HUMIDITY SENSORS Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Auto Solar Tracker for Harnessing Maximum Solar Energy

Solar Tracker is a device designed to optimize the efficiency of solar energy systems by continuously orienting solar panels to track the movement of the sun. The demand for renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, has been growing rapidly in recent years. To maximize the efficiency of solar panels, solar tracking systems have gained significant attention. The work includes the design, development, and implementation of a single-axis solar tracker. The proposed system utilizes two Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs), a servomotor, and an Arduino microcontroller to precisely align the solar panel with the sun's position throughout the day. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed solar tracker in enhancing the power generation efficiency.

2025, Universidad & Ciencia

En el trabajo se hace un análisis crítico acerca de la idoneidad del modelo desarrollado por , que es el más utilizado en la técnica de Reflectometría de Dominio Temporal (TDR por sus siglas en inglés) y el uso de este equipamiento en suelos ferralíticos rojos de la provincia de Ciego de Ávila. Para ello se confrontaron resultados de medición de permitividad dieléctrica y contenidos de humedad obtenidos mediante el modelo de Topp, gravimetría y un equipo TDR. Se concluye que los valores de humedad reportados por el equipo TDR, cuyo funcionamiento está basado en el modelo universal de Topp, en general, son imprecisos respecto a los obtenidos por gravimetría. Se sugiere, para la explotación confiable de estos novedosos equipos, la obtención de curvas de calibración que relacionen los valores de humedad dados por ellos y los reportados por el método gravimétrico.

2025, CECTI

La descripción cuantitativa de las propiedades de conductividad hidráulica del
suelo de cultivo es fundamental para optimizar el uso de recursos hídricos. Continuamente
se proponen modelos analíticos y numéricos para intentar predecir las dinámicas de
infiltración de agua, e identificar parámetros hidráulicos para planear esquemas de
asignación y uso de recursos hídricos para irrigación. Sin embargo, el proceso de
percolación es dinámico, es de naturaleza no-lineal y depende de una gran cantidad de
variables, desde el tipo, uso y contenido químico de suelo, hasta la localización geográfica
y condiciones climáticas. En consecuencia, los resultados derivados de estudios teóricos,
rara vez se pueden extrapolar para predecir las propiedades de los suelos con respecto a
la evolución y uso del suelo, aún para la misma región y/o terreno. En este trabajo se
propone que la utilización de técnicas de identificación de sistemas en base a mediciones
de cambios de impedancia del suelo conforme se aplica el riego, puede entregar modelos
de conductividad hidráulica que se ajusten las condiciones cambiantes del suelo de cultivo.
Para obtener las mediciones se utiliza un sistema de instrumentación multinivel para
medición de impedancia del suelo, que se transfieren a un algoritmo de identificación de
sistemas en espacio de estados para obtener los modelos de conductividad hidráulica. Los
modelos resultantes se evalúan en términos de porcentaje de aproximación y criterio de
información Akaike con una exactitud promedio superior a 94%.

2025

Heat is the primary cause of weather-related illnesses in the United States. Often, it is not just the heat but the combination of heat and humidity. The Heat Index reflects what the temperature feels like to the human body when relative humidity is factored in with air temperature, influencing the body's comfort level at any given time. Extreme heat indices lead to significant discomfort and health issues. This research aims to analyze the heat index in selected areas of Iowa. For this project, a DHT11 sensor, which measures temperature and humidity, was connected to an Arduino Uno board. The temperature sensor offers a 16-bit resolution with an accuracy of +/- 2°C and a repeatability of +/- 1°C. The humidity sensor has an accuracy of +/- 5% RH at 25°C and a repeatability of +/- 1% RH. During the experiment on the Arduino Uno, the heat index averaged 72.5°F at room temperature in Iowa city, which is considered safe. Room temperature was also recorded using the TMP36 temperature sensor. Additionally, data from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) was processed in real-time to analyze the Heat Index for Des Moines, Iowa. The code incorporated Ip widgets, which allowed for the simulation of random heat indices for any location.

2025

The humi dity sensors based on optical methods are best sui ted fo r those si tu ati ons where remote anal ys i~ capability, hi gh sensitivity and co mpactness of the device are the criteria for the meas urement of humidity levels. The sensing element of optical humidity sensors consi sts of a rutil e structured Ti0 2 thin tllm deposited on the base of an isosceles glass prism. Such a Ti0 2 film is porous and highly sensitive to humidit y. Li ght from He-Ne laser sou rce enters the prism from one of the isosceles faces of th e pri sm, and then gets reflected from the glass tllm interface, before emerging out from the other isosceles face of the prism. The emergent beam is collected through an optical fiber, which is conn ected to an opti cal power meter for measurement. Vari ations in the intensity of li ght caused by changes in humidit y lying in the range 5-95 % have been reco rded.

2024, PUBVET

A caprinocultura apresenta importante papel econômico-social para a região Nordeste, por suprir as populações de baixa renda de proteína de valor biológico. A região possui o maior rebanho caprino do Brasil, resultante da adaptação destes animais às condições climáticas locais. As diferentes respostas do animal às peculiaridades de cada região são determinantes no sucesso da atividade pela adequação do sistema produtivo às características do ambiente e ao potencial produtivo dos animais. Nesta revisão serão abordados alguns aspectos fisiológicos e bioclimáticos da caprinocultura nas condições semiáridas. Palavras chave: bioclimatologia, equilibro térmico, ruminantes Physiological and bioclimatic aspects of goats in semi-arid regions ABSTRACT. The goat provides important economic and social role in the Northeast, by supplying the low-income populations of protein biological value. The region has the largest goat herd in Brazil, resulting from the adaptation of these animals to local climatic conditions. The different responses of the animal to the peculiarities of each region are key to the success of the activity by adapting the production system to the characteristics of the environment and the productive potential of animals. In this review we discuss some aspects of the physiological and bioclimatic the goat farming in semi-arid conditions.

2024, Sensors

In this work; resistive moisture sensors were obtained by dip coating sulfonated polycarbonate (SPC) onto silver interdigitated electrodes. Commercial polycarbonate was sulfonated with acetyl sulphate at two different sulfonation degrees corresponding to 9.0 and 18.0 mole %. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the humidity sensing properties at controlled relative humidity (RH%) environments generated from standard saline solutions in the range of 11-90 RH%. For the highest sulfonated sample; in the RH% range investigated (11 to 90%); the sensor impedance changed from 4.7 MΩ to 18 kΩ. Humidity sensors made from sulfonated polycarbonate showed exponential decay behavior of the impedance at constant frequency with the environmental relative humidity. Sample 9SPC presented dielectric relaxation response for environmental humidity between 58 and 90 RH% while sample 18SPC presented dielectric relaxation response for the entire measured range between 11 and 90 RH%. Sulfonated polycarbonate could be a promising material for the fabrication of simple and cheap humidity-sensing sensors for the assessment of relative humidity of the surrounding environment, as suggested by experimental results.

2024, Revista de Geología Aplicada a la Ingeniería y al Ambiente

Re su men Para determinar el flujo de agua en la zona vadosa es necesario resolver la ecuación de Richards y para ello se necesitan definir las funciones hidráulicas: humedad del suelo-succión y conductividad hidráulica-succión. Estas funciones requieren de la determinación de las propiedades hidráulicas que pueden obtenerse mediante la medición del contenido de agua (perfiles de humedad) en laboratorio o en campo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la verificación de las curvas de humedad de los suelos loésicos al sur de la ciudad de Córdoba determinadas teóricamente a través de estudios realizados en laboratorio, en otros suelos y curvas granulométricas. Para ello se realizaron modelaciones de infiltración utilizando las funciones hidráulicas determinadas y se contrastaron con las mediciones realizadas. Las mediciones se efectuaron utilizando tres sondas (una de Humedad, Temperatura y Conductividad Eléctrica del Suelo y dos sólo de Humedad) que se instalaron a distintas profundidades. Este análisis muestran que las funciones hidráulicas determinadas precedentemente representan adecuadamente el comportamiento de humedecimiento y secado. Los resultados de la simulación justifican utilizar metodologías que permitan incorporar las propiedades hidráulicas de los suelos en las simulaciones hidrológicas para representar la respuesta del suelo frente a los eventos de precipitación y secado.

2024, ACS Nano

Sensors allow an electronic device to become a gateway between the digital and physical worlds, and sensor materials with unprecedented performance can create new applications and new avenues for user interaction. Graphene oxide can be exploited in humidity and temperature sensors with a number of convenient features such as flexibility, transparency and suitability for large scale manufacturing. Here we show that the two-dimensional nature of graphene oxide and its super-permeability to water combine to enable humidity sensors with unprecedented response speed (~30ms response and recovery times). This opens the door to various applications, such as touch-less user interfaces, which we demonstrate with a 'whistling' recognition analysis. Graphene is only the first of a new class of two-dimensional (2D) crystals with unique properties, 1 which are being investigated and deployed with increasing vigor in various fields such as electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, functionalized graphene materials provide a further set of 2D materials with exceptional promise for biological and chemical sensors.

2024, International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences (ISSN: 2581-4621)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar tracking system integrated with weather monitoring capabilities. The system is designed to maximize the efficiency of solar panels by continuously adjusting their orientation to track the sun's position throughout the day. In addition to solar tracking, the system incorporates weather monitoring sensors to collect real-time data on environmental conditions such as cloud cover, wind speed, temperature and light intensity. This data is utilized to dynamically adjust the solar panel's position to optimize energy production and system performance in varying weather conditions. The integration of dual-axis tracking with weather monitoring enhances the overall efficiency and reliability of solar energy systems, making them more adaptable to changing environmental factors and increasing their potential for renewable energy generation.

2024

The objective of the research was to evaluate the physiological responses of lactating goats and nuliparian goats of the Anglonubian breed in rectal temperature, respiratory rate (RF) and heart rate (HR), such as environmental variables, air temperature (AT) and humidity (AU), body surface temperature and skin temperature (TPELE), which were correlated with body weight (BW) and body score (BW), in two periods of the year (rainy and dry). Ten lactating and 10 non-lactating goats were used. It was used the Design in Casuled Blocks (DBC), or test data of means used for the Tukey test. There was an effect (P<0.05) of the climatic variables in the dry and rainy periods. For body temperatures, they were (38.18øC) for the skin and (37.76 C) for the skin. There was no difference (P>0.05) for RT between the lactating and non lactating goats in the periods, respectively, with effect (P <0.05) in the periods. The temperature of the udder (TBI) with difference (P<0.05) before and af...

2024, Chemical Reviews

Figure 2. Fabrication of photonic sensing materials. (a) Dipping layer-by-layer assembly. (b) Spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly. Reprinted with permission from ref 21a. Copyright 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Layer-by-layer deposition by alternating spray coating of polyanions and-cations. The films may incorporate functional materials such as nanoparticles and enyzmes. Reprinted with permission from ref 32. Copyright 2009 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. (d) Electrostatic repulsion-driven self-assembly of monodisperse, charged polystyrene particles into crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) with face-centered cubic (FCC) or body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices. Reprinted with permission from ref 33. Copyright 2002 Springer. (e) Fabrication of inverse opal thin films. This process involves colloidal self-assembly, matrix infiltration, and template removal. Reprinted with permission from ref 34. Copyright 2010 National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. (f) Self-assembly of diblock copolymers into spherical, cylindrical, gyroid, and lamellar geometries. Reprinted with permission from ref 35. Copyright 1995 American Chemical Society. (g) Interference lithography involves an optical setup with four interfering beams, forming diamond-like interference patterns. Reprinted with permission from ref 36.

2024

Cooling greenhouses is essential to provide a suitable environment for plant growth in arid regions. However, using conventional cooling methods are facing many challenges. Filtering out near infra-red radiation (NIR) at the greenhouse cover can significantly reduce the heating load and can solve the overheating problem of the greenhouse air temperature. Four cases of shadings were examined for their ability to improve the indoor condition of a greenhouse cooled by indirect direct evaporative cooler: (shade 1) a single layer of polyethylene film, (shade 2) a double layer of polyethylene film, (shade 3) a double layer of polyethylene film with a green mesh layer (shade 4) a double layer of polyethylene film with a Utrecht Corrugated Cardboard with 3cm holes distributed for incident sun light. An experimental study is conducted to determine the performance parameters of indirect direct evaporative cooling of greenhouse in Baghdad (33.3 o N, 44.4 o E) for the four types of shadings. It was found that the percentage reduction in light intensities for shade 1, shade 2 and shade 3 are 15%, 25% and 40% respectively. It percentage reduction solar intensity due to shades is increases at the beginning and ending of sunny period, while it was minimum at noon. The percentage reduction in temperature due to indirect direct evaporative cooling for the shade1, shade 2 and shade 3 and shade 4 are 32.4, 36.3, 42.4, and 47 respectively. The percentage increasing in relative humidity due to indirect direct evaporative cooling for the shade1, shade 2 and shade 3 and shade 4 are 562.5, 729, 871, and 788 respectively. The percentage increasing in temperature due heating load of greenhouse for the shade1, shade 2 and shade 3 and shade 4 are 41.4, 33.2, 20.5, and 11 respectively. The percentage decrease in relative humidity due heating load of greenhouse for the shade1, shade 2 and shade 3 and shade 4 are 43.4, 31, 11.8, and 7 respectively.

2024, Journal of Applied Polymer Science

ABSTRACTCellulose nanofibril (CNF) films were prepared from side streams generated by the sugarcane industry, that is, bagasse. Two fractionation processes were utilized for comparison purposes: (1) soda and (2) hot water and soda pretreatments. 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl‐mediated oxidation was applied to facilitate the nanofibrillation of the bagasse fibers. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was chosen as plasticizer to improve the ductility of CNF films. The neat CNF and biocomposite films (CNF and 40% PEG) were used for fabrication of self‐standing humidity sensors. CNF‐based humidity sensors exhibited high change of impedance, within four orders of magnitude, in response to relative humidity (RH) from 20 to 90%. The use of plasticizer had an impact on sensor kinetics. While the biocomposite film sensors showed slightly longer response time, the recovery time of these plasticized sensors was two times shorter in comparison to sensors without PEG. This study demonstrated that...

2024, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

ABSTRACT. Medeiros L.F.D., Rodrigues V.C., Vieira D.H., Souza S.L.G. de, Neto O.C., Figueiredo N. de, Pinto C.F.D., Miranda A.L. & Violento C.B. [Physiological reactions in goat breeds maintained under shade, sun and partially shaded areas.] Reações fisiológicas de cabras em diferentes ambientes e coeficiente de tolerância ao calor em cabritos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(4):286-296, 2015. Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brasil. E-mail: diasmedeiros@yahoo.com.br The experiment was carried out to measure the effects of thermal stress on the rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory frequency (RF), in animals of Boer and Saanen breeds, under the conditions of hot and humid climate of city of Rio de Janeiro, Baixada Fluminense, South East Region of Brazil; also the heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) of Amakiri e Funcho was applied on pure and crossb...

2024, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

2024, Sensors

2024, Journal of Lightwave Technology

Lossy mode resonances (LMRs) are typically obtained with optical fibre. The Kretschmann configuration is an alternative but LMRs are generated with angles approaching grazing incidence. In this work, a new setup is explored, based on the lateral incidence of light on conventional planar waveguides such as glass slides or coverslips. Indium tin oxide was deposited onto both types of waveguides generating LMRs. The results of the simulations carried out agree well with the experimental results. As an example of the potential of this new and simple optical configuration, a humidity sensor with a sensitivity of 0.212 nm/%RH in the range from 65 to 90% of RH was developed, which expedites the development of other types of sensors already explored with LMR based optical fibre sensors.

2024, Agricultural and Biological Research

With the use of the internet of things and wireless sensor networks, the suggested study work improves the traditional approach to onion growing in rural areas. This study proposes the creation and deployment of a thermalbased Internet of Things system within onion farms, with the goal of managing devices such as fans and heaters according to the ideal range of onion production and good onion growth.

2024, Sensors and Actuators A-physical

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2024, Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

2024, Journal of Applied Polymer Science

2024, Acta Physica Polonica A

In this study, we report on the optimization and characterization of chloroform soluble calix[4]arene derivative as a humidity sensor based on electrical properties. Due to the fact that calix[4]arene molecules are nonconductive, we modied the calix[4]arene molecules with carbon nanotubes with electrostatic bond in order to increase the conductance of calix[4]arene molecule (5,11,17,23-tetra-ter-butyl-25,27-dehydrazinamidcarbonilmetoxy-26,28-dehydroxy-kalix[4]aren). Using photolithography technique, we fabricated interdigitated gold electrodes with 3 micrometers separation to investigate the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes modied calix[4]arene molecule where we used dropcast method to form a thin lm of carbon nanotubes modied calix[4]arene molecule on the gold electrodes. Our reproducible experimental results indicated that the chloroform soluble carbon nanotubes modied calix[4]arene lms have great potential for humidity sensing applications at room temperature operations.

2024, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

out during the year 2016-2017. In this study, water samples were analyzed from industrial wastewater mainly that has been utilized in the farmlands only in the surrounding areas.

2024, Congreso Ibérico de Agroingeniería

2024, Revista Verde de …

Resumo A caprinocultura leiteira no Brasil, nas últimas três décadas, vem se consolidando como uma atividade rentável, e esta atividade está alicerçada na exploração de raças caprinas exóticas, geralmente de origem de clima temperado,... more

2024, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Sun is a tremendous source which creates energy through atomic parting of hydrogen cores into helium and as a side-effect of this delivered energy in the sun oriented radiations are produced. This sun based radiation then, at that point, strikes the earth surface and how much sun oriented radiation got by earth surface is around 1367 W (watt) per square meter. These sunlight based radiations can then be utilized for a few purposes like warming, The power creation in sun oriented warming can be by utilizing level plate gatherers which ingests and moves intensity to type of a liquid (water or air). The thought for this undertaking is to manufacture a solar pump that would be utilized on ranches. Sustainable power sources that are plentiful in nature and Solar Energy source particularly, has the ability to furnish energy prerequisites with right around zero outflow. The sun powered energy is accessible in enormous amounts and no other source in sustainable power has as much potential as sun oriented energy. The sun oriented controlled water siphoning framework can be utilized in all strolls of Works anyway it is broadly used and appropriate for provincial regions that witness energy emergency circumstances. A large number of these clients are excessively far away from an electrical framework to financially tap that can be utilized as a wellspring of force or motor driven siphoning framework that will in general be profoundly costly as well as untrustworthy because of the significant expense of bought fuel, lacking support and fix capacities. The arrangement of water pumping system in GIFT is done after a few examinations of an area getting great daylight. The assignment started with a thought of utilizing mulching method under this water system framework to look at dampness contrast and water maintenance period with and without mulching. Certain assortment of yields we planted to work out measure of water a plant utilizes at a typical rate at the same time determined water system productivity of the siphon Saving and reusing of water has turned into a central issue, where a sunlight-based fueled water system framework gives a decent reinforcement to water emergencies.

2024, Revista Científica de Produção Animal

RESUMO-Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se avaliar o comportamento de características termorreguladoras de caprinos, ovinos e bovinos durante os períodos seco e chuvoso e correlacionar com variáveis meteorológicas registradas ao longo do ano em ambiente semi-árido. Foram utilizadas dez cabras e dez ovelhas "sem padrão racial definido" (SPRD), além de dez vacas mestiças de Holandês. A temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR) e a taxa de sudação (TS) dos animais foram medidas a cada 15 dias, às 9 h e às 15 h, durante os meses de abril a junho e outubro a dezembro. Nos mesmos horários o ambiente foi monitorado quanto à temperatura e umidade do ar, carga térmica radiante (CTR) e Índice de Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU). Os resultados mostraram médias de variáveis ambientais superiores ao considerado adequado para as três espécies. Os valores críticos foram concentrados na época chuvosa, que ocorreu do mês de janeiro a junho e no horário das 15:00, quando foram verificadas maiores TR e FR e menores TS. A espécie caprina foi a que apresentou menor elevação da temperatura retal e necessitou acionar em menor escala os mecanismos de termólise respiratória e cutânea. A TR, FR e TS foram correlacionadas de maneira positiva e significativa com taxa de sudação e com todas as variáveis meteorológicas. No período chuvoso à tarde houve maior aquecimento corporal e redução da termólise evaporativa cutânea, nas três espécies, além das variáveis climáticas atingiram valores mais elevados.

2024, IJIRIS:: AM Publications,India

This project presents a cost-effective IoT-based system designed for monitoring temperature, humidity, and dust levels in food storage environments to mitigate the risk of food poisoning. Utilizing sensors and a microcontroller, real-time data is collected and transmitted to a cloud platform through a secure communication protocol. The cloud-based solution incorporates a backend server and a database for efficient data processing and storage. A user-friendly web or mobile interface enables stakeholders to monitor conditions, set custom thresholds, and receive timely alerts. The system's design emphasizes scalability, adaptability, and ease of deployment, making it suitable for various food storage facilities. Rigorous testing ensures the reliability and accuracy of the system, and its implementation is intended to enhance food safety practices. Ongoing maintenance and updates are incorporated to ensure the sustained effectiveness of the monitoring solution in preventing food borne illnesses.

2024, Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR)

This project presents a Smart Agriculture System that uses sensor technologies to improve crop monitoring and automate irrigation procedures. A variety of sensors are integrated into the system, such as a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, a photodiode for ambient light sensing, and a soil moisture sensor. When taken as a whole, these sensors offer real-time information on the concentrations of gases, ambient light levels, temperature fluctuations, and soil conditions in agricultural environments. The system’s primary function is to continuously monitor soil moisture levels in order to determine when irrigation is necessary. A water pump is activated when a predetermined moisture threshold is reached, guaranteeing timely and precise irrigation for the best possible crop growth. By monitoring the climate, the temperature sensor helps determine the environmental factors that affect crop health. Farmers can monitor important parameters with ease thanks to the convenient and user-friendly interface that the real-time display of sensor data on an LCD screen provides. Furthermore, by measuring the amount of natural light present, the ambient light sensor helps the system to optimize planting schedules and comprehend the impact of sunlight on crop development. The addition of a gas sensor expands the capabilities of the system by identifying possible environmental risks or variations in gas concentrations that could have an impact on crop quality. In addition to providing farmers with useful information about the health of their crops, this integrated smart agriculture system makes irrigation automation easier, saving water and increasing overall agricultural productivity. Due to its flexibility and scalability, the system is an invaluable resource for contemporary precision agriculture, contributing to sustainable farming practices and increased crop yields.

2024

An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors placed in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information, triggers actuators, and transmits data to a web application. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of temperature and soil moisture that was programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water quantity. The system was powered by photovoltaic panels and had a duplex communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface that allowed for data inspection and irrigation scheduling to be programmed through a web page. The automated system was tested in a sage crop field for 136 days and water savings of up to 90% compared with traditional irrigation practices of the agricultural zone were achieved. Three replicas of the automated system have been used successfully in other places for 18 months. Because of its energy autonomy and low cost, the system has the potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated areas.

2024, Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI

El agua es un recurso prioritario de estudio en varias ramas de la ciencia, incrementado por las dinámicas sociales. Es un factor determinante en la fertilidad del suelo, afectando el desarrollo de los cultivos, su disponibilidad da sustento a los procesos biológicos; también ayuda a regular la temperatura del suelo. En la actualidad se busca monitorear la cantidad de agua disponible, para optimizar su uso y controlar las propiedades del suelo. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de las propiedades eléctricas del suelo a partir del uso de diferentes métodos e instrumentos para la medición de la humedad. Los instrumentos para medición de humedad basados en propiedades eléctricas son fácilmente adaptables para ser automatizados y operados en forma remota. Este tipo de instrumentos, aunque requieren de mantenimiento y calibración, poseen buena precisión y un corto tiempo de muestreo, lo que da factibilidad a su aplicación a las ciencias agrícolas en particular para su uso en zo...

2024

We report the performance of humidity sensors based on rhenium disulphide (ReS2) field-effect transistors (FETs). The underlying mechanism includes electrons being transferred from water molecules and/or dissociated ions into the ReS2 to induce variations in transistor behaviors. A negative gate biasing improved the sensing responsivity especially in the low humidity range. Meanwhile, the threshold voltage change was found to be a superior parameter with which to monitor humidity level in a wide range of 0-70% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature. Practical sensitivity of threshold voltage change of 0.45 V per 1%RH was achieved. These results outperform over reported research from literature, which can be utilized for future sensing device applications.

2024, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

This paper presents a preliminary optimization study of the performance of conductive resonators inkjet-printed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with an increasing number of printed layers in a range 1-20 layers. Samples were tested and the amplitude of the frequency response was demonstrated to follow a power function with the increasing number of layers. Results indicate that with only 2 printed layers the signal intensity approaches 70% of the maximum intensity obtained with the highest number of layers (20), and that with 5 printed layers the signal reaches 83%. This demonstrates that only few deposited layers can be considered a good compromise for the production of Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) resonators by inkjetprinting on PET. Finally, the selected sample was tested as a chipless humidity sensor in a configuration with a 150µm-thick Nafion 117 sensitive material.

2024, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

In this work for the first time, a new bis(4-benzylpiperazine-1-carbodithioato-k 2 S,Sʹ)nickel(II) complex (hereafter caged nickel sulfide) has been used to fabricate the capacitive-type and resistive-type sensor. The surface consisted of 2D plates, pores and pore-channels of various shapes and size. These 2D plates and pores played a pivotal role in the sensing mechanism of the sensor. The conduction mechanism is based on Von Grotthuss mechanism. In the relative humidity (RH) range 30-90%, the resistance of the sensor was decreased by two orders of magnitude (from 2.94 × 10 8 Ω at 30%RH to 2.34 × 10 6 Ω at 90%RH at operational frequency of 120 Hz). While at applied frequency of 120 Hz, capacitance of the sensor was increased from 15.95 pF to 38.1 pF in the range of 30-90%RH. At higher frequency (10 kHz) the capacitance of the sensor is reduced to 6.285 pF. The maximum hysteresis of 1.54% is noted which is less than the reported in the literature. The response and recovery time of the sensor were 25 and 30 s, respectively, which are either far smaller or greater than the response and recovery time of the various sensors reported in the literature.

2024, Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

A novel tapered plastic optic fiber (POF) biosensor is proposed and demonstrated for monitoring limonene in different concentrations. The mechanism of this device is based on an increase in the light transmission of a sensor submerged in a higher-concentration limonene solution, which also reflects an increase in the refractive index of the sensor. The tapered POF was fabricated using the chemical etching method to accomplish different waist diameters of 0.6 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.5 mm, with a fiber length of 10 cm and a 2 cm sensing region. An Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) program was used to drive the voltage values from the photodetectors to obtain the measurements. As the limonene concentration solution varied from 20% to 100%, the output voltage of the sensor increased linearly, showing a sensitivity of 0.295 V/%, 0.33 V/%, and 0.46 V/% for tapered waist diameters of 0.6 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.5 mm, respectively. The proposed sensor is a low-cost solution measurement...

2024, Revista de Geología Aplicada a la Ingeniería y al Ambiente

2024, Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um sistema silvipastoril no conforto térmico de 20 búfalas Murrah, das quais 10 criadas em piquetes sem sombra (SS) e 10 com sombreamento (CS) de Racosperma mangium, em Belém, PA. Os animais foram alimentados em pasto, com Urochloa humidicola, com acesso livre à água para beber e sal mineral. A cada três dias, foram mensuradas: temperatura do ar (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), temperatura de globo negro (TGN), temperatura retal (TR), frequências respiratória (FR) e cardíaca (FC), e a temperatura da superfície corporal (TSC), pela manhã (7h) e à tarde (13h). Os valores de TR, TSC, FR e FC foram maiores à tarde, especialmente no grupo SS. Mais altas no período menos chuvoso, a TR, TSC e FR apresentaram correlação linear positiva com a TA e o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITGU) e negativa com a UR. Tanto na estação mais chuvosa quanto na menos chuvosa, a FC apresentou correlações significativas positivas com a TA e ITGU e negativa...

2024, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

There are many water pumping system such as diesel powered, solar photovoltaic, mechanical windmill exists. Few
combine solar and wind energy sources to provide better performance and reliability to the existing system. In this paper wind
turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping array are analyzed separately and are combined as a hybrid system.

$Fig: block diagram of hybrid water pumping control system for irrigation by using ardunio \e production of electricity in India from utilities has increased from 9, 22,451 GWh during 2011-12 to 9, 63,722 GWh durin; 12-13.All the generated power are not effectively utilized, transmission losses may occur in the power system and reduce th ficiency of the power transmitted. The estimated electricity consumption increased from 4, 11,887 GWh during 2005-06 to & ;900 GWh during 2012-2013 and further increases during 2014 due to the utilization of heavy rated machines. Vast power i nsumed by agriculture and industries, since Agriculture plays a significant role in the socio economic development of a country \e subsidies paid for the power consumption by the agriculturist is less? This may affect the economic status of our country. So, i der to reduce the consumption of power from the main grid, Hybrid system is implemented in the agricultural land. But sriculture faces a problem such as soil consolidation, dryness, flood may occur by supplying excessive water to the field igation acts as a key tool for solving these problems .It assists the effective growth of crops, Maintains landscapes, revegetation o il in dry areas due to inadequate rainfall. Thus, this paper proposes the method to utilize the electric power produced from th brid solar$

2023, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

Objetivou-se estabelecer a zona de conforto térmico para ovinos da raça Santa Inês por meio da comparação das respostas fisiológicas em diferentes opções de temperatura em câmara bioclimática. O experimento teve duração de 71 dias e foi conduzido utilizando-se sete borregas da raça Santa Inês por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram as faixas de temperatura de 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40°C, com três repetições (dias de exposição) e cinco dias de intervalo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os dados meteorológicos coletados foram temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido e temperatura de globo negro e os fisiológicos, frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal, temperatura timpânica, taxa de sudação e pressão arterial. Os mecanismos fisiológicos de dissipação de calor mostraram-se eficientes em manter a homeotermia dos animais em todas as temperaturas avaliadas. A temperatura de 25°C pode ser considerada a zona de confo...

2023, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

The stratification of land according to its natural quality and economic use is of great economic importance in the current conditions of a market economy. Because according to these characteristics, the scope and level of issues such as land tax, rent, land price are determined. It is impossible to create a land cadastre without it. Agricultural lands are lands that are directly related to agriculture and are chronically used for the cultivation of agricultural products. Agricultural lands are arable lands, ie lands where cereals and other crops are always planted, orchards, ie lands where perennial fruit trees are always planted, pastures are pastures where livestock are constantly grazed, hayfields are always hayfields.

2023, Research Square (Research Square)

The effect of rare earth (Gd + 3) substitution on various properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite material with composition CoFe 2 − x Gd x O (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0,08, 0.1) prepared using combustion method was investigated. The alterations produced in the structural parameters of the spinel lattice of cobalt ferrite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structural parameter such as Lattice constant, mass density, strain, and crystallite size showed irregular variation triggered due to Rare earth inclusion. The chemical composition analysis was done using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Morphological investigations were done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dependence of A.C. susceptibility and other crucial magnetic properties on rare earth content in the ferrite matrix was also investigated. The temperature dependence of electrical properties such as DC resistivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss was also investigated to study the alterations caused due to incorporation of rare earth ions.