Historical methods Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Alzahra University

In the field of Islamic Revolution studies, there are many examples where researchers have used a theological approach in analyzing human events and phenomena. They have tried to make the Islamic Revolution appear sacred. The question of the importance of historiography without theological foundations among historians and academic researchers and whether history has been able to achieve a position independent of theological propositions among them is the subject of the present article. This article examines examples of academic works in the field of historiography of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, each of which has in some way used theological ideas in analyzing the events related to the Islamic Revolution. Although the theological approach has been of primary interest to many seminary scholars in their consideration of the Islamic Revolution, a critical examination of these works reveals that the adoption of this approach is not limited to seminary scholars. For many researchers who studied the Islamic Revolution in the academic and university environment, the historical approach is not the mainstay and there is little adherence to the principles and criteria of historical methodology. Therefore, it can be said that there is still no scientific approach to the knowledge of history among many academics and experts.

2025, Elseneur

in Julie Anselmini, Sylvain Ledda (ed.), Elseneur n°39, 2024, p. 125-128.

2025, American Political Science Review

Much recent political theory aims to move beyond the dominant approach to theorizing justice by foregrounding cases of injustice. Judith Shklar’s The Faces of Injustice is regularly invoked in this context, yet the full force of her challenge to the “normal model of justice” and its implications for understanding injustice have not been fully appreciated. This article reconstructs and defends Shklar’s approach to theorizing injustice. It evaluates the differences between John Rawls’s account of the sense of justice and Shklar’s notion of the sense of injustice, showing why the latter should be theorized in relation to plural, competing, and ever-changing expectations, rather than in relation to ideal principles of justice. It illustrates how we can evaluate political responses to injustice without recourse to such principles and maintains that doing so is a strength of any democratic theory that is committed to giving injustice its due.

2025, Dearq 42. Pabellón

“[Otras] maneras de ocupar el espacio público” es un proyecto de investigación arquitectónica que busca analizar y reivindicar, de manera crítica, las formas y las acciones cotidianas que dan vida a nuestras ciudades y configuran la esfera de lo público. Utilizando la arquitectura como medio etnográfico para explorar y documentar fenómenos espaciales complejos se ha compilado un archivo que recoge usos, objetos y acciones de ocupación del espacio público, incluso aquellos no intencionados ni planeados. Este registro permite evidenciar que la ciudad es un lugar vivo en constante tensión y que la arquitectura debe reconocer su complejidad y espontaneidad.

2025, Labour Le Travail

The Pacific Northwest experienced rapid economic development in the last decades of the 19th century, when the region was linked by railways and steamships to outside capital and buoyant markets in the prairie West, the eastern seaboard of America, and overseas. Cities on both sides of the Canada/ US border grew at a remarkable pace. 1 The workforce necessary to sustain the economic growth increased in a proportional way. While Aboriginal labourers and immigrant workers from Asia were important in this urban industrial landscape, white workers who came from outside the region were important, too. Skilled workers from the American Midwest, from the eastern provinces of Canada, and from Europe were essential to the urbanization and industrialization of the Pacific Northwest. As Carlos Schwantes, one of the region's leading historians, has remarked, the "supercharged pace of urban growth placed a premium on the skilled labour of carpenters, masons, plumbers and other craftsmen." 2 It also placed a premium on construction labourers and 1.

2025, Criminal Law Forum

This study examines the spatial patterns of homicide in three 14thcentury English cities-London, York, and Oxford-through the Medieval Murder Map project, which visualizes 355 homicide cases derived from coroners' inquests. Integrating historical criminology with contemporary spatial crime theories, we outline a new historical criminology of space, focused on how urban environments shaped patterns of lethal violence in the past. Findings reveal similarities in all three cities. Homicides were highly concentrated in key nodes of urban life such as markets, squares, and thoroughfares. Temporal patterns indicate that most homicides occurred in the evening and on weekends, aligning with routine activity theory. Oxford had far higher homicide rates than London and York, and a higher proportion of organized group-violence, suggestive of high levels of social disorganization and impunity. Spatial analyses reveal distinct areas related to town-gown conflicts and violence fueled by student factionalism. In London, findings suggest distinct clusters of homicide which reflect differences in economic and social functions. In all three cities, some homicides were committed in spaces of high visibility and symbolic significance. The findings highlight how public space shaped urban violence historically. The study also raises broader questions about the long-term decline of homicide, suggesting that changes in urban governance and spatial organization may have played a crucial role in reducing lethal violence. I INTRODUCTION In his A System of Logic, John Stuart Mill (2011 [1843]) emphasised disciplined comparison as the backbone of scientific reasoning. In his

2025, Central European History

have written what is likely to become the new standard single volume synthesis of Nazi Germany. The book testifies both their prominence in the field and the potential for coauthoring at its best. The prose is smooth and authoritative, delivered in a singular voice and with an commendable economy of language. The book most explicitly draws on scholarship concerned with the relative balance of consent and coercion. The authors distill this work to narrate a brutal but popular dictatorship and "a dynamic society based on exclusionary and inclusionary practices," where "people could both fear the regime and enjoy lives that demanded a certain social and political conformity." (2) But more broadly, Swett and Wiesen showcase their command of the field, integrating social, cultural, economic, political, and military history from the rise of the movement to the destruction of the regime. The result is a book that is both highly readable and highly teachable. Nazi Germany spans twelve chapters balancing a chronological and thematic approach that might be thought of in three rough blocs. The first two chapters move the reader from the imperial period to Hitler's appointment as chancellor. The next six focus on the prewar years of Nazi rule with thematic analyses of the consolidation of the dictatorship; racism and biopolitics; the economy and society; culture and the arts; youth, gender, and sexuality; and foreign relations and global engagement. The last four turn to the war years, respectively zeroing in on conquest and empire to 1942; the Holocaust; resistance and rescue; and the cataclysmic violence of the last two years of the war. That the lion's share of the chapters focus on the prewar years is a reflection of the author's stated interest in the broader social dynamics of the dictatorship. This is a survey text by two scholars at the top of their game and there is thus little with which a reviewer might perform the ritual of book review criticism. Still, one enduring observation I had while reading concerned the lack of sustained engagement with religion. Religion is of course present-sixteen times according to the index-but in almost every case, Christianity in particular is discussed in the context of resistance: the crucifix affairs, the Confessing Church, Pope Pius XI's encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge, and of course Clemens von Galen's criticism of the "euthanasia" program. These examples work well for Swett and Wiesen as they analyze the ways in which resistance need not be holistic, but they may have missed an opportunity to fold Christianity into their narrative of accommodation and consent. For example, the German Christians (Deutsche Christen) are mentioned once, en route to a discussion of the Confessing Church, and little systematic attention is given to accommodations and reconciliations between Nazism and Christianity at the doctrinal, institutional, and personal levels. Rather than undermining their argument, deeper consideration would

2025, Annuaire de l’EHESS. Comptes rendus des cours et conférences

2025, Social Mobility in pre-industrial societies: tendencies, causes and effects (13th-18th centuries)", edited by Angela Orlandi. Firenze UP, pp 175-204

2025, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History

Polish lands in 19th century are usually located in the economic peripheries of Europe. However there are no usable datasets of Polish GDP for this period to verify this hypothesis. The main problem is lack of reliable and comparable macroeconomic data from country divided between Russia, Austria and Prussia. The main goal of this research was to propose the method based on the urbanization data set to estimate the GDP of Polish territories and to verify the hypothesis on the peripheral development of Polish lands. In result the new estimates on GDP per capita were established, that allowed to confirm the hypothesis of semiperipheral development of Polish territories in 19th century and slow process of catching-up with the core economies.

2025, Rethinking History

'Events' is a key category in history and historiography. Quite paradoxically, however, its pervasiveness is inversely proportional to the scholarly attention it has garnered among theorists/philosophers of history. In the article, I address this understudied topic by taking seriously the prominent presence of a type of non-events in the thematic architecture of most histories: socio-cultural structures. A brief examination of these will provide a foil of contrast against which some general features of events can be reassessed. The juxtaposition will then be worked out to reveal that events serve differing functions in historical research and writing. Historical events, as will be elucidated, can be mobilized as ends or means of causal and intentional explanations; to exemplify continuities and changes in structures; as markers for subsequent memory process; or in terms of their structure-upending effects. I do not argue for or against any of these roles, only that they are non-reducible to a putative meta-function. Such a view is pluralistic, though not exactly neutral, as it implies that the traditional discussion about the nature of historical explanation, while highly valuable, does not fully account for the nexus between events and historiography.

2025, Canadian Slavonic Papers/Revue canadieene des slavistes,

Historians are at times divided in their views by "closed circles" of arguments based on differently prioritized premises. An instance of this occurs in the responses to the early textual work of Edward L. Keenan and his challenges to the traditional dating, attribution, and textual relations of four Muscovite texts. Preference is frequently given in the responses to arguments in a different register-to semiotic description and content interpretation over internal text-structural analysis-and even within the same register, to an appeal to textological over text-critical principles.

2025

Objetivo: esta investigación buscó analizar el impacto de la enseñanza de temas controversiales en el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en estudiantes de un colegio particular subvencionado de Chile. La temática seleccionada fue la ocupación de la Araucanía ocurrida durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El tema, de naturaleza controversial, es relevante para comprender el conflicto actual en ese territorio y se hace necesario su abordaje desde la escuela. Metodología: es un estudio cualitativo, desde la investigación acción. Como instrumentos de recogida de información se utilizaron: cuaderno de campo, cuestionario metacognitivo, lista de cotejo y guías de trabajo de los estudiantes. El análisis de los resultados se realizó a través de un análisis de contenido, levantándose cuatro categorías de análisis: prácticas pedagógicas, trabajo con fuentes históricas, temas controversiales y desempeño de los estudiantes. Resultados: los resultados evidencian que promover estrategias como la discusión guiada, el debate y el trabajo con fuentes históricas, a partir de temas controversiales, favorecen el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en los educandos. Conclusiones: estudios como este, permiten la comprensión de los desafíos educativos existentes en espacios similares a la Araucanía al momento de enseñar historia.

2025

Looking for ways to combat AI usage in U.S. History Surveys? Here is one research paper assignment that I designed that may be of assistance. I won't lie, it is not perfect, and there is a lot of labor on the instructor's end, but I think... more

2025, Littoral

The family is the microcosm of the larger society. This oldest human institution remains the natural ecology of norm-compliant and norm-flouting social actors. Not every family member is a criminal. But crimes affect every single member of every victimized family. For example, a crime event in which the criminal, victim, and reporter are members of the same family creates a delicate domestic platform to assess the ambient intricacies of the contestation of entitlements. While non-reporting crime is a paradoxical display of primordial commitment to families of orientation and procreation, crime reporting constitutes normative loyalty to the structured continuity of humanity. The domestic crime reporter does not gloss over the report of the moral inadequacies of blundering siblings. Therefore, reporting crimes pitches the domestic reporter against other family members to inevitably, though undesirably, become a cultural outsider. The reporter must be rescued and protected by a significant domestic authority. Otherwise, the oppressive forces of the revenge-seeking family majority may stigmatize, demonize, frustrate, and prevent the reporter from any future engagement with crime reporting in traditional domestic contexts. The criticality of the family for analytical behavior modification vis-à-vis crime reporting as a component of social control efficiency is compelling and significant. This reality makes the family locale my choice unit of analysis for a persuasive discussion of the new ideas about the pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial crime-reporting ambiance among Yoruba people.

2025, فیکیسم یا دارونیسم و یا هر دو؟

ارائه ی فرضیه و نظریه ام در خصوص پیدایش

2025, in Recherches de science religieuse (Paris), vol. CXIII, nº 2, pp. 75-96

L'article précisera l'idée de théologie chez Michel de Certeau d'un point de vue à la fois conceptuel et épistémologique. Pour ce faire, il nous semble nécessaire d'interroger les usages que Certeau a fait de cette discipline dans le cadre des sciences humaines et sociales. À cet égard, il est tout d'abord essentiel de mettre en évidence les différences entre ces dernières et de contextualiser la conception théologique de Michel de Certeau dans le cadre du carrefour que constitue la crise épistémologique des années 1970. En somme, quel type de savoir est la théologie pour Michel de Certeau, est-ce vraiment une science? Cette bifurcation suffit-elle à fonder une identité épistémologique? Enfin, Michel de Certeau peut-il être considéré comme un théologien ou simplement comme un intellectuel qui utilise les prémisses théologiques de la même manière qu'il l'a fait avec d'autres savoirs connexes?

2025, Metodologia della ricerca sociale

Questo saggio esplora varie tecniche di campionamento utilizzate nella ricerca sociale, evidenziando l'importanza di selezionare casi rappresentativi per ottenere dati significativi. Viene illustrato come la dimensione del campione non sia l'unico fattore determinante per la sua accuratezza, citando un esempio storico delle elezioni presidenziali americane del 1936. La ponderazione del campione e l'approccio alla rappresentatività statistica vengono discussi in dettaglio, sottolineando l'importanza di riprodurre le caratteristiche della popolazione di riferimento.

2025, Diálogos Revista Electrónica

Este artículo presenta un repaso de las formas en que se ha escrito la historia del cantón de San Ramón, desde 1917 al 2009.Mediante una cronología dividida en tres períodos, se discuten los estilos empleados en las historias de este lugar. Se destacan, especialmente, las formas en que trabajan historiadores locales académicos, así como los historiadores locales "por vocación" o sin formación académica. También se incluyen algunas reflexiones para fortalecer el estudio de la historia local de San Ramón, ya que esta, pese a su trayectoria, proporciona un conocimiento fragmentario del pasado de esta comunidad. Historia local, metodología histórica, historia local académica, historia local no académica.

2025, REMS

Si bien los conjuntos de datos sobre acontecimientos conflictivos se utilizan cada vez más en la
investigación de conflictos, persisten importantes preocupaciones sobre la calidad de los datos
recogidos. Estas preocupaciones no son necesariamente nuevas. Sin embargo, debido a que el
debate metodológico y las pruebas sobre los posibles errores siguen estando dispersos entre las
distintas subdisciplinas de las ciencias sociales, hay poco consenso en cuanto a las prácticas
adecuadas de notificación en los libros de códigos, la mejor manera de tratar los diferentes tipos
de errores, y a qué tipos de errores hay que dar prioridad. En este artículo, introducimos un
nuevo marco analítico, el entorno llamado en ingles Total Event Error (TEE), que tiene como
objetivo dilucidar los retos metodológicos y los errores que pueden afectar a la introducción de
los sucesos en los conjuntos de datos de conflictos y a la forma en que se hace, basándose en
diferentes campos de estudio. Los errores potenciales son diversos y pueden ir desde errores
derivados de la lógica de los medios de comunicación (por ejemplo, la selección de
determinados tipos de sucesos en las noticias) a errores que se producen durante el proceso de
recogida de datos o la fase de análisis. Basándonos en el entorno TEE, proponemos un conjunto
de estrategias para mitigar los errores asociados con la construcción y el uso de conjuntos de
datos de eventos conflictivos. También identificamos una serie de vías importantes para la
investigación futura en relación con la metodología de creación de conjuntos de datos de
eventos conflictivos

2025, REMS

En este trabajo se analiza la acción colectiva empresaria ante los debates en Estados Unidos
sobre el ingreso de China a la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC). El abordaje de este
caso paradigmático resulta un puntapié para discutir las distintas aproximaciones teóricas para el
estudio de la acción colectiva empresaria y sistematizar una perspectiva crítica. Se enfatiza en la
necesidad de atender a su dimensión histórica y, por lo tanto, a las particularidades de Estados
Unidos como principal potencia y a la específica dinámica que imprime la ofensiva neoliberal y
la internacionalización productiva desde la década del 70. En esta línea, la perspectiva propuesta
inscribe la acción colectiva empresaria en la relación entre Estado y clase dominante y en la
dinámica de la lucha de clases.

2025, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History

The development of the French railway network was mostly planned in a centralized manner. Despite the multiplication of travel opportunities, the local impact on the demographics is often given as an indirect effect of this spatial transformation. However, this "structuring effect" is still subject to controversies within the academia. In this paper, we construct a historical geographic information system describing the evolution of the French network. We use it to compute accessibility measures based on network access and travel durations. We first observe than the network growth indeed achieved the various planning goals in term of functional accessibility. We then present further evidences that the "structuring effect" of the train network on cities demographics is very limited if not null.

2025, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History

In this article, the authors present a spatiotemporal model for elucidating the evolution of market towns spanning from before 1550 to 1980. The study area, Jiangnan (i.e., current Shanghai and Suzhou cities area), with its flat elevation and compact river network, is the best place to evaluate the dynamic hierarchical change of the market towns in China. The population and the geographical location of each market town are manually extracted from a large quantity of historical literature. A geographical information system, spatial statistics, and the Shannon entropy are utilized for capturing the growth or decline of market towns and examining the spatial and hierarchical relationships of the market towns. The proposed methods can be easily extended to other historical research.

2025, Science and Religion Studies

In this article, inspired by the theories presented in the methodology of science and the philosophy of science, the process of changing religious beliefs in the study of religions is explained. Accordingly, Popper's falsifications view is similar to the common view of theologians and rationalists, who consider religious discussions and debates the main and effective factor in changing people's beliefs. In contrast to this view and relying on historical evidence, the change in the worldview of religious people has been considered similar to the change in the scientific paradigms of scientists from the perspective of Thomas Kuhn. In this way, it has been shown that, contrary to the traditional view of theologians, people do not change their beliefs (religion and sect) solely through theoretical discussions and theological proofs and refutations but are influenced by various social and psychological factors. It has also been shown that different religions and sects have incomparable worldviews, and, as a result, theological disputes are considered polemical debates between the two parties. Accordingly, in religious studies, Kuhn's perspective can be used to explain how individuals' religious attitudes change. Also, within the framework of faithism in the philosophy of religion, the question is answered: How do individuals choose their fait?

2025, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History

There are few historical records that are as rich, extensive, well-preserved, and widely-available as the tax registers of the Ottoman Empire. To obtain current information on the Empire s sources of revenue, the Ottoman government conducted periodic surveys of the lands under its domination and recorded detailed information about tax-paying subjects and taxable resources in registers commonly known as the tahrir defterleri (s. defter). There now exist defters of regions ranging from Anatolia and the Balkans to Syria and Palestine in the south, Georgia in the east, and Hungary and Poland in the north, altogether forming an indispensable series of documents for studying the economic and social history of the Middle East and Eastern Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Despite the great potential of these documents, they have been surprisingly underutilized in historical research. Researchers have typically limited their use to the construction of local histories of specific regions, rarely employing them in comprehensive quantitative studies or in addressing questions of broader historical significance or larger social scientific relevance. In this article I argue that following two courses of action may eventually change this outcome. By adopting a more optimistic attitude toward the potential of these sources and by using appropriate sampling procedures to gather data, the historian of the Middle East and Eastern Europe may promote the productive use of defters in historical scholarship and push the boundaries of our knowledge of these regions significantly.

2025, Yönetim ve Organizasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi

One of the hottest debates in the past two decades in the business history domain seems to revolve around as to whether organizational theory and history can be reconciled in such a way that one does not prevail over the other. Although recent suggestions display a potential to guide business history scholars, further elaboration on the relationship between history and organization theory is required due to the increasing expectations for theoretical contribution by toptier journals. In this study, we try to reveal the potential contributions of the hermeneutical research method to the above-mentioned debate by unfolding the ontological, epistemological, and methodological similarities between history as a distinct discipline and hermeneutical philosophy. Moreover, with the aim of contributing to the relevant literature, our study lays out the issues that need special consideration while applying the hermeneutical method in business history research.

2025, Pescar O Navegar La Edad Media En La Red Sesiones De Trabajo Seminario De Historia Medieval 2005 Isbn 84 96214 49 4 Pags 117 131

[A stampa in Pescar o navegar. La Edad Media en la Red, Zaragoza 2005, pp. 117-131 © dell'autore -Distribuito in formato digitale da "Reti Medievali", www.biblioteca.retimedievali.it].

2025

Trading Consequences is an interdisciplinary research project between historians, computational linguists and visualization specialists. We use text mining and visualisations to explore the growth of the global commodity trade in the nineteenth century. Feedback from a group of environmental historians during a workshop provided essential information to adapt advanced text mining and visualisation techniques to historical research. Expert feedback is an essential tool for effective interdisciplinary research in the digital humanities.

2025

In response to the developing concerns from students and faculty, Whittier College began sending out The Poet Update via email as a main source for campus news and information regarding Covid-19. These emails would provide a general update on the college’s approaches to online learning before going into specific changes or answering questions. Sent between March 13th to April 28th, the following emails reveal the plan of action for students and faculty for moving forward, as well as some of the changing conditions regarding student grades, waivers, fees, and matters specifically dealing with the success of students and faculty. Students and Faculty were informed of any information on opportunities for students to engage and stay connected with Whittier College’s essential resources, such as online tutoring, counseling, and academic mentoring

2025, Quêtes littéraires

The paper discusses the theme of wandering in the novel by French author André Dhôtel. The protagonist of Le Mont Damion, Fabien Gort, is not a typical vagrant, as he is a member of an intellectual and quite rich family. However, because of his strong absent-mindedness and strangeness, Fabien is unable to find a place in social structures. People’s hostility leads him to many wanderings and unexpected encounters which influence his existence. The novel seems to be also a generic wandering, as it possesses some features of picaresque novel, adventure novel, initiation story and fairytale fantasy.

2025

2025, Sustainability

Human beings are an active component of every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Although our local impact on the evolution of these ecosystems has been undeniable and extensively documented, it remains unclear precisely how our activities are altering them, in part because ecosystems are dynamic systems structured by complex, non-linear feedback processes and cascading effects. We argue that it is only by studying human–environment interactions over timescales that greatly exceed the lifespan of any individual human (i.e., the deep past or longue durée), we can hope to fully understand such processes and their implications. In this article, we identify some of the key challenges faced in integrating long-term datasets with those of other areas of sustainability science, and suggest some useful ways forward. Specifically, we (a) highlight the potential of the historical sciences for sustainability science, (b) stress the need to integrate theoretical frameworks wherein humans are seen ...

2025

Of all the preposterous assumptions of humanity over humanity, nothing exceeds most of the criticisms made on the habits of the poor by the wellhoused, well warmed, and wellfed. Herman Melville, "Poor Man's Pudding," 1854 Poverty is a problem with important educational implications. Poor children, for example, often struggle academically in school, pose unique disciplinary problems for teachers and administrators, and may require additional resources to be successful (Byrne, 2008; Jackson, 2008). Given these challenges, school districts have devoted considerable time and money to professional development intended to better prepare educators to work with children from poor backgrounds. Perhaps the most visible contemporary spokesperson on poverty and education to whom districts have turned is Dr. Ruby Payne, author of A Framework for Understanding Poverty (2005). Measures of Payne's influence are remarkable to consider. Her aforementioned book has sold over one million copies and been translated into other languages such as Spanish since its publication in 2005. Payne has also launched a speaking career by conducting professional development workshops in 38 American states and internationally. She trains approximately 40,000 educators a year and reports having worked with 70 to 80 percent of the nation's districts over the last decade with the assistance of her staff and consultants (Shapira, 2007). While Payne's popularity cannot be disputed, her work has generated great controversy and criticism. For example, questions have been raised about the methodological validity of her work and subsequent selfproclaimed "expertise" (Baker, Ng & Rury, 2006). Others have criticized the deficiencyoriented nature of her views on poor people that results not only in blaming the victim for being poor in the first place, but also blaming the victim for not exercising the power to alleviate his/her poor condition (Bohn, 2006; OseiKofi, 2005; Gorski, 2006a. Reviews of Payne's published materials also indicate her inaccurate characterization of existing social science research and reliance upon stereotypes that poor people are disproportionately more immoral, lazy, and promiscuous than middleclass or wealthy individuals (Ng & Rury, 2006). And lastly, a careful analysis of the 607 "truth claims" she makes in her text reveals that the majority of her assertions actually contradict the findings of empirical work in fields such as education, anthropology, and sociology (Bomer, Dorin, May & Semingson, 2008). Clearly, the merits of Payne's work on poverty are highly disputed. Her extensive involvement with school districts across the country underscores educators' interest in the topic, however, and the desire to be equipped with accurate understandings of poverty and its effects. This is a challenging task since poverty is a historically dynamic, governmental construct with real consequences affecting people across different racial, ethnic, and gender backgrounds; living in a variety of family arrangements; and residing in rural, suburban, and urban communities. In other words, it is a complex problem that cannot be captured by pat generalizations. In this article, we examine the statistical parameters of childhood poverty in the United States with critical reference to the views of Ruby Payne. We begin by utilizing data from the 2000 U.S. Census to describe the conditions of poverty among American children and youth. In particular, we consider the scope of poverty and its correlation with a number of other circumstances in children's lives that may bear on their success in school, such as family structure and parental education. Because poor children are not evenly distributed across American society, we also assess the geographic dimensions of poverty that highlight where they live and the degree to which they are concentrated in certain types of communities. As it turns out, each of these aspects of poverty is important to understanding its impact on the lives of children at this point in history. Our analysis culminates by considering how poverty and other conditions of children's lives are associated with accomplishment in school, measured by their likelihood of attainment. We find that children's poverty status is one of many characteristics statistically associated with educational outcomes, but it is probably not the single most critical factor in predicting their school attainment. We also follow Payne's lead and consider the circumstances of children contending with multiple risk factors who might well be described as "the truly disadvantaged." Success in school appears to be especially problematic for these children; yet, poverty is again but one of several conditions that appear to affect their education. We conclude by discussing the implications of this analysis as they relate to the educational dilemmas of 1

2025

ISTC -Incunabula Short Title Catalogue. ZVGS -"Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte (und Alterthum) Schlesiens". Wstęp Publikacja ta jest próbą przedstawienia pewnego sporu wokół kodeksu Liwiusza zawierającego czwartą dekadę jego Ab urbe condita, pochodzącego z biblioteki kościoła św. Piotra i św. Pawła w Legnicy 1 . Toczył się on w latach 1870-1871 pomiędzy historykiem Hermannem Kraffertem a filologiem Rudolfem Peiperem. Zapoczątkowała go notatka w "Liegnitzer Stadtblatt" z 10 maja 1870 roku, informująca o odkryciu rękopisu zawierającego nieznane dotąd księgi dzieła Liwiusza. Ponieważ większość ksiąg Ab urbe condita zaginęła w średniowieczu, nie było rzeczą dziwną, że pojawiające się czasem informacje o rękopisach Liwiusza budziły zaciekawienie i skłaniały do zadawania pytania, czy może nie zawierają one utraconych ksiąg. W sporze widocznych jest kilka wątków. Pierwszym jest kwestia, czy Kraffert rzeczywiście był odkrywcą kodeksu, do czego rościł sobie pretensje, wśród pozostałych są: wiek rękopisu, jego wartość dla nauki, proweniencja i jego właściciele, a także sprawa nagłośnienia odkrycia na świecie. Spór stał się również okazją do zaprezentowania innych zagadnień związanych z legnickim kodeksem i tradycją rękopiśmienną Liwiusza, szczególnie czwartej dekady Ab urbe condita, czyli ks. 31-40, które znajdują się w kodeksie. 1 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego (dalej: BUWr.), sygn. Akc. 1948/797. Publikacja ta powstała w trakcie realizacji projektu w ramach Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki "Katalog rękopisów średniowiecznych ze śląskich kolekcji piastowskich -dawnych bibliotek w Brzegu i Legnicy", którego kierownikiem naukowym jest Pan Profesor Wojciech Mrozowicz z Instytutu Historycznego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.

2024

This paper looks at the fertility, mortality, and marriage experience of racial, ethnic, and nativity groups in the United States from the 19th to the late 20th centuries. The first part consist of a description and critique of the racial and ethnic categories used in the federal census and in the published vital statistics. The second part looks at these three dimensions of demographic behavior. There has been both absolute and relative convergence of fertility across groups, It has been of relatively recent origin and has been due, in large part, to stable, or even slightly increasing, birth rates for the majority white population combined with declining birth rates for blacks and the Asian-origin, Hispanic-origin, and Amerindian populations. This has not been true for mortality. The black population has experienced absolute convergence but relative deterioration in mortality (neonatal and infant mortality, maternal mortality, expectation of life at birth, and age-adjusted death rates), in contrast to the Amerindian and Asian-origin populations. The Asian-origin population actually now has age-adjusted death rates significantly lower than those for the white population. The disadvantaged condition of the black population and the deteriorating social safety net are the likely origins of this outcome. Finally, there was a trend toward earlier and more extensive marriage from about 1900 up to the 1960s. At this point, coincident with the end of the "Baby Boom," there has been a movement to later marriage for both males and females among whites, blacks, and the Hispanic-origin populations. This trend has been more extreme in the black population, especially among females. There has also been a significant rise in proportions never-married at ages 45-54 among blacks and, to a lesser extent, among Hispanics. So here too, there has been some divergence.

2024, Sustainability

2024, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. Taksonomia

2024

Historical research in organization and management studies continues to be described as a type of inductive theory building from cases. But historical epistemology and methodological practices are better understood as a form of situated scholarly inquiry in which the researcher interprets or analyzes the past from a position in the present through a process of abductive reasoning. This chapter elaborates on the implications of the situated character of historical reasoning for the nature of historical knowledge claims, and for the methodological practices involved in scholarly historical research, including the treatment of evidence, the establishment of explanations, the attempt at understanding, and the foundations for evaluative conclusions. It concludes by considering the implications for the role of historical discourse within management and organization studies more broadly.

2024, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi

Bu çalışmada turizm ile terörizm arasındaki ilişki de()işik boyutları ile irdelenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle teröriz min ne oldu() u, turizm sektörü ile nasıl bir ilişkisi oldu() u ve turizm faaliyetlerinin terörizmden nasıl ve ne ölçüde etkiledii)i üze rinde durulmaktadır. Çalışmada turizmin Türk ekonomisindeki yeri, Türk turizminin gelişimi incelenmekte, daha sonra PKK terörünün Türk turizmi üzerine etkisi hem Güney Doi)u Anadolu Bölgesi ölçei)inde hem de Türkiye ölçe()inde incelenmekte dir. Çalışmada 1999 yılında Türk turizminde yaşanan kriz ile Abdullah Ö calan'ın yakalanıp Türkiye'ye getirilmesiyle yaşanan terör olayları arasındaki ilişki daha ayrıntılı olarak incelenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma bir literatür taraması olup ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilen isıastiksel bilgilerle desteklenmeye çalışılmıştır.

2024

Wartości graniczne, grupowanie danych, modelowanie uszkodzeń. Streszczenie W artykule zaproponowano podejście do wyznaczenia wartości granicznych za pomocą algorytmów rozmytego grupowania danych. Wykorzystano algorytmy FCM, PCM oraz algorytm Gustafsona-Kessela. Eksperyment przeprowadzano na danych symulacyjnych. W tym celu zbudowano model numeryczny maszyny wirnikowej, symulującej określone stany i wielkości niewyważenia. Wyznaczone wartości graniczne porównano z wartościami otrzymanymi przy pomocy metody statystycznej. Wszystkie obliczenia wykonywano w środowisku Matlab-Simulink.

2024

The book "Criticisms and Doubts of the Imami Shia Against Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Rejecting them" authored by Dr. 'Ādil 'Azzāzī has recently been published in four volumes and nearly two thousand five hundred pages in Cairo, Egypt. This book is the author›s doctoral dissertation in the Faculty of Hadith Sciences of Al-Azhar University, Egypt, which was defended with honors. The central theme of this book is the response to the criticisms of Shia against Bukhārī›s al-Jāmi al-Ṣaḥīḥ book, which has been published in the contemporary century by Shia writers, especially of Iranian origin, in criticizing and evaluating al-Jāmi al-Ṣaḥīḥ book and its author. Some of these criticisms refer to Bukhārī›s personality and another type refers to the content of hadiths in al-Jāmi al-Ṣaḥīḥ. The main issue of this article is the critical analysis of Bukhārī›s recognition chapter from the first volume of this book, which has criticized the content of this chapter and the author›s approach in compiling it with a pathological approach. The findings of this article prove that the myth-making approach of Bukhārī is evident in Dr. 'Azzāzī›s book, and his claims in Bukhārī›s translation face serious historical challenges and criticisms. The critical analysis of the author of the article is based on a specific theoretical framework in criticizing the Muslim heritage, which is explained in the first part of the article. The first part is dedicated to the criticism of al-Jāmi al-Ṣaḥīḥ in the struggle of criticism and defense of the intellectual currents of the contemporary century. In the second part, the approach of mythology in Bukhārī›s description is analyzed. In the third part of the myth of "Bukhārī; Amir al-Mu'mīnīn Fi Hadith» has been analyzed and criticized.

2024

Syllabus for an MA-level historiography seminar. Taught at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Fall 2024.

2024

It is also important to note that cultural and ethnic identity do not have to correspond to archaeological identifications as well. The definitive allocation of archaeological findings to a certain ethnic or cultural group is only possible if allowed for by relevant primary sources. Here again it is important to differ between exonyms and endonyms as cultural and ethnic identity can be influenced from within and without. Many late antique or early medieval authors were influenced by religious and/or political motifs which influence perception and description of foreign cultures as well as designations or language.