskich i wykorzystywania dokumentów autobiograficznych w polskich naukach społecznych. Tradycja ta rozpoczęła się w latach 20. XX wieku i jest związana z działalnością Floriana Znanieckiego, który współpracował z Wiliamem Thomasem przy przygotowaniu monografii Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce w oparciu o dokumenty osobiste, głównie listy i autobiografie. W latach 1918-1939 tradycję tę rozwijał Instytut Gospodarstwa Społecznego pod kierunkiem Ludwika Krzywickiego. IGS zorganizowało kilka ważnych konkursów pamiętnikarskich (na pamiętniki chłopów, pamiętniki bezrobotnych, pamiętniki emigrantów). Wtedy też wypracowano metodę badawczą, która nazywa się metodą biograficzną i która jest łączona z nazwiskami Floriana Znanieckiego, Józefa Chałasińskiego i Jana Szczepańskiego. W czasie wojny tradycja ta była kontynuowana poprzez praktykę zbierania świadectw z czasu wojny i Zagłady (np. działalność grupy Oneg Szabat w w...

2024, Wielmoże polscy. Wiek Piotra Włostowica

“Wielmoże polscy. Wiek Piotra Włostowica” to kolejna, fascynująca książka Piotra Andrzejewicza, która zabiera czytelników w podróż do Polski XII wieku. Tym razem autor przedstawia koligacje i losy niektórych pradynastów polskich rodów... more

2024, Pamietnik Literacki

Intymistyka 1 powstaje m.in. z przeznaczeniem "dla potomnych, jak pamiętnik" oraz "jako źródło, środek do osiągnięcia informacji" przez czytelnika 2. Jest to jej drugorzędna, uboczna funkcja w stosunku do centralnej-autobiograficznej. Zrodzone z myśli o odbiorcy, bodźce te mają charakter pragmatyczny. Niektóre z nich stanowią odpowiedź na czytelnicze zapotrzebowanie, inne-zamiar wywarcia wpływu na adresata. Małgorzata Czermińska, badaczka literatury intymnej, wskazuje źródło zaciekawienia nią, łączące autora i czytelnika: to "pewna postawa autora wewnętrznego wraz z zakładaną w tekście postawą odbiorcy", "element wspólny, nazywany przez Lejeune'a podobieństwem" 3. Czermińska przypomina ponadto, że istnieją dwa zasadnicze podejścia autobiograficzne, rzadko występujące w homogenicznym, konsekwentnym kształcie-ekstrawertywna i introwertywna (autorefleksyjna). Dla intymisty-ekstrawertyka pierwszorzędne, docelowe znaczenie ma świat oglądany "przez pryzmat doświadczeń", co w praktyce sprawia, iż jego dzieło klasyfikowane będzie jako "literatura pamiętnikarsko-wspomnieniowa", "literatura faktu" ("Mniej ważne, kim był, ważniejsze, że b y ł p r z y t y m"). Introwertyk tymczasem traktuje otoczenie jako "źródło impulsów dla przeżyć rozgrywających się wewnątrz Ja", tworzy "literaturę wyznania" ("Tu wartością poszukiwaną jest osoba, podmiot poznający i przeżywający. [...] Świat zewnętrzny może być darzony wielkim zainteresowaniem, ale zawsze ukazuje się w perspektywie osobistego punktu widzenia [...]") 4. Autobiograf ekstrawertywny 1 Określenie "intymistyka" stosuje w swoich pracach podejmujących problematykę autobiografii M. C z e r m i ń s k a (Autobiografia i powieść, czyli pisarz i jego postacie. Gdańsk 1987, s. 8, 9 n.). Posługuje się nim także R. L u b a s-B a r t o s z y ń s k a (Między autobiografią a literaturą. Warszawa 1993, s. 14-15): "Termin »intymistyka« odnoszony jest do literatury uwzględniającej tematy intymne, tzn. medytacje introwertyczne, sekrety duszy, życie codzienne we wnętrzu domu, prosty sposób życia, bez emfazy. [...] później język specjalistyczny historyków literatury dorzucił drugie znaczenie terminu, oznaczające praktykowanie dzienników intymnych. [...] ogarnianie mianem »intymistyka« wszystkich typów tekstów autobiograficznych wydaje się kontaminacją znaczeń dwu omówionych wcześniej pojęć »intymizm«: tego, które jest nazwą zbiorczą dla dzienników intymnych, oraz intymistyki jako literatury nasyconej intymizmem". 2 C z e r m i ń s k a (op. cit., s. 8) rozwija tę myśl, ustalając bodźce tworzenia intymistyki różnego rodzaju: "Autobiografii nie pisze się ani dla siebie, jak dziennik, ani dla kogoś bliskiego, jak list. Pisze się ją dla potomnych, jak pamiętnik. Ale pisze się ją o sobie-nie jak pamiętnik".

2024

Coloquio 'Venidos a tal estado de necesidad: crédito y endeudamiento nobiliario en la Península Ibérica al final de la Edad Media', José Ramón Díaz de Durana Ortiz de Urbina, Aintzane Sánchez Labaka, Sandra de la Torre Gonzalo (coords.),... more

2024, Historica Olomucensia

2024, Journal of Renmin University of China

清初为整治旗下奴仆逃亡的“逃人”问题而出台严酷的“逃人法”。该法对窝隐逃人的行为惩罚特重，成为清初“虐政”之一。“重惩窝隐”的规定来自对明律的选择性援引，应被视为清代国家形成过程中的一种社会管治措施。因应于国家构建的进程，“窝逃罪”惩罚力度在“逃人法”历次修订中争议频现，顺治中叶一度有着缓和倾向，旋因满人保守势力反击而于顺治十一年修订后重归于严。由于“逃人法”于立法之初未能妥善处理逃人辨识问题，加上满汉关系问题对司法制度干扰，“重惩窝逃”的种种措施不仅在处理逃人问题时未能表现... more

2024

This thesis examines the experiences and impact of wartime mobilization in the county of Devon. It argues that a crucial role was played by the county's elites who became the self-appointed intermediaries of the war experience on a local level and who took an explicitly exhortative role, attempting to educate Devonians in the codes of ideal conduct in wartime. These armchair patriots, defined by the local commentator Stephen Reynolds as 'provincial patriots', superintended the patriotism of Devon's population, experience of the First World War is sceptical about the 'total' nature of the First World War because the war to some Devonians was not the pre-eminent issue and did not absorb all of the county's efforts. Rather, a significant part of Devon's population was primarily concerned with individual priorities and that of the county throughout the war years.

2023, UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Anna Jamrozek-Sowa 1 "Chłop przypomina wielkiego poetę". O debiucie prozatorskim pisarza tematu chłopskiego-Romana Turka Streszczenie Celem artykułu jest opisanie okoliczności oraz znaczenia debiutu książkowego Romana Turka, pisarza pochodzenia chłopskiego, którego Wiesław Myśliwski zaliczył do grona swych literackich antenatów. Powieść zatytułowana Moja mama, ja i reszta ukazała się w 1961 r. nakładem ogólnopolskiego prestiżowego wydawnictwa-Ludowej Spółdzielni Wydawniczej z siedzibą w Warszawie. Fragmenty były uprzednio drukowane na łamach ogólnopolskich periodyków o tematyce wiejskiej: "Orki", "Zarzewia" i "Zielonego Sztandaru". Książka spotkała się z dużym odzewem czytelniczym, kolejne wznowienia w ramach prestiżowej serii "Biblioteka Powszechna" ukazały się w 1963, 1970, 1973 i 1989 r. Powieść ma charakter autobiograficzny. Stanowił pierwszą część tetralogii galicyjskiej, której tematem są skomplikowane losy, codzienność i świat wyobrażony mieszkańców podłańcuckich wiosek. Została życzliwie przyjęta przez krytykę. Recenzje ukazywały się w pismach ogólnopolskich. Niektórzy z krytyków wskazywali na jej oryginalny, a nawet przełomowy dla prozy tematu wiejskiego charakter. Niewątpliwy sukces zaskoczył samego autora, samouka, urodzonego w biednej wiosce nieopodal Łańcuta, weterana I i II wojny światowej oraz wojny 1920 r. o wschodnie granice Polski, przez niemal 40 lat palacza w łańcuckiej, słynnej w świecie, likierni hr. Potockich. Roman Turek zaczął pisać po przejściu na emeryturę. Wydał 9 utworów prozatorskich-powieści i zbiorów opowiadań. Apogeum jego popularności przypadło na lata 60. i 70. XX wieku. Był wówczas jednym z najpoczytniejszych w Polsce autorów literatury wspomnieniowej. Po śmierci w 1982 r. został niemalże zapomniany. Renesans zainteresowania jego twórczością związany jest z sięgającą początków drugiego dziesięciolecia XXI wieku, inspirowaną wydarzeniami artystycznymi, literackimi, naukowymi debatą nad kwestią chłopskiego dziedzictwa Polaków.

2023, Koło Historii

The aim of this article is to analyse the process of collectivisation in Czechoslovakia, with reference to its ideological and social aspect. The author discussed the process of formation the views of the main communist ideologists on the agrarian question. Particular implementation of this views in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union is also presented. These events became a model for the activists of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which took power in its country in the post-war years. The analysis of the collectivisation process was set in the political and economic history of the post-war Czechoslovak Republic. Attention was paid to the conditions of function- ing of the Czech and Slovak villages, as well as to the differences between them. The legal chang- es introduced by the new authorities to take control over rural cooperatives and private property of Czech and Slovak farmers were discussed. The author also analysed the process of peasant resistance against collectivisation practices. This became a contribution to the analysis of the social changes brought about by the implementation of „cooperativisation“ in Czechoslovakia. The analysis is concluded with a description of social and economic changes brought about by the process of re-privatisation and privatisation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The article uses Polish, Czech and Slovak studies, as well as published sources and archival materials of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Agriculture (Národní archiv v Praze).

2023, 史原

光绪二十四年九月一日（1898年10月15日），清廷任命督辦鐵路大臣盛宣懷（1844-1916）代表中國與英商簽署〈江蘇浙江省之蘇杭甬鐵路草約〉四條，同意借英國資金建造鐵路。光绪三十一年（1905），浙江眾京官向商部呈稱，欲成立商辦浙江鐵路公司，自行建造浙江地區的鐵路，此行動得到清廷的允許。但是，盛宣懷與英商簽署的草約隨後浮上檯面，激起浙江鐵路公司主事者的不安情緒。屬於浙籍官紳的浙路代表，曾兩度前往北京與中央部會協商，希望解決因借款而起的爭議。除了浙籍官紳穿梭於清廷與浙江鐵路... more

2023

Stanisław Jankowski herbu Boleścic i dwie pozostałe córki Jana Szaławy i Rozalii z Dybowskich -Katarzyna i Marianna, kolejne jego żony oraz ich dzieci .

2023, Journal of Legal History

Historians have long argued that arbitration was the preferred means of resolution for most disputes in later medieval England; but does this apply also to the settlement of homicides? Despite the strenuous efforts of the English legal system after the Norman Conquest to force homicides through the royal courts, historians have argued that homicide continued to be settled out-of-court throughout the medieval period. This study examines six cases of arbitration centred on homicide from the fifteenth century to demonstrate that arbitration was rarely implemented as a means to resolve homicides. When it was, it was a relatively small, interrelated group of gentry who exploited the provision because they were well placed to manipulate the law and because their behaviour was supervised by the kingdom's magnates only once problems had arisen. Accordingly, arbitration for homicide was unusual and the practice was anything but inclusive. KEYWORDS Homicide arbitration gentry compensation out-of-court settlements Many thanks to the King George III Professorship in British History at The Ohio State University for funding this research project. When Henry V ascended the throne, he was determined to put his youthful transgressions behind him, to '[forsake] al wyldnes', to take up 'good gouernaunce, and [keep] streytly his lawys with ryghtwisnes & Iustise'. Within the first year of his reign, so the Brut chronicler tells us, he found his dedication to good and just governance tested by two knights who were constantly 'at gret debate'. Although we are not given their names, we are told their political affiliations: one was a

2023, The Economic History Review

2023

Żywienie dziecka w polskiej rodzinie szlacheckiej w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku na przykładzie Stasia Tretera Abstrakt: W artykule omówiono kwestie związane z żywieniem dziecka w zubożałej rodzinie szlacheckiej w drugiej połowie XVIII w. na przykładzie Stanisława Mikołaja Tretera, syna szambelana królewskiego Stanisława Kajetana i Agnieszki z Izbickich. Podstawą źródłową są listy, w których rodzice omawiali kwestie związane z karmieniem noworodka, zapiski ojca poświęcone wychowaniu i edukacji Stasia, przede wszystkim jednak dzienniczek spisany ręką dziewięciolatka. Zapiski Stasia są źródłem wyjątkowym, zarówno ze względu na wiek autora, jak i treść. Ich tematyka bowiem dotyczy potraw spożywanych codziennie przez chłopca w okresie od 14 do 31 stycznia 1786 r. Nieznane są inne tego rodzaju źródła. Zapiski Stasia Tretera pokazują, jak wyglądała dieta dziecka w zubożałej rodzinie szlacheckiej w końcu XVIII stulecia.

2023

2023, Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros

A saúde é um bom indicador de qualidade territorial e nos informa sobre a qualidade do ambiente vivido. A saúde na cidade foi compreendida, por um longo tempo, através das topografias médicas, que puderam evidenciar os riscos de saúde ligados à concepção das cidades. Este artigo visa ilustrar as interações antigas entre cidade e saúde. Num primeiro momento, tratar-se-á da apresentação histórica de alguns indicadores de morbidade e de mortalidade, além de alguns fatores de risco. Veremos, em seguida, como a conscientização em relação aos desafios sanitários na cidade pôde influenciar o urbanismo e, através da incorporação do higienismo, como se pôde pensar em preservar a saúde das populações, transformando o seu espaço. Este texto evidenciará o caso da França e da cidade de Lyon.

2023, White Lion Society Newsletter

Around the turn of this century the familiar figure of John Archibald Goodall would customarily be found either in the heraldic 'trough' in the library of the Society of Antiquaries of London, or at the College of Arms. John, known to some archivists as 'the Ancient Mariner' ('by thy long grey beard and glittering eye') was the epitome of a true antiquarian, who could as easily have belonged to the turn of the last century. John first used the Antiquaries Library as a visitor on 9 July 1953 to look at the fourteenth-century Antiquaries Roll, and in his later years he worked there almost every day, until his untimely death at the age of 75 in 2005.

2023, Community & Heritage: Journal of the Knockanore, Glendine & Kilwatermoy Historical Society, Issue 7,

Dromana house held the manor of Templemichael from 1443 until 1750 when it was sold to Alderman Richard Dawson, a successful banker in Dublin. He build a three storey house, Templemichael house, using stones from the nearby ruined Templemichael castle. The two front rooms measured 16 feet by 16 feet. Alderman Joseph Freeman of Youghal extended the house. Later lived in by Samuel Freeman and Captain Thomas Armstrong. Leased to Rev. James Bagge in 1840s and Edmund McSweeney in 1870s. Purchased by the nearby Ballinatray house who took off the roof of Templemichael house to avoid paying rates. Chimney stacks later sold. Outer walls of the house still standing and the front lawn was used by Stanley Kubrick for the duel scene in the film, Barry Lyndon.

2023, The Economic History Review

2023

This dissertation addresses the problem of the gentry in late medieval England and how this problem led to a unique moment of social opportunity during the fifteenth century. Modern scholars have struggled to develop a comprehensive definition of the gentry as a social group because members of the gentry themselves had difficulty articulating their social position. The fourteenth-century English nobility's method of social closure through the hereditary summons to Parliament effectively divided the kingdom's aristocracy. Forced out of this elite group, the knights, esquires, and gentleman were left to develop their own separate group identity. In this they failed. Any sense of kinship among them, that together they formed a gentle community with its own culture, was disrupted by that culture's overlap into other groups. The continued use of the term "gentle" to refer to characteristics that were associated with all elite ranks of society made it impossible for the gentry to achieve any positive distinctions as a social group. Unable to define themselves, the gentle ranks found it difficult to exclude newcomers, increasing the range and diversity of individuals who could claim to be part of the group. Texts on heraldry, conduct, hunting, hawking, and language indicate that multiple paths to gentility opened up during the fifteenth century in response to the gentry's failure at social closure. I argue that these texts demonstrate a contemporary recognition and acceptance of the v readings course enabled this project to span the boundary between medieval and early modern and to gain better perspective about why the gentry matters. Rudolph Bell's no-nonsense attitude inside and outside the classroom has grounded me at important moments. His comment at the end of my proposal defense, that I had packed into it a lifetime's worth of projects, stuck with me and helped me shape this thesis into a more manageable package. I am also indebted to my other teachers at Rutgers for treating me as an interesting and valuable academic colleague, and then shaping me into oneespecially Indrani Chatterjee,

2022, Studia Historica Slovenica

In the 19th century, the society of the Habsburg monarchy underwent a fundamental transformation. The changes associated with the year 1848 and the demise of the estate society also significantly affected the social position of businessmen. Their position before this date was not legally defined and prestige did not depend on their property, but on their place in the traditional ranking of the social hierarchy associated with the possession of burgher rights or the noble title. Their prestige began to grow after this date, mainly due to the ever closer cooperation with the state and growing political influence. In the new era, the noble title was not a prerequisite for belonging to the elite, but for many people it was still a symbol of prestige and many businessmen sought it. They saw in it a demonstration of their achievements and a fulcrum for the historical memory of their entire family.

2022, Ateliê Geográfico

Inúmeros projetos de “revitalização” ou de “renovação urbana” têm sido implementados em inúmeras cidades do mundo. Os resultados têm gerado o que os pesquisadores denominaram de gentrificação. Entretanto, há um intenso debate acerca da utilização desse termo, alguns criticando o seu uso indiscriminado e outros acreditando ser necessário complexificar o conceito. Este artigo se propõe a rediscutir as definições e o uso da expressão gentrificação. Além disso, partimos da hipótese de que a gentrificação não é um efeito colateral ou uma catástrofe natural; a gentrificação é planejada. Palavras-chave: Gentrificação. Metropolização. Revitalização. Espoliação. Turistificação

2022, Historický časopis

10 ty máme k dispozici pouze v případě pruska (viz výše). Z tohoto důvodu drewes zvolil metodu sondy. ta je sice vzhledem k rozsahu materiálu logická v případě Rakouska, ale překvapivá u pruska, které nobilitovalo jen tři své občany židovské víry a dvanáct konvertitů, jejichž nobilitační podklady se dají zpracovat během několika dnů. ve studii se tak objevují zbytečné nedostatky. např. u eduarda beita von speyer (1860-1933) drewes uvádí, že datum jeho konverze je neznámý a že se více informací nedozvěděl ani od jeho vnuka (s. 394). v beitově nobilitačním aktu se ovšem nachází opis z křestního listu, který datum eduardovy konverze stanovuje zcela jednoznačně. narodil se 22. 9. 1860 v Hamburku a pokřtěn byl tamtéž 10. 11. 1860 v chrámu sv. petra (Hauptkirche st. petri). in Geheimes staatsarchiv preußischer kulturbesitz. berlin; dahlem (dále Gsta),

2022

The thesis deals with the internal political history of Austria and Hungary in the second half of the nineteenth century, presenting it from the point of view of successors to the throne, Crown Prince Rudolf and the Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Este and Emperor Charles. The first section describes the "Austrian idea", i.e., factors uniting the monarchy. It is followed by an overview of plans to reorganize the Habsburg monarchy in the era. Attention is paid to the concepts of each personality and constitutionally embedded centralist and decentralist changes in government, proposed legal reforms and "proportional" solutions in the countries and regions of the monarchy. The other section portrays the political ideas of the successors to the throne. It emphasizes their education and the authority of their teachers and the persons who affected their political thinking. It recounts the ideas behind their political and governmental beliefs. In addition, it des...

2022, Studia Historica Slovenica

2022, HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE

The events of the mid-19th century marked a fundamental change for Central Europe, and the Austrian monarchy was no exception. Although the revolution of 1848 did not mean the permanent entrenchment of liberal changes (which did not occur until the adoption of the February Constitution in 1861), the changes associated with these events fundamentally changed the society of the empire. The end of the division of society and the introduction of equality before the law also significantly affected the social position of businessmen. Before 1848, their legal status was not defined and prestige depended primarily on the place on the traditional ranking of the social hierarchy, which was linked to the holding of a noble title or burgher rights. However, the year 1848 changed this situation and their prestige began to grow thanks to ever closer cooperation with the state and growing political influence. Since the change of the electoral rules to the Chamber of Deputies of the Austrian Imperial Council in 1873, businessmen have even had their own curia (chambers of commerce and trade). At this time, the aristocratic title was no longer a prerequisite for belonging to the elite, but it remained an external symbol of prestige and many businessmen sought it. They saw in it a depiction of their achievements and a fulcrum for the historical memory of their entire family. However, the path to it was not easy and in the case of businessmen it also differed significantly from other social groups of the monarchy.

2022, Сборник статей, посвященных Юрию Дмитриевичу Рыкову (1946-2020)

The ancestors of the Bunak family had been of Muscovite and Ruthenian origin and had served the Grand Princes of Moscow and Tsar Ivan IV. Three syny boiarskiie, the sons of an Ivan Bunak entered the service of the Polish King and the Grand Prince of Lithuania Sigismund II August in the early 1560s. In different periods they kept landholdings in Livonia, Volhynia. Eventually they settled in Samogitia where since then they and their descendants appeared in legal documents, mainly in the judicial books of the local gentry. This allows to reconstruct their kinship network, matrimonial choices, social mobility, patronage ties with local nobility.