Gulf Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

The SME sector nowadays plays an extremely important part in modern economy. Hence, SMEs are considered a way to bring improvement in terms of socio-economic development, respectively. This study aims to investigate the role of small and medium enterprises in providing jobs in Oman. It will also focus on the challenges facing SMEs. For this study, purposeful sampling methodology has been adopted. Using a well-defined questionnaire, 100 samples were collected from all over SMEs operated in Oman. The collected data are recorded, tabulated, and summarized. In addition, statistics of the Public Authority for Small and Medium Enterprises Development were mentioned. It indicates the number of registered SMEs from 2015 to 2019. In addition, the interview conducted with the Head of Auditors Services Department at the General Authority for Small and Medium Enterprises Development, to identify a clear perspective related to the topic of research that is aiming to determine the challenges facing small and medium enterprises in Oman. The findings suggest statistical study carried out at Oman level confirmed the previous theoretical results, as it highlighted the important contribution of small and medium enterprises in providing job opportunities, as the authorized category of workers in this type of institution constituted a large percentage of the total group employed.

2025, DENİZ ARAŞTIRMALARI VE MAVİ STRATEJİ DERGİSİ (DA&MS)

21. yüzyılda birçok devlet güvenlik politikalarına öncelik vererek meşruluklarını kabul ettirmeye çalışmışlardır. İran İslam Cumhuriyeti de, meşruluğunu kendi güvenlik politika anlayışıyla açıklamakta ve varlığını devam ettirmektedir. İran, sorunlarını çözerken bir yandan uluslararası hukuk kurallarını uygulamaya çalışırken, diğer yandan da sert güce baş vurma seçeneğini göz önünde bulundurarak güvenlik politikalarını oluşturmaktadır. Ancak oluşturulmuş bu güvenlik anlayışı 21. yüzyılda İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin ikilemini teşkil etmektedir. İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin güvenlik politikalarında en kritik konulardan biri olan Basra Körfezi’nin transit geçişi, İran için hayati bir nokta oluşturmaktadır. Basra Körfezi
ile ilgili bir diğer önemli husus ise; Hürmüz Boğazı’nın girişinde yer alan üç tartışmalı adanın hukuki statüsü ve jeopolitik konumudur. İran, Birleşik Arap Emirliği ile arasında egemenlik çatışması oluşmasına neden olan Abu Musa, Küçük Tunb ve Büyük Tunb adlı adaların aidiyeti için BAE’nin aksine gerekirse sert gücünü devreye sokacağını açıklamıştır. Böylece İran, uluslararası camiada kendisine ait olmadığı iddia edilen bu adalar üzerindeki iddialarından vazgeçmeyeceğini ifade etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, İran’ın söz konusu güvenlik ikilemine neden olan sebepler irdelenmiştir.

2025, Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos

Despite his often being maligned as a symbol of traditionalism, King 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud, remains an under-researched figure in Middle Eastern political history. This paper argues that, contrary to traditional perceptions, he was instrumental in setting the foundations of Saudi modernity. Indeed, his reign can be identified as a liminal phase, bridging the gap between the patriarchal state of his forefathers and the technopolitical structures consolidated by his successors. This study also highlights how these transformations predated the arrival of hydrocarbon-generated income and were directly linked to the consolidation of the king's bi-epochal political project

2025, self-published on Academia

This article examines the evolving nature of war diplomacy in the 21st century, highlighting Iran's recent notification to Qatar ahead of its missile strike on a U.S. base as a case of controlled escalation through diplomatic signaling. It draws on parallel examples from global conflicts and theoretical lenses like deterrence theory and backchannel diplomacy to argue that modern warfare is increasingly governed by a complex interplay between force and foresight. In this era, diplomacy does not disappear during war-it adapts, conceals, and negotiates under fire.

2025

As the Israel-Iran conflict intensifies, one of Iran’s long-standing strategic threats has resurfaced with renewed gravity: the potential closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Far from being a mere regional bluff, this threat targets the very arteries of the global economy, energy markets, and geopolitical stability. The Strait of Hormuz is not just a narrow waterway—it is a symbol of how vulnerable the world remains to the pressures of geography and conflict

2025, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society

Sustainability has a unique symbolic power in the contemporary political landscape, as ordinary people, governments and institutions grapple with the effects of the climate crisis. Proponents of megaprojects have tapped into the symbolic power by framing their initiatives as "green," however resource-intensive they might really be. This article illustrates how this works in the UAE through a case study of Expo City Dubai, the greenfield site developed for the World's Fair, Expo 2020, and then used to host the UN's COP28 climate negotiations in late 2023. At both events, sustainability's symbolic power was used to advertise the UAE's supposedly pro-environment credentials on a world stage, as well as to recruit investments in the Expo site's redevelopment as a new green technopole in Dubai-and in so doing legitimate Emirati leaders' ongoing commitment to megaprojects that are ultimately designed to continue and intensify the country's resource-intensive political economy.

2025

Could tensions in the Middle East be easing? U.S. President Donald Trump announced this morning a "total and complete" ceasefire between Iran and Israel. This comes on the heels of a dramatic escalation: Iran attacked a US air base in Qatar after Washington struck 3 key Iranian nuclear facilities, following a wave of Israeli bombardments.
This Breakfast Special unpacks the implications of the crisis. What ripple effects could reach Singapore and the wider region?
Dr. James M. Dorsey, Adjunct Senior Fellow at Nanyang Technological University’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, and Bhavan Jaipragas, Deputy Opinion Editor at The Straits Times, join the Breakfast Show to break it down.

2025, Journal of Arabian Studies

Journal of Arabian Studies is the only journal focusing on the Arabian Peninsula, its surrounding waters, and their connections with the Western Indian Ocean (from West India to East Africa), from Antiquity to the present day. It covers a wide range of topics, in all disciplines in the social sciences and the humanities. It presents the results of new observations and original research, providing authoritative information in an accessible way to appeal to the general reader as well as the specialist.

2025, Journal of Arabian Studies

Kuwait is an interesting case study of how a small state can deal with threats on both its external and domestic fronts. The article investigates whether and how a small state can draw on, borrow and retain the strength of a great power to prevail in a regional conflict. By studying the strategic and domestic environment of Kuwait, whose survival has been threatened on many occasions since its independence, this article concludes that asymmetric relationships, then use of diverse types of power, and the adoption of niche strategies that alleviate their inherent vulnerability, can effectively enhance their chances of survival. The article suggests that Neoclassical Realism is a fitting theoretical framework for this sort of conundrum: on the one hand, structural determinants are supplemented by intervening variables at the domestic level in explaining small states' behaviour; on the other, this framework is able to take account of the highly personalised politics of the Gulf monarchies.

2025

Hamas’ October 7, 2023, paradigm-shifting attack has prompted Israel to change its defense doctrine with devastating consequences for the Middle East.

2025, Cambridge Middle East and North Africa Forum

As confirmed by former President Trump, the U.S. was aware of Israel’s plans to strike Iran—yet stood aside. Israel’s action was not reckless but necessary, a response to years of failed diplomacy and Iranian deception. While the West debated and delayed, Tehran advanced its nuclear program and expanded its regional influence. This piece argues that Israel acted in the vacuum left by international inaction, enforcing red lines the world no longer had the will to defend.

2025, UNISA dissertations

The rapid pace with which internet technology has entered our daily lives provides an opportunity for English language teachers to incorporate some such platforms in their teaching. This study investigates the attitudes of Saudi Arabian learners towards online communication in EFL. It takes place in a university preparatory program at Taibah University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather data pertaining to the attitudes’ of Saudi Arabian learners to online communication in EFL. In order to achieve its aims, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to inform EFL practitioners of learners’ attitudes towards English, online communication in general and online communication for EFL purposes.

2025, Think Tank Journal

The article by Rayyan Ahmed "Oil Surges, Markets Shudder as Israel-Iran Clash Stokes Global Tensions" (https://rb.gy/6bwyka, June 14, 2025) examines the economic repercussions of escalating hostilities between Israel and Iran. With recent... more

2025, ASES X. International Social Sciences Congress, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University.

This study mainly examines an official report/document containing Barclay Raunkiaer's observations on diplomatic, military, and administrative issues in the Gulf region, along with the views and suggestions of the Governor of Basrah, and analyzes the regional position of the Ottoman Empire and its competition with rival powers. Before the First World War, the Ottoman Empire attempted to maintain its governance over the Gulf region while standing against the influence of the British Empire. In this context, the study reveals the challenges the Ottoman Empire encountered and the profound power struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire in the region.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

2025, Why the Iran Nuclear Talks Failed

As the world lays eyes on the Middle East again, years of mistrust between the USA, Iran, Israel, and other partners has made any negotiation impossible in the last few weeks. Israel and Iran have been striking each other this weekend in what looks to be an increasingly catastrophic open war that has been fermenting for decades. This brief paper will explain the history of the attempts at a nuclear deal with Iran. This paper will also explore the ramifications of failed diplomacy in itself and how the Iranian Nuclear Deal is a case study that will have consequences for global relations-particularly in nuclear proliferation and rival state diplomacy.

2025, L’organisation du culte musulman en France dans une perspective comparative

2025

By researcher and scholar ANAHI ALVISO-MARINO, director of Monumenting and curator of And then, they start to matter, presented at Contemporary Art Platform Gallery. Kuwait, April 28, 2025 What makes a monument become a monument ? In Monumenting ( 53' ), participants in a game-like protocol engage with this and other questions by guessing rather than asserting what they know. They take us to Dubai, Kuwait City, Abu Dhabi, and Sana'a -places where they live, have lived, or perhaps neither. Their kaleidoscopic exchanges produce a different kind of knowledge about the future of the past, about what monuments are, and what they could become.

2025

The recent understandings between the United States and Houthis to de-escalate tensions mark a significant shift in Washington’s approach toward a group, which was previously designated as a terrorist organization. This shift involves... more

2025, NERO Editions

Still (detail), The Falcon of Karachi, 2023Karachi, -2025. 16mm . 16mm film transferred to 4K video, colour, sound. Still © Elisa Caldana. Courtesy the artist. A conversation between Veronica Pecile and Elisa Caldana

2025, "The De Facto Statehood of Somaliland, Regional Integration, and International Engagement: Bridging the Gap between Recognition and Reality, Ambassador Abdihakim Ibrahim Hussein

Since declaring independence in 1991, Somaliland has functioned as a de facto state-exercising autonomous governance and maintaining peace-despite lacking formal international recognition. This paper explores Somaliland's security architecture, economic landscape, governance capacity, interregional and global relations, and its role as a magnet for foreign investment. Drawing on empirical data and recent developments, it evaluates how Somaliland builds institutional trust and capacity to shape its self-determined future amidst evolving geopolitics.

2025

In this paper, I propose to trace the chronology of an ongoing book project on the anthropology of affects in Kuwait that brings together ethnographic studies from undergraduate students, to reflect on the conditions and challenges of... more

2025

The role of the web in the precarization of female migrant workers is rarely discussed, and even less so in the Gulf countries. While the connective nature of mobility has reached consensus in the social sciences since the advent of new communication media, debates continue about the impact of the web on precarious migrant communities. Such is the case of a growing number of foreign women employed as domestic workers in the Gulf, who use the video-sharing application TikTok to voice their protests against their working conditions. As a result of the kafala system (sponsorship) which places them under the employer's authority, their living conditions and ability to express themselves are restricted. The resulting abuses are proportionally rooted in migration systems and labor laws that include, among other things the prohibition from resigning without the employer's consent, making it illegal to abandon their posts. Governments and diplomatic representatives justify their non-interventionist stance on the grounds that it is impossible to interfere in employers' privacy, realities that are being challenged by the emergence of digital practices. The particularity of these TikTok videos lies in their protest aspect, particularly when they challenge the stereotypes that these women are associated to. What they share on TikTok spans entertaining content to calls for help, sometimes in very creative ways. These videos are being denounced by diplomatic representatives, the local media and authorities, and several cases of imprisonment have already been recorded. Therefore, this phenomenon sheds light on new forms of body reappropriation, but also invites to understand the emergence of new forms of web-based surveillance. This paper is based on qualitative analysis of online content collected in 2021-2023, ethnographic fieldwork and 20 interviews conducted in Kuwait in 2022-2023 thanks to my integration into a local organization for the protection of housemaids.

2025

The organization of the Kuwaiti political system is conducive to the successive rise and fall of pluralistic social movements, writes the author. This brief is the third of four resulting from a May 2018 workshop held in Kuwait by the Baker Institute in partnership with the Alsalam Center for Strategic and Developmental Studies. This work is part of a two-year project funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York on “Building Pluralistic and Inclusive States Post-Arab Spring.”

2025, Handbook of Research on Migration, Covid-19 and Cities

In this newly published chapter, I offer a predictive explanation for the eroding stature of our cities' central business districts. Weaving through the long history of the urban form, I suggest we can understand the fate of cities in... more

2025

تشكل العلاقات الأمنية بين إسرائيل والصين محورًا حيويًا لفهم التحولات الجيوسياسية التي شهدها العالم بعد نهاية الحرب الباردة. فقد شهدت هذه الفترة إعادة ترتيب للتحالفات الدولية، حيث برزت قوى جديدة، وعلى رأسها الصين التي بدأت تتوسع نفوذها الاقتصادي والعسكري على الساحة العالمية، ما ألقى بظلاله على الاستراتيجيات الأمنية التقليدية، خاصة في مناطق حساسة مثل الشرق الأوسط (Smith, 2018).
تكتسب هذه الدراسة أهمية خاصة نظرًا لأن إسرائيل تعد حليفًا استراتيجيًا رئيسيًا للولايات المتحدة في الشرق الأوسط، حيث تمتلك علاقة أمنية وعسكرية متينة معها. في الوقت نفسه، سعت إسرائيل إلى توسيع علاقاتها مع الصين، مستفيدة من الإمكانيات التقنية والعسكرية التي توفرها، ما خلق نوعًا من التوتر والتناقض بين هذه الأطراف الثلاثة (Jones, 2020). من هنا، تبرز إشكالية البحث المركزية: كيف أثرت العلاقات الأمنية بين إسرائيل والصين على الشراكة الاستراتيجية بين إسرائيل والولايات المتحدة؟

2025, ISHPSSB Newsletter

Matthias Determann is Associate Professor at the Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar, he studied history and Arabic in Vienna University and earned a Ph.D. from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. Recently, he edited a book titled Islamic Theology and Extraterrestrial Life (Bloomsbury, 2024), which highlights attitudes and interests from an Islamic perspective towards recent developments in astronomy and astrobiology, that touch upon issues that might be interesting for other members of ISHPSSB. Also, among his previous works, other one that might well be an obligated lecture is Researching Biology and Evolution in the Gulf States (Bloomsbury, 2015). Given our Society's aim to expand its reach and to diversify our membership and interests, we deemed showcasing the work of Matthias was a good opportunity to contritute to that goal.

2025, book

The Fundamental Institutions of Capitalism 'This is a very important and well-researched book. It is a major attempt to address some serious analytical problems concerning the nature of the world in which we live. Its major contribution lies in its conceptual analysis of fundamental economic structures and relations of the modern world. Few other authors have addressed these issues in such depth as Screpanti. In this respect and more, it is a very welcome contribution. Its particular value lies in its detailed analysis of legal contracts, human agency and power relationships. Screpanti's contribution is to open up much of this territory. Appropriately, a wide range of material, from the work of Marxists, institutional economists, behavioural economists and other social theorists, is drawn upon. The book penetrates into areas where few other authors have ventured to explore.

2025

Du 15 fevrier au 28 mars 1996, la foire commerciale de Doubai a attire pres de 1,6 millions de visiteurs, generant un chiffre d'affaires de 2,6 milliards de dirhams (environ 708 millions de dollars). Une etude du Economic Department of Dubai evalue a plus de 306 000 les visiteurs etrangers, 21 % (64 000) venant des pays du Conseil de cooperation du Golfe, 6 % (18 000) de l'ex-Union sovietique, 26 % (80 000) des pays occidentaux et le reste des autres pays arabes, africains et asiatiques. S'il fallait, au-dela de cet evenement deja paradigmatique, illustrer l'accession de Doubai au statut de comptoir commercial permettant l'approvisionnement non seulement de son environnement regional mais egalement des anciennes republiques sovietiques, de l'Asie proche et de l'Afrique, on devrait citer les chiffres des reexportations en notant leur forte croissance depuis ces dernieres annees : 2,450 milliards US en 1992, 2,900 en 1994, 3,560 en 1995 et sans doute pres d...

2025, Noon

خصت الأستاذة حنان زلواني ادريسي أمريكية ذات أصول مغربية مختصة في شؤون المجتمع المدني بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، مجلة نون الإلكترونية بمقال تحليلي للظاهرة الترامبية )ترامب( التي أثارت الجدل عبر العالم، بسبب الإجراءات التي اتخذها رئيس... more

خصت الأستاذة حنان زلواني ادريسي أمريكية ذات أصول مغربية مختصة في شؤون المجتمع
المدني بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، مجلة نون الإلكترونية بمقال تحليلي للظاهرة الترامبية
)ترامب( التي أثارت الجدل عبر العالم، بسبب الإجراءات التي اتخذها رئيس أمريكا الجديد ضد
الجاليات والمسلمين ببلاد العم سام.

2025, Osmanlı Araştırmaları

One of the most important cities of Iraq on the eastern border of the Ottoman Empire was the province of Basra, where international trade was active and which could also be considered as a gateway to India. Basra was also of high importance for the United States of America because it was the trade centre of the East and the gateway to the South Asian market, and because of the presence of oil in the neighbouring province of Khuzestan. In the vacuum created by the Ottoman Empire’s loss of power in the region in the 19th century, America, which wanted to create an area of dominance for itself, carried out activities here. Accordingly, the Arabian Mission, founded by American Protestant missionaries at the end of the 19th century, established a station in Basra, which was identified as its first target for education and health activities. In 1911, it opened a hospital in Basra under the name of Lansing Memorial, and Protestant doctors and nurses affiliated with the Arabian Mission started to serve there. This study focuses on the activities of the Arabian Mission in Basra starting from the end of the 19th century. The primary sources of this research are the documents of the Ottoman Archives and the publications of the Arabian Mission, while literature on the Arabian Mission has also been used.

2025, La península Arábiga e Irán ante la cuestión palestina

This chapter examines Qatar’s evolving role as a defender and mediator in the Palestinian question, tracing its foreign policy from the 1995 rise of Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani to the ongoing Gaza war following the October 7, 2023, attacks. Leveraging soft power tools—such as Al Jazeera’s influential media coverage and substantial humanitarian aid to Gaza—Qatar has positioned itself as a key advocate for Palestinian rights, emphasizing self-determination, refugee return, and resistance to occupation. The chapter analyzes Qatar’s mediation efforts, including its attempts to reconcile Fatah and Hamas (e.g., the 2012 Doha Agreement) and its pragmatic engagement with Hamas and Israel, notably facilitating ceasefires like the November 2023 hostage exchange. It also critiques Qatar’s opposition to the Abraham Accords, highlighting its commitment to the Arab Peace Initiative. Despite challenges, including regional rivalries and Israel’s campaigns against its mediation role, Qatar’s strategic diplomacy, underpinned by economic wealth and neutral positioning, has amplified its influence in Middle Eastern geopolitics, though internal Palestinian divisions remain a significant obstacle.

2025, Kenya’s Engagement with Somaliland: Contradictions and Regional Implications

The inauguration of a Somaliland liaison office in Nairobi in May 2025 has reignited debates over the coherence of Kenya’s foreign policy toward the Horn of Africa, and in particular, its stance on Somali sovereignty. Somaliland, a self-declared republic that unilaterally broke away from Somalia in 1991, has long sought international recognition. The opening of this office was heralded by Somaliland officials as a milestone in expanding its diplomatic footprint. Kenya, however, was quick to downplay the event, insisting that the liaison office does not confer diplomatic status and reiterating its formal recognition of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) as the sole legitimate authority over Somali territory.

2025, ENIS Spring School ’25

This keynote speech explores imaginations of the future in modern and contemporary Muslim societies. It takes as its starting point the urban futurism represented by ambitious buildings such as the Mukaab in Riyadh and the Museum of the Future in Dubai. From the prominent futuristic architecture of the Gulf region, I will move into lesser known areas of science fiction, including digital collages from Syria, video games from Iran, and plays from Egypt. I will also cover texts by new religious movements that creatively combine Islamic scriptures with space age mythology. I will relate the various visions in these works to political and religious factors, including repression, resistance and readings of the Qur’an. I will conclude by highlighting further projects of Islamic world building in the formats of short stories and novels. With generative artificial intelligence and electronic publishing platforms becoming widely accessible, I expect that new forms of Muslim futurism will develop rapidly in the years to come.

2025, Equidem

This brief exposes the systemic abuse faced by food delivery riders and data workers—such as content moderators and data labellers—who are hired through third-party logistics (3PL) and outsourcing (BPO) firms. Drawing on interviews with... more

2025, Histoire sociale/Social history

2025, Sana'a Center for Strategic Studies

Cover photo: Tribesmen and Yemeni army forces stationed on the frontlines near Al-Jadafer village in Marib, along the governorate's border with Al-Jawf, on September 6, 2020 // Sana'a Center photo by Ali Owidha. The Sana'a Center for Strategic Studies is an independent think-tank that seeks to foster change through knowledge production with a focus on Yemen and the surrounding region. The Center' s publications and programs, offered in both Arabic and English, cover political, social, economic and security related developments, aiming to impact policy locally, regionally, and internationally.

2025

A Strategic Asset, Not Just a Machine Unveiled in the presence of His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Stargate represents one of the most powerful sovereign AI infrastructures in the world. Built in the heart of Abu Dhabi's Artificial Intelligence Complex, the system already boasts a compute capacity of 1 ExaFLOP, scalable to 5, making it one of the top three non-government compute clusters globally. Unlike cloud-based solutions offered by tech giants, Stargate offers the UAE full-stack controldata, model training, cloud infrastructure, and AI governance. In a world marked by fragmented regulation and escalating digital competition, this move represents a bold investment in technological sovereignty.

2025, journal of Sharia and Islamic Studies

The present study aims to assess the role of Islamic fatwas at the state of Qatar on the moral commitment of a sample of Qatar university employees (faculty and staff) during the time of COVID-19. In order to achieve this aim and answer the questions of the study, an e-questionnaire was developed, validated by a group of experts, and administered on a representative sample of the population of the study (n =244). The study explained in brief the role of religion with regard to pandemics in addition to an analysis of the different types of fatwas such as medical, ritual and social fatwas issued during the time of the pandemic and their authorities in the state of Qatar. For quantitative data, the descriptive statistics approach was employed in the study, using SPSS-28, while content analysis was applied to the qualitative data collected in response to the open-ended question in the questionnaire. Results showed that fatwas played a vital role in reinforcing many moral values although other values were badly affected by the outbreak of the pandemic. Recommendations and suggestions are presented at the end of the research.
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على استجابة الفتاوى الدينية حول جائحة كورونا للتحديات وآثار القضية على منظومة القيم من حيث الالتزام المجتمعي تجاه الجائحة و التعرف على مدى الاستجابة المجتمعية لهذه الفتاوى، وأثرها في بناء المواطنة الصالحة وقياس الإسهام الديني في التوعية الطبية والانسجام المجتمعي. لتحقيق هذه الأهداف والإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة، تم تطبيق استبانة من تصميم الباحثين على عينة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس والموظفين بجامعة قطر خلال العام الجامعي 2022-2023 قدرها 234 فردا وذلك بعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها ( حيث بلغ معامل الثبات بطريقة الفا كرونباخ 0.885). بعد جمع البيانات وتحليها تم التوصل الى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: (90%) من أفراد العينة أخذو اللقاح، وأن (63%) يعتبرون أخذ اللقاح واجب شرعي، وأن أهم مصدر للحصول على المعلومات كانت نشرات وزارة الصحة القطرية (48%). أما من حيث متابعة الفتاوي، فقد اتضح أن 59% من أفراد العينة اطلعوا او استمعوا للفتاوي الدينية المتعلقة بكورونا. وكانت من اهم الجهات التي تم التردد على فتاويها والاستماع لها هي على الترتيب: فتاوي العلماء المشهورين (49%) ثم جهات الفتوى الرسمية الصادرة عن وزرارة الوقاف بدولة قطر(41%)، اتحاد علماء المسلمين (21%) ثم اسلام ويب (15%)، ومجمع الفقه الإسلامي التابع لمنظمة التعاون الإسلامي (7%). كما يرى أفراد العينة بان معدل استجابة جهات الفتوى لمستجدات البحث الطبي حول كورونا بلغ 51%، وبلغ معدل الالتزام بالفتاوي الصادرة عن الجهات الدينية المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا 75%. كما وجد أن (77%) من أفراد العينة وافقوا على الإجراءات الاحترازية المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا وأن معدل للالتزام بالإجراءات الاحترازية أثناء جائحة كورونا بلغ ( 90%)، أيضا يعتقد (65%) من أفراد العينة يانه كان لهم دور في مواجهة الجائحة، من حيث التوعية بخطورة المرض وانتشاره أو المساهمة بالعمل الإنساني داخل وخارج قطر. كما يعتقد (65%) أن مرض كورونا عقوبة من الله بسبب افساد الإنسان، كما كان لدى افراد العينة اتجاها إيجابيا نحو تحسين كورونا لعلاقة المسلمين بأرحامهم بلغ (64%) وحسن من علاقتهم ببعضهم البعض ومن علاقة الناس ببعضهم (61% و 56% على التوالي). وفي نهاية البحث توجد مجموعة من التوصيات مرتبطة بالنتائج.

2025, Journal of Arabian Studies

This article celebrates the life and scholarship of Sulayman Najm Khalaf (1946-2023), Syria's first social anthropologist who made important contributions to the fields of Gulf and Syrian Studies, as well as Intangible Heritage. It traces his life's journey from a Bedouin upbringing in the Euphrates Valley to a pioneering scholar of Syria and the Gulf. It highlights his contributions to the study of society and tribal politics in rural Syria and the impact of oil wealth on the Gulf Arab states-on Gulf citizens, cities, heritage, identity-and the lives of migrant labourers who work there. It emphasises his ethnographic rigour and theoretical innovation in the study of social change and modernity. It concludes by assessing his enduring legacy for Middle Eastern anthropology and the academic communities he cultivated.

2025, Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Background: Health workforce migration (HWM) is a long-standing and increasing phenomenon in low and middle-income countries. If adequately managed, mobility and migration of health workforce from these countries facing health worker shortages can strengthen their health systems and widen equities. Objectives: This scoping review aimed to understand the reasons for and approaches to managing HWM in Iran which could have potential applications in other contexts. Methods: The inclusion criteria of this scoping review consisted of studies reporting HWM in Iran. In November 2023, PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran were searched. Searches were limited to Persian and English reports published without a time limitation. We followed the PRISMA protocol for scoping reviews. Data were extracted and charted. Results: Searches identified 5,661 articles. A total of 40 original articles met the inclusion criteria and were included after the screening. Overarching themes related to the review questions were: (1) Reasons for health workforce mobility and migration (three themes including Governance, Social domain, and Social scope), and (2) strategies to address HWM at the national level (three themes including Governance-structural strategies, Educational and academic strategies, Individual-social strategies). Conclusion: HWM is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon often driven by a range of push and pull factors at the individual, institutional, community, and policy levels. This research can serve as a foundation for future work aiming to implement interventions to minimize the negative consequences of HWM and promote workforce sustainability in Iran or other developing countries.

2025

Trump’s Middle East Marathon:
Diplomacy or a Power Spectacle?