Gulf of Finland Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Региональная геология и металлогения (Regional'naya Geologiya i Metallogeniya / Regional Geology and Metallogeny)

В статье представлены результаты геолого-геоморфологических и геоархеологических исследований, выполненных в 2011–2022 гг. в Нарвско-Лужской предглинтовой низменности (побережье Нарвского залива, Балтийское море). Детальные геолого-геофизические исследования с применением георадарного профилирования, неглубокого бурения, изучения естественных и техногенных обнажений, гранулометрического анализа и датирования методом оптически стимулированной люминесценции позволили выявить ранее неизвестное аккумулятивное образование — Куземкинскую палеоформу. Анализ полученных полевых материалов и лабораторных анализов совместно с цифровой моделью рельефа показал, что данная аккумулятивная форма представляет собой останец флювиогляциальной дельты, сформировавшейся на этапе отступания ледника от стадии Пандивере. В голоцене переработка отложений флювиогляциальной дельты водами Анцилового озера и Литоринового моря привела к формированию крупнейшей в регионе прибрежной барьерной формы — Кудрукюльской палеокосы — и образованию крупной лагунной системы. В период после максимума литориновой трансгрессии Куземкинская палеоформа стала активно заселяться древним человеком, о чем свидетельствуют обнаруженные здесь долговременные стоянки эпохи раннего неолита. (The paper presents results of geological, geomorphological, and geoarchaeological studies in the Narva-Luga Klint Bay (the Narva Bay coast, the Baltic Sea) in 2011–2022. Detailed geological and geophysical studies using ground-penetrating radar profiling, handle drilling, outcrop exploration, grain size analysis, and optically stimulated luminescence identified the previously unknown accumulative landform — Kuzemkino palaeospit. Analysis of the obtained field and laboratory materials and the digital relief model revealed that the identified accumulative form is a remnant of a fluvioglacial delta formed during the Pandivere glacier retreat. In the Holocene, the fluvioglacial delta sediments reworking by the waters of the Ancylus Lake and Littorina Sea led to form the largest coastal barrier form in the region — the Kudruküla palaeospit as well as a large lagoon system. In the period after the Littorina transgression maximum, ancient man began to actively populate the accumulative landform Kuzemkino palaeospit, as evidenced by the discovery of long-term Neolithic sites there.)

2025, Annals of Glaciology

The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed brackish water basin where sea ice occurs annually. The sea-ice study discussed here was conducted as a Finnish-Japanese cooperative research programme entitled "Ice Climatology of the Okhotsk and Baltic Seas’’ to investigate the structure and properties of the brackish ice in the Baltic Sea. Ice, snow and water samples were collected at Santala Bay, near the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, once a week from 20 January to 12 April 1999. The salinity and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of the samples were measured. The ice samples were analyzed stratigraphically. The ice was composed of a granular upper layer, occupying approximately one-third of the entire ice thickness, and underlying columnar ice toward the bottom. The crystallography structure and δ18O values reveal that the granular ice consisted of two layers with different origins, i.e. snow ice and superimposed ice. The fraction of snow relative to the total thickness was estimated. The ...

2025, Пространственная структура мезолитических стоянок Малоокуловская 3 и Малое Окулово 19 в Нижнем Поочье

В статье обсуждаются особенности пространственной структуры мезолитических стоянок Малоокуловская 3 и Малое Окулово 19, расположенных в Нижнем Поочье. Стоянки были полностью исследованы раскопками в 2021 г. с использованием единой полевой методики в ходе охранно-спасательных работ. Стоянки Малоокуловская 3 и Малое Окулово 19 относятся к кругу постсвидерских памятников мезолита Восточно-Европейской равнины. Их каменный инвентарь имеет сходный типологический облик. Использование инструментов ГИС позволило провести сравнительный анализ объектов различной степени сохранности и прийти к выводу о высокой степени сходства пространственной организации стоянок Малоокуловская 3 и Малое Окулово 19.

2025

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the nature and drivers of the abrupt environmental shift at the onset of the Younger Dryas. The goal of this study is to identify key parameters that characterize the Allerød-Younger Dryas boundary, 12.9-12.8 ka in sedimentary sections, and are representative of broader paleobasin dynamics in the eastern Baltic region. Two new Late Glacial sediment archives, the Kulikovo and Sambian, provide data on this time interval. Geochronological and lithological (grain size and loss on ignition) analyses of the sequences indicate a change in sedimentation during 12.9-12.8 ka, which is manifested by a peak of terrigenous, coarser-grained material and an accompanying peak of organic matter in sediments. A review of the published data shows that this lithological situation is also characteristic of other paleobasins in the eastern Baltic region and beyond for layers dated to the onset of the Younger Dryas. This probably indicates an environmental event that caused a short-term increased input and deposition of organic matter, accompanied by a surge in erosional processes. The environmental shift triggered by the event is also recorded in a remarkable drop in pollen concentration and species diversity in the overlying layer. The sediment horizon in Late Glacial (Allerød-Younger Dryas) sequences corresponding to these parameters can be considered an important and reliable geochronological marker of the 12.9-12.8 ka interval. The organic-rich layer in the Kulikovo section, as well as other similar layers in the Baltic, can be considered a "black mat" phenomenon related to the onset of the Younger Dryas.

2025, Hydrobiologia

We review the patterns of recent range expansions and the biology of the invasive Ponto-Caspian predatory onychopod cladocerans: Cercopagis pengoi, Evadne anonyx, Podonevadne trigona, Cornigerius maeoticus and Cornigerius bicornis. Recent invasions of C. pengoi, E. anonyx and C. maeoticus into the Baltic Sea can be attributed to the climate change, facilitating invasibility of the eastern Baltic Sea coastal ecosystems by the warm water Ponto-Caspian species and intensive shipping activities via the Volga-Baltic waterway (European ''northern invasion corridor''). All three species can be considered to be established in pelagic communities of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Only one onychopod species, C. pengoi has invaded the North American Great Lakes via an existing invasion corridor between the eastern Baltic and the Great Lakes. Invasive onychopods may possess adaptive life cycles, switching to early gamogenetic reproduction which enables their establishment in recipient ecosystems and further dispersal. Analysis of temperature and salinity ranges of the Ponto-Caspian onychopod species in native and invaded habitats, indicates that they are potentially able to form populations in a wide range of inland and coastal water ecosystems in temperate zones. Ponto-Caspian onychopods can be considered as ''high risk'' invasive species, in terms of their potential for range expansion and impact on recipient ecosystems.

2025, Археологические открытия. 2021 год / Отв. ред. Н. В. Лопатин. – М.: Институт археологии РАН

В статье изложены предварительные результаты раскопок стоянок Малое Окулово 19 (мезолит) и Малое Окулово 10 (бронзовый век, ранний железный век), расположенных в Навашинском г.о. Нижегородской области, в рамках проекта по строительству... more

2025, Археологические открытия. 2021 год / Отв. ред. Н. В. Лопатин. – М.: Институт археологии РАН

Статья вводит в научный оборот материалы нового археологического памятника эпохи неолита на п-ве Камчатка - стоянка Сельдевая 1.

2025

The deterioration of surface waters is one of the most important issues in the environmental management of the European Union. Thus, the EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) requires "good ecological and chemical status" of surface waters by 2015 allowing only a slight departure from ecological reference conditions characterized by the biological communities typical for the conditions of minimal anthropogenic impact. The WFD requires the determination of ecological reference conditions and the present ecological status of surface waters. To meet this legislative demand, sedimentary diatom assemblages were used in these studies with various methods 1) to assess natural and human activity induced environmental changes, 2) to characterize background conditions 3) to evaluate the present ecological status and 4) to predict the future of the water bodies in the light of palaeolimnological data. As the WFD refers to all surface waters, both coastal and inland sites were included. Two long and two short sediment cores from the Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea were examined for their siliceous microfossils in order to assess (1) the Holocene palaeoenvironmental history and (2) the recent eutrophication of the area. The diatom record was divided into local diatom assemblage zones (LDAZ, long cores) and diatom assemblage zones (DAZ, short cores). Locally weighted weighted averaging regression and calibration (LWWA) was applied for the quantitative reconstruction of past TN concentrations (short cores). An age model for the long cores was constructed by using independent palaeomagnetic and AMS-14 C methods. The short cores were dated using radiometric ( 210 Pb, 226 Ra and 137 Cs) methods. The long cores date back to the early history of the Archipelago Sea, which was freshwater -no salinity increase referable to the brackish phase of the Yoldia Sea is recognized. The nutrient status of the lacustrine phase was slightly higher in the Archipelago Sea than in the Baltic Proper. Initial brackish-water influence is observed at 8 150 ±80 cal. BP (LDAZ4), but fully brackish conditions were established at 7 700 ±80 cal. BP (LDAZ5). The diatom assemblages indicate increasing salinity, warming climate and possible eutrophic conditions during the lacustrine to brackish-water transition. The decreasing abundance of Pseudosolenia calcar-avis (Schultze) Sundström and the increasing abundance of the ice-cover indicator species Pauliella taeniata (Grunow) Round and Basson indicate decreasing salinity and climatic cooling after ca. 5 000 cal. BP. Signs of eutrophication are visible in the most recent diatom assemblage zones of both short cores. Diatom-inferred total nitrogen (DI-TN) reconstructions partially fail to trace the actual measured total nitrogen concentrations especially from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s. This is most likely due to the dominating diatom species Pauliella taeniata, Thalassiosira levanderi Van Goor and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) W. Krieger being more influenced by factors such as the length of the ice-season rather than nutrient concentrations. It is concluded that the diatom assemblages of the study sites are principally governed by climate fluctuations, with a slight influence of eutrophication visible in the most recent sediments. There are indications that global warming, with reduced

2025

2025, Региональная геология и металлогения (Regional'naya Geologiya i Metallogeniya / Regional Geology and Metallogeny)

Разработана и апробирована методика составления межрегиональных корреляционных стратиграфических схем для области перехода «суша–море» в пределах Российской Арктики. Методика включает сопоставление результатов сейсмопрофилирования методом отраженных волн общей глубинной точки, данных о геологическом строении, лито-биостратиграфических данных по морским скважинам и прилегающей суше, результатов геологосъемочных работ по островам и архипелагам, а также сведений по обнажениям и бурению в береговой зоне. Для уточнения представлений о площадном распространении отложений были построены единые палеогеографические карты территории Российской Арктики для некоторых отделов систем фанерозоя. С использованием ГИС технологий разработаны единые схемы районирования. Межрегиональные корреляционные стратиграфические схемы составлены на основе выделенных структурно-формационных подразделений. В процессе подготовки была использована современная Общая стратиграфическая шкала и учтены актуализированные и новые стратиграфические данные. Результаты проведенных исследований имеют практическое значение для картосоставительских работ, продолжающихся в Российской Арктике, и для корреляции подразделений — Северо-Карско-Баренцевоморской, Южно-Карской, Лаптево-Сибироморской, Чукотской, Таймырско-Североземельской и Океанской серийных легенд листов Государственной геологической карты масштаба 1 : 1 000 000. Создание единого комплекта, включающего сопоставление био-литостратиграфических данных, датировок и сейсмогоризонтов, имеет важное значение для Российской Арктики в связи с недостаточной изученностью геологического строения акваториальной части и высоким нефтегазовым потенциалом региона в целом. (The authors developed and tested a methodology for compiling interregional stratigraphic correlation schemes for the land-sea transition area of the Russian Arctic. The methodology combines seismic profiling results obtained with the common depth point seismic reflection method, geological structure data, litho-biostratigraphic data on offshore and onshore boreholes, geological survey results on islands and archipelagos, as well as information on outcrops and drilling in the coastal zone. To clarify the ideas about the areal sedimentation, the unified palaeogeographic maps of the Russian Arctic are created for subdivisions of the Phanerozoic systems. GIS technologies contributed to compiling new unified structural-facies zoning maps. Interregional stratigraphic correlation schemes are based on developed new zoning maps. The work was based on the modern General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia as well as updated and new stratigraphy data. The results obtained are of practical value for ongoing mapping works in the Russian Arctic and correlation of the subdivisions within the area of the Northern Kara Sea — Barents Sea, Southern Kara Sea, Laptev Sea — Siberian Sea, Chukotka, Taimyr — Severnaya Zemlya, and Ocean legends to series of State geological maps (scale of 1 : 1,000,000). The creation of a unite set including the combination of bio-lithostratigraphic data, dating of rocks and seismic horizons is important due to the insufficient knowledge on the geological structure of the offshore area of the Russian Arctic and the high oil and gas potential of the region as a whole.)

2025, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

Dry weight (DW), ignition loss (IL) and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the sediment surface layer (0 to 10 cm, 1 cm slices) were analyzed from 20 sites in the eastern Gulf of Finland. The distance of the sampling sites from the mouth of the River Neva explained the nutrient concentrations of Ihc sediments well, while the effect of water depth was negligible. The increase of TN and the decrease of TP along the transect from the river mouth towwds the open Gulf were caused by the diminishing share of allochthonous material supplied from the River Neva. The mean TN concentration of the different accumulation areas w~Ls about 40 % higher in the sediment surlhce than in the deeper layer (9 to I0 cm). The corresponding difference for TP varied fi-om 53 to 56 e/,. The results suggest considerable netflux of nutrients from sediment to v,,ater. The net sediment accumulation of nutrients were estimated as 6.0 g m 2 a t of N and 1.7 g m '~ a t of P corresponding 22 000 t a ~ of N and 6 100 t a l of P for the whole eastern Gulf.

2025, Journal of Marine Systems

The ecosystem of the Gulf of Finland is currently dominated by internal phosphorus loading from sediments. The internal load is highly redox sensitive, and its successful modelling on basin-wide scale requires a simplified description of the sediment process. We present here an approach in which redox-sensitive sediment processes are directly linked to the decomposition of carbon instead of the oxygen concentration in near-bottom water. Mineralisation of organic carbon is known to be the major factor controlling sediment nutrient cycling, including denitrification and Fe(III) oxide reduction, giving rise to high phosphorus fluxes from anoxic sediments. Our sediment process description requires only four main parameters, which are here identified by using in situ CO 2 , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) flux measurements carried out by Göteborg University landers. The model was tested with the aid of time series of denitrification and DIP flux rates measured in the western Gulf of Finland. Modelled near-bottom and surface nutrient concentrations were compared with monitoring data from both the eastern and western Gulf of Finland. The model simulations showed that the average net ecosystem production entering the sediment surface from the euphotic layer was 49 g C m -2 a -1 . This organic load induced an average denitrification rate of 2.5 g N m -2 a -1 and DIP flux of 0.67 g P m -2 a -1 , corresponding to 20,200 t P a -1 for the whole Gulf of Finland. The model was able to describe the seasonality of denitrification and sediment DIP flux with high precision. Further, the modelled near-bottom and surface nutrient concentrations were compatible with the available data. The results indicate that, on the scales important for coastal and open sea conditions, our simple sediment process description works well. The new tool will help us to use 3D models to study the effects of external load on the production and decomposition of organic matter, and on subsequent benthic nutrient fluxes.

2025, Journal of Environmental Quality

Algal-available phosphorus (P aa ) in river water and wastewater entering the Gulf of Finland (a Baltic Sea sub-basin) was estimated by a fresh-water and a brackish-water modifi cation of the dual-culture algal assay. Th e assay results were further related to those obtained by routine chemical analyses. According to the brackish-water assay, an average of 44% (range, 9-88%) of total phosphorus (TP) in water samples from the Neva, Kymijoki, and Narva rivers consisted of P aa , whereas the mean value given by the fresh-water assay was 22% (range, 0-48%). Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, which was used as the test alga in the brackish-water assay, had higher phosphoesterase activity and P affi nity than did Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Korschikov, which was used in the fresh-water assay. Th is diff erence may explain the higher values of P aa shown by the brackish-water assay. Of the analytical P forms, total dissolved P best approximated, yet underestimated, the P aa in river water samples. As for the biologically purifi ed wastewaters of the city of St. Petersburg, both assays suggested that about 80% of TP (range, 59-103%) was available. Th at the assays gave similar results was probably due to the fact that most of the P in the wastewater samples was in the form of readily available dissolved reactive P. In untreated urban wastewaters, the mean proportion of P aa in TP was 46% (range, 19-76%). Although the true P aa may not be obtained by any assay, our fi ndings corroborate the view that severe underestimation may occur if the test conditions are suboptimal for the release and uptake of P.

2025, Hydrobiologia

The relationships between P and components binding P were studied by analysing the concentrations of N, P, Fe, Mn, Ca and Al in sediments and pore water along the estuarine transect of the River Neva in August 1995. The high sediment organic matter concentration resulted in low surface redox potential and high pore-water o-P concentration, whereas the abundance of amphipods resulted in high surface redox potentials and low pore-water o-P concentration. However, despite the variation in sediment organic matter and the abundance of amphipods, very reduced conditions and slightly variable concentrations of Tot-P (0.7-1.1 mg g -1 DW) were observed in the 10-15 cm sediment depth along the estuarine gradient, indicating that the pools of mobile P were largely depleted within the depth of 0-15 cm. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that organic matter and Tot-Fe concentration of the sediment were closely related to the variation in Tot-P concentration of the sediments (r 2 = 0.817, n = 32). In addition, the high total Fe:P ratio suggested that there is enough Fe to bind P in sediments along the estuarine gradient. However, low Fe diss concentrations in the pore water of reduced sediment (redox-potential <-50 mV) indicated efficient precipitation of FeS (FeS and FeS 2 ), incapable to efficiently bind P. Consequently, the low Fe diss :o-P ratio (< 1) recorded in pore water in late summer implied that Fe 3+ oxides formed by diffusing Fe diss in the oxic zone of the sediments were insufficient to bind the diffusing o-P completely. The measured high o-P concentrations in the near-bottom water are consistent with this conclusion. However, there was enough Fe diss in pore water to form Fe 3+ oxides to bind upwards diffusing P in the oxic sediment layer of the innermost Neva estuary and the areas bioturbated by abundant amphipods.

2025, Marine Biology

Suspension-feeding bivalves are organisms of major functional importance in several aquatic environments around the world. They are also important food items for many fish and benthivorous seabirds. It has commonly been thought that predation pressure on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) populations is negligible in the Baltic Sea, owing to the scarcity of major invertebrate predators such as starfish and crabs. It has recently been shown, however, that the blue mussel is the main food item for roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the archipelago areas of the western Gulf of Finland, where this freshwater fish species has become increasingly abundant, mainly due to increased eutrophication. To quantify the influence of roach predation on blue mussel populations we measured the standing biomass and size structure of the local blue mussel population and used a bioenergetic model to estimate mussel consumption by individual roach during two consecutive summers, 1997 and 1998. The results of the model were combined with existing data on roach abundance, giving annual consumption estimates of 75-105 kg blue mussel dry weight ha À1 in the study area, approximately two-thirds of these consumed mussels being >10 mm. This corresponds to approximately one-third of the standing population of mussels >10 mm in the area. Our results suggest that the predation effects of vertebrates on Baltic blue mussel populations are not insignificant, as previously believed. Predation by roach and other predators may have an important structuring effect on unstable blue mussel communities within the Gulf of Finland, where the species lives at the edge of its range.

2025, Marine Ecology Progress Series

Baltic Sea phytoplankton responses during N 2 -fixing cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by Nodularia spp., Aphanizomenon sp., and Anabaena spp., were studied using nutrient enrichment experiments. Nitrogen fixation, phytoplankton growth, primary productivity, and phytoplankton species' responses were investigated in areas representing open Baltic Sea water and Gulf of Finland water. Responses to additions of N, P, Fe, and the organic chelator EDTA were studied. Phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were N, P, or N+P-limited. Phosphorus limitation was more prominent at the Gulf of Finland sites, where the dissolved inorganic-nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio was >16:1 during the study period. At the open sea sites, with DIN:DIP ratio <16:1, N limitation or N+P co-limitation prevailed. Phosphorus consistently stimulated N 2 fixation, and at times N 2 fixation and total N had a linear relationship with the initial PO 4 3concentration added. At other times, the relationship was not clear, suggesting other limitations or controls for N 2 fixation. Occasionally, EDTA increased N 2 fixation, but Fe addition did not show a significant impact on phytoplankton biomass, productivity, or N 2 fixation. The chlorophyte Monoraphidium sp., diatom Nitzschia spp., and small flagellates (7.5 to 10 µm) were among the species that exhibited the fastest growth responses under replenishment of the limiting nutrient. The results suggest that high N availability, in relation to P, in the coastal areas in the Gulf of Finland acts to reduce the relative abundance of N 2fixing organisms. Phosphorus inputs into the upper-mixed layer in the open sea during bloom periods stimulate N 2 fixation, and act to maintain the cyanobacterial blooms.

2025, Marine Ecology Progress Series

2025, Coastal Processes

This paper explores the problem of allocation of potential places of refuge for a ship in distress along the Estonian coast of the Gulf of Finland balancing the advantage for the affected ship and for the environment resulting from bringing the ship into a place of refuge. The integrated oil accident response simulation environment (PISCES II, ArcGis spatial modeling tools and Bayesian Belief Networks) proved to be instrumental for operational decision support in the case of a hypothetical oil accident. The knowledge of the ecological sensitivity of the Estonian coastal sea in the Gulf of Finland is used to estimate the probability of expected ecological damage associated with different towing directions of the vessel in distress. It is shown that the choice of the most favorable towing direction of the vessel in distress depends on the season, the position of the accident, and the ecological sensitivity level of the coastal sea area concerned.

2025, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

This paper investigates the applicability of Bayesian inference to oil spill related situation assessment in order to facilitate the Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) based decisions in evaluating the threat or probable overall environmental impact of the spill. Bayesian networks are believed to be useful in integrating the NEBA related information imported from 1) oil spill scene surveillance, 2) simulation results on an oil spill incident with human response, and 3) ecological sensitivity maps. This paper exemplifies the use of Bayesian Belief Networks in answering the questions: can the oil spill be combated at sea, and if it cannot then is the oil threatening a sensitive environment?

2025, Окружающая среда Санкт-Петербурга, № 3 (33)

The article is devoted to one of the controversial issues related to a striking natural event in the history of the region in the Holocene – the Lithorina transgression of the Baltic Sea. The use of archaeological data allows us to... more

2025

Since 1994 the IAG Sub-commission for Europe (EUREF) has continuously enhanced the Unified European Leveling Network (UELN). On the basis of the UELN (status 1998), the first realization of the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS) was computed and released under the name EVRF2000. After that, more than half of the participating countries have provided new national leveling data to the

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Agriculture and municipal wastewater are the principal sources of eutrophying nutrients in many water ecosystems. We develop a model which considers the characteristics of agricultural and municipal nutrient abatement. The model explicitly accounts for the investment needed to set up wastewater treatment facilities, and makes it possible to determine the optimal timing of investment as well as the optimal agricultural and municipal abatement levels. We apply the model to the Finnish coastal waters of the Gulf of Finland. Our results indicate that substantial savings in abatement costs and the damage associated with eutrophication could be obtained by constructing the facilities needed to process all the wastewaters entering the coastal ecosystem. The optimal timing of investment is shown to hinge on both the economic and ecological characteristics of the ecosystem.

2025

Basing on the array of radiocarbon dates got over the last decades the chronological framework of the Mesolithic of Eastern Fennoscandia was determined from the beginning of the Ancylus (8900 BC) to the maximum of the Litorina (5500 BC) transgressions of the Ancient Baltic Sea region. Periods of the Early and the Late Mesolithic can be confidently distinguished. These periods differ significantly in terms of material culture, settling, subsistence strategy and interregional communication systems. Although the differences between the "initial" and "final" appearance of culture are very significant, judging by the available data, the changes accumulated gradually. It is proposed to consider the climatic event "9300 cal. BP" as the conditional boundary line between these periods. The climatic event "8200 cal. BP" could probably be the cause of social and cultural stress for the population of the Eastern Fennoscandia, but did not lead to archaeologically visible cultural transformations.

2025, Marine Biology

Unfortunately, the presentation of Table , with caption, and the Wgure caption of Fig. are incorrect. The correct Table and Fig. are given below.

2025

The top/bottom paleolimnological approach was used to assess (1) the spatial extent of the effect of acid mine-drainage from the Orijärvi mine tailings on diatom communities of Orijärvi and Määrjärvi, and (2) the change that occurred in these communities as compared with the pre-disturbance conditions. Altogether eight cores were retrieved from the lakes and examined for their diatom remains. The compositional change in the diatom communities was assessed by detrended correspondence analysis and changes in their diversity by the Shannon diversity index (H´ ). The metal pollution affected diatoms at community levels resulting in a shift in dominant taxa and an overall decrease in diversity (both lakes), and at the individual level causing alteration in valve morphology (Orijärvi). The proportion of benthic and tychoplanktonic diatoms increased while planktonic diatoms markedly decreased in abundance. This study demonstrates that the used approach is a useful tool in larger-scale assessments of recent change and ecological reference conditions of surface waters.

2024, Асбест в культуре древнего человека

Рекомендован к печати методическим советом Научной библиотеки ФГБОУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет» Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Петрозаводского государственного университета Р е ц е н з е н т ы : Е. Л. Лычагина, профессор кафедры истории и археологии ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», доцент, д-р ист. наук; В. Н. Карманов, заведующий сектором сохранения и популяризации археологического наследия Института языка, литературы и истории Коми научного центра ФГБУН ФИЦ «Коми научный центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук», канд. ист. наук С о с т а в и т е л и : А. М. Жульников, доцент кафедры отечественной истории Института истории, политических и социальных наук ПетрГУ, канд. ист. наук; М. П. Отливанчик, директор Научной библиотеки ПетрГУ; Е. В. Свидерская, заместитель директора Научной библиотеки ПетрГУ А90 Асбест в культуре древнего человека : сб. ст. / М-во науки и высш. образования Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреж дение высш. образования Петрозав. гос.

2024, Асбест в культуре древнего человека

2024, Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Baltic Sea phytoplankton responses during N 2-fixing cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by Nodularia spp., Aphanizomenon sp., and Anabaena spp., were studied using nutrient enrichment experiments. Nitrogen fixation, phytoplankton growth, primary productivity, and phytoplankton species' responses were investigated in areas representing open Baltic Sea water and Gulf of Finland water. Responses to additions of N, P, Fe, and the organic chelator EDTA were studied. Phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were N, P, or N+P-limited. Phosphorus limitation was more prominent at the Gulf of Finland sites, where the dissolved inorganic-nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio was >16:1 during the study period. At the open sea sites, with DIN:DIP ratio <16:1, N limitation or N+P co-limitation prevailed. Phosphorus consistently stimulated N 2 fixation, and at times N 2 fixation and total N had a linear relationship with the initial PO 4 3concentration added. At other times, the relationship was not clear, suggesting other limitations or controls for N 2 fixation. Occasionally, EDTA increased N 2 fixation, but Fe addition did not show a significant impact on phytoplankton biomass, productivity, or N 2 fixation. The chlorophyte Monoraphidium sp., diatom Nitzschia spp., and small flagellates (7.5 to 10 µm) were among the species that exhibited the fastest growth responses under replenishment of the limiting nutrient. The results suggest that high N availability, in relation to P, in the coastal areas in the Gulf of Finland acts to reduce the relative abundance of N 2fixing organisms. Phosphorus inputs into the upper-mixed layer in the open sea during bloom periods stimulate N 2 fixation, and act to maintain the cyanobacterial blooms.

2024, Ices Journal of Marine Science

We studied the distribution and population structure of the immigrant predaceous cladoceran species Cercopagis pengoi and its role in the zooplankton community during a 1-week cruise at the beginning of September 1997. Samples were collected at 20 stations within a coastal area of 500 km 2 in the Gulf of Finland. Temperature above the thermocline was about 16-18 C. Phytoplankton was dominated by filamentous blue-green algae, metazooplankton by rotifers, cladocerans, cyclopoids, and calanoids. Ciliates (maximum density 2 10 5 L 1) were dominated by oligotrich ciliates and Mesodinium rubrum. The maximum density of different metazoan taxa varied from a few (Cercopagis) to a thousand (rotifers) per litre. Most of the Cercopagis population consisted of maturing parthenogenic females with a low percentage of males and gametogenic females. On the basis of population structure, we suggest that the population was still in the growth phase, parthenogenesis being the dominant reproduction strategy. Variation in zooplankton community structure and density was associated with differences in salinity, the stations nearest to the coast favouring cladocerans and cyclopoids. Rotifers and ciliates were most abundant at the eastern stations. Since density of Cercopagis was also highest at the eastern stations, this predator may have been an important factor in the structure of the zooplankton community. The potential effects of Cercopagis on the pelagic community structure and dynamics in the Gulf of Finland are discussed.

2024, Journal of Marine Systems

A literature survey identified 30 articles providing data on the concentrations of organohalogen compounds in fish caught from the Gulf of Finland: polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and biphenyls (PCBs), the chlorinated pesticide DDT and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs). Results were found for 14 fish species in total, but mainly for herring (Clupea harengus), salmon (Salmo salar) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus), and the oldest data were for PCBs, from 1975. PCBs and PCDDs were the most prevalent organohalogens in the Gulf of Finland compared to other areas of the Baltic Sea. In particular, more local fish species and benthic feeders caught from the eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland appear to contain higher concentrations of organochlorines than those from the western parts. The concentration of dioxins plus dioxin-like PCBs as WHO-TEQ PCDD/F+PCB in herring has demonstrated a decreasing trend since the late 1970s. However, the maximum allowable concentration of WHO-TEQ PCDD/F+PCB in fish set by the EC was exceeded in all salmon and older herring specimens and in some whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), bream (Abramis brama), sea trout (Salmo trutta) and flounder (Platichthys flesus). The respective limit concentration for fish used as animal feed was exceeded in most of the fish samples.

2024

Future height systems in the Nordic countries, their relation to the EVRS2000 and to INSPIRE GIS standards by Working Group for Height Determination of the Nordic Geodetic Commission Jaakko Mäkinen (Jaakko.Makinen@fgi.fi), Martin Lidberg, Klaus Schmidt, Mikko Takalo, Mikael Lilje, Karsten Engsager, Per-Ola Eriksson, Casper Jepsen, Per-Anders Olsson, Veikko Saaranen, Runar Svensson, and Olav Vestøl.

2024

There is a growing need for geodetic reference frames that on a national level support the increasing use of global positioning services. Today, the vast majority of countries have their own national reference frame. In Europe this frame is normally aligned to ETRS89. This system is co-moving with the Eurasian tectonic plate. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and global positioning services are normally aligned to the Earth as a whole through a global reference frame like ITRF2014. Consequently, global positioning services does not give direct access to the national reference frame without a timedependent transformation. A solution is to align the national reference frame directly to a global reference frame. In such a frame, the coordinates of a point fixed to the ground will change with time, a fact leading to the expression dynamic reference frame (DRF). To be prepared for future challenges, the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) initiated a pilotproject on DRF in Iceland....

2024

SUMMARY The focus in this presentation is on principles for, and implementation of, long term management of geodetic reference frames under the circumstance of a deforming crust of the earth. Of special importance is the need from the users to have a reference frame where the coordinate values are stable in time. To achieve this, the deformations of the earths crust must be known. For northern Europe, these deformations are dominated by the Fennoscandian Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) process, where the maximum land uplift is at the 10 mm/yr level. A recent 3D velocity field derived from more than 4800 days (13 years) of data at more than 80 permanent GPS sites in northern Europe is first presented. The results agree with tide gauge observations and repeated levellings to the 0.5 mm/yr level. Then a geophysical GIA model has been tuned to best fit to the GPS-derived station velocities. The agreement between model and observations is at the sub-mm/yr level. For the purpose of eli...

2024

Along the Finnish coast, the Gulf Olympia paired ichthyoplankton samplers have been widely used for collecting early life stages of pelagic fish, e.g. within the Finnish Inventory Programme for Marine Underwater Environment (VELMU), aiming to localize larval habitats. The aim of this study was to examine how prevailing conditions during the sampling period impact the sampling efficiency and the data obtained with the Gulf Olympia samplers. The study was conducted in the Skinnarfjärden-Köklotfjärden Bay on the west coast of Finland, within the northern Kvarken Archipelago in the northern Baltic Sea. Sampling was carried out along 10 randomly pre-allocated transects during 5 days between the 6th and 12th of June 2017. Effect of sampling depth (0.5 m and 1.0 m), wave height, light availability and sampling time (morning / afternoon) on larval density of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) was studied using linear mixed model analysis. Sampling depth affected the results, as sampling at 0.5 m yielded 6 times more perch and 1.3 times more smelt larvae than at 1.0 m depth. Wave height was also found to correlate positively with larval abundance of both perch and smelt at depth of 0.5 m, with a 16-fold and 8-fold increase in perch and smelt density respectively, following a change in wave height from 0 m to 0.3 m. Both perch and smelt larval density correlated positively with increasing levels of light, while no significant effect of sampling time was found. Finally, we give recommendations for future sampling settings. This study was carried out as a part of the VELMU 2 programme, funded by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland.

2024, Scientific reports

Climate change is predicted to cause a freshening of the Baltic Sea, facilitating range expansions of freshwater species and contractions of marine. Resident marine flounders (Platichthys flesus) and expansive freshwater roach (Rutilus rutilus) are dominant consumers in the Baltic Sea sublittoral where they occur in partial sympatry. By comparing patterns of resource use by flounders and roach along a declining resource gradient of blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) our aim was to explore predator functional responses and the degree of trophic overlap. Understanding the nature of density-dependent prey acquisition has important implications for predicting population dynamics of both predators and their shared prey. Results showed a highly specialized diet for both species, high reliance on blue mussels throughout the range, similar prey size preference and high trophic overlap. Highest overlap occurred where blue mussels were abundant but overlap was also high where they were scarce. ...

2024, ICES Journal of Marine Science

The pelagic-fish fauna in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea was sampled by trawling and hydroacoustics in September 2002. Spatial and size/age-dependent patterns in the diets of herring (Clupea harengus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were explored. At night the fish concentrated at thermocline depth but at dawn they scattered over a larger depth range. All three fish species fed on mesozooplankton but nektobenthos, for example, was scarce. In the eastern Gulf of Finland, where there is a strong freshwater inflow, the cladoceran Bosmina longispina was the dominant prey item, but it was also abundant in the diets of young-of-the-year (total length <10 cm) clupeids in the western Gulf of Finland. In these more saline western areas, calanoid copepods, especially Eurytemora affinis, were the most important prey for large (≥10 cm) clupeids. The large clupeids in particular, also fed on Temora longicornis. The diet of three-spined st...

2024, Hydrobiologia

The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is one of the key species in the Baltic Sea ecosystem and it is living at the edge of its range in the western Gulf of Finland. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) is a freshwater fish species that has benefited from recent coastal eutrophication and is at present highly abundant in the outer archipelago of the Gulf of Finland. In 2000 and 2001, a total of 516 roach were sampled for diet analysis in three study areas. Shelled molluscs formed over 95% of the diet of roach, blue mussels being the dominant single species. The proportion of this species in the food of roach in the three study areas ranged between 38-61% for smaller roach (<225 mm) and 39-85% for larger (>225 mm) roach, indicating that blue mussel is a highly important food source for roach in outer archipelago areas of the western Gulf of Finland, in contrast to reports from other parts of the northern Baltic Sea. The scarcity of large blue mussels in mussel beds in the easternmost study area was reflected in the lower proportion of blue mussels in the diet of larger roach. However, the growth of roach was not affected by the availability of blue mussels. The twofold differences observed in the annual growth of roach between warm and cold years demonstrated that temperature is an important factor controlling the growth of roach in the western Gulf of Finland.

2024, Remote Sensing of Environment

The interest of the scientific community in global climate has been constantly increasing in the last years. Much effort has been devoted to better understand the water cycle and its role in global climate regulation. This is one of the objectives of the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, approved in May 1999 and successfully launched in November 2nd 2009. Collecting brightness temperature measurements by means of a new type of instrument, a synthetic aperture radiometer operating at L-Band (MIRAS: Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis), the SMOS mission will provide regular and global maps of sea surface salinity (SSS) and soil moisture (SM), two key parameters to describe the water cycle. Synthetic aperture brightness temperatures have been simulated since the early 90s, during the MIRAS technological studies, and both SSS and SM retrievals have been tested with simulated data first, and later with real data to assess and improve the instrument performance. Nevertheless, except for the processing of the data collected by the SMOSillo (MIRAS Demonstrator) on June 20th, 2006, Duffo et al. (2007) and Camps et al. (2008b), these outcomes have never been validated using sea surface brightness temperatures coming from a real synthetic aperture radiometer. The aim of this study is thus to test some of the techniques proposed in previous years to improve the SSS retrieval, in particular only Level 2 techniques (i.e. converting calibrated and geo-located brightness temperature into SSS maps) will be investigated. To do so, brightness temperatures resulting from the SMOS Salinity Demonstrator Campaign held in August 2007 will be used. In that campaign the Helsinki University of Technology-2 Dimensional (HUT-2D) radiometer flown over both over land and sea. The part of the campaign conducted over the sea consisted of two series of flights over a very fresh water plume characterized by a strong SSS gradient (from 0 to 4 psu) in the Gulf of Finland. In-situ auxiliary data was collected simultaneously with the radiometer measurements. The positive outcomes in these very challenging conditions (due to the very low brightness temperature sensitivity to SSS, the lack of accurate models of the sea water dielectric constant at low SSS (Klein & Swift (1977)), and the weak radiometric sensitivity of the HUT-2D radiometer) demonstrate the importance of data pre-and post-processing to improve the results. Removing both brightness temperature biases and salinity retrieval biases and further averaging of the results, permits estimating SSS with an rms error on the order of 1 psu, which is comparable to the SMOS Level 2 expected accuracy.

2024

A combination of statistical and deterministic methods was used to calculate the flood level for the Hanhikivi peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, where a nuclear power plant is planned. An existing Baltic Sea numerical model (BSM-2010) solving the depth-averaged shallow water equations was used. Using formulas for an idealized storm field, wind and atmospheric pressure fields were assigned as forcing. The possible intensity of the extreme storm field was determined from the database of storm fields that passed over the northern hemisphere from 1958–2016. The modeling results show that the maximum water level rise at Hanhikivi occurs when an extreme storm field over southern Norway moves east-northeast with a velocity of 65 km h–1. Extreme water levels in Hanhikivi obtained with statistical and deterministic methods at a probability up to 0.01% (return period of 104 years) are +252 cm and –251 cm, respectively.

2024

Effective management of Baltic clupeids, which are valuable commercially and ecologically, requires the biomass control. The acoustical techniques are recognized as effective in fish stock assessment. The study of Baltic herring and sprat individual backscattering characteristics is required for the accurate biomass estimation using acoustical techniques. The previous measurements demonstrated significant dependence of the backscattering properties of Baltic clupeids on their geographical location. For southern Baltic Sea the properties are not recognized sufficiently yet. Accounting for that fish swimbladder morphometry effectively impacts on the backscattering, it is important to study the morphometry of southern Baltic herring and sprat. It motivated the paper study. The paper is addressed to the development of the methodology of the analysis of the accurate shape of the swimbladder. The way of the fish catch, transport and storage, the X-ray irradiation and the X-ray image analy...

2024

This study presents a step-by-step statistical analysis for tracing dioxins sources that have contributed to levels in Baltic herring during the last decades. The study is based on the concentrations of the 17 toxic (2,3,7,8-substituted) dioxin congeners in herring and sediment from the Baltic Sea, and it evaluates how the impacts of the sources may have changed during the studied periods, i. e. 1990-2009 in the Bothnian Bay, 1979-2009 in the Bothnian Sea and 1988-2009 in the Baltic Proper. The modelling technique used (PMF) extracted three dioxin patterns in herring that could be used to obtain source patterns after applying transformation factors. The transformed patterns were compared to real dioxin source patterns available through previous measurement and modelling studies. The identified sources included tetrachlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol/atmospheric background (PCP/AB) and emissions from thermal activities. The results indicate that the thermal source type has been the major contributor of dioxins to Baltic herring during the preand post-2000 periods (72% and 59%, respectively). Its impact appears, however, to have declined by 19% in the Bothnian Bay, by 67% in the Bothnian Sea, and by 48% in the Baltic Proper (TEQ-basis). On the other hand, the relative importance of TCP and PCP/AB appear to have increased over time, from 1.4% and 1.5% to 19% and 6.6% in the Bothnian Bay, from 3.3% and 7.2% to 12% and 10% in the Bothnian Sea, and from 8.9% and <1% to 33% and 13% in the Baltic Proper. Comparisons using absolute values (pg TEQ g -1 lipid weight) indicate an increase of the TCP source by five times in the Bothnian Bay from the pre-2000 to the post-2000 period, a slight increase in the Bothnian Sea, and more than a doubling of the levels in the Baltic Proper. The agreement between the trends in the three sub-basins is a good indication for an increased impact of the TCP source during recent years (post-2000). Corresponding analysis for the PCP/AB source type, indicate slightly decreased TEQ levels from the PCP/AB source type in the Bothnian Sea (by ~50%), more than twice as high in the Bothnian Bay, and more than triplicated in the Baltic Proper. While the declining trends of the thermal source type encourages continuing management efforts for air emissions, the apparent increase of TCP and PCP/AB call for more attention to such sources in the Baltic Sea. As the use of technical products containing TCP and PCP have been banned/restricted since the 1970s and 1980s, more focus on contaminated sites may be required in the mitigation actions of such sources.

2024

BASEWECS is a contribution to the German Climate Research Program DEKLIM. The project started in May 2001 and lasted until December 2004. BASEWECS aimed at the investigation of the influence of the Baltic Sea and its annual ice coverage... more

2024

2024, Environmental and Resource Economics

2024, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

We examine in a dynamic framework how public resources should be allocated to small-scale water protection e¤orts in agriculture or alternatively to investments in large-scale waste water treatment plants to control point source loads. The building of waste water treatment capacity is characterized by high set-up costs as compared to the operating costs. We determine the optimal timing of investment, the rate of nutrient load reduction from point versus non-point sources, and the optimal switching policies from control of non-point pollution only to control of both non-point and point sources. The results of the analytical model are illustrated with simulation of optimal abatement policies for the Finnish coastal waters in the Gulf of Finland.

2024

SMOS is the European Space Agency's next Earth Explorer satellite due for launch in 2009. It aims for global monitoring of soil moisture and ocean salinity utilizing a new technology concept for remote sensing: two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometry. The payload of SMOS is Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis, or MIRAS. It is a passive instrument that uses 72 individual