Hellenistic Pottery Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Lukka'dan Likya'ya: Sarpedon ve Aziz Nikolaos'un Ülkesi

2025, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Verein

The Beersheba Valley area in the northeastern Negev, Israel, is a marginal area in the Southern Levant, and was probably part of the Kingdom of Judah during the Iron Age IIB-C (ca. 800-586 B.C.E.). Previous studies as well as a new large-scale compositional and technological study of nearly 300 Iron Age II common type cooking vessels from this region during the Iron Age II indicate that the vast majority of these vessels were imported from neighboring regions. Apparently, production centers of cooking pots located in the Judean Central Hills and Shephelah distributed cooking pots to this region located some 50 km to the south. Another group of Edomite type cooking pots was imported from the eastern Negev or Aravah area, over 50 km to the southeast. Only the minority of the cooking pots were produced in the Beersheba Valley itself. Other pottery forms in the same sites have a smaller proportion of non-local origin. This is a somewhat surprising phenomenon since ancient cooking ware is usually assumed to be locally made in a household-or local production mode, rarely associated with trade. The dynamics of interregional importations and plausible specialization of cooking pots are better defined and several explanations are suggested for this high mobility. The results are also discussed in relation to the distribution, typology as well as chronology of the vessels.

2025

Konya Havzası'nın güneyinde bulunan Karaman Ovası Orta Anadolu ile Akdeniz Bölgesi arasında stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Ova içerisinde özellikle Karadağ'ın doğusundan başlayan yerleşimlerin güneye kadar yayıldığı görülmektedir. MÖ 2. binyıl içerisinde Hititlerin "KUR UGU" olarak tanımladıkları Aşağı Ülke sınırları içerisinde kalan Karaman Ovası pek çok araştırmacı tarafından ziyaret edilmiştir.1950'lerden itibaren bölge genelinde yürütülen yüzey araştırmaları sırasında Neolitik Çağ'dan Demir Çağı'na kadar tarihlenen pek çok yerleşim yeri tespit edilmiştir. Hititlerin "Aşağı Ülke" olarak tanımladıkları bölge içerisinde yer alan Karaman Ovası'nda 2016-2022 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen yüzey araştırmaları neticesinde beş yerleşimde Hitit Dönemi'ne ait seramik bulunmuştur. Hitit başkenti Boğazköy'ünde içinde yer aldığı çekirdek bölge ve çevresinde Hitit seramiğinin standart olarak üretildiği bilinmektedir. Merkezi otoritenin kontrolünde üretilen bu seramikler güneye doğru inen güzergâh üzerinde bir hat boyunca yayılmıştır. Bu çalışmada 2016-2022 yılları arasında yürütülen yüzey araştırmaları sırasında ele geçen Hitit seramikleri genel hatları ile incelenmiş, çekirdek bölge yerleşimleri başta olmak üzere diğer Hitit merkezlerine ait seramik buluntuları ile karşılaştırılmış ve bu yerleşimlerin genel karakteri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

2025, Radner, Karen und Squitieri, Andrea (eds.). Assur 2024: Continuing the excavations in the New Town and other research across the site. Exploring Assur, Vol. 2. Gladbeck: PeWe-Verlag.

2025, Libyan Studies

This paper describes material recovered over the last few years from sites at Marsa Gezirah, near Misurata, in an attempt to assess their nature. Site A, which has recently suffered severe damage, appears of particular importance as a small port on the edge of the Sebkha, with evidence of brisk commercial activity for the last two centuries BC.

2025, Eretz Israel

Excavations at the site of Kh. el-Muraq in the southern
Hebron hills were conducted from 1968–1972 under the
direction of Emmanuel Damati, former staff officer of
archaeology in Judea and Samaria. A large house dated
to the Herodian period was exposed in the excavations,
containing many rooms, including a peristyle courtyard
with a garden triclinium, reception and dining rooms,
living quarters, a private bathhouse, a watchtower, and
several storage units. The house was lavishly decorated
with architectural elements, stuccowork, wall paintings
and mosaic floors, resembling contemporary finds in
the Hasmonean and Herodian palaces, as well as in the
domiciles in the Upper City of Jerusalem. The complex was
named Hilkiya’s Palace, following the discovery of a graffito
with the name Hilkiya etched on a cover stone of a channel.
According to the excavator, the site was inhabited during
the Early Roman period and went out of use at the time of
the Great Jewish Revolt. Since the conclusion of Damati’s
excavations a number of surveys have been conducted at the site, exposing several underground complexes
beneath and adjacent to the peristyle house. Some of the
complexes were doubtless contemporary with the house;
others, especially tunnels, small chambers and passages,
are typical of hiding complexes found throughout Judea
associated with the Jewish Revolts. Pottery found within
the underground spaces points to their use into the early 2nd
century CE, i.e., the time of the Bar Kochba Revolt, leading
scholars to assume that both the site and complexes were
abandoned at that time. A reevaluation of the architectural
sequences at the site, both above and below ground, allows
us now to define three occupational phases. The first phase,
dating to the 2nd–1st centuries BCE, was a fortified village
or farmhouse, of which little remains other than a ritual bath
and watchtower. The second phase, dating to the turn of
the 1st century BCE–1st century CE, is the peristyle house.
Reexamining the architecture allows us to identify a planted
garden in the peristyle courtyard, the absence of a ritual
bath in the bathing suite, and a preferred reconstruction
of the house with flat, untiled roofs. The architecture and
decor reflect the lifestyle and cultural participation of the
local elites, drawing upon Hellenistic, Roman, Nabataean
and Judean traditions. The third and final phase is difficult
to date, but ends with the appropriation and alteration of the
house and underground complexes to meet the needs of the
rebels on the eve of a lengthy revolt.

2025, Клио. №5.

Малюченко Д. А. «Весна» на Балтике. Аресты командного состава Балтфлота в 1931 г. и их последствия // Клио. 2025. №5. С. 178-182. К безусловным достижениям отечественной историографии политических репрессий в СССР в 1930-е гг. относятся... more

2025

A total of 32 Lekythoi recovered from the İDÇ necropolis of Cyme Ancient City constitute the subject of this study. All of the Lekythoi were recovered from a total of 29 graves. These graves are of 5 different types: carved cist, roof tile, simple earth, stone cist, and urne graves. Among these graves, mostly inhumation burials, only one is a secondary cremation urn burial. Various burial gifts accompany the Lekythoi within most graves. On the other hand, they may also be found as the sole items in some graves. All of the lekythoi are of the squat Lekythoi type in form. Nevertheless, the decoration repertoire of the lekythoi is quite diverse. The lekythoi within the scope of the study are divided into five subgroups according to these decorative features. Group 1: "Net Patterned," Group 2: "Palmette Patterned," Group 3: "Banded," Group 4: "Figured," and Group 5: "Undecorated." The study's main objective is to determine the typology of the graves in which the Lekythoi were found and the types of burial practices. Another aim is to assess the groups formed based on the form and decoration characteristics of the lekythoi. Generally, the evaluated samples are dated between the 5th and 4th century BC. The Lekythoi subjected to the study were tried to be evaluated holistically in line with these objectives. In this way, it is aimed to contribute to the data accumulated in the literature.

2025

• Gaziantep Arkeoloji Müzesi'nde bulunan ve Hellenistik Dönem'e tarihlendirilen 22 fusiform unguentarium incelenmiştir. • Morfolojik özelliklerine göre unguentariumlar beş alt gruba ayrılmıştır. • Seramiklerin hamur renklerinin kahverengi, kırmızı ve pembe tonlarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. • Bağlamsal verilerin eksikliği nedeniyle kesin tarihlendirme zor olmakla birlikte, benzer örneklerle karşılaştırmalı bir kronoloji oluşturulmuştur. • Bulgular, bu unguentariumların MÖ IV. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından MÖ I. yüzyılın ilk yarısına kadar geniş bir kullanım süresine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Öz: Bu çalışma, Gaziantep Arkeoloji Müzesi'nde bulunan 22 unguentarium üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Hellenistik Dönem'e tarihlenen bu unguentariumlar Fusiform tipine sahiptir. Ayak, kaide ve gövde yapıları gibi belirgin analojik özellikler göz önüne alınarak beş alt gruba ayrılmışlardır. Her bir grup içindeki unguentariumların benzerliklerinin yanı sıra farklılıkları da analiz edilmiştir. Unguentariumların kil analizi yapılamamıştır, ancak kahverengi, kırmızı, pembe ve kahverenginin tonları da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hamur renkleri sergiledikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Bazı örneklerin kil yapıları sık dokulu ve gözeneksiz bir yapıya sahipken, bazıları daha yumuşak ve kırılgan bir yapı sergilemektedir. Bağış, satın alma veya el koyma yoluyla edinilen bu unguentariumların kesin bağlamsal verilerden yoksun olması, bulundukları yerlerle ilgili bilgi eksikliğine yol açmıştır. Kronolojileri, Anadolu, Yunanistan ve Adalar'daki benzer örneklerle yapılan karşılaştırmalar yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Ancak, sınıflandırılan unguentariumların uzun dönemler boyunca örtüşen kullanımları, kesin tarihler belirlemeyi zorlaştırmıştır. Genel anlamda bu unguentariumların MÖ IV. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile MÖ I. yüzyılın ilk yarısı arasında geniş bir süreçte kullanıldığını belirtmek mümkündür.

2025, e-Forschungsberichte des DAI 2025 Faszikel 1

In 2022 and 2023, the investigations at Kom el-Gir, located in the central northwestern Delta near Buto (Tell el-Faracin), focused on the remains of Graeco-Roman (last third of the 4th century BC–7th century AD) structures built adjacent to and above a monumental enclosure that has not yet been interpreted in detail. Up to now, the earliest layers date to the middle Ptolemaic period (beginning of 2nd century BC) and provide a terminus ante quem for this enormous complex. A series of ovens and
fireplaces used for baking bread and cooking most likely date to the 2nd century AD and belong to one of the most recent phases in this area. The selected contexts belonging to this phase presented here provide an initial insight into the repertoire of pottery used for food production in Kom el-Gir.

2025, https://be-ja.org

The Ostrusha tomb is remarkable for its monolithic chamber with hybrid Achaemenid-Greek architecture and a painted ceiling. It was planned and built as a free-standing tomb but was later incorporated into a larger structure. The history of its construction and use remains unsettled, as valuable information was lost in hasty excavation. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the pottery collected during the excavation and attempts to reconstruct its archaeological context based on surviving descriptions and photographs. Contrary to previous suggestions, the ceramic material does not come from the interior of the tomb or from a ritual pyre. It was originally deposited at different locations in the area of the mound. The relationship of these deposits to the tomb, if any, cannot be reconstructed. The fragmented vessels do not provide firm chronological limits for the different building phases of the monument. However, the majority of the pottery belongs to the third quarter of the 4th c. BC, and it is very likely that these vessels were deposited in connection to a burial. This suggests that the initial structure of the tomb, the monolithic chamber, was completed by ca 325 BC. The activity in the area of the tomb continued until soon after ca 300 BC. The extension of the tomb, with its additional chambers, appears to have been abandoned and buried under the mound before it was completed.

2025

membri del comitato scientifico della rivista e del convegno Françoise Frontisi, Pauline schmitt-Pantel, alain schnaPP, Bruno d'agostino, luca cerchiai, mauro menichetti, In ricordo di François Lissarrague Bruno d'agostino, Tithonos e la cicala versatile chiara tarditi, Un "manico di patera" del Metropolitan Museum di New York teresa elena cinquantaquattro, Cicale e locuste, edera e vite: la corona da san Biagio alla Venella e il suo contesto FaBrizio Pesando, Ager Hadrianus, Praetutianus Palmensisque in Plinio il Vecchio, "terroirs" medio-adriatici alFonso santoriello, Abellinum, ricerche e studi sull'antico centro dell'Irpinia. Un quadro di sintesi per nuove prospettive di ricerca daniela musmeci, Abellinum, la vita di una città. Note di sintesi e nuovi dati lisa marchand, Les architectures protohistoriques du premier âge du fer en Italie méridionale. Questions d'historiographie et perspectives de la recherche salvatore de vincenzo, Considerazioni sui problemi di cronologia e sugli aspetti politico-sociali delle aree sacre dell'Etruria meridionale in età romana eugenio Polito, Le insegne della Villa del Casale di Piazza Armerina marco caPurro, Il culto di Zeus Agoraios nel mondo greco: quadro d'insieme, contesti e funzioni maria luigia d'angelo, Eusebiorum dignitas. Nuovo studio sui cucchiai tardoantichi di San Canzian d'Isonzo andrea d'andrea, L'archeografia digitale: dalla illustrazione alla visualizzazione scientifica Sezione tematica: Abitare in Magna Grecia: l'età classica gaBriel zuchtriegel, Introduzione FaBrizio Pesando, Domus e curiae nella Pompei medio-sannitica marco giglio, Abitare a Cuma: evidenze delle abitazioni di epoca classica e alto-ellenistica antonia serritella, Abitare a Caselle in Pittari

2025, EULIMENE 25 (2024)

The article examines the monumental topography (archaeological sites and monuments) of the settlements of Kremasti and Paradisi in Rhodes, as well as the contribution of a late Roman tomb recently found on the eastern slope of the Asomatos hill, which rises between the two settlements. In historical times, this area belonged administratively and geographically to ancient Ialysia, which occupied the northern end of the island and was its most important part. The archaeological research in both settlements commenced with the Italian excavations during the interwar period, while subsequently, after the incorporation of the Dodecanese to Greece, the extensive rescue research was undertaken by the Ephorate of Antiquities of the Dodecanese. In this context, a
chamber tomb was discovered, which despite its modest findings, constitutes a substantial contribution to the monumental topography of the region characterized for the most part by fertile plains that favored habitation from a very early age. The traces of its ancient inhabitants, lost in the depths of history, are identified in the abundant movable finds from the settlements of Kremasti and Paradisi, the architectural remains, the craft workshops and agricultural establishments, as well as the
necropoleis scattered throughout the area of Ialysia.

2025

Guida archeologica di Pyrgi

2025, Купранис А. А. Наследие римско-византийской метрологии и ранние весовые нормы Арабского халифата // Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины. XLIV (1).СПб. 2025.

Сделана попытка проследить путь становления весовых систем Арабского халифата. Рассмотрен ряд раннеисламских метрологических артефактов, свидетельствующих о несомненном влиянии римско-византийских метрологических традиций, отчетливо... more

2025, Volume IX: Small Finds: The Palatial Mansion (Areas F-2, P and P-2) and Other Studies

Presented in this chapter are imported amphorae fragments of the Roman period uncovered in
Excavation Areas F-2 and P. The majority originates in the area of the Palatial Mansion, and only
a few in the Southern House. Most of the amphorae were found in Stratum 2 of the 1st century CE,
except two (Pl. 8.1:3,16) that were retrieved from Stratum 1 dated to the Late Roman-Byzantine
period and later.
The finds consist of rims and toes; only one nearly complete amphora was recovered (Pl. 8.1:1).
Complete amphorae and fragments found in the Jewish Quarter excavations have been previously
published: Area A (Ariel 2003), Area E (Finkielsztejn 2006), the Burnt House, Area B (Geva 2010, Pl.
4.2:12–13), Area J (Finkielsztejn 2014) and Area F-6 (Rosenthal-Heginbottom 2017, Pl. 25.8:6–8).

2025, Shalev, Y. Y. Peleg-Barket, O. Zelinger, Y. and Gadot, Y (eds). New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and its Region, Collected Papers, Vol. 16. Jerusalem: 13-37 (Hebrew).

2025, Arete -Publikationen des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts in Athen 4 (Symposia 2)./Reihenherausgabe/Editor of the series: Birgitta Eder

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Warning: The work presented in this paper has been improved along several lines in [8]: readability, clarity of topics such as safety (global consistency), relation to the work of Wiggers et al. and to continual resolving approaches.

2025, Η χειροποίητη κεραμική από το Κτίριο Ζ του προϊστορικού οικισμού της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης

Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της χειροποίητης επιτραπέζιας κεραμικής του Κτιρίου Ζ και του παρακείμενου δρόμου Χ1, που ανασκάφηκαν στο νότιο τμήμα του προϊστορικού οικισμού της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης μεταξύ 1985 και 1987. Το Κτίριο Ζ αποτελείται από δύο χώρους, τον Ζ1 και τον Ζ2, οι οποίοι απέδωσαν ένα μεγάλο σύνολο κεραμικής, τόσο τροχήλατης όσο και χειροποίητης, και σχετίζεται κυρίως με τη φάση 4 του οικισμού, που χρονολογείται στην προχωρημένη Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού. Ο Ζ1 περιλαμβάνει λάκκους και εστίες με στρώμα στάχτης και ο Ζ2 περιέχει λάκκους και πίθους, εκ των οποίων ο ένας εντοπίστηκε μέσα σε λάκκο, ενώ το κτίριο φαίνεται να χαρακτηρίζεται από διάφορες φάσεις ανακατασκευών και χρήσης. Ο κύριος σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η τεχνολογική και τυπολογική ανάλυση της χειροποίητης κεραμικής του Κτιρίου Ζ, με έμφαση στην τυπολογία, στη κατασκευαστική διαδικασία ανά τα διάφορα στάδια της (πρώτες ύλες, τεχνικές κατασκευής, επεξεργασία των επιφανειών, όπτηση) και στη σύνθεση της κεραμικής ύλης. Τα κεραμικά σύνολα των δύο χώρων και του δρόμου τίθενται υπο σύγκριση, εξετάζοντας ποσοτικές και ποιοτικές διαφορές. Η μελέτη συγκρίνει τα ευρήματα με προηγούμενες έρευνες κεραμικής στον οικισμό και να συσχετίσει τη χειροποίητη κεραμική με την τροχήλατη κεραμική του ίδιου κτιρίου, προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν ζητήματα συγχρονικότητας και διαχρονικής χρήσης των χώρων. Τέλος, επιχειρήθηκε η συγκειμενική παράθεση των δεδομένων από μελέτες άλλων αρχαιολογικών υλικών από το ίδιο σύνολο, προκειμένου να εξετασθεί το εύρος των δραστηριοτήτων που λάμβαναν χώρα στο Κτίριο Ζ.

2025, … : revista catalana d'història de la …

Segons el diccionari (1) la paraula ocre es refereix genbricament a cert nombre de materials terrosos, pulverulents, emprats com a pigments, constituits per argila, sorra i bxids fbrrics hidratats; a partir del groc se'n poden obtenir varietats marrons i vermelles (per calcinació); s'originen a partir de dos minerals de ferro: la limonita i l'hematites. Amb tot, Audoin i Plisson (2) afirmen que l'ocre és una substancia incomprensible, mal definida des d'un punt de vista estructural físic i químic, i que se sol reconbixer per la seva capacitat tintbria; també hi hauria un ocre "veritable" procedent de nivells cretacis, i la resta fóra un calaix de sastre. Comensa a utilitzar-se a la fi del Paleolític Mitji i del musterii, n o havent evidbncies arqueolbgiques que el vinculin a l'home de Neanderthal. La troballa més antiga i controvertida es va fer a la tomba de Qafzeh-8, essent totes les altres del Paleolític Superior entre l'Aurinyaci2 i el Magdalenia, més nombroses quan més tardanes. Així podem fer esment de coneguts jaciments com Chancelade,

2025

Unguentaries are the most representative vessels of Italic toilet pottery. Best known for their presence in funerary contexts, they formed part of hygiene and personal care sets until the generalisation of glass vessels from the second half of the 1st century AD. In the legionary dump of 'La Chorquilla' (Herrera de Pisuerga, Palencia), a relevant set of ceramic unguentaries has been recovered. This article aims to describe the fundamental aspects of its functionality, morphology and typology.

2025, TRACING TRANSITIONS & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SOUTHWEST ASIA: Papers in Honour of Roger Matthews

This is a free offprint -as with all our publications the entire book is freely accessible on our website, and is available in print or as PDF e-book.

2025, БЕЛЕЖКИ ВЪРХУ МЕТОДИКАТА НА НАУЧНА ОБРАБОТКА НА УДАРНИТЕ ОРЪЖИЯ ОТ ЕПОХАТА НА СРЕДНИТЕ ВЕКОВЕ И РАННОТО НОВО ВРЕМЕ/NOTES ON THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESSING OF MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN TIMES IMPACT WEAPONS

The here presented work offers a methodology and a detailed protocol of action in the scientific processing of impact weapons. It is based on the principle of maximum extraction and registration of information about the considered artifact. Often, at the time of research, this registration may seem too (even unnecessarily) detailed. According to the author, however, this is only at first glance, since this detailed description is a “snapshot” of the current state of the artifact, which (especially in the case of objects made of iron) changes (sometimes too quickly) irreversibly. Along with this, science and its methods are in a constant state of development, which may at some point make use of the data from the “snapshot” in question. Along with the protocol on the processing of the artifacts, an attempt was also made to introduce terminological definitions regarding the individual parts of the weapons in question from the point of view of the Bulgarian language.
The individual stages in the processing of artifacts – representatives of impact weapons, have been tracked and commented on. These stages are both common to all types of such weaponry, and specific to maces, kistens, and war hammers.
The thoughts expressed regarding the methodological aspects of working with the group of weapons in question are based on the author‘s practical work with such specimens from the Middle Ages and Modern times.
Keywords: impact weapons; maces; kistens; warhammers; methodology and protocol of scientific processing.

2025, PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT (PAP) 1. Interdisciplinary Research of the Jagiellonian University in Nea Paphos (2011-2015) – First Results

This publication, which is now being bestowed on its readers, opens a new publishing series -PAPHOS AGORA PROJECT. Its purpose is to publish research results of the Jagiellonian University project and cooperating institutions in the Agora and, more broadly, in the ancient city of Nea Paphos -a UNESCO world heritage site. The first volume presents the first research results from the years 2011-2015. Further volumes are planned in the coming years. It is hoped that this new series will help to increase knowledge of Paphos, solve many research problems, pose new research questions and increase interest in conducting more comprehensive research on Hellenistic and Roman Paphos and Cyprus in general. This book would not have been created without the support from many institutions and people. First of all, we are grateful to the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus and its former director, Dr. Maria Hadjicosti and the present director, Dr. Marina Solomidou-Ieronimidou, for the permission to excavate the Agora and in general, for their constant and strong support. Our gratitude goes as well to all the staff of the Department, especially Dr. Despo Pilides, Dr. Efstathios Raptou, Dr. Efthychia Zachariou-Kolia, Dr. Elefterios Charalampous, Panagiotis Andreou, Maria Demetriou-Economidou and the entire staff of the Paphos District Museum: Margarita Kouali, Neoptolemos Demetriou, Andreas Michaelides, Georgios Tampakoudis and others. Equally, we would like to thank the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Nicosia for taking patronage over our activities. We thank the Polish National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) for funding our project with two grants, thanks to which it was possible to conduct this research and disseminate its results. We express our gratitude to the City of Paphos, and especially the Mayor, Fedonas Fedonos for his long-term support and help. A very important issue is the financing for this publication: this was provided from the Dean of the Faculty of History of the Jagiellonian University, Prof. Jan Święch, to whom we express our heartfelt gratitude. We thank our editor, Historia Iagellonica, for their understanding, patience and harmonious collaboration. Equally, we would like to thank our friend, Dr. John Lund, for his review of the book and his favourable opinion of it. We are deeply indebted to the editorial board: Agata Dobosz, Urszula Wicenciak and Barbara Zając. A member of this board and friend, Jacqueline Westwood-Demetriades deserves a special mention, invaluable in helping the project in many aspects and patiently improving our imperfect English. All members of the PAP team and cooperating institutions, independent specialists, students, volunteers, friends, sympathisers and supporters should also receive a huge thank you! Among the volunteers, special thanks to the group of, mainly British, volunteers, now guided by Geoff Cosson, who came every year during the excavation and washed the pottery excavated by the PAP. My personal thanks go also to my husband, Marek Władyka, and my family, as well as many friends for their long-term support and encouragement.

2025

A number of pottery patterns were discovered within the excavations
of the Ii-mr tomb north of Saqqara, which indicates the use of the tomb site
for several historical periods, thus indicating the importance of the tomb site.
The pots that date to the period of the New Kingdom represented 42% of the
total sample. While pots dated to the period of the Old Kingdom represented
37%, and pots dated to the Ptolemaic and Roman periods represented 13%.
Beer Jars dated to the era of the Fourth Dynasty represented 26% of
the studied sample. While the multi-use closed vessels represented 24% ,
dishes 20%, while the aromatic pots represented 15% , the symbolic pots 6%
of the studied sample, while the wine containers known as amphora 4% and
the small cups represented 4% of the pottery of the tomb.

2025

Guida all'area archeologica di Pyrgi,

2025, In: Images in Transition. The Southern Levant and Its Imagery between Near Eastern and Greek Traditions, edited by S. Schroer and P. Wyssmann Peeters 2024

An excavation in a farmstead near Jerusalem exposed several underground installations, of which the most noteworthy is a columbarium dated to the late Iron Age. While columbaria are traditionally dated in the Southern Levant to the Hellenistic period, a few columbaria excavated in the Jerusalem area have unearthed much earlier evidence. How old is the columbaria phenomenon in the Ancient Near East, and should it still be dated to the Hellenistic period?

2025, Gandharan Studies, 9

Pottery is the most common antiquities found during excavation in any historic period site in Gandhāra and if studied scientifically, it can be useful in understanding some part of the culture at the time. But, unfortunately, its study is, so far, mainly limited to its shape and function but less attention is paid to its material analysis and petrography. The present paper is, therefore, an attempt towards the study of properties of Aziz Dheri shards fabrics with an aim to undertake a scientific approach towards the pottery culture, to identify the inclusions of the pottery and to trace the possible source of its clay. The results are based on six specimens recovered from different layers of 2011 excavations at the historic period site of Aziz Dheri.

2025, Höyük

Bu çalışmanın konusunu, Amorium kenti kazılarında tespit edilen bir grup çark yapımı pişmiş toprak kandil buluntusu oluşturmaktadır. Çeşitli mekânların aydınlatılmasında kullanılan pişmiş toprak kandiller, genellikle el yapımı, kalıp yapımı ve çark yapımı olmak üzere üç farklı teknikle üretilmişlerdir. Orta Bizans Dönemi'nde, bu üç teknikten biri olan çark yapım tekniğinin yoğun şekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Nitekim birçok merkezde, çark yapım tekniği ile açık formda üretilen kandillerin sırlı ve sırsız örneklerini tespit etmek mümkündür. Söz konusu merkezlerden biri olan Amorium, bu kandil tipinin yoğun olarak ele geçtiği kentlerden biri olma özelliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu yoğunluk, kandil buluntularına ilişkin yapılan çalışmalara katkıda bulunması açısından önemli bir veridir. Amorium kandil buluntuları, kentin Aşağı Şehir bölümünde yer alan A Kilisesi, Büyük Mekân ve Büyük Bina-Doğu (BBD) ile Yukarı Şehir bölümünde yer alan İç Sur ve Bazilika B alanlarında ele geçmiştir. Toplamda 57 adet olan kandiller, form ve hamur yapıları göz önünde bulundurularak ayrıntılı şekilde tanıtılmıştır. Ayrıca ele geçtikleri alanlardaki tabakalar ve diğer merkezlerde tespit edilen benzer örnekler dikkate alınarak tarihlendirilmiştir.

2025, Early Neolithic Mobility in the Middle Struma River Valley

Almost 85% of the territory of South-western Bulgaria is occupied by mountains, including the Rila and
the Pirin massifs - the highest mountains on the Balkan Peninsula, reaching almost 3000 m above sea
level. It is logical to assume that the Struma River Valley, which is the largest in this region, was a
natural conduit for the spread of the Neolithic lifestyle from the Eastern Mediterranean towards
Central Europe. But was this the actual situation?1
Only five settlements which have been dated to the various stages of the Early Neolithic Period have so
far been registered in the Middle Struma Valley. The archaeological material from these sites reveals
connections with the territories located to the south-west (northern Greece), to the west (Vardar River
Valley) and to the east (Mesta River Valley). This indicates that the situation is much more complex,
and the theory about the linear spreading of the agriculture from the south to the north along the
Struma River Valley can no longer be regarded as proven.Scan to know paper details and author's profile

2025, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Bu çalışmada Tenedos nekropolisinde 1960 ve 1990'lı yıllarda yapılan müze kurtarma kazıları ile 2021 yılında başlayan yeni kazılar sırasında bulunan "kuğu grubu" ve bunlarla ilişkili seramik kaplar incelenmektedir. Minyatür boyutlu skyphos, lekane, phiale ve krateriskostan oluşan bu seramik kaplar Tenedos ölü gömme ritüelleri içerisinde MÖ 6. yüzyılın ilk yarısı / ortalarından MÖ 5. yüzyıl içine kadar yer bulmuşlardır. Çalışmanın amacı bu seramik kapların tiplerine, süsleme tarzlarına ve kronolojilerine Tenedos'tan yeni katkılar sağlamaktır. Kaplar bu çalışmada C. Aslan'ın benzer Troya buluntuları üzerine gözlemlerinden esinlenilerek Kuğu Grubu ve Kuğu Grubu İlişkili seramikler olmak üzere iki grupta incelenmiştir. İki skyphos ve bir lekaneden oluşan ilk grup Hellespontos ağzındaki yerleşimlerde ele geçenleri anımsatır şekilde siluet üslupta hayvan (kuş ve kedigil) figürleri ile bezelidir. Aynı teknikte nokta, yaprak, dil, rozet ve ters "Z" dizileri gibi basit süsleme ögeleri ile bezenmiş olan üç phiale, bir kapak ve bir krateriskos ise ikinci grupta değerlendirilmiştir. Tenedos Kuğu Grubu seramikleri, taşıdıkları bezeme kompozisyonları ve bunların işlenişlerindeki detaylarıyla literatürde Kuzeybatı Anadolu / Troas merkezli olabileceği değerlendirilen "bölgesel" bezeme üslubun üyelerinden olmalıdır. Öte yandan, diğer yerleşimlerde bulunanlardan ayrı seriler ya da çömlekçi atölyelerin ürünleri olabileceklerini düşündüren farklılıklar da dikkat çekmektedir.

2025, Πέτρος Κοσμάς

Το βιβλίο αυτό εστιάζει στα αρχαιολογικά κατάλοιπα της Μήλου κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο, αναλύοντας συστηματικά τα ταφικά και οικιστικά δεδομένα που ήρθαν στο φως από ανασκαφικές έρευνες. Με βάση πρωτογενές υλικό και σύγχρονες μεθοδολογίες, φωτίζεται ο τρόπος ζωής, η οργάνωση του χώρου και οι ταφικές πρακτικές του νησιού, προσφέροντας μια ολοκληρωμένη εικόνα για τη θέση της Μήλου στον ευρύτερο ελληνιστικό κόσμο.

2025, Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi Sayı

2018 yılında, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi kampüsü içerisinde, kampüsün güney kapısının bitişiğindeki yol yapım çalışmaları esnasında herhangi bir kültür varlığının bulunup bulunmadığını ortaya koymak amacıyla kazılar yürütülmüştür. Bu makalede bu kazılarla beraber ulaşılan sonuçlara yer verilmiş ve ortaya çıkan sorulara yanıtlar aranmıştır. Toplam 3 sondajda yürütülen kazı çalışmaları sırasında, 1 sondajdan görece iyi korunmuş durumda iki adet kiremit çatkı mezar gün yüzüne çıkartılmıştır. Bu mezarlarda iskeletlerin yanı sıra profil veren seramik parçaları, tüm olarak ele geçmiş unguentariumlar ve bir adet sikke de bulunmuştur. Bu buluntular ışığında söz konusu mezarlar tarihlendirilmiştir. Makalede ayrıca, mezarların ait olduğu nekropol sahasının hangi yerleşim yerlerine ait olabileceği sorusuna da öneriler getirilmiştir.

2025

Paper delivered at the 1st International Conference on Museum and Archaeology, Shiraz University of Arts, April 27 and 28, 2025.
The paper introduces the framework of "Fluid Museums" or "Liquid Museums" to analyze the dynamic water heritage of Iran. It argues that these sites, exemplified by the extraordinary qanats or the monumental hydraulic landscape of Shushtar, are not static relics but rather evolving and interconnected systems embodying long-term human-environment interactions. Like water itself, these heritage sites function as responsive networks that have adapted over time to connect communities and landscapes, highlighting their inherent fluidity and ongoing relevance.

2025, in F. Diosono (a cura di), Villa San Silvestro di Cascia. Archeologia e storia di un abitato nella Sabina montana dalla conquista romana al Medioevo, pp.526-528

During the excavation of Villa San Silvestro, 35 gray ware pottery sherds from the Roman period were uncovered. Their characteristics suggest that they were imports, predominantly from the Adriatic area, but not exclusively. Few contexts assist in the chronological framing, and some morphological and typological comparisons have been found, particularly with Apulo-Lucanian Gray Ware. This pottery may have arrived via north-south transhumance and, if the hypothesis is correct, it would be the
northernmost attestation of this ceramic class known to date. Imports from other areas are less likely, while some of the oldest
specimens may also belong to Central-Italian productions that have not yet been extensively studied.

2025, Small Finds

Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Eine Nutzung ohne Zustimmung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts und/oder der jeweiligen Rechteinhaber ist nur innerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes zulässig. Etwaige abweichende Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für Text und Abbildungen sind gesondert im Band vermerkt./This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law is only allowed with the permission of the German Archaeological Institute and/or the respective copyright holders. Any deviating terms of use for text and images are indicated in the credits.

2025

Tin-foiled pottery is known from different periods and landscapes. The use of tin to cover the whole surface of clay vessels has been already documented for Mycenaean Greece (1400-1150 BC) and Iron Age Cyprus (c. 700 BC). In the Late-Classical and Hellenistic periods tin-foiled pottery, the so-called ceramica argentata, has been detected in considerable quantities in Apulia, Etruria and Macedonia. Smaller amounts from the same time have been recorded also in other places around the Mediterranean.
In this paper we present for the first time the tin-foiled pottery found in Eretria and dated in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. It consists of 115 miniatures and was found in the “Thesmophorion 2”. We analyse the shapes of this pottery as well as their correspondence to vessels of regular shape in clay and metal in Eretria and elsewhere. This analysis allows us to suggest an Athenian and Macedonian influence for the introduction and use of this technique in Eretria. Moreover, we address some questions concerning the owners of this pottery and the reasons for the selection of tin-foiled vessels as offerings in the sanctuary.

2025, Byzantine Museum of Argolis: Catalogue of the Permanent Exhibition, ed. by D. Athanasoulis and A. Vassiliou, Athens: Ephorate of Antiquities of Argolis and Kapon Editions, 2016

2025

The research presents five three-dimensional oil lamps displayed in the Tell Basta Museum, which were discovered in various regions, including the archaeological site of Tell Basta, Temai Al Amdeed, San El-Hagar, and Tell El-Shaqafiya. The figural lamp models featured in the study exhibit diverse forms, including animal, plant, and human shapes. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, the researcher examines their forms, current condition, and the scenes depicted on them, analyzing their artistic and religious significance, as well as their intended purpose. The production of this type of lamp was widespread in the ancient world, including Rome and Mesopotamia, reaching its peak between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE. While the production of such lamps ceased in Italy, it continued in Egypt until the 4th century CE, particularly in the city of Alexandria.

2025, ABOUT TWO PROVINCES. Proceedings of the Third Croatian-Hungarian PhD Conference on Ancient History and Archaeology (Hungarian Polis Studies 26)

Hungarian Polis Studies 26 (HPS 26)

2025, Βυζαντινό Μουσείο Αργολίδας. Κατάλογος μόνιμης έκθεσης, επιστ. επιμ. Δ. Αθανασούλης και Α. Βασιλείου, Αθήνα: Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Αργολίδας & Εκδόσεις Καπόν, 2016

Το Βυζαντινό Μουσείο Αργολίδας (ΒΥΜΑ) στεγάζεται σε ένα ιστορικό διατηρητέο συγκρότημα του Άργους, γνωστό ως «Στρατώνες Καποδίστρια», η αρχική φάση του οποίου ανάγεται γύρω στο 1700. Το συγκρότημα ανοικοδομήθηκε το 1828–1829 με εντολή του Ιωάννη Καποδίστρια και με αρχιτέκτονα τον Λάμπρο Ζαβό, προκειμένου να στεγάσει το ιππικό του νεοσύστατου ελληνικού κράτους.
Στο Μουσείο παρουσιάζονται αντιπροσωπευτικές πτυχές της Αργολίδας από τον 4ο αιώνα μ.Χ. έως τους νεότερους χρόνους μέσα από άγνωστα στο κοινό εκθέματα, προερχόμενα κυρίως από τις σωστικές ανασκαφές των τοπικών Εφορειών Αρχαιοτήτων στο Άργος. Παράλληλα παρουσιάζονται και ευρήματα από άλλες περιοχές της Αργολίδας, όπως το Ναύπλιο, η Ανδρίτσα, το Κεφαλάρι, το Χώνικα, η Τίρυνθα, το Λιγουριό, η Ερμιονίδα και τα νησιά του Αργολικού.
Η μόνιμη έκθεση αναπτύσσεται σε τέσσερις κύριες ενότητες. Στην πρώτη ενότητα, με τίτλο «Μια αυτοκρατορία γεννιέται», παρουσιάζεται η νέα αυτοκρατορία μέσω του βυζαντινού αυτοκράτορα, καθώς και η νέα θρησκεία, ο χριστιανισμός, με το σύμβολό της τον σταυρό και τους χώρους λατρείας της, τις βασιλικές. Παράλληλα, παρουσιάζεται η συνέχιση των δομών της αρχαιότητας σε βασικές πτυχές του καθημερινού βίου, καθώς και στα ταφικά έθιμα όπου παρατηρείται η επιβίωση εθίμων της αρχαιότητας.
Η δεύτερη ενότητα πραγματεύεται τη μετάβαση στον Μεσαίωνα και τις συνθήκες ανασφάλειας που επικρατούσαν από τον 7ο έως τον 9ο αιώνα. Το πλέον προβεβλημένο σύνολο αποτελούν τα ευρήματα του Σπηλαίου της Ανδρίτσας, μια μοναδική αρχαιολογική ανακάλυψη που ανάγεται στους μεταβατικούς αιώνες.
Η τρίτη ενότητα, με τίτλο «Η μεσοβυζαντινή Αργολίδα», αποτελεί την «καρδιά» της έκθεσης συγκεντρώνοντας την πλειονότητα των εκθεμάτων. Οργανώνεται σε τρεις μεγάλες υποενότητες, από τις οποίες η πρώτη επικεντρώνεται στην εκκλησία που στη μεσαιωνική εποχή καθίσταται σε κέντρο όχι μόνο της δημόσιας λατρείας, αλλά και της δημόσιας ζωής ευρύτερα. Η δεύτερη υποενότητα, με τίτλο «Στην αγορά της βυζαντινής Αργολίδας», πραγματεύεται τη δράση των επαγγελματιών σε μια βυζαντινή πόλη. Στην τρίτη υποενότητα παρουσιάζεται η ζωή στο βυζαντινό σπίτι, με αντικείμενα που χρησιμοποιούνταν στην αποθήκευση, το μαγείρεμα και το σερβίρισμα των τροφών. Παρουσιάζονται, επίσης, χαρακτηριστικά αντικείμενα ένδυσης, καλλωπισμού και ψυχαγωγίας, καθώς και αντικείμενα που σχετίζονται με τις λειτουργίες και την κάλυψη των ποικίλων αναγκών των ενοίκων του σπιτιού.
Στην τέταρτη και τελευταία ενότητα με τίτλο «Αργολίδα: ένα σταυροδρόμι πολιτισμών», το ενδιαφέρον στρέφεται στη συνάντηση, συνύπαρξη και σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις ενσωμάτωση διαφορετικών πολιτισμών στα εδάφη της Αργολίδας, με την παρουσίαση χαρακτηριστικών στοιχείων του υλικού και άυλου πολιτισμού τους.

2025, Gnomon. Kritische Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Klassische Altertumswissenschaft

Il ponderoso volume raccoglie sedici contributi che presentano una parte consistente dei contenuti esitati dalle indagini condotte nell'ambito del vasto progetto 'An Empire of 2.000 Cities: urban networks and economic integration in the Roman empire' finanziato dal Consiglio Europeo della Ricerca, gestito dall'Università di Leida e coordinato dai medesimi editori dell'opera qui censita (si rinvia a ). La cifra connotativa dello studio non pertiene l'ordito espresso da singoli nuclei urbani, bensì riguarda la struttura dei sistemi insediativi e le interazioni tra le gerarchie urbane stabilite tra le grandi aree geografiche del mondo romano e verificate nei suoi numerosi comparti: dalle Galliae all'Africa settentrionale, dalla Sicilia al quadrante balcanico, dall'Asia Minore alla penisola iberica. La accurata disamina delle testimonianze archeologiche ed epigrafiche relative a centinaia di città sostiene e orienta la riflessione sulle configurazioni urbane regionali e ne alimenta l'analisi attraverso una ricca varietà di prospettive euristiche e diagnostiche (stato climatico e

2025, ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΙΑ ΥΠΑΡΞΗ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΑΚΗ ΕΚΣΤΑΣΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΡΑΜΑΣ: ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΩΣΗ, ΡΗΞΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΑΥΤΟΤΗΤΑ

Ζούμε σε μία περιοχή όπου το διονυσιακό πνεύμα παραμένει ζωντανό και αναβιώνει σε κάθε έκφανση του ζην μέσα έννοιες γένους θηλυκού, όπως: η ταυτότητα, η μεταμόρφωση, η ρήξη και φυσικά η θεμελιώδης έννοια της ελευθερίας που ενσαρκώνεται στους αγώνες και τις δράσεις της γυναικείας ύπαρξης η οποία γίνεται σύμβολο όχι μόνο για κάθε γυναίκα, αλλά για κάθε άνθρωπο, διότι η απαραβίαστη αξία του ανθρώπινου, που αναβιώνει μέσα από εκδηλώσεις όπως η αποψινή, υπερβαίνει τις διακρίσεις και τους διαχωρισμούς κάθε μορφής. Η διονυσιακή διάσταση λοιπόν του γυναικείου ρόλου στην αρχαία Ηδωνίδα Γη επεκτείνεται και στο αρχαίο θέατρο, ως χώρο αποκάλυψης, μετάλλαξης και κοινωνικής κριτικής. Το θέατρο, εμπνευσμένο από τις τελετές προς τιμήν του Διονύσου, συνιστά μια πρώιμη μορφή δημόσιου λόγου, όπου η γυναικεία μορφήέστω και μέσα από την ανδρική αναπαράσταση-αποκτά τραγική υπόσταση, φωνή, πάθος και λόγο. Η περιοχή της Δράμας (Ηδωνίδας Γης), στον βορειοανατολικό ελλαδικό χώρο, αποτέλεσε από την αρχαιότητα τόπο κατεξοχήν διονυσιακής λατρείας. Ο Διόνυσος, θεός της εκστατικής μέθης, της μεταμόρφωσης και της θεατρικής ετερότητας, λατρευόταν ιδιαίτερα από τα θρακικά φύλα (Κοντός 2009), τα οποία διατήρησαν μια βαθιά σύνδεση με τη φύση, τα όρια της συνείδησης και τη γονιμική δύναμη του σώματος. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, οι γυναίκες κατείχαν κεντρική θέση στις διονυσιακές τελετουργίες, ενσαρκώνοντας το στοιχείο της υπέρβασης, της μεταμόρφωσης και της επαφής με το ιερό. Η Θράκη θεωρείται σύμφωνα με τον Ηρόδοτο και τον Ευριπίδη (στις Βάκχες) η πατρίδα του Διονύσου (Ιωαννίδης 2025). Η παρουσία του θεού στη Δράμα συνδέεται με την αρχαία πόλη της Πελαγωνίας και τις λατρείες που ασκούνταν στις πλαγιές του Φαλακρού όρους. Τα βουνά, οι πηγές και τα δάση συνθέτουν ένα τοπίο κατάλληλο για τελετές ενσώματης μύησης, μεταμφίεσης και έκστασης. Η ιστορία των γυναικών στην περιοχή της Δράμας, από την αρχαιότητα έως σήμερα, προσφέρει ένα ιδιαίτερα γόνιμο έδαφος για φιλοσοφική, ανθρωπολογική και πολιτισμική ανάλυση, ιδιαίτερα όταν συσχετίζεται με τη διονυσιακή παράδοση, η οποία έχει ισχυρές ρίζες στην περιοχή. Ο Ηρόδοτος αναφέρει τις Θρακικές γυναίκες ως ιδιαίτερα ισχυρές μορφές, συχνά ιέρειες ή μυήτριες σε βακχικές τελετές. Οι γυναίκες, γνωστές ως βάκχες, μαινάδες ή θιασώτισσες, αποτελούσαν τον πυρήνα των διονυσιακών τελετών. Σε αντίθεση με τις ανδροκρατούμενες λατρείες των Ολύμπιων θεών, η διονυσιακή εμπειρία πρόσφερε στις γυναίκες τη δυνατότητα να ξεφύγουν από τις κοινωνικές νόρμες, να καταλύσουν τη σταθερότητα της ταυτότητας και να ενωθούν με την άγρια φύση και τον θεϊκό εαυτό.

2025, F.Diosono (ed.) Villa San Silvestro di Cascia Archeologia e storia di un abitato nella Sabina montana dalla conquista romana al Medioevo

The study of Roman common ware from Villa San Silvestro demonstrates its widespread use in everyday life, owing to its multifunctional nature. This pottery was employed for the storage, transport, handling, and processing of a wide variety of products, including both liquid and solid foods. Additionally, its role as tableware is evident, with forms and types inspired by those of contemporary fine ware. Most of the pieces date back to the Republican Period. Although no archaeometric analyses have been
conducted, it is reasonable to assume that production was predominantly local or regional. The few imported items were likely personal possessions brought by travelers to this market area or were traded over longer distances due to the value of their contents.

2025, Byzantine Museum of Argolis: Catalogue of the Permanent Exhibition, ed. by D. Athanasoulis and A. Vassiliou, Athens: Ephorate of Antiquities of Argolis and Kapon Editions, 2016

2025, In Second Use. An archaeological and Anthropological Survey of Recycling and Reuse in the Greek World. International Meeting for Early Career Scholars 25-26 September 2021. Aura Supplement

"The secondary use of the fragmented funerary receptacles in the Myrsini tholos tomb at Siteia, Crete".
During the late Prepalatial period in Crete, funerary customs changed and people gradually started to use clay receptacles- pithoi and larnakes- for the bodies of the dead. Such a custom has been in the center of the interest of many scholars. Some suggested that the use of burial containers was a way of resolving practical issues (e.g., space organization, individual burials, hygiene reasons), while others connected them with socio-economic developments, such as the emergence of individualism as opposed to existed traditional kinship ties. More recently, it was argued that the introduction of clay receptacles was an attempt to reinforce established practices through a process of investment and formalization, reflecting a social tendency of a more orderly burial procedure.
The above-mentioned studies have so far focused upon the importance of intact funerary receptacles. The fragmented pithoi and larnakes frequently attested in many tombs were interpreted as a result of the cleanings that usually took place in the collective and long-used Pre- and Protopalatial tombs. However, the results from the recent study project of the Myrsini tholos tomb, combined with data from other cemeteries, showed that the above picture is not entirely accurate.
This paper suggests that in the Myrsini tholos tomb the fragmented funerary receptacles were in secondary use. In Myrsini the use of fragmented burial containers is attested during the Protopalatial period, when the custom of using pithoi and larnakes for burials is well established. The same practice seems also to occur in other cemeteries of this period. The deliberate use of fragmented funerary receptacles corresponds to a pars pro toto concept, where the fragmented parts retain their original -before fragmentation- function. Moreover, this approach suggests that during the Protopalatial period the funerary receptacles were sufficiently conceived as the main containers of the human remains. Furthermore, it supports the idea that the use of burial containers during the Protopalatial period reflects an undergoing formalization and standardization of the funerary rites, since fragments act as substitutes for a commonly accepted and established burial process.