Heavy Duty Vehicles Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

VTI blev kontaktade av Rikspolisstyrelsen med anledning av internafunderingar specifikt efter en trafikolycka dar en kvinnlig polisforolyckats. Aven om inget vid denna olycka specifikt pekat pa att ...

2025

VTI skriver i sin verksamhetsplan 2013 att "framtiden kommer att innebära ökade krav på ett långsiktigt hållbart transportsystem där tillgänglighet, transporteffektivitet, trafiksäkerhet, klimat och miljö är viktiga ingredienser. För att begränsa utsläpp av växthusgaser framhåller EU-kommissionen ett antal åtgärder där det kan förväntas ett ökat forskningsbehov. Det är till exempel ekonomiska styrmedel och nya tekniska lösningar för fordon och infrastruktur. Kraven på ökad energieffektivitet växer, vilket ökar efterfrågan på forsknings-och utvecklingsinsatser för fordon och bränslen, energieffektivt byggande och energieffektiv infrastruktur. Den tekniskt inriktade forskningen behöver kompletteras med forskning och utveckling kring beteendevetenskapliga, ekonomiska och andra styrmedel i transportpolitiken". "Ett övergripande mål inom Sverige och inom EU är att arbeta för att minska energianvändningen där ett stort fokus har legat på att minska elförbrukningen, både inom hushållen och i industrin. Det kan därför upplevas att det finns en målkonflikt med att man inom transportsektorn arbetar för att det ska bli en ökad användning av el för framdrivning i syfte att bli mer energieffektiv. Ett ofta framfört argument är också att elfordon kommer att leda till lägre klimatpåverkan eftersom inga fossila bränslen förbränns under framdrivningen". I verksamhetsplanen står det vidare att det finns antaganden om att "miljön kommer att förbättras i stort eftersom elfordon inte släpper ut några emissioner på samma sätt som konventionella fordon. En fördel i sammanhanget är också att det finns bättre möjligheter till rening och kontroll i större kraftverk än vad det gör i varje enskilt fordon". Som ett led i denna framtidsstrategi beviljades författarna av denna rapport finansiering för ett temaprojekt; EBBE -Elbilar och beredskap inför en ökad användning. Denna rapport är en kunskapsöversikt över introduktionen av elbilar. Vi vill tacka Arne Nåbo, forskare på VTI för utmärkta tips och kunskap inom elbilsområdet, samt övriga forskare som presenterat sin forskning och de personer som bidragit i intervjuer per telefon eller mail. Christina Stave (fil. dr) forskar inom lärande, förändringsprocesser och säkerhetskultur. Annelie Carlsson (fil. dr) forskar inom energi och emissioner inom transporter. Hans Antonson (fil. dr) forskar inom planeringsprocesser, bland annat klimatförändringar.

2025, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

Blind Spot Monitoring( BSM) systems are essential for enhancing safety in heavy vehicles, which witness significantly larger eyeless spots compared to lower vehicles. These eyeless spots, especially on the sides and hinder, limit the motorist’s visibility, adding the threat of collisions during lane changes, incorporating, and turning. The primary thing of this design is
to design a BSM system that can directly descry objects or vehicles within these critical zones and warn the motorist in real time, reducing the chance of accidents.

2025, Energy Conversion and Management

This comprehensive study provides a detailed Well to Wheels (WTW) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of various Heavy-duty Vehicles (HDVs) including a Long-Haul Truck (LHT), Intercity Bus (ICB), and Refuse Truck (RT) powered by different energy sources and fuels including electricity, hydrogen, methanol, Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), and Low Sulphur (LS) diesel for benchmarking. The findings show that Hydrogen from renewable sources offers the lowest WTW CO2, CH4, and NOx emissions, though its production is energy intensive. Methanol and hydrogen from Natural Gas (NG) exhibit the highest emissions due to high fuel consumption and energy intensive production processes. LNG shows lower CO2 and NOx emissions compared to LS diesel but higher CH4 emissions, necessitating improvements in LNG production. Electrically powered HDVs, despite reducing NOx emissions, produce comparable CO2 and higher CH4 emissions due to the current global electricity mix. Amongst the studied HDV types, RTs exhibit the highest WTW CO2 and energy consumption due to frequent stops and idling, while LHTs show the lowest emissions and energy consumption. LNG-fuelled RT and LHT reduce WTW CO2 emissions by 8% and 5.6%, and NOx emissions by around 31% and 33%, respectively, compared to LS diesel. The study underscores the need for tailored solutions based on HDV type, advancements in renewable energy infrastructure, and supportive policies to facilitate the transition to sustainable fuel technologies. Focus on developing infrastructure for production of hydrogen from renewable sources, supporting innovations in energy efficient fuel production technologies, and the need for enhancing energy efficiency of vehicular powertrain to achieve a sustainable HDV sector are also highlighted.

2024

According to the Electricity Directive, suppliers of electricity must disclose their electricity portfolio with regards to energy source and environmental impact. This paper gives some examples of disclosure systems and residual electricity mixes in Norway, Sweden and Finland, compared to an approach based on a common regional disclosure. Disclosures based on the E-TRACK standard are presented, as well as the variation in CO 2 emissions from different residual mixes. The results from this study clearly show that there is a need for a harmonised, transparent and reliable system for the accounting of electricity disclosure in Europe.

2024, ERRA

This paper explores hydrogen as a visionary energy solution, focusing on its production methods, logistics, and the role of Guarantees of Origin (GO) in ensuring environmental integrity and market viability. The introduction highlights hydrogen's growing importance in the global energy transition and the need for certification mechanisms like GOs to verify the sustainability of hydrogen production. Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier capable of decarbonizing various sectors, including industry, transportation, and residential energy use, while enhancing energy security. The production section examines various methods, such as electrolysis using renewable energy and steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The paper distinguishes between "dirty" hydrogen from fossil fuels without CCS and "clean" hydrogen from renewable sources. While dirty hydrogen dominates due to cost advantages, the shift towards clean hydrogen is essential for sustainability. Effective logistics, including storage and transportation, are critical for hydrogen's success. The paper addresses challenges and solutions for hydrogen storage, such as high-pressure tanks, underground storage, and transportation methods, including pipelines and liquefied hydrogen transport. The importance of certification for hydrogen is emphasized, with GOs playing a pivotal role in providing transparency and credibility. GOs verify hydrogen's renewable or low-carbon nature, building consumer and investor confidence. The paper identifies four critical attributes of GOs: traceability, ensuring that hydrogen's origin and production details are accurately tracked; tradability, allowing GOs to be bought and sold independently of the physical hydrogen; transparency, providing clear information about hydrogen's environmental credentials; and credibility, maintaining rigorous standards and independent verification. The conclusion underscores that transitioning to a sustainable hydrogen economy requires robust infrastructure, transparent certification processes, and international cooperation. GOs ensure hydrogen's environmental integrity, supporting its adoption as a clean energy solution. In summary, this paper highlights the transformative potential of hydrogen and the crucial role of GOs in fostering a transparent, credible, and efficient hydrogen market. Hydrogen can significantly contribute to global sustainability and energy security goals through strategic investments and collaborative efforts.

2024, LASU Postgraduate School Journal (LPSJ)

Heavy vehicles face significant challenges in Lagos Metropolis due to poor infrastructure, such as inadequate road maintenance, lack of designated lanes, and insufficient signage. Also, their size, weight, and potential for accidents contribute to a disproportionate incidence of severe accidents. In view of this, the study examined heavy vehicle drivers' behaviour and road safety management in Lagos metropolis. The study employed the pragmatism philosophy and mixed method approach in data collection and analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, while the qualitative data were analysed using content analytic approach. The findings of the study revealed that the attitude, knowledge, preference, experience, and perception of heavy vehicle drivers in the state towards road safety are poor. The study concluded that developing and implementing effective local government policies tailored to the specific challenges of heavy vehicles in Lagos Metropolis is critical. The study recommended evidence-based and data-driven approaches, likewise leveraging technological advancements, to improve road safety management.

2024

This paper presents and describes recent extensions to the Vehicle Dynamics Library (VDL) for heavy and commercial road-vehicle modeling and simulation (VDL/Trucks). Until now, the VDL was targeted mainly at passenger cars applications (VDL/Cars). Users in this domain have been particularly enthusiastic about the openness, flexibility, and extensibility compared to many competing solutions. These advantages which are inherent to Modelica technology are even more important for heavy vehicles applications, where a much larger set of vehicle configurations and variations must be supported. It has therefore been natural to extend the scope of the library also into this field with the VDL/Trucks options presented in this paper. New components and templates have been introduced to reflect many standard chassis layouts. A number of new experiment templates are also supplied to make standard analysis tasks easy to perform.

2024

Jag skulle vilja rikta ett stort tack till alla er på Trivector Traffic AB för all det stöd och den hjälp jag fått av er i mitt dagliga arbete under detta examensarbete. Extra tack vill jag rikta till min företagshandledare Anna Clark för att du hållit mig på tårna och erbjudit väldigt värdefulla tips och diskussioner inom området elektrifiering av samhällets transporter. Aven ett stort tack till Almir Omerovic med kollegor på AJÅkeri i Malmö och Malmö LBC som var väldigt tillmötesgående och behjälpliga vid insamlingen av data och inte minst genom att ha delat med sig av sin kunskap och sina erfarenheter kringåkeribranschen. Jag vill också rikta ett tack till Liane Ask på Sveriges Akeriföretag Syd som möjliggjorde detta samarbete. Jagär väldigt tacksam för det stöd jag fått av min handledare Olof Samuelsson, professor vid avdelningen för Industriell elektroteknik och automation i att hålla arbetet på en hög akademisk nivå och hjälpt mig att hålla rätt kurs. Menäven tack till min biträdande handledare Lars Lindgren, forskare vid institutionen för att du bidragit med din djupa kunskap om elektriska fordon. Den modellering som genomfördes hade inte varit möjlig utan stöd från Philip Abrahamsson, projektassistent tack för din hjälp. Detta arbete harökat mina kunskaper inom lastbilsgods och förståelsen för de utmaningar sektorn står inför för att lyckas uppnå klimatmålen. Med vunna kunskaperär jag dock hoppfull inför att målen till stor del går att nå med dagens teknik och en stor beslutsamhet. Jag hoppas att detta arbete kan verka som en inspiration tillåkerier och andra aktörer att ta steget och testa ny teknik.

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

The effect of active flow control combining synthetic jets and inclined flaps on the flow behind a 1:8 scale simplified truck model is experimentally studied. Aerodynamic drag and base pressure measurements show that forcing the flow within a given range of actuation frequencies allows reducing the drag. However, results also show that such drag reductions greatly depend on the underside flow velocity.

2024, Sluttrapport

Sweden as a country, its authorities and the majority of industrial sectors have agreed on roadmaps that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 and reach zero in 2045. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has shown... more

2024, Journal of Cleaner Production

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2024

The project examines the challenges and opportunities facing Sweden's energy infrastructure with the ongoing electrification of the vehicle fleet. With the aim of exemplifying a scenario involving 4 977 163 electric cars, 614 916 light-duty trucks, 85 431 heavy-duty trucks, and 14 321 buses, the report maps out the need for an expanded and optimized charging infrastructure. Through data collection, development of distribution tools, and analysis of Sweden's energy needs, the project aims to identify strategic distributions of charging points and analyze their impact on Sweden's existing energy situation. The project has achieved a distribution of charging points within each municipality and electrical area. As a result, the project culminates in a result describing the number of occasions when Sweden's current power grid becomes overloaded and the magnitude of the shortfall at different consumption levels of 50%, 100%, and 200% for the new electrified vehicle fleet.

2024

2024, Transportation Research Part C-emerging Technologies

The technological barriers to automated driving systems (ADS) are being quickly overcome to deploy on-road vehicles that do not require a human driver on-board. ADS have opened up possibilities to improve mobility, productivity, logistics planning, and energy consumption. However, further enhancements in productivity and energy consumption are required to reach CO 2-reduction goals, owing to increased demands on transportation. In particular, in the freight sector, incorporation of automation with electrification can meet necessities of sustainable transport. However, the profitability of battery electric heavy vehicles (BEHVs) remains a concern. This study found that ADS led to profitability of BEHVs, which remained profitable for increased travel ranges by a factor of four compared to that of BEHVs driven by humans. Up to 20% reduction in the total cost of ownership of BEHVs equipped with ADS could be achieved by optimizing the electric propulsion system along with the infrastructure for a given transportation task. In that case, the optimized propulsion system might not be similar to that of a BEHV with a human driver. To obtain the results, the total cost of ownership was minimized numerically for 3072 different transportation scenarios that showed the effects of travel distance, road hilliness, average reference speed, and vehicle size on the incorporated electrification and automation, and compared to that of conventional combustion-powered heavy vehicles.

2024

Elektrifieringen av fordon drivs av nodvandigheten att drastiskt minska klimatutslappen. Samtidigt behovs mer energi- och materialresurser for att bygga elektriska drivlinor, framst for batterier, men ocksa for ocksa andra komponenter i den elektriska drivlinan, som elmotorer. Foreliggande rapport fokuserar pa elmotorer for framdrift av vagfordon, sa kallade framdriftsmotorer, och hur de kan anpassas till den cirkulara ekonomin. Material i elmotorerna med vasentlig miljo- och resurspaverkan ar aluminium, elektroplat, koppar samt magnetmaterialen. Deras produktion kraver energi som ger upphov utslapp av klimatpaverkande gaser. Kopparproduktion leder ocksa till utslapp av toxiska metaller. Koppar och magnetmetaller som kobolt och sallsynta jordartsmetaller (dit neodym och dysprosium hor) ar geologiskt knappa. Gruppen sallsynta jordartsmetaller, liksom kobolt, klassas ocksa som kritiska av EU, vilket betyder att de bedoms utgora en forsorjningsrisk samtidigt som de ar ekonomiskt viktig...

2024, Applied Thermal Engineering

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2024, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

In recent years, the development of IT systems for fleet monitoring was observed. Tire pressure monitoring systems are constantly improved. Decreased values in tire pressure can cause deformation of tires. Monitoring of tire pressure is an important function in oversized transport trucks. Tire pressure and rolling resistant influence fuel consumption. The purpose of this paper was to determine the impact of tire pressure on fuel consumption in a fleet of trucks with tire pressure monitoring system installed and to determine the impact of other factors that may affect fuel consumption, such as the vehicle weight, brake usage and cruise control usage. The results of the research were developed using a multiple regression model describing the above dependence.

2024, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

2024

The significant impact Heavy Vehicles (HV) have on freeway operations has been identified since the first edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The method of incorporating their impact in freeway capacity calculations has changed through the years. The HCM 2000 used Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) values and percent of trucks/buses and Recreational Vehicles (RV) to account for HV effect on capacity. However PCE values in the most recent HCM edition rely on a limited field database and extensive simulation runs based on this information; they were calibrated on ‗steady-flow' traffic operations. The objective of this effort was to indentify and quantify HV characteristics that have an impact of freeway throughput at various congestion levels on level, urban freeways using 1.2 million individual vehicle observations, with an emphasis on operations at LOS E and F. It was desired to use the products of this effort as recommended inputs for future simulation runs of congested freeway flow conditions. Passenger Car (PC) and HV headways were found to increase with HV presence in the traffic stream. A similar pattern was found for the PCE factor. The PCE value, under congested conditions and more than 9% HV presence, was found to be 1.76, which is higher than the HCM 2000-recommended value of 1.5 for level freeway sections. Also, passenger car was found to have the effect of more than 1 PC at congested condition with high HV presence.

2024

This report evaluates the market status and potential freight market penetration of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) and near ZEVs in the medium and heavy duty class within the California market. It evaluates alternative technologies, primarily battery electric, fuel cell, and hybrid technologies, and compares them to existing gasoline, diesel, and natural gas vehicles used in comparable applications. Refueling infrastructure requirements and logistics planning are considered along with vehicle technology. The report’s primary focus is on intra-urban, as opposed to long haul, deployment scenarios. Intra-urban scenarios produce the greatest potential for reduction of pollutant exposure while minimizing problems associated with the reduced range of some developing vehicle technologies. In California, there are currently 2080 hybrid, 300 medium duty and 40 heavy duty electric vehicles in demonstration or revenue service. There are currently plans to deploy several dozen heavy duty fuel ce...

2024

This study aims at a possible solution to predict the fuel consumption of heavy duty diesel trucks, particularly, the tractor-semitrailer for their long haul operations using various machine learning techniques. It intends to provide a possible alternative to simulation or physics based models, which often are very complicated. The stringent laws on emission control set by the Paris Agreement [1] and the fact that heavy duty trucks contribute to almost 27% of CO 2 emissions from road transport and their dependence on diesel for operations (in long haul) makes it the need of the hour to first, have an estimate on the emissions being produced and second, to develop technologies to reduce those emissions. This study focuses specifically on the first part i.e., estimating the amount of fuel consumed by heavy duty trucks in the European Union and thereby determine the emissions being produced. The main objective is to examine whether an approach of machine learning could be a viable option to predict fuel consumption. This thesis is part of the AEROFLEX project [2] and was done in collaboration with TNO, which provided all the data-sets required for the study. The idea was to explore the regime of machine learning for one time step ahead prediction of fuel consumption. Furthermore, this study also focused on the development of another model by not using any variables affected by the driver as input into the training model. This exclusion was necessary to make sure the model remained adaptive to new routes and new trucks, especially because large scale on-road testing of the newly developed trucks is impossible and also because this way would help predict the fuel consumed by a truck without the necessity of it driving on a road. The study concludes with a comparison with an existing simulation model at TNO and provide an alternative machine learning solution. It also provides a comparison between different machine learning techniques and suggest the most accurate one. It was found that machine learning could potentially be used to predict the amount of fuel consumed by a long haul heavy duty truck driving on a motorway. It was also found that engine torque was the variable that affected the fuel consumption of the truck the most. Furthermore, Neural Network was the most potent algorithm among all the other learning techniques for both the models developed in this study with it performing better than the simulation tool by a factor of approximately 3.8 in the model where the driver/drive influenced inputs were not considered in the training data-set. The results obtained from this work at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. (i.e., 0.1 seconds) are comparable to the ones reported by other sources at a sampling rate of 0.016 Hz. (i.e., 1 minute) or 0.0016 Hz. (i.e., 10 minutes). This goes on to say that the machine learning algorithms are also potent at much higher sampling frequencies.

2024

Bridge codes adopt values for dynamic allowance in traffic load models that are necessarily conservative to cover for an entire range of bridges with different mechanical characteristics, boundary conditions, and the large number of uncertainties associated to the vehicle-bridge interaction problem. A further level of conservatism occurs due to the independent manner in which the governing static load and the corresponding allowance for dynamics are specified. In particular, certain bridges are not susceptible to high levels of vehicle-bridge interaction when loaded by a critically heavy vehicle or a critical combination of vehicles. Recent advances in Bridge Weigh-In-Motion technology allow not only to collect information on the weights, spacings and speeds of the traffic loads traversing a bridge, but also to separate the maximum static strain from the total measured strain using a filtering procedure. In this paper, maximum static and total load effects are collected and analysed for three different sites as part of the European project ARCHES (6 th RTD framework programme). Bridge measurements are used to discuss the dynamics of the most frequent truck classes and the entire traffic sample. The measurements reveal a decrease in percentage increment in dynamics and a reduction on the variability of the dynamic increment as the static load effect increases. This phenomenon can be of particular relevance in the assessment of the dynamics of extreme loading cases.

2023

As conventional natural gas is a fossil fuel that contributes heavily towards carbon emissions, the government of British Columbia is targeting this issue by instituting a 15% requirement of renewable gases to be blended in with conventional natural gas by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions. One such renewable gas, Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), is currently available and being produced in BC and so would be the major contributor in achieving the 15% target. Current production of RNG is insufficient to meet the target. This paper assesses the challenges of scaling up RNG by conducting a comparative case study of Germany, the United Kingdom and California, and a mixed methods approach involving interviews, a literature review and a study of utility rate design. Four policy options are evaluated to address the barriers for RNG in achieving the 15% target. Based on this analysis, a policy shotgun approach is recommended.

2023, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

2023, Mir nauki i innovacij

The paper presents an analysis of changes in coefficients of traffic vehicles intensity increment for eight major groups of vehicles (cars, light trucks, medium trucks, heavy trucks, medium buses, heavy buses, trucks with trailers and semi-trailers), which were determined experimentally by data from visual metering and automatic meters installed on the state highways for the period 2004-2018 years. The parameters and functions of change in the traffic intensity increment for each of the groups of vehicles were selected.

2023

Construction equipment emissions in civil engineering are a major sustainability issue. However, the industry continues investing in diesel (and/or biodiesel) machines-which, even if compliant with EU regulations, are far from "clean". Cleaner technologies in construction equipment, like electrical engines, are considered more expensive investments; moreover, they are dependent on the available power supply while operating in confined areas. So, transitioning these machines sustainably involves changing technologies, business models, and public regulation. In Scandinavia, heavy-duty engines (over 25 tons) have only recently become (limitedly) available. Therefore, the current paper analyzes enablers and barriers for a sustainable transition of civil engineering construction equipment to onsite electrical machines in Scandinavia. The sustainable transition theory, combined with sustainable business models, serves as the framework of understanding. Empirically, a desk study of governance and regulation is combined with material from four fossil-free test building sites in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. The results highlight the importance of a public-private business model, where public client-driven transition is subsidy-supported (e.g., making electrical equipment available through concession, and encouraging small innovative machine manufacturers to develop electrical equipment), while waiting for international construction equipment players to become transition-ready. Recommendations for the transition thus include strengthening public-private collaboration.

2023

2021 Content and individual chapters © Alberto Pototschnig, Ilaria Conti The European Commission's support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

2023

Eco-routing is a vehicle navigation method that aims to minimize fuel or energy consumption for a given trip. It is based on a hypothesis that we can trade extra travel time for lower consumption. While the hypothesis was experimentally verified the design of a method that would fully exploit its potential proves challenging. Current solutions hinge on assumption that energy spent on any given road does not change in time. We challenge validity of this assumption by studying performance of such methods in detailed second-bysecond simulation that pronounces the time-dependencies. This allows us to quantify the real savings attainable with current eco-routing. I. INTRODUCTION Eco-routing 1 emerged as one of the strategies that aim to lower vehicle operating costs [12], [6], [4], [2]. The idea is to minimize energy (or fuel) consumption by route selection: given some origin and destination, eco-routing plots a route such that energy (fuel) needed to finish the trip is minimal. The routing is usually done on a graph where nodes represent junctions, edges represent roads and costs are estimated energies needed to travel between two junctions the road connects. Minimal path routing 2 can then be used to find the route that minimizes total energy for the trip. Authors typically reduce the complex time-variant functions that describe the costs. They must be time-invariant and nonnegative in order to use Dijkstra's routing algorithm, which is a common choice between authors. Validation is often done using the same assumptions. Full experimental validation would require a host of identical vehicles to depart from spatially and temporally identical place in order to measure consumptions on different paths to destination reliably.

2023

The future of passenger transportation lies in electrification. Freight transportation however has size and weight limitations that make electrification challenging, such that the continued emission of carbon dioxide from the combustion exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles is likely. A carbon capture strategy to intercept CO 2 from mobile emission sources, analogous to stationary capture systems for power plants, is therefore attractive to reduce CO 2 emissions from freight shipping. The economic and environmental implications of a conceptual technology, utilizing a porous adsorbent bed to selectively remove CO 2 from tailpipe exhaust, are examined herein. In the economic evaluation, the hypothetical abatement cost for mobile carbon capture is found to be competitive with stationary capture and with vehicle electrification at about $100 per ton of avoided CO 2 emissions. Based on the market potential of land freight shipping, 0.12 to 0.15 °C of avoided warming through the end of the century is achievable by the implementation of mobile carbon capture for long-haul freight vehicles. Collectively, carbon capture from heavy-duty vehicles could provide a practical, cost-competitive, and sustainable contribution to mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions.

2023, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

Presenting an optimization model for the location of electric bus charging stations. • Model application to a large-scale case study for the bus network of Stockholm, Sweden. • Results show that low fuel costs for electricity can balance annual infrastructure costs. • Emissions decrease up to 51% and energy consumption up to 34% with electrification. • The model may assist decision-making for investments in public transport.

2023, Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science

In this paper, the influence of the road characteristics, such as the banked road and the longitudinal slope of the road on the stability of heavy vehicles is analyzed. These characteristics make the vehicle load distribution different from a flat road, making the vehicle more or less unstable in certain cases. To conduct this research, the mechanism that represents the last trailer of the vehicle is analyzed with the Davies Method and the static rollover threshold (SRT) factor is obtained. Finally, a case study shows that the road characteristics have an important role on the SRT factor calculation of the vehicle.

2023, Transportation Research Procedia

de investigación en tecnología y desarrollo en ingeniería (GITYD). Ocaña-Colombia.

2023, International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems

In general, long combination vehicles (LCVs) show poor performance with regard to stability, and this has been the focus of many studies around the world. Some characteristics such as the suspension topology, tyres, chassis and fifth wheel have been analysed, separately, to determine their influence on the vehicle stability calculation. Most vehicle stability models are developed in two dimensions, and they do not consider the longitudinal aspects of the vehicle and the road such as the stiffness of the chassis, the gravity centre location and the longitudinal slope angle of the road. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional mechanism model of the trailer to represent all of these characteristics and their influence on the lateral stability.

2023, Contemporary Engineering Sciences

In many countries around the world, heavy vehicles are very important, since they are the means to move industrial production, but due to their size, these vehicles have low stability and they are propensity to rollover, which seriously affected the road safety. In this context, the static rollover threshold (SRT) is the factor used to define the stability of these vehicles, but there are several factors defined by the literature. In the present study a literature review of heavy vehicle stability factors is made, and an experimental problem of the SRT factor calculation is shown.

2023

The road safety benefits of Intelligent Speed Assist (ISA) have been demonstrated in a number of projects worldwide. These benefits, however, are yet to be replicated in the heavy vehicle industry. With freight travel by road predicted to double by 2020, fuel costs predicted to rise and environmental issues looming large, the role of speed management in helping companies to reduce crashes, contain costs and remain competitive is likely to play an increasingly important role in the operational plans of many transport operators. In this regard, ISA may have an important role to play. A small-scale trial conducted by the Transport Accident Commission (TAC) in collaboration with the Victorian Transport Association (VTA) and with the cooperation of several heavy vehicle companies sought to assess the relative merits of ISA in terms of speed choice, fuel consumption, and driver acceptability. This paper discusses some preliminary results from Phase One of the data analysis.

2023

Apart from grand projects (e.g., bridges) with large material and diesel-related emissions, civil engineering mostly comprises small and medium-sized projects (e.g., roundabouts, parks), where climate impact must also be mitigated. Because equipment manufacturers have been slow in providing electric machines (e.g., +/-2,5 tonnes electric excavators, wheel-loaders, etc.), which supports the transition to emission-free sites, the following enquiry appeared: which are the relevant barriers, enablers, benefits, and perspectives. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary operation management framework for a Swedish urban park project, where an electric wheelloader was used (study includes interviews, observations, energy measurements and assessment electric vs. diesel equivalent machines). Main findings show operators being modest in their expectations, electric machines performing as diesel-driven ones, and the difference in emissions being relatively significant. The considerable idle time indicated that a meta-level project portfolio planning would have huge potential-e.g., through involving machine rental companies in a sharing economy setup.

2023, International Journal of Engineering and Technology

Road humps are traffic calming devices placed across road widths solely as speed reduction mechanism. They include, speed cushions, junction tables, road humps. Whilst it is clear that 75mm deflection like road humps would reduce speed to 20km/h on average, determining their impact on traffic flow rate has often been poorly reported. Based on the hypothesis that on any route with humps mean stream flow will lie within highway capacity loss envelope; moving car observer survey method was used to determine mean stream flows as well as a volumes and speeds of 'with and without' road humps sections. The studies were carried out under day light and dry weather conditions so as to eliminate their effects. An important part of the study is employment of dynamic passenger car equivalent values for the road sections. Results show significant highway capacity loss and the mean traffic flows lying within capacity loss envelope. The study concluded that although road humps are effective mechanism for vehicle speed reduction, their resultant highway capacity loss is significant.

2023

This study is based on the initiative from Håbo municipality regarding a conversion from fossil fuels to renewable alternatives. The purpose with this study is to evaluate various systems regarding a reliable fossil free backup-power facility to possibly be implemented in powering a pump-station in Håbo municipality. The current backup power plant is powered by a traditional diesel generator. Furthermore, the report seeks to analyze the emissions of the whole facility, analyze the accessibility on the market and also present a synoptic economic analysis. The methodology of the study consists of systematic studies with a wide spectrum of choices which culminates in a comparative of all the technologies and systems. Thereafter, relevant and applicable alternatives were evaluated further, which led to three favorable systems to be implemented in Håbo municipality. These systems were solar panels combined with lithium ion-batteries, HVO (biofuel) combined with a generator and finally hy...

2023

Framtida Narvarme - Etablering av in-frastruktur for utveckling av framtida narvarme i form av ett nationellt natverk och experimentella FUD-plattformar

2023, SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles

This paper analyses the flowfield between two Generalized European Transport System (GETS) models which are placed in a two-vehicle platoon at close distances. Numerical simulations using the Lattice Boltzmann method implemented in Exa's software package together with a windtunnel experiment (open jet facility) were executed. Next to balance measurements Coaxial Volumentric velocimetry (CVV) measurements were performed to obtain information about the flowfield. Three intervehicle distances for various platoon configurations were tested where the vehicles in the platoon varied in terms of front edge radius and the addition of tails. At the smallest intervehicle distance the greatest reductions in drag were found for both the leading and trailing vehicle. The flow in the gap between the two vehicles follows and S-shaped path with small variations between the configurations. For the second distance the leading model still sees a decrease in drag however smaller compared to the closest distance. For the trailing model either a drag increase or decrease is seen depending on its front edge radius. The addition of a tail to the trailing model always benefits the drag reduction, applying a tail to the leading model can be both beneficial and disadvantageous to the drag of the trailing model depending on the tail angle. The wake of the leading model resembles that of the isolated model again. Due to the vortex shedding of the leading model large fluctuations in force are seen for the trailing model. At the largest distance the drag decrease for the leading model is on the order of a few percent, for the trailing model this again depends on the front edge radius. At this distance the wake of the leading model has returned to that of the isolated model.