Gut health Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Nutrients

Background: The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, and food bioactive compounds have shown potential in mitigating its development. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults with prediabetes. We hypothesized that curcumin, due to its insulin-sensitizing effects, would help maintain glucose homeostasis, metabolic health, and gut health. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 28 older adults (aged 60 years or older) with prediabetes or overweight/obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either curcumin (80 mg) or placebo capsules for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were glucose homeostasis markers, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose, and insulin levels. Secondary outcomes included body composition, body mass index (BMI), body weight, lipid profiles, and gut microbiome composition. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to find differences between groups and over time. Results: A total of 23 participants (age = 66.52 ± 5.76 years; 14 in the curcumin group and 9 in the placebo group) completed the 12-week intervention. HbA1c levels significantly decreased in the curcumin group, whereas levels remained stable in the placebo group. While the curcumin group observed an increase in AST levels, the ALT level was reduced in the placebo group. Both the curcumin and placebo groups showed a reduced ALT/AST ratio by the end of the intervention. Body mass index, lipid profiles, and body composition showed no significant changes over the study period. Gut microbiome analysis revealed no significant changes in alpha diversity or beta diversity of microbiome; however, there was marginal enrichment of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidota (phylum), Bacteroidaceae (family), Agathobacter, Bacteroides, and Roseburia (genera) in the curcumin-supplemented group over time. Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation improved or favorably maintained glucose homeostasis and showed modest improvements in beneficial gut microbiota in older adults with prediabetes, potentially reducing the risk of developing diabetes. Longterm studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and determine the clinical relevance of curcumin supplementation for prediabetes prevention.

2025, Nutrients

Curcumin Mitigates the High-Fat High-Sugar Diet-Induced Impairment of Spatial Memory, Hepatic Metabolism, and the Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in AlzheimThe escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases and an aging demographic has been correlated with a concerning rise in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) incidence. This study aimed to access the protective effects of curcumin, a bioactive flavonoid from turmeric, on spatial memory, metabolic functions, and the regulation of the gut microbiome in AD-induced (3xTg-AD) mice fed with either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD). Our findings revealed an augmented susceptibility of the HFHSD-fed 3xTg-AD mice for weight gain and memory impairment, while curcumin supplementation demonstrated a protective effect against these changes. This was evidenced by significantly reduced body weight gain and improved behavioral and cognitive function in the curcumin-treated group. These improvements were substantiated by diminished fatty acid synthesis, altered cholesterol metabolism, and suppressed adipogenesis-related pathways in the liver, along with modified synaptic plasticity-related pathways in the brain. Moreover, curcumin enriched beneficial gut microbiota, including Oscillospiraceae and Rikenellaceae at the family level, and Oscillibacter, Alistipes, Pseudoflavonifractor, Duncaniella, and Flintibacter at the genus level. The observed alteration in these gut microbiota profiles suggests a potential crosswalk in the liver and brain for regulating metabolic and cognitive functions, particularly in the context of obesity-associated cognitive disfunction, notably AD.er's Disease-Induced (3xTg-AD) Mice.

2025, Biological and Clinical Science Research Journal

Panax ginseng, a traditional medicinal herb known for its adaptogenic properties, has garnered significant attention for its potential role in immune modulation and disease prevention. In this study, we investigate the adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on immune modulation in layers against Salmonella Enteritidis. This randomized control trial was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, from January 2023 to October 2023. A total of 450 laying hens were included in this study. The laying hens were randomly assigned to different experimental groups to ensure unbiased representation and minimize confounding variables. The laying hens were separated into several experimental groups, including a benchmark group and one or more treatment groups receiving Panax ginseng supplementation. A total of 450 laying hens were included in the study, divided into five experimental groups: a control group (n = 90) and four treatment groups receiving varying doses of Panax ginseng supplementation (n = 90 each). Compared to the control group, hens receiving low, medium, and high portions of ginseng displayed elevated degrees of IgG and IgM antibodies. Specifically, the high-portion ginseng group demonstrated the most noteworthy mean values for both IgG (75 ± 18) and IgM (50 ± 12), indicating a vigorous invulnerable reaction. It is concluded that supplementation with Panax ginseng holds promise as a natural intervention for enhancing immune modulation and reducing pathogen load in laying hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Ginseng may serve as a valuable adjunct therapy in poultry production to mitigate infectious diseases and improve overall health outcomes.

2025, science-line

The use of probiotics, particularly fermented yogurt, in poultry diets has gained substantial interest due to their capacity to enhance growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and nutrient absorption in broiler chickens. This study evaluated the effects of yogurt supplementation on broiler performance and nutrient utilization. Two hundred one-day-old Ross-308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments using a completely randomized design. Each treatment group included five replicates with eight chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (without yogurt), locally prepared yogurt (5 mL/L in drinking water), yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA, 5 mL/L), yogurt fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus (ST, 5 mL/L), and yogurt co-fermented with L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus (LA+ST, 5 mL/L). The performance and ileal digestibility of nutrients were measured. Results indicated that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) significantly decreased in the LA+ST group at 0-14 days, with an 11.7% reduction compared to the control. Broilers receiving yogurt demonstrated a higher average daily gain (ADG) at 0-14 days, with the LA+ST group showing an 8% improvement over the control. At 0-28 days, the LA+ST group maintained the highest ADG, 6.8% higher than the control. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly improved with yogurt supplementation at 0-14 days. Compared to the control, FCR improved by 3.6%, 7.9%, 5.7%, and 15.7% in the Local, LA, ST, and LA+ST groups, respectively. Additionally, yogurt fermented with specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly enhanced the ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and total ash (TA). These findings highlight the efficacy of yogurt fermented with L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus as a dietary supplement to enhance growth performance and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens.

2025

This experiment aimed to assess the effects of combining early or late feeding programs with prebiotics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, mucin-2 gene expression, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 720 dayold male and female (50:50) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 £ 3 factorial arrangement with 24 experimental units (pens) and 30 birds/pen for 6 wk. Six treatments consisted of 2 feeding programs (early: fed at hatchery; or late: 48 h feed deprivation) and 3 levels of prebiotic supplementation (none, recommended dosage, or 3 times the recommended dosage). Late access to feed during the starter phase resulted in decreased feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG), as well as increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). During the entire rearing period, broilers in the early feeding program, fed diets without prebiotics had higher mortality rates compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Also, the feeding programs and inclusion of prebiotics in the diets did not have a significant effect on FI, WG, or FCR. In both feeding programs, the supplementation of prebiotic resulted in improved ileal morphology indicators and increased mucin-2 gene expression (P < 0.05). The use of prebiotic in both the early and late access to feed groups led to decreased serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid (P < 0.05). In conclusion, late access to feed negatively affected the early growth performance of broiler chicks. Prebiotic supplementation positively influenced mucin-2 gene expression, especially in early feeding programs. Early feed access combined with prebiotics improved intestinal health compared to late access. While prebiotic did not affect overall growth performance, it reduced mortality rates. Further studies are recommended.

2025

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous liquorice extract (ALE) on the growth performance, carcass cuts and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens between hatch and 35 days of age. A total of 160-d old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, each with 4 replicates, 10 birds per replicate. Four different levels of aqueous liquorice (0, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9g) were administrated to a liter of drinking water and offered to the birds throughout the entire experimental period. Across the 35 days of trial, administration of ALE to the drinking water resulted in higher (P<0.05) body weight and weight gain. While, feed intake, water intake and FCR did not influence by ALE administration. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of the ALE on carcass cuts, visceral organs and intestinal histomorphology. The study demonstrated that ALE could be administrated to the drinking water of broilers between 0.5 and 0.9g/ liter. However, it would be more economical to use the medium level of ALE (0.7g/ liter) to achieve better results.

2025, Research paper

The bacterial isolate, identified as Pediococcus acidilactici (NMCC-G, MK072824, 97.65% similarity) with the sequences of different lactic acid bacteria species in the NCBI genes database was used for the production of novel probiotics. A biological trial was conducted by using one-day-old Ross-308 broiler birds to determine the supplemental effects of novel indigenous probiotics. The broiler chicks were allocated at random to one of the five dietary treatment groups in a way that each treatment group was fed to 5 replicates with 15 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments include probiotic-free basal diet (Control; C), indigenous probiotic (2.01 x 109 CFU/g) with three different inclusion levels; 1 gm/10 kg of diet (IProb-1), 1.5 gm/10 kg of diet (IProb-2) and 2.0 gm/10 kg of diet (IProb-3). The broiler diets were formulated according to nutrient specifications for Ross-308. The results indicated that broilers fed diets supplemented with IProb-3 had lower feed intake, higher (P<0.05) body weight gain, and better FCR in comparison to broilers fed control (no probiotics). Carcass yield and breast meat yield increased with increasing levels of IProb. The highest values were noted in IProb-3 (@ 2 gm/10 kg of diet). The total tract apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein and dry matter was higher in probiotic-supplemented groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the locally isolated Pediococcus acidilactici NMCC-G strain @ 2.0 gm/10 kg (having 2.01 x10 9 CFU/g) resulted in better growth and feed efficiency in broiler birds as compared to that of nonsupplemented birds.

2025

Potential Relief, Not a Cure. Colostrum shows promise for easing IBS symptoms by potentially repairing the gut, reducing inflammation, and balancing immune system. It's not a cure, but may offer symptom relief as part of a broader management plan. Need for Further Research: More Evidence Needed. We need more robust human studies to confirm colostrum's effectiveness for IBS and understand how it works. More research is needed to determine correct dosages and long term effects. Consult a Healthcare Professional: Prioritize Safety. Always talk to your doctor before using colostrum, especially if you have allergies, are pregnant, or have other health conditions. Professional guidance is crucial to ensure safe and effective use.

2025, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

Campylobacter is known to be one of the most common causes of human intestinal disorders. Since poultry are known to be the main reservoirs for this pathogen, decreasing this bacterium in intestinal tract could be beneficial in reducing contamination of poultry products. The effects of probiotic (PrimaLac ® ), medicinal plant (Sangrovit ® ) and organic acid (Selko-pH ® ) as broiler feed additives on cecal colonization, and fecal excretion of broilers were studied. Other parameters such as performance, immune response and intestinal morphology were also determined. A total of 300 broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were divided into 5 groups. Groups consisted of unsupplemented feed (negative and positive controls), probiotic, medicinal plant and drinking water containing organic acid mixture. Except for the negative control group, all chickens were orally challenged with (10 9 cfu mL -1 ) Campylobacter jejuni at day 21. Cecal and fecal samples were collected for Campylobacter count. Body weigh...

2025, Texila International Journal of Public Health

Fibrosis is characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue and decreased functional cells within the affected organs, ultimately resulting in organ damage or failure. The incidence of this pathological process is on the rise globally, necessitating the development of more efficient therapeutic interventions. Recent scientific investigations have put forth the idea that polysaccharides extracted from natural sources exhibit promising abilities in alleviating fibrotic conditions by mitigating inflammatory responses and influencing intestinal microbiota composition. This scholarly discourse delves into the intricate relationship between polysaccharides and organ fibrosis concerning the dynamics of the intestinal microbiota, offering profound insights that could significantly influence the direction of future endeavours in drug development and treatment modalities. The in-depth exploration of these interconnected factors holds immense potential in shaping innovative strategies to combat fibrosis-related disorders and enhance patient outcomes in a clinical setting. The potential impact of this research on future drug development and treatment modalities cannot be overstated, as it underscores the importance of the study and its potential to influence the direction of future research in the field.

2025, Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Constipation is a common problem in developing countries, exacerbated by insufficient sanitation facilities and poor hygiene habits. Traditional therapies, such as dietary changes and laxatives, are sometimes ineffectual due to resource restrictions. Portable toilet sprayers provide an innovative and practical way to improve bowel motions and
hygiene. These devices stimulate nerves and muscles in the perineal area, hydrate and lubricate the anal region, and relax the anal sphincter muscles to aid stool transit. Beyond bowel health, portable sprayers improve overall hygiene by effectively eliminating fecal waste and lowering infection risks. They are affordable and user-friendly, making them accessible to low-income households and potentially enhancing public health outcomes. Implementing portable sprayers necessitates a multimodal approach that includes pilot studies to measure effectiveness, educational initiatives to
promote awareness, and collaborations with local and international health
organizations for distribution and funding. Achieving cost and accessibility through local manufacture and distribution is critical for wider adoption. Continuous monitoring and assessment will help to fine-tune the intervention. Future research should concentrate on randomized controlled trials, longitudinal health outcome studies, and qualitative studies to better understand user experiences and barriers. When properly implemented, portable toilet sprayers can significantly contribute to public health gains
in resource-constrained settings.

2025, ibna.ro

This study was conducted to compare the effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based (400g wheat/kg diet) enzyme supplemented broiler diets on growth performance, organ weights and some blood parameters. One hundred and five, 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross) was divided into five groups of 21 chicks each. The chicks were housed on a per wire-floored cage until 42 d of age. A replicate was an individual cage with one bird. The feeding regime consisted of a starter diet until 21 d of age and a finisher diet until 42 d of age. There were five treatment groups: control, flavomycin, mint powder; sage powder and thyme powder. The supplements were not added to diets after 35 d of age. Birds received flavomycin diet gained more body weight and consumed more feed than birds received control diet or herbal powders supplemented diets. Birds fed flavomycin had better feed conversion ratio than birds fed mint, sage or thyme powder contained diets. The sage powder had a negative effect on feed conversion ratio of birds compared to control or flavomycin. The dietary treatments did not significant effect on the relative weights of pancreas, spleen, liver and heart. Feeding either flavomycin or herbal powders did not change the blood IgB, IgM, HGB, HCT, WBC and BA levels. However, IgC, RBC, NE, LY, MO, EO, PLT and MPV were significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the three herbal powders in wheat-based had no additional effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.

2025, Microbial Biotechnology

Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles in human cognition and behaviour. Included in this research is evidence indicating that gut microbes, through direct and indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability and antisocial behaviour. Moreover, gut microbes can manufacture chemicals that are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions in the United States and Europe acknowledge that gut microbes can produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption of alcohol by the defendants. The dismissal of driving while intoxicated charges in these cases-so-called auto-brewery syndrome-highlights the way in which microbiome knowledge will enhance the precision, objectivity and fairness of our legal systems. Here in this opinion essay, we introduce the concept of the 'legalome'-the application of microbiome and omics science to forensic psychiatry and criminal law. We argue that the rapid pace of microbial discoveries, including those that challenge ideas of free will and moral responsibility, will necessitate a reconsideration of traditional legal doctrines and justifications of retributive punishment. The implications extend beyond the courtroom, challenging us to reconsider how environmental factors-from diet to socioeconomic conditions-might shape preventative and rehabilitative efforts through their effects on the microbiome.

2025, Julius-Kühn-Archiv

In der Tiermedizin werden, vergleichbar mit der Anwendung beim zum Menschen, Heilpflanzen und Kräuter seit Jahrhunderten angewendet . In der modernen Tierhaltung werden in letzter Zeit in zunehmenden Masse phytogene Produkte (Pflanzenextrakte, ätherische Öle oder Kräutermischungen aus Heilpflanzen als Futterzusatzstoffe eingesetzt Das Hauptindikationsgebiet ist hierbei die Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit in kritischen Lebensphasen (erste Lebenstage, Absetzen, Umgruppieren, Laktation, Futterumstellungen). Bei der Entwicklung derartiger Futterzusatzstoffe, die der Zulassungspflichtig unterliegen, werden aktuellen Erkenntnisse über den Einfluß des Mikrobions auf die Darmgesundheit, die Streßtoleranz und das Immunsystem berücksichtigt. Hierdurch gelingt es und den Einsatz von Antibiotika zu vermeiden und das Tierwohl nachhaltig zu verbessern.

2025

This review examines the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome, gastrointestinal, and mental health, mediated by the gut-brain axis. A balanced gut microbiome, characterized by diverse microbiota, optimal composition, healthy motility, robust barrier integrity, and appropriate enzymatic activity, is crucial for both digestive and neurological well-being. Conversely, gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and inflammation can disrupt gut-brain communication, contributing to digestive disorders, autoimmune diseases, and neuropsychological manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. While modern medical interventions form the cornerstone of treatment, integrative approaches, including dietary modifications, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, lifestyle adjustments, nutritional therapies, and psychological interventions, can serve as valuable complements. Furthermore, certain herbal remedies may offer adjunctive support. Strategies for maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, such as a balanced diet, regular physical activity, adequate hydration, sufficient sleep, and effective stress management, are essential for promoting optimal gut-brain communication and overall well-being. Gradual lifestyle modifications, prioritizing stress reduction, physical activity, and a natural diet can facilitate the development of a healthy gut microbiome, leading to improvements in both gastrointestinal and mental health.

2025, The Journal of nutrition

Whole grains have shown potential for improving gut health, but evidence comparing different whole-grain types is lacking.We investigated whether whole-grain wheat (WGW) and whole-grain rye (WGR) improve gut health in different ways compared to refined wheat (RW), with the primary outcomes of microbiota composition and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.In a randomized parallel trial, 70 healthy adults (in means ± SDs; aged 51.0 ± 9.4 y, body mass index [BMI (in kg/m)] 27.8 ± 1.9, 32:38 men:women) replaced cereal foods from their habitual diet with WGR, WGW, or RW (control). Before and after a 6-wk intervention, a spot stool sample was collected and analyzed for short-chain fatty acids and microbiota composition through the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted high-throughput amplicon sequencing. GI symptoms and stool regularity were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and after weeks 2, 4, and 6.Intakes of whole grains were 145.2 ± 75.9, 124.2 ± 57.3, and 5.4 ± 3.2 g/d in the WGW...

2025, South African Journal of Animal Science

The poultry gastrointestinal microbiome consists of more than 900 bacterial species and their metabolites; it serves as an indicator of bird health and is influenced by nutrition, medication, and other factors. Dysbiosis is a form of reduced microbial diversity, characterised by the loss of beneficial microbes, the expansion of opportunistic microbes, and the disruption of tight junctions, as well as raised pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-17), tumour necrosis factor-α, and Enterobacteriaceae, and decreased short-chain fatty acids. Dysbiosis leads to various disorders, including liver disorders, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological problems. It also impacts several bodily systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, the gut-liver axis (liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune liver disease, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease), the gut-lung axis (pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the gut-microbiota axis (irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and constipation or stool hardness), and the gut-islet axis (hypertension, hyperglycaemia, diabetes, and hypercreatinaemia syndrome). Many factors, including medications (antibiotics, anti-tumour, and immunosuppressants), environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and atmospheric particulates), high levels of nutrients (protein, fat, salt, and sugar), and others (age, disease, habits, and genes), cause and enable gastrointestinal dysbiosis to develop. Nutritional strategies such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or phytogenic feed additives, and the consumption of a high-quality, balanced diet, as well as early detection of gut health malfunction and an emphasis on increasing bird resilience, can reduce the risk of dysbiosis, modify the gut microbial balance, and make microbial eubiosis possible.

2025

Background Maintaining gut health is a persistent and unresolved challenge in the poultry industry. Given the critical role of gut health in chicken performance and welfare, there is a pressing need to identify effective gut health intervention (GHI) strategies to ensure optimal outcomes in poultry farming. In this study, across three broiler production cycles, we compared the metagenomes and performance of broilers provided with ionophores (as the control group) against birds subjected to five different GHI combinations involving vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils, and reduction of ionophore use. Results Using a binning strategy, 84 (≥ 75% completeness, ≤ 5% contamination) metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 118 caecal samples were recovered and annotated for their metabolic potential. The majority of these (n = 52, 61%) had a differential response across all cohorts and are associated with the performance parameter-European poultry efficiency factor (EPEF). The control group exhibited the highest EPEF, followed closely by the cohort where probiotics are used in conjunction with vaccination. The use of probiotics B, a commercial Bacillus strain-based formulation, was determined to contribute to the superior performance of birds. GHI supplementation generally affected the abundance of microbial enzymes relating to carbohydrate and protein digestion and metabolic pathways relating to energy, nucleotide synthesis, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and drug-transport systems. These shifts are hypothesised to differentiate performance among groups and cycles, highlighting the beneficial role of several bacteria, including Rikenella microfusus and UBA7160 species. Conclusions All GHIs are shown to be effective methods for gut microbial modulation, with varying influences on MAG diversity, composition, and microbial functions. These metagenomic insights greatly enhance our understanding of microbiota-related metabolic pathways, enabling us to devise strategies against enteric pathogens related to poultry products and presenting new opportunities to improve overall poultry performance and health.

2025, Worldwide Scientific Views

The purpose of using antibiotics in poultry production are to monitor on animal health, growth and feed/ratio conversion. They are mainly used in the control of bacteriosis due to Salmonella, Escherichia coli Campylobacter, and in growth promotion in animals. It has however been used rather frequently that has however resulted in rather worrying trend of evolving antibiotic resistance that affects both animal and human use. They have thus stepped up efforts to eliminate the application of antibiotics particularly in growth enhancement and promote the prudent use. For this reason, other practices such as use of Probiotics, prebiotics, vaccines, and phytogenic are being viewed as others to the antibiotics in managing poultry health and production. The other one is ethical issues such as the risks associated with antibiotic residues in animal-generated products and consumer concern and desires for antibiotic-free foods. This review therefore considers the application of Antibiotics in Poultry production, issue of resistance and new opportunities for better Poultry production.

2025, Archives of Agricultural Sciences Journal

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of the commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) (BA), an enzyme mixture containing xylanase, amylase and protease (XAP) enzymes, and their combination (BA+XAP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, some blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chicks. A total number of 320 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross) with an average body weight of 43.65±0.19 g were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (80 chicks/treatment), each containing 4 replicates (20 chicks/replicate). The dietary treatments were as follows: control) fed basal diet without supplementation, T1) fed basal diet supplemented with BA probiotic at level 15 g / kg diet, T2) fed basal diet supplemented with XAP enzymes at level 400mg / kg diet, and T3) fed basal diet supplemented with AB and XAP at levels 15 g and 400mg /kg diet, respectively. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of BA probiotic significantly increased body weight, body weight gain, dressing weight and breast weight, and improved feed conversion ratio and performance index of broiler chicks compared with the other treatments. Also, the dietary supplementation of XAP enzymes or the mixture of AB and XAP significantly increased body weight and body weight gain of broiler chicks compared with control but did not effect on feed conversion ratio and performance index of broiler chicks. Feed consumption for all treated chicks was significantly higher than control. The highest plasma total proteins level was found in T2 followed by the mixture T3 and control, respectively, and the lowest level was found in T1. Also, T2 had the highest albumin level followed by T1. The highest plasma globulin level was found in T3 compared with T1 and control groups, followed by T2 compared with T1 group. T1 and T2 had the highest Triglyceride level compared with the other treatments. In conclusion, supplementing diets of broiler chickens with BA probiotics, XAP enzymes and their combination displayed positive effects on growth performance, immune status, and intestinal microbiota; the BA treatment showed the most pronounced results

2025

' Contribution SAP and SAS conceptualized and designed the study. SAS and MA performed the data curation. MBA and MAF formal analysis and methodology. SAS and GR wrote the manuscript. SAP and KMA-A critical revision and editing of the... more

2025, Texila International Journal of Public Health

Fucoxanthin, a unique carotenoid found in brown seaweed, contains an allenic bond in its structure along with a cyclic core, conjugated double bonds, and functional groups. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis by absorbing and transferring light energy to chlorophyll a. It also exhibits health benefits, such as improving immunity and gut health and protective activities, including hepatic, neuro, and nephroprotective against various diseases, which makes it a promising pharmaceutical and dietary component for combating infectious disorders. Recent research focuses on the health-promoting properties of fucoxanthin, highlighting its various health promoting mechanisms, aiming to guide future biochemical studies toward developing new supplements utilizing fucoxanthin and its metabolites. This review provides a foundation for future health-promoting investigations focused on developing novel pharmaceutical and dietary supplements targeting fucoxanthin and its various metabolites

2024, Microbial Ecology

; The full-text file will be made open to the public on 24 April 2021 in accordance with publisher's 'Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving'.; この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。; This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. Fermentation by gut microbe of Japanese macaques Hanya et al. 1 Fermentation ability of gut microbiota of wild Japanese macaques in the highland and lowland Yakushima: in vitro fermentation assay and genetic analyses

2024, Animal Research

Recently, it has become apparent that GIT fermentation is not only of interest for ruminant animals, but also for monogastrics. While it is now widely accepted that the fermentation process and its resultant end-products can have important influences on animal health, little is known about the microbiological and immunological processes involved. In terms of animal health, most interest at the moment is focussed on those moments in animals' lives when they are faced with sudden changes resulting in stress. The period of weaning in piglets is a typical example of this. The most easily accomplished and appropriate way to influence GIT fermentation processes is that of dietary intervention. This is reflected by the widespread interest in so-called pre-and pro-biotics. Given the complexities of the interactions occurring in the animal itself, it is hardly surprising that in vitro techniques are being widely used: firstly to examine potential substrates for their fermentability and possible inclusion in diets, and secondly, to assess changes in the microbial populations in response to these substrates. This paper will review the techniques currently in use for these two aspects of monogastric fermentation, and provide examples of their use. gastro-intestinal tract / fermentation / in vitro / microbial activity / prebiotic

2024

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise and spread of multidrugresistant bacteria. To address this global public health threat, many countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and promoted the development of alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and animal farming. In food-animal production, acidifiers, bacteriophages, enzymes, phytochemicals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have shown hallmarks as alternatives to antibiotics. This review reports the current state of these alternatives as growth-promoting factors for poultry and swine production and describes their mode of action. Recent findings on their usefulness and the factors that presently hinder their broader use in animal food production are identified by SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The potential for resistance development as well as co-and cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics is also discussed. Using predetermined keywords, we searched specialized databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Antibiotic resistance cannot be stopped, but its spreading can certainly be hindered or delayed with the development of more alternatives with innovative modes of action and a wise and careful use of antimicrobials in a One Health approach.

2024, Animal

The present study evaluated the effects of a novel plant extract (PE) product (GrazixTM) on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets challenged withEscherichia coli.The PE was a standardised mixture of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) obtained by using the LiveXtractTMprocess. A total of 144 piglets were weaned at 24 days and allocated to 8 for a 35-day experiment with a 2×2×2 factorial design comparing different treatments (water without product (CT) or 8 μl/kg per day PE in drinking water (PE)), feeding regimens (ad libitum(AD) or restricted (RE)) and oralE. colichallenges on day 9 (sham (−) or infected (+)). There were six pens per group with three piglets per pen. On day 35, 24 of the RE feeding piglets were slaughtered. It was found that PE supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 35 (P=0.03) and increased the gain to feed ratio (G : F) from day 7 to day 14 (P=0.02). RE feeding led to lower fee...

2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of supplemental probiotic preparation on performance indices, serum enzymes and electrolytes of broiler chickens. Two hundred (200) day-old Marshall broiler chicks were randomly selected and distributed based on the level of supplementation into four groups of 50 chicks each (Control, C; E 1 0.5%, E 2 1.5% and E 3 2.0%). Chickens fed 2.0% probiotic had a significantly higher body weight when compared with the control group. Activity of alanine aminotransferase differed significantly in the group E 1 0.5%, and especially (p<0.01) in the group E 1 1.5%. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly (p<0.05), when compared with that of the control group. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations in experimental groups were significantly higher. Potassium concentration in experimental group rose significantly (p<0.05), when compared with that of the control broiler chickens. In conclusion, supplementing broiler feeds with 2.0% yeast probiotic improved performance indices, serum enzyme activities and enhanced the maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis in broiler chickens.

2024

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2024

This study was examined to investigate the effect of Azomite (AZO) on the growth performance, immune function, and bone mineralization of broiler chickens. A total of 240-d old male chicks were randomly assigned into four treatments with six replicates (n ¼ 10), which included control (basal diet), basal diet þ0.25% AZO, basal diet þ 0.50% AZO and basal diet þ kitasamycin as antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The results indicate that live body weight (LBW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (p < .05) improved in AZO 0.25% and 0.50% than the control. The weight of bursa of Fabricus was significantly (p < .05) higher in AZO-0.25% and AZO-0.50% than control. Total protein (TP), globulin, IgA and IgG levels were significantly (p < .05) increased with AZO supplemented treatments. Tibia diameter tibia breaking strength was significantly (p < .05) increased in AZO-0.25% and AZO-0.50% treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that addition of AZO at the doses of 0.25% and 0.50% in the diet had beneficial effects on growth performance, immune functions and tibia breaking strength.

2024, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science

This research was conducted to compare the effects of two medicinal plants (peppermint and aloe vera) and antibiotic growth promoter on ileum microflora population and growth performance of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 375 one-day old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used on a completely randomized design with 5 dietary treatments which were replicated 5 times with 15 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments were: 1) the control diet (basal diet with no additive); 2) basal diet + 10 g/kg dry peppermint leaves (DPL); 3) basal diet + 10 g/kg aloe vera gel (AVG); 4) basal diet + 5 g/kg DPL + 5 g/kg AVG and 5) basal diet + 10 ppm virginiamycin. Growth performance parameters were evaluated during the starter, grower and finisher periods and the populations of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli bacteria was determined on the 42nd day of age. The maximum number of Lactobacillus bacteria was observed in the ileum of broilers fed diets containing DPL + AVG (P<0.05). ...

2024

The scientific term of fiber is comprised of very diverse group of polymers having various physicochemical properties. The dietary fiber can contribute remarkably to the nutritive value of poultry diets both directly, as energy source, and indirectly, through its effects on digestive and metabolic processes going on in the poultry bird. In order to more accurately predict the nutritive effect of fiber from raw materials, a better characterization of fiber fractions, their degradation in the chicken, and their physiological effects are required. Traditional analytical methods to analyze fiber, as crude fiber (CF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), recover only a changeable fraction of fiber and are hence unfit for evaluation fiber fractions in raw materials and poultry diets. In poultry feeding the fiber gives less amount of energy because of its limited role in digestion however its slight increased proportion (up to 50 g/kg) can be productive for GIT development, thereby improving the digestion of nutrient and also posing good impact on growth and performance. A better understanding on the relation between specific fiber fractions and factors as GIT development, digesta retention time, and microbial colonization will help to develop nutritional strategies using specific fiber fractions to steer GIT health and function to enhance performance, especially under suboptimal environmental conditions.

2024, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

The use of low fishmeal/fish oil in marine fish diets affects dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs) composition and concentration and subsequently, may produce a marginal deficiency of those fatty acids with a direct impact on the fish intestinal physiology. Supplementation of essential fatty acids is necessary to cover the requirements of the different EFAs, including the ones belonging to the n-6 series, such as arachidonic acid (ARA). ARA, besides its structural role in the configuration of the lipid classes of intestine, plays an important role on the functionality of the gut associated immune tissue (GALT). The present study aimed to test five levels of dietary ARA (ARA0.5 (0.5%), ARA1 (1%), ARA2 (2%), ARA4 (4%) and ARA6 (6%) for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles in order to: (a) determine its effect in selected distal intestine (DI) lipid classes composition; and (b) how these changes affected gut bacterial translocation rates and selected GALT-related genes expression pre and post challenge. No differences were found between distal intestines of fish fed the graded ARA levels in total neutral lipids and total polar lipids. However, DI of fish fed the ARA6 diet presented higher (P<0.05) level of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM) than those DI of fish fed the ARA0.5 diet. In general terms, fatty acid profiles of DI lipid classes mirrored those of the diet dietary. Nevertheless, a selective retention of This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry.

2024, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

2024, Journal of Nutrition

Background: Whole grains have shown potential for improving gut health, but evidence comparing different whole-grain types is lacking. Objective: We investigated whether whole-grain wheat (WGW) and whole-grain rye (WGR) improve gut health in different ways compared to refined wheat (RW), with the primary outcomes of microbiota composition and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Methods: In a randomized parallel trial, 70 healthy adults (in means 6 SDs; aged 51.0 6 9.4 y, body mass index [BMI (in kg/m 2)] 27.8 6 1.9, 32:38 men:women) replaced cereal foods from their habitual diet with WGR, WGW, or RW (control). Before and after a 6-wk intervention, a spot stool sample was collected and analyzed for short-chain fatty acids and microbiota composition through the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted high-throughput amplicon sequencing. GI symptoms and stool regularity were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and after weeks 2, 4, and 6. Results: Intakes of whole grains were 145.2 6 75.9, 124.2 6 57.3, and 5.4 6 3.2 g/d in the WGW, WGR, and RW groups, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was not affected by diet. The relative change in fecal butyrate decreased in the RW (238%) group compared to the WGW (25%, P = 0.014) and WGR groups (21%, P = 0.037). Other short-chain fatty acids were unaffected. Flatulence was more frequent following intake of WGW (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.17) and WGR (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.35, 5.22) compared to RW, whereas bloating was less frequent following WGW (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.80) and WGR (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.72). Stool frequency increased following WGR but not WGW, compared to RW in weeks 2 (0.4 defecations/d, P = 0.049) and 4 (0.5 defecations/d, P = 0.043), but not in week 6. The WGW and WGR groups did not differ from each other in any of the variables tested. Conclusion: Regular consumption of WGR and WGW affected fecal butyrate concentration and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy overweight adults, supporting the hypothesis that WGR and WGW can be included in the diet equally to maintain gut health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02358122.

2024

Kuria for their support, encouragement and counsel throughout the project work and writing of this thesis. I am grateful for their tireless assistance in reading, correcting and discussing this work with me. I wish to acknowledge the University of Nairobi for awarding me a scholarship to pursue this degree. I also wish to acknowledge the financial assistance I received from the Cooper Kenya Brand, without which it would have been impossible to do the project. I gratefully appreciate Mr. Kanyi, Karuku and Mwaura, for their help in carrying routine project duties. My thanks also go to Anne Njuguna, Sebastine Itenya, Elizabeth Wainaina, Anne Kimende, Desmond Ambale, Kibe, Rose Nyawira, and David Muriithi for their help in laboratory work and analysis of the data. Special thanks go to the staff members of the Department of Animal production for their encouragement and guidance during the project work and writing of this thesis. Lastly, I am deeply indebted to my beloved husband Sebastine and son Trevor for their tireless support and patience during the long period spent in this work. To them I will forever be grateful.

2024

Background. Antibiotic supplementation in feed has been continued for the previous 60 years as therapeutic use. ey can improve the growth performance and feed efficiency in the chicken flock. A favorable production scenario could favor intestinal microbiota interacting with antibiotic growth promoters and alter the gut bacterial composition. Antibiotic growth promoters did not show any beneficial effect on intestinal microbes. Scope and Approach. Suitable and direct influence of growth promoters are owed to antimicrobial activities that reduce the conflict between host and intestinal microbes. Unnecessary use of antibiotics leads to resistance in microbes, and moreover, the genes can relocate to microbes including Campylobacter and Salmonella, resulting in a great risk of food poisoning. Key Findings and Conclusions. is is a reason to find alternative dietary supplements that can facilitate production, growth performance, favorable pH, and modulate gut microbial function. erefore, this review focus on different nutritional components and immune genes used in the poultry industry to replace antibiotics, their influence on the intestinal microbiota, and how to facilitate intestinal immunity to overcome antibiotic resistance in chicken.

2024

The review delves into the association between antibiotics and psychiatric side effects, such as depression and anxiety, highlighting the role of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Through mechanisms like vagal nerve manipulation and short-chain fatty acid modulation, the gut microbiota significantly influences brain function. While certain antibiotics exhibit antidepressant properties, like isoniazid and minocycline, their broader impact warrants further exploration. Antibiotic-induced changes in gut barrier function, neurotransmitter levels, and blood-brain barrier integrity, coupled with reduced neurotrophic factors and vagal tone, present additional risks. Notably, fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams may stimulate the central nervous system, necessitating caution alongside antidepressants. Preclinical research on rifampicin for neurodegenerative diseases shows promise. Although psychiatric disorders from antibiotic use are rare, mitigating unintended impacts on brain-gut-microbiota interactions is crucial. Addressing antibiotic resistance in drug development underscores the importance of clinicians' awareness of these potential mental health effects. In conclusion, while antibiotics are crucial for treating infections, their association with psychiatric side effects underscores the importance of understanding their impact on mental health. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and to develop strategies for mitigating unintended impacts on brain-gut microbiota interactions.

2024, Journal article

Background and Aim: To combat enteric infections and antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry, researchers seek alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as growth promoters. Synbiotics support probiotic growth through the supply of essential nutrients. The study's objectives were to assess the most effective delivery methods for synbiotics and evaluate their growth, histomorphometric, and hematological impacts on Cobb-500 broilers. Materials and Methods: Two studies, independently conducted, employed a completely randomized design. One hundred and eighty viable eggs in the first trial were assigned to three groups: Control (T1), sterile water (T2), and synbiotic in sterile water (T3). On the 21 st day of hatching, hatchability, day-old body weights, and ileum samples for histomorphometric analysis were recorded. In the second trial, out of 500 viable eggs, 200 eggs were fed in ovo with synbiotics (PoultryStar® sol, Biomin Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore) on 17.5 days and 300 were set aside without in ovo injection. The treatments were control (T1), in water synbiotic (T2), in ovo synbiotic (T3), combination of in ovo synbiotic and synbiotic in feed (T4), and synbiotic in feed only (T5). On 21 and 42 days, blood, ileum, and visceral organ samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Data on weight gain, daily feed intake, and water consumption were recorded for 42 days. Results: The initial experiment's results revealed a decrease in hatchability, slight weight increase, and significant intestinal morphological changes with the use of an in ovo synbiotic. Applying synbiotic through various methods in the second trial yielded better growth results, lower blood cholesterol, and significantly longer (p < 0.05) villi on 21 days. Conclusion: Using the in ovo method to administer synbiotics lowered hatchability. Use of synbiotics with any method or in combination enhances growth, ileum structure, dressing yield, feed efficiency, and cholesterol levels in blood. Synbiotics enhance gut health and overall performance in broilers when used through diverse approaches.

2024, Veterinary World

2024, Animals

Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production have been related to the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria. The AGP ban in many countries has highlighted the growing need for alternatives for feed additives. Considering the non-antibiotic anti-inflammatory theory of AGPs, chicks received three different doses of sodium salicylate (SS) in feed (10, 30, 90 mg/kg), basal diet (BD) was used as a negative control, and zinc bacitracin (ZB) was used as a positive control. Chicks were individually housed to increase the accuracy of the dose of SS ingested. Performance parameters and footpad dermatitis were evaluated weekly, while haematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and tibial dyschondroplasia were determined on Days 21 and 42. A linear dose-dependent decrease in haemoglobin concentration was observed, but the values were within the normal reference range. Among all the other evaluated parameters, no relevant differences between treatments were observed; howeve...

2024, Food Chemistry

To unravel prospective lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts with potential application in potato-based products, the microbial diversity of fermented potato was studied. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the 5 samples differ in microbial compositions resulting from nutrients modification by the pretreatment methods adopted. Weisella and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to be the dominant LAB and yeast in fermented potato respectively. The high abundance of Weisella (35.84%) and Gluconobacter (20.80%) in steamed fermented potato (SFP) resulted in lowering of pH (4.39 ± 0.09) and inhibition of undesirable bacteria and fungi. Fermentation increased protein and dietary fiber contents of boiled fermented potato (BFP) and SFP, with highest protein content (8.18 ± 0.22%) recorded in BFP. The dietary fiber contents of BFP and SFP are 9.68 ± 0.68% and 9.48 ± 0.37% respectively with no observable significant difference. This study provides information on microorganisms with potential benefits in quality enhancement of potato-based products.

2024, Research Article

Objectives: This research aimed to examine how yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fermented layer moist diet (YFM-D) influencing egg production, its quality, and duck's growth performance during the age range of 23-29 weeks.
Materials and Methods: A total of 84 laying Jinding ducks were arbitrarily allotted into one of two dietary groups. Each group had 42 birds in 3 replicates and 14 birds per replication. Each duck was daily offered 140 gm dry matter (DM) from a layer diet (Crude Protein −17.83% and ME-2760 Kcal/kg DM) and a yeast-fermented layer moist diet (50% layer diet + 50% water) and reflected as control diet (CON-D) and yeast-fermented layer moist diet (YFM-D), respectively. The layer diet was fermented using yeast premix at a 1.0% level of feed.
Results: Considerably elevated DM intake was obtained in ducks that received YFM-D (120 gm) than CON-D (112 gm). Subsequently, ducks fed YFM-D improved almost 5.24% and 4.26% higher egg mass and hen-day egg production than CON-D, respectively (p < 0.05). Though feed conversion ratio (egg basis) was unaffected (p > 0.05), ducks receiving YFM-D almost revealed 21%-22% higher body weight compared to CON-D (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher yolk weight, color, and Haugh unit were measured in ducks offered YFM-D than CON-D (p < 0.05), while YFM-D showed the propensity for better egg and albumen weight. However, shell weight and yield, albumen, and yolk yield were not varied between the two groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: It may be concluded that a YFM-D enhanced hen day egg production at the early stage of laying while boosting live weight gain and enhancing egg quality.

2024, Journal Agro Veteriner (Agrovet)

Probiotics are all forms of microbial cell preparations or components of microbial cells that have a beneficial effect on the health and life of the host. Some feed additives such as the Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) hormone have been banned. Therefore, nowadays, probiotics are often used as additives to replace antibiotics. The probiotics that are widely used are lactic acid bacteria because they can increase the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving probiotics a combination of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis with doses of 2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml/head/day orally on weight gain, feed consumption, and decreased feed conversion of laying hens. This study was conducted for 2 weeks using pre layer chickens aged 21 weeks to 23 weeks old as many as 24 chickens, randomized into 4 treatments with 6 replications with P0 as control, P1 = 2 ml, P2 = 4 ml, and P3 = 6 ml. The probiotic used is a combination of probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 1x107 CFU/ml in liquid. The conclusion is that the oral administration of a combination of probiotics with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans can increase body weight, feed consumption, and reduce the feed conversion value of laying hens with the highest yield when given a dose of 4 ml.

2024, Journal Agro Veteriner (Agrovet)

2024, Animals

Chicken eggs provide a considerable source of high-quality nutrients for human food and health. However, egg consumption may harm some people for its high contents of cholesterol and association with cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, we investigated the possible effect of using Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) as a probiotic additive in the laying hens' diets on lowering egg-yolk cholesterol and also evaluated the immune responses and the productive performance of laying hens. The obtained results display the ability of LA, when supplemented in hen diets, to decrease the plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels and the liver and egg yolk cholesterols in the hen. The beneficial effects of LA were also explored on some important humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the laying hens. These positive effects led to an improvement in the productive performance of laying hens. Therefore, dietary LA supplementation could be recommended as a nutritional strategy for commercial lower-cholesterol egg production in addition to positive impacts on the performance and health of laying hens.

2024, Animals

This study examines the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on the cholesterol levels, immune response, and productive performance of laying hens. A total of 216, 40-week-old, commercial Hy-Line brown chicken layers were randomly assigned into four treatment groups (18 birds × three replicates per group) and fed diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1 × 109, 21 × 109, and 31 × 109 colony forming units (CFUs) of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) per kg of feed for six consecutive weeks. Results show that plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterols became lesser, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol became higher in LA-supplemented groups compared to the control. In addition, a significant reduction occurred in the liver and egg yolk cholesterol by LA supplementation. Moreover, the immunological parameters including antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-wattle swelling test...

2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary symbiotic supplementation on growth performance, digestive tract development, ilealhistomorphology, caecaltotalColiform, E coli andEnterobactericaeacounts in different chick weights. A blend of mannanoligosaccharide and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture was used as symbiotic. Two initial body weight groups (L= Light and H= Heavy chicks) and two feeds (B= basal diet and S= 0,2% symbiotic supplemented diet) were tested in 2x2 factorial experimental design. One hundred and twenty newly hatched chicks obtained from a healthy broiler parent stock aged 40 wk old. Each treatment group had 3 replicates consist of 10 chicks. Trial lasted for 21 days. Daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) (g feed/g gain) was recorded weekly. The DBWG, DFI, FCR and digestive tract development (heart, liver, gizzard, proventriculus, pancreas, bursa fabricius weight and gut length) were not affected by trea...