History of Birth Control Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Aletheia

ALETHEIA Lettre d'informations religieuses "La vérité vous rendra libres" (Jean 8, 32) XXVI e année n° 354 10 mai 2025 Cette lettre mensuelle d'informations, publiée depuis juillet 2000, paraît douze fois par an et contient des nouvelles, des analyses et des commentaires qui ne trouveraient pas forcément leur place dans les publications auxquelles je collabore. Il s'agit simplement de servir la vérité dans la fidélité à l'enseignement traditionnel de l'Église.

2025

most prominent leader of the modern birth control and 'free love' movements. 1 Sanger's mother was a devout Irish Catholic; her father, Michael Higgins, was an unstable man unable to provide adequately for his large family. Although a skilled stonemason and tombstone carver, Mr Higgins was unable to properly care for his family because he alienated many of his customers with his radical politics. 2 He drank heavily when he had the money while his 11 children 'suffered bitterly from cold, privation, and hunger.' 3 He was so anti-Christian that when Margaret was baptized at St. Mary's Catholic church on March 23, 1893, the event 'had to be kept secret, as her father would have been furious.' Sanger left her unhappy home as a teen, never to return-except briefly to study nursing at a co-educational boarding school called 'Claverack College'. She was reportedly a poor student, skipped classes and neglected her part-time job. She dropped out of school and, after a brief stay at home to help care for her dying mother, moved in with her older sister and worked as a first grade teacher. She taught the children of immigrants but left after only two terms. This unhappy experience may have contributed to her later enthusiastic embrace of eugenics. About this time she married William Sanger, an architect and painter, in 1902 and soon had three children. Her husband tried everything within his power to please his wife, but she turned out to be very difficult to satisfy. Margaret was also a distracted mother who did not like caring for children, including her own. 6 She detested domestic life and grossly neglected her children to the point that neighbours had to step in to care for them. The letters her children wrote to their mother vividly reveal this neglect. Margaret Sanger's second husband, oil magnate and founder of the 3-in-1 Oil Company James Noah H. Slee, was also very wealthy. 8 She wrote to her secretary, 'I don't want to marry anyone, particularly a stodgy churchgoer … Yet ... how often am I going to meet a man with nine million dollars?' In the first issue of her journal titled The Woman Rebel, she wrote that marriage is 'a degenerate institution' and that modesty is an 'obscene prudery'. Following her father's footsteps, Sanger became involved in radical politics. When she was formally introduced to Marxism, anarchism, secular humanism, free love and Darwinism, she found her passion in life. Sanger used her husbands' wealth to support her activities. Her sexual passion, though, resulted in free-love behaviour that neither of her two husbands could cope with. 10 Margaret Sanger was the founder of Planned Parenthood, the leading organization advocating abortion in the United States today. Darwinism had a profound influence on her thinking, including her conversion to, and active support of, eugenics. She was specifically concerned with reducing the population of the 'less fit', including 'inferior races' such as 'Negroes'. One major result of her lifelong work was to support the sexual revolution that has radically changed our society.

2025, Pannonhalmi Szemle

A szülés társadalmi felügyelete minden időben és minden társadalomban meghatározza a szülés lehetséges módját, a szülésben részt vevők funkcióit, illetve értelmező kereteit. A premodern szüléskultúrák holisztikus szemléletét a modern... more

2025, La cultura como dimensión transversal de lo social: objetos, con ceptos y debates actuales acerca de los mundos del arte contemporáneos

Martine SEVEGRAND, Les enfants du bon Dieu. Les catholiques français et la procréation au XXe siècle, Paris, Albin Michel, 1995, 481 p. Martine SEVEGRAND, L'amour en toutes lettres. Questions à l'abbé Viollet sur la sexualité (1924-1943), Paris, Albin Michel, 1996, 337 p

2025, Cahiers d’histoire.

2025

Looking at family planning in isolation will be erroneous from analytical point of view. Hence in the following study, an attempt has been made to discuss about a theoretical and conceptual framework which would help in better understanding of the concept, sociologically. The role of gynecologists, role of husband, power relations and women"s autonomy to decide for her body has been analyzed in detail this study.

2025

ISBN 0-203-29961-2 Master e-book ISBN (Print edition) ISBN 0-203-33882-0 (Adobe eReader Format) This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. "To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk." This book is based on a PhD dissertation submitted to the University of Sheffield in 2001. It was in 1997 when the basic ideas sprung up in my mind. Since then, I have moved from place to place, from Japan via Scotland and England to the capital city of Wales. Throughout this long length of time, I received generous support from numerous people, whom I cannot possibly name here. Inevitably, the list below of people to whom I own thanks is not exclusive. Firstly, I would like to thank many scholars in both Japan and Britain who provided me with invaluable academic inspiration and support, in particular

2025, Le Temps des médias

2025

A partir de la eugenesia, la ciencia propuesta por Francis Galton a fines del siglo XIX para el mejoramiento de la raza humana, el ensayo propone un diálogo entre la historia de este proyecto científico social en el siglo XX y las crisis contemporáneas en la América Latina, como las de la migración, la seguridad, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, la ciudad desigual, la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial y las nuevas utopías transhumanistas

2025, POLIS Journal of Political Science

Abstract: The expansion of euthanasia, or Track 2 Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) to non-terminal physically
disabled people introduced in 2021 in Canada is recognized by many marginalized disabled individuals and allies
as a modern form of eugenics. In September 2024, a coalition of disability organizations and two individuals
harmed by creeping euthanasia policy temporarily stayed for mental illness until 2027 launched a Charter
challenge against Track 2 MAiD. This paper considers the concepts of relational autonomy and rights to better
understand complex issues in euthanasia debates from feminist and disability perspectives. Countering medical
discourses sentimentalizing euthanasia limitedly as a rational choice supporting individual autonomy marked by
access to medical treatment, it argues relational autonomy taking into account social dimensions supports disabled
people’s right to health and life. As an essential component of living in dignity, this includes freedom from cruel and
unusual punishment amounting to torture recognized in sterilization abuses targeting disabled, Indigenous, Roma,
and other socially vulnerable women globally. Informed by personal experience of feminized poverty, chronic
illness, and eugenic sterilization, I maintain prescribing ”drug cocktails” like surgical sterilization rebranded as a
treatment for disabilities undermines disabled people with intersecting racial, class, religious, and sexual identities
collective autonomy and existence. I offer insights on controversies over drugs promoted as ensuring a dignified
death compounding gendered medical trauma and injustice supporting repealing Track 2 MAiD for non-terminally
ill disabled people.
Keywords: colonialism, euthanasia, neo-eugenics, disability, sterilization, relational autonomy, feminism

2024, University of Delaware, Ph.D. Dissertation

Throughout the years of my project, I am indebted to the expertise and encouragement of many people. I am most fortunate to have Rebecca L. Davis as my dissertation advisor. Rebecca has been the kindest and intellectually most generous... more

2024, Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online

While the majority of East Asian countries embraced the modern intrauterine device (IUD) during the 1960s, the sale and distribution of the IUD in Japan was not authorized until 1974. In this paper, I address why the Japanese Government took so long to permit the use of the IUD. Firstly, I examine scientific debates in Japan during the early 1950s on the efficacy of the IUD and associated health risks, to illustrate how the Government's conservative attitude was fostered by a co-constitutive relationship between health officials and leading obstetrician-gynaecologists who believed that the IUD was dangerous and likely to induce abortion. I also trace the Japanese Government's rapidly changing attitude through the 1960s, and analyse the influential interaction between national policy making and the enthusiastic response of a small number of Japanese doctors to the transnational movement to curb population growth in developing countries. I argue that the specific ways in which biomedical discourse was shaped by the sociopolitical position of doctors in relation to the Government's health administration explains the Japanese Government's resistance to use of the IUD. However, I also note that the Government's dramatic change in attitude was influenced directly by transnational reproductive politics. This paper will enhance the history of reproductive politics in postwar Japan, which has tended to focus on the politics surrounding abortion and the contraceptive pill.

2024, g/s/i

Eugenia Maria Roccella was appointed Minister for Family, Natality and Equal Opportunities in the
government headed by Giorgia Meloni on October 22, 2022. The article engages Roccella’s idiosyncratic postfeminism, examining its conservative, populist and maternalist stance and assessing how it positions itself in relation
to existing paradigms of sexual difference and queer feminism. In particular, reading the Minister’s theoretical and
literary texts alongside her parliamentary speeches and interviews, the article interrogates Roccella’s discursive
construction of motherhood from a pro-life, pro-family and anti-gender perspective. Through the investigation of
the interconnection between notions of motherhood, natality, family and equal opportunities, that Roccella posits at
the core of her institutional project, it will be argued that her feminism: establishes maternal desire as women’s best
and truly feminist choice; reiterates representations of heteronormative families; and promotes an anti-gender
anthropological resistance.

2024, 2024

Dr. Charles Knowlton, Mary Jacobi, and Marie Stopes are frequently described as leading figures in the birth control movement. Several of these descriptions, however, present misleading information. This book aims at rectifying... more

2024, Születésszabályozás – egyke, in: Szabó F. (szerk.), Személy, házasság és család. Erkölcsteológiai, pszichológiai, szociológiai, egyházjogi és pedagógiai szempontok, Róma. p. 157-173.

This is the Hungarian Summary of the dissertation: Arpad Adam Somorjai: Geburtenbeschränkung in Bauernfamilien Ungarns (ca. 1750-1945). Ein moraltheologischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kontrazeption in einer vorindustriellen Gesellschaft, Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Theologia morali consequendum, Katholische Akademie, Hamburg 1990. 199 lap. (Reihe Wissenschaft, 1.)

2024

Comment on "Chinese cultural landscapes: from the ideal of a balanced bond between humans and nature to ecological forms of life" Comment Comment on "Chinese Cultural landsCapes: from the ideal of a balanCed bond between humans and nature... more

2024, Modern Asian Studies

This article deliberates on the entanglements between politics and the history of food, health, and gender in Hindu middle-class households of early twentieth-century North India, through the genre of printed cookbooks in Hindi. While cookbooks became important nodes through which to construct an ideal Hindu housewife and kitchen, they were also a place where educated, middle-class women's voices came to be heard, recorded, and published. The article shows how and why cookbooks are an important source for writing gendered social histories of the Hindu middle classes in modern India. Simultaneously, reflecting on the larger politics of food, the article focuses on the social identities embedded in these culinary texts, and the multiple meanings they embodied, as they strengthened gender, caste, and religious boundaries, constructed a past golden culinary age, upheld ayurvedic knowledge, bemoaned the present state of culinary sciences, used food to overcome the malaise of the middle classes, fashioned an ideal Hindu upper-caste palate as synonymous with a vegetarian diet, and imagined a healthy family and a strong Hindu nation through culinary idioms.

2024, Asian Medicine

This article conceptualizes the entanglements between home remedies, vernacular medical knowledge, and gender in Hindu middle-class urban households of early twentieth-century North India through the genre of printed healing recipes in Hindi and the space of the kitchen. It focuses particularly on the vibrant and eclectic "home recipes" written by Yashoda Devi, the leading woman Ayurvedic practitioner of the period. In the process, the paper attempts to theorize recipes as a distinct genre, often authored by women, and an arena where literate women's voices came to be heard, recorded, and published in colonial India. Putting a spotlight on women kitchen pharmacists, the article shows how they were repositors, consumers, domestic doctors, writers, and transmitters of local, home-based health practices and quotidian preventive medicine. While often upholding idealizations of the "good" housewife, these printed recipes also conjoined gender identities and positive kitchen experiences, resting on authority and sharing between women in the field of everyday medicine. Finally, the article shows how these popular Ayurvedic recipes were often projected as upholders of noninvasive, low-cost medicine beyond the regimentations of the colonial state.

2024, Geburtenbeschränkung in Bauernfamilien. Ungarische Erfahrungen ca. 1750-1945, in: Folia Theologica (Budapest), Year 6, p. 197-214.

Der hier veröffentlichte Text wurde am 27. November 1987 an der Accademia Alfonsiana in Roma grösstenteils als Dissertationsverteidigung vorgelesen. Die These wurde inzwischen veröffentlicht. Tatsachen - Ursachen - Rekonstruktion - das sind die Untertiteln. Folgende sind die Behauptungen: Neueste historisch-demographische Erkenntnisse verfügen über eine moraltheologische Relevanz - Das abweichende Verhalten als Sozialnorm ist nicht akzeptabel - Die soziale Indikation ist dem individualethischen Horizont verhaftet. Um sie zu beseitigen, soll man sozialethisch argumentieren - Die Sexualkasuistik hängt geschichtlich von einer einmaligen Bevölkerungsweise ab - Familienetisches: Träger der Verantwortung für die Nachkommenszahl ist die ganze Gesellschaft - Gesellschaftsethisches: Das Leben ist ein fundamentaler Wert - Wirtschaftethisches: Offenheit für neue Produktionsweisen - Schöpfungstheologisches: Der Mensch als Mitschöpfer, aber nicht Schöpfer des eigenen Lebens - Pastoraltheologisches: Zeugen der Hoffnung zu sein

2024, Россия и АТР

Throughout its long history, China has been a demographic superpower with pro-natalist views. However, in the second half of the twentieth century, the PRC leadership drew attention to the correlation between economic growth and population size, and therefore began to implement a family planning policy, which, responding to the changed economic situation, began to be implemented in the form of a single-child policy. The PRC government, resorting to birth control measures, took into account the complexity of the national composition of the population, its uneven distribution over the territory of the country, so the corresponding course in population policy took into account this factor. The objective of this paper is to analyze the main changes in the demographic policy of the Chinese state with regard to non-Han nationalities from the establishment of the People's Republic of China to the abolition of the one-child policy.
In the 1950s and 1970s, non-Han Chinese were excluded from fertility planning. This changed in the mid-1980s, when the growth rate of the non-Han population began to outpace that of the Chinese population, resulting in the introduction of differentiated policies for different ethnic groups based on their size. The Chinese government played a major role in the implementation of the demographic policy in the regions, which adjusted the norms imposed by higher authorities according to their own realities. At the beginning of the 21st century, the demographic realities in the country changed markedly, population growth fell to below replacement level, so the government switched to a two-child policy, and from 2021 to a three-child policy, which effectively ended the preferential policy towards ethnic minorities. This overview shows the flexibility of the Chinese state in implementing a demographic policy that takes into account population development trends, the specific national composition and uneven distribution of the population across the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Китай на протяжении своей многовековой истории являлся демографической сверхдержавой, власти которой придерживались пронаталистских взглядов. Однако во второй половине ХХ в. руководство КНР обратило внимание на зависимость экономического роста и численности населения, в связи с чем стало проводить политику планирования семьи, которая, реагируя на изменившуюся экономическую конъюнктуру, стала осуществляться в форме курса на однодетность. Правительство КНР, прибегая к мерам по ограничению рождаемости, учитывала сложность национального состава населения, его неравномерное распределение по территории страны, поэтому соответствующий курс в политике народонаселения учитывал этот фактор. Задача данной работы состоит в анализе основных изменений демографической политики китайского государства в отношении неханьских национальностей с момента образования КНР и до отмены политики однодетности.
В 1950-е – 1970-е годы неханьцы исключались из курса планирования рождаемости. Изменения произошли с середины 1980-х гг., когда темпы увеличения численности неханьцев стали заметно опережать рост китайского населения, в результате чего была введена дифференцированная политика по отношению к разным этническим группам в зависимости от их размера. Большую роль в претворении демографического курса китайское правительство отводило регионам, которые в соответствии со своими реалиями корректировали нормы, вводимые вышестоящими инстанциями. В начале XXI в. демографические реалии в стране заметно изменились, рост населения упал до значений ниже простого воспроизводства, поэтому государство перешло к осуществлению политики двудетности, а с 2021 г. – трёхдетности, что фактически положило конец преференциальной политики по отношению к этническим меньшинствам. Приведённый обзор показывает гибкость китайского государства в осуществлении демографической политики, учитывающей тренды развития населения, специфический национальный состав и неравномерность размещения населения по территории КНР.

2024, Godišnjak za znanstvena istraživanja Zavoda za kulturu vojvođanskih Hrvata

The authors analyse attitudes and beliefs related to practices of family planning, pregnancy, customs related to midwives and newborns as well as christening, based on ethnographic material obtained through qualitative interviews with the residents of Starčevo and Opovo. They paid special attention to researching the transformation of traditional practices and customs, which were influenced by the modernization of health care, female education, industrialization and a stronger connection between suburban villages and cities. In this paper, we get to realize how traditional childbirth in one’s own home has been replaced by childbirth in hospitals (maternity hospitals) and what influenced the attitude of local communities towards the position of midwives.

2024, Karto-Teka Gdańska

Islamic War Index Abstract Between 1900 and 2015, Islam’s global population increased by a factor of nine, from 200 million to 1.8 billion people. Christianity, though still the largest religion worldwide, only quadrupled (560 million... more

2024

taining to the welfare of children and child life." 7 With the creation of the CB, women reformers, settlement house workers, and social scientists entered the "mostly male empire of policymaking." 8 The CB, created prior to women's enfranchisement but at the height of women's civic and political power, gave women reformers a powerful base from which to assert their vision. This vision centered around research into and support for poor, disabled, and disadvantaged children. With the passage of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act in 1921, the CB initiated, designed, and administered a nationally coordinated effort to tackle infant mortality and eventually maternal mortality. Both Ethel Dummer and Elizabeth Putnam involved themselves in the creation and early activities of the CB.

2024

a -soldes migratoires tendance linéaire, fluctuations conjoncturelles 19 b -les recensements de 1851-1866 utilisation et qualité 20 c -la fiabilité du nombre total de décès 20 d -le choix des tables-types de mortalité 20 CRITIQUE DE LA METHODE DE BONNEUIL 21 a -le classement par qualité des recensements 21 b -le lissage préalable des cohortes 21 c -lissage des cohortes et l'estimation des migrations 22 d -le lissage des quotients de mortalité 23 e -le rôle capital du lissage préalable 25 f -la ré-estimation des naissances 25

2024

The feminist movement in the United States like other countries has tried to establish equality for women. From the first attempts to gain constitutional right for vote, up to the current radical demands, feminists have struggled to make changes in the U.S. party politics and obtain their rights within the parties. One of the important issues in which women played a key role in party politics is the issue of abortion. In this article, U.S. party politics on abortion, the role of the feminist movement in the process of legalization and the controversies regarding it are studied. Through two major social movements known as "pro-choice" and "pro-life", feminists mainly follow their goals and attitudes on abortion. In political realm, Democrats, due to their liberal approaches, are commonly known to be pro-choice, while Republicans are known as pro-life supporters. Being pro-choice or pro-life for these two political parties has created debates and controversies which are examined in this article. U.S. feminists from the beginning have tried their best to elect women to send to the Congress and political parties; since they believe that if they want to get things done in U.S., they have to enter the parties and work for change inside them. Therefore, as indicated in this paper, U.S. party politics have been remarkably influenced by the feminist movements about abortion. This paper, arguing abortion from the lens of the two major US party institutions, focuses on the political and social domains and feminist movements' arguments.

2024

UMI, ProQuest ® Dissertations & Theses. The world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. Learn more... ProQuest, Diversity in action: Protesting abortion in Mississippi. by Husain, Jonelle Henry, MS, MISSISSIPPI... more

2024, CEU Review of Books

2024

The present study looks at the influence of Islamic family teachings and ethics on family policy and birth control in South India. By examining the transformation of religious ideas into social policies, the paper explores how traditional and modern values shape the attitudes and approaches of South Indian Muslim families towards family planning and social institutions.

2024, Woman

A study of the woman's body in the history of medicine

2024, Female Body

A medically based illustrated investigation into the exploration of the female body

2024, Female Body

This is the first part of a book consisting of three parts. It describes how the female body has been explored by physicians, psychologists, and biologists throughout history. In doing so it focuses on the research carried out by such figures as Hermann Knaus, Kyusaku Ogino, Erik Odeblad, John Billings, Josef Rötze., Keefe, and Pincus. The main results of their research are critically discussed and assessed with respect to their significance for the present-day clinical practice. In the second part of the book, the contraceptive methods developed or refined by these authors are presented in chronological order together with the most salient clinical parameters, namely safety, effectiveness, and mode of action.

2024, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

In less than one generation, a unique demographic transition has taken place in Iran. A population growth rate of 4.06% in 1984 fell to 1.15% in 1993 and a total fertility rate of 6.4 births per woman in 1984 declined to 1.9 in 2010. In 2012, Iranian policymakers shifted away from a birth control policy towards a pro-natalist policy. At first glance, this may seem reasonable since its goal is to avoid the consequences of an aging population. However, we argue that the policy package raises serious public health, socioeconomic, environmental and ethical concerns and is likely to fail on its own terms.

2024, Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal

2024

Our time spent in freshman composition will focus on the development of: the student's skills surrounding the rhetorical situation, audience, purpose, the theory of writing, critical and analytical reading and listening, of essential steps in the writing process, effective writing, synthesizing material from various sources, the ability to locate and evaluate relevant library and online research. By the end of the course, students should not only have built upon their proficiency in these areas but also be confident in utilizing this knowledge in the construction and completion of a writing portfolio and self assessment. First-Year Composition Mission Statement First-year composition courses at CCNY teach writing as a recursive and frequently collaborative process of invention, drafting, and revising. Writing is both personal and social, and students should learn how to write for different purposes and audiences. Since writing is a process of making meaning and communicating, FYC teachers respond mainly to the content of students' writing as well as to recurring surface errors. Students should expect frequent written and oral responses on the content of their writing from their teachers and peers. Classes rely

2024, Social Science Research Network

Non-technical summary 1 Introduction 2 A review of the literature 2.1 Monetary stabilisation in a currency union 2.2 Interaction between the single monetary policy and national fi scal policies 3 A simple model of monetary union... more

2024

An increase in population is escalating many issues, these days one of them is the rapid growth of industries which reached its peak level as a well alarming situation for a clean environment. Due to the increases in population, the process of transformation materialized from foliage as well as residential areas to industrial. Thus, hasty growth of urbanization directly affects the condition of existing resources which will raise many life-threatening environmental disquiets. This research is based upon the assessment of foliage land losses due to the industrial growing trend under the current environmental situation by using GIS and remote sensing-based approach for the population census years 1998 and 2017. Land transfiguration identified by the help of satellite-based classification and geospatial analysis approach. Results showed that in 2017 the built-up area of Sheikhupura has been increased up to 170.90 % and temporally 10.59 % foliage land engaged by industries in the light of exceeded built up scenarios. Furthermore, the population of the study area increases by 52.02 % with respect to the population of 1998. The research shows the main concern for environmental aspect by the help of inverse distance weight modeling (IDWM) approach for evaluation of yearly (1998 to 2017) rainfall spread in millimeters (mm) on real-time meteorological data, derived results showed the temporal rainfall spread on the study area, additionally it recorded up to 200 millimeters according to its annual average base. Due to rainfall which happened in the industrialized area, unswervingly cause for environmental pollution, while research also resolute the situation of the groundwater (drain, canal, and river) pattern as well spatial arrangement of industries shows the serious concern towards the environmental protection.

2024, French Historical Studies

The article analyzes debates on family planning, demography, and gender roles to explore the emergence of new notions of the reproductive subject in France between the 1950s and the 1970s. Drawing on papers of French and international family planning organizations, it argues that while the expansion of family planning ideology across France allowed for the discursive and practical construction of an autonomous reproductive subject, such a subject was framed by a hierarchization according to race, culture, and social class. Specifically, the analysis focuses on interventions in immigrant groups and on the French family planning movement's contribution to programs in Francophone Africa before and after decolonization. The article aims to contribute to an understanding of family planning as a transnational movement embedded in the globalization of demographic debate and the drive to normalize the nuclear family, and to an understanding of sexual change in Europe as shaped by global processes.

2024

After researching a myriad of topics and opinions about the shift of sex roles and the future of romantic relationships, it is clear that certain economic, technological, and political changes in the environment account for the degree of societal change like the sexual revolution in the 1960s causing a break in tradition. Conversely, it is also apparent that societal changes, such as generational influence from family, do not rely on outside factors to diverge from tradition and will continuously evolve. As the human race evolves technology, technology also evolves our perspectives of relationships. From the advent of the pill during the sexual revolution to the current dominance of dating apps, technology serves not only as a reflection of societal changes but also as a proactive force influencing how we approach romance and partnership.

2024, Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe

This article explores the history of family planning during the Brazilian military dictatorship by focusing on the activity of The Society of Family Welfare (Sociedade do Bem-Estar Familiar no Brasil, BEMFAM), founded in 1965 and affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation. BEMFAM's campaigns were met with criticism from various fronts. The Catholic Church condemned the use of contraception methods. The military, which had ruled the country since taking power in 1964, opposed BEMFAM's efforts to curtail population growth and its international partnerships. Leftist organizations attacked BEMFAM as well, denouncing its initiatives as a form of criminal Western imperialism. The denunciations ultimately led to a parliamentary inquiry into the activities of BEMFAM. Analyzing the dictatorship's intelligence reports, state records, and BEM-FAM's publications, the article elucidates how population control models, Cold War ideologies, and gendered politics shaped health and reproduction in military Brazil.

2024, Femmes et catholicisme en Europe (1960-1970)

Dans les années 1950, la cohérence de la morale sexuelle catholique s’est amoindrie en Angleterre, sous le coup notamment de nouvelles conceptions autour de la finalité de l’acte sexuel et du mariage. Une parole du magistère est attendue au moment du concile Vatican II afin d’éclairer la pratique des couples. Les réactions à la promulgation de la lettre encyclique Humane Vitae révèlent toute l’étendue des évolutions culturelles qui ont silencieusement transformé les conceptions des catholiques depuis l’après-guerre, bien au-delà de la seule question des mœurs sexuelles. Le présent papier donnent des éléments d'analyse à la crise qui secoue dès lors le catholicisme anglais.

2024, Blog do POIEMA / UFPEL Série História por Mulheres

Quem e como realizavam os partos nas sociedades pré-modernas? Há muitas fontes documentais e imagens que nos fornecem informações sobre a prática da obstetrícia pré-moderna. Um dos estilos de produção textual mais ricos para este intuito são os tratados ginecológicos e obstétricos. Este tipo de literatura foi produzida deste a antiguidade até o renascimento, escrita, transmitida, copiada e traduzida em várias sociedades e línguas, desde o grego, latim, árabe, línguas vernáculas até as edições e traduções para as línguas modernas.

2024, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Background: Abortions are of major public health concern in developing countries. In settings in which abortion is highly prohibited, the direct interview is not a reliable method to estimate the abortion rate. The indirect estimation methods to measure the rate of abortion might overcome this dilemma; They are practical methods to estimate the size of the hidden group who do not agree to participate in a direct interview. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the practicality of an indirect method for estimating the abortion rate , Known as Network Scale-up, and to provide an estimate about the episode of abortion with and without medical indications (AWMI+ and AWMI-) in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 31 provinces of Iran in 2012. A random sample between 200 and 1000 was selected in each province by the multistage sampling method that 75% of the data were collected from the capital and 25% from one main city. We selected samples from urban people more than 18 years old (12960) and we asked them about the number of abortion in women they knew who had experienced the medical and non-medical abortions in the past year. A range for the transparency factor was estimated based on the expert opinion. Results: The range of the transparency factors for AWMI+ and AWOMI-were 0.43-0.75 and 0.2-0.34, respectively. Regarding the AWMI+, our minimum and maximum estimations (per 1000 pregnancies) were 70.54 and 116.9, respectively. The corresponding figures for AWMIwere 93.18, and 148.7. Conclusions: The frequency rates for AWMI+ and AWMI-were relatively high. Therefore, the system has to address to this hidden problem using the appropriate preventive policies.

2024, History Compass

The historiography of the middle-class in colonial India is a long and checkered one. Although traditional scholarship focused on the economic origins of this class, in recent years, scholars have become interested in knowing how this class fashioned itself. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of the 'cultural capital', these scholars try to delve into the contradictory forces that mark the self-fashioning of the middle-class. In this paper, I will discuss these new trends in the historiography of the middle-class. I will chiefly focus on the historiography of taste and consumption in the context of colonial as well as post-colonial India. A focus on consumption and the middle-class, I argue, enables us to understand how the middle-class negotiates its self-fashioning through various social hierarchies.

2024, Brepols Publishers eBooks

2024, Isis

With the increasing attention to the concept of population in recent scholarship, Aya Homei’s Science for Governing Japan’s Population makes both responsive and unique contributions to the critical historiography of modern population governance. While her work engages in dialogue with landmark studies on population governance and knowledge networks—for example, Alison Bashford’s Global Population (Columbia, 2014) and Michelle Murphy’s The Economization of Life (Duke, 2017)—it revisits the history of Japan’s nation- and empire-building and postwar reconstruction projects through the heretofore understudied yet central aspect of modern governance—that is, population (jinkō).