History of Crusades Research Papers (original) (raw)

Byzantine Boundary Zone, 1174-1204

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- Crusades, Byzantine Studies, History of Crusades, Byzantine History

Introduction et traduction en français de l’Histoire des Mongols de Jean de Plancarpin, accompagnée d’une traduction de documents ayant trait au voyage dans l’empire mongol de Jean de Plancarpin (lettres et privilèges missionnaires rédigés par Innocent IV, Histoire des Tartares du frère C. de Bridia, compte-rendu de Benoît de Pologne, extraits de la chronique de Salimbene de Adam avec la réponse au pape du grand-khan Güyük).

- by Thomas Tanase
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- Anthropology, History of Christianity, Eurasian Nomads, Silk Road
- by Darius von Guttner
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- Crusades, History of Crusades, Medieval Poland

The article poses the thesis that the authors of the Gesta Francorum and the Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere in their vision of the First Crusade’s events used a conventional, i.e., pre-existing tradition of missionary practice, and adapted it to their narrative on the foundation of the bishopric of Albara (Al-Bara). The article shows that a two-stage model of conversion to Christianity of abrenuntiatio diaboli (the renouncement of Satan) and confessio fidei (the profession of faith) was presented on the pages of the First Crusaders’ accounts, and it was manifested in a particular case of Albara in a quite unique, mostly institutional shape; i.e. the Muslim inhabitants of a city were not even given a chance to convert to Christianity; the act of confessio fidei was done through the election of a bishop; the rejection of Satan occurred through the sacralization of temples and their transformation into places of Christian worship. In this perspective it could be observed that the foundation of Albara’s bishopric was seen by the Gesta Francorum and Peter Tudebode as the confrontation of the spheres of sacrum and profanum known from missionary practice in other regions than Syria and Palestine at a similar time (e.g., in Pomerania).

- by Tomasz Pełech
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- Medieval Studies, Crusades, Cultural Encounters, History of Crusades

Üç semavi dinin kutsal mekânı, Müslümanların ilk kıblesi Kudüs hakkında ne biliyoruz?
Uğrunda mücadeleler verilen ve asırlarca farklı hâkimiyetler altında kalan Kudüs tarih boyunca hep “Halilullah” şehri olarak saygı görmüştür. Mukaddes belde Kudüs, İslam Tarihi boyunca ama özellikle Osmanlı asırlarında bütün dinlerin bir arada yaşayabildiği bir barış adası olmuştur.
Bugün Filistin meselesi sürekli dünya gündeminde yüz yıldır çözüme kavuşturulamıyor. Bu kavganın sebebi bütün dinler nazarında mukaddes sayılan Kudüs’ün ve Mescid-i Aksâ’nın bu topraklar üzerinde yer almasıdır.
Elinizdeki kitap, dünyanın göz bebeği olan Kudüs’ün tarihine ve önemine ışık tutmak amacıyla kaleme alındı. Kudüs’ün tarih sahnesine çıktığı zamanlardan günümüze kadar olan serüveni ve semavi dinler için taşıdığı önemi bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla 100 soruda (başlıkta) anlatıldı. Tarihi süreklilik gözetilerek seçilen sorular cevaplanırken olay örgülerinin arka planı ve sonrasında ortaya çıkan durumlar akıcı bir dille aktarıldı. Eserde verilen soruların cevapları titiz bir çalışmanın ürünü olarak ortaya konuldu. Kitap, güvenilir kaynaklara ve arşiv belgelerine ve onlara dayalı yapılan akademik çalışmalara müracaat edilerek yazıldı.
Elinizdeki kitap, Kudüs okumaları yapacaklar için ilk başvuru kitabı; Kudüs'e seyahat edecekler için de bir tarihi rehber olarak hazırlandı.

- by Ali ihsan Aydın
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- German Studies, Ottoman History, Middle East Studies, British History
- by Luigi Russo
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- Medieval Studies, Crusades, History of Crusades, Norman Sicily
- by Mason Shefa
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- Visual propaganda, Crusades, Propaganda, History of Crusades

"In his recent book „The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean“ (Cambridge 2012), Ronnie Ellenblum argues that a series of climatic disasters in the 11th cent. led to the decline of polities in the Near East and prepared the ground for both the advance of the Seljuks and of the Crusaders into the region. Focused on the Byzantine case during the „Comnenian period“, this paper will critically review this hypothesis on the basis of both textual and natural scientific evidence and propose a more nuanced picture of the interplay between society, climate and environment in the Eastern Mediterranean from the 11th to the 13th century. As will become clear, neither the complexity of natural phenomena nor the complexity of medieval societies should be reduced to mere linear lines of causation.
This research was made possible with support of the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit-Foundation during a stay at the Institute for Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens.
The following pages provide a first short overview over some material to be presented and discussed in this lecture.
Contact: Johannes.Preiser-Kapeller@oeaw.ac.at
"

- by Cornel Bontea
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- History of Crusades
- by Nicholas Morton
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- Critical Theory, Crusades, History of Crusades, Crusades and the Latin East
- by Thomas W. Smith
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- Crusades, Papacy (Medieval Church History), Frederic II., History of Crusades
- by Richard Abels
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- Medieval History, Crusades, History of Crusades
- by Shirin A . Khanmohamadi
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- Comparative Religion, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Crusades
- by Pierre-Vincent CLAVERIE
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- History of Crusades

Northern Network for the Study of the Crusades February 2021 Seminar

- by Jason T . Roche
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- Crusades, Mongolian Studies, History of Mongolia, History of the Mongol Empire
- by Deky Hidnas Yan Nggadas
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- History of Crusades
- by Daniel M Unger
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- Art History, Crusades, History of Crusades
- by Thomas Lecaque and +1
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- Greek History, Late Antique and Byzantine History, Medieval Literature, Medieval History
- by Julien Théry
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- Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Crusades, Political Science
- by Richard Abels
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- Medieval History, Crusades, History of Crusades

A review of Asbridge's "The First Crusade: A New History"

A really great, palatable and exciting read.

- by Nicholas Pratt
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- Greek Literature, Latin Literature, Medieval History, Anglo-Saxon Studies
- by Shlomo Lotan
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- Crusades, History of Crusades, Crusades and the Latin East, Teutonic Knights

The establishment of feudal principalities in the Levant in the wake of the First Crusade (1095-1099) saw the beginning of a centuries-long process of conquest and colonization of lands in the eastern Mediterranean by French-speaking Europeans. This book examines different aspects of the life and literary culture associated with this French-speaking society. It is the first study of the crusades to bring questions of language and culture so intimately into conversation. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the crusader settlements in the Levant, this book emphasizes hybridity and innovation, the movement of words and people across boundaries, seas and continents, and the negotiation of identity in a world tied partly to Europe but thoroughly embedded in the Mediterranean and Levantine context.

- by Nicholas Paul and +1
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- Medieval History, Medieval French Literature, Medieval Studies, Crusades
- by László Veszprémy
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- History of Crusades, History of Venice, Zadar, Medieval Hungarian History

The Epistola ad Paschalem II papam is a diplomatic document written in the context of the expedition led by Bohemond of Antioch against the Byzantine Emperor Alexios Komnenos in 1107/1108. It is rightfully regarded as one of the most important testimonies to the increasing anti-Byzantine propaganda after the end of the First Crusade. This paper discusses the origins of the Epistola and suggests a revised date for its composition, then analyses the content of the letter and the reasons for which it was written.

- by martin hurbanic and +1
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- Byzantine Studies, History of Crusades, Byzantine History, Crusades and the Latin East

FROM: Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, XXVIII (2001)

Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade is an important account of the First Crusade. Although historians don’t believe that he actually went on the crusade, it is fairly certain that he was present at the Council of Clermont in November 1095. Beyond the accepted view that he was an eyewitness to the council where Pope Urban II declared the crusade, his other information comes mainly from The Gesta Francorum. Robert the Monk’s work was popular at the time, especially due to the fact that it was the only source for the Crusades translated into the vernacular in the Middle Ages, other than William of Tyre’s work. One of the earliest chronicles of the First Crusade, Robert the Monk’s book shaped many people’s perceptions of the Crusades in the Middle Ages. It created a theological framework of holy war, a wave of historiography and may have been used to get men to participate in other crusades.

- by Thomas Q Marabello
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- Medieval History, History of Crusades, First Crusade, Pope Urban II

This course examines the interconnected medieval worlds of Europe, Africa, and Eurasia from the death of Muhammad to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. Content extends from the emergence of Islam to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. After a survey of late antiquity, Unit One of the semester, “The Shattering of Mediterranean Unity?” (632-1031), concentrates on the rise of Islam and the development of three distinct civilizations in the Mediterranean Basin: the Latin West, Byzantium, and the Caliphates. Unit Two, “Recovery and Revival” (1031-1227), examines the struggle between church and state, crusading and holy violence, the rise of towns and states, and trends in late medieval religion. Particular attention is given to women, religious minorities, and other marginalized groups. Unit Three (1215-1453) explores the close of the Middle Ages as signaled by the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 1400s.

- by Jesse J Hysell
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- Crusades, Slavery, Antisemitism (Prejudice), Islamic Studies

The nine-hundredth anniversary of the First Crusade (1095-99) saw hundreds of evangelical Western Christians trace the route of the medieval expedition apologising to local communities for the violence of the crusades. The Reconciliation Walk embodied an active and direct engagement with the crusading past and an attempt to defuse its perceived toxic legacies. The criticisms of the walk by crusade historian Jonathan Riley-Smith went beyond factual disagreement and illustrate tensions at the interface of popular and academic perceptions of the past. This article revisits Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s analysis of the rhetorical structure of an historical apology and his application to the Reconciliation Walk to reveal the ways in which both the organisers of the walk and their critics constructed continuities and discontinuities between communities over time. Rather than agreeing with Trouillot that the walk constituted an “abortive ritual”, I suggest that the performance and reception of the apology demonstrate the affective power of perceptions of the past, and reinforce the need for historians to take these – often factually inaccurate – collective memories seriously in considering the presentist significance of the past.

- by Mike Horswell
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- Crusades, Historiography, Medievalism, Memory Studies

Karin Schneider-Ferber describes in her book "Knights in Exile" (Darmstadt 2016) the extensive political changes in the Mediterranean since the 12th century till to the presence. In the focus: the Knights Hospitallers in their difficult balance between military fighters against the "muslims" and brotherhood of the sick. Their way back from the Holy Land, first to Cyprus, then to Rhodos and finally to Malta is a dramatic story of the Christian presence in the Mediterranean. These "knights" show today that the most important work is the caritative engagement.

- by Reinhard Kirste
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- Mediterranean, Ottoman Empire, History of Crusades, History of the Mediterranean
- by Christoph T Maier
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- Crusades, History of Crusades

En juin 1366, Amédée VI de Savoie, dit le Comte Vert, s'embarque à Venise pour porter secours à l'Empire byzantin, de plus en plus menacé par les Ottomans. Placée sous le patronage du pape Urbain V cette croisade sera surtout le fait du comte de Savoie, entouré des principaux nobles de ses Etats. Durant une année, les croisés vont remporter de grands succès, effectuant notamment la reconquête de la ville de Gallipoli dans le détroit des Dardanelles et affrontant pertes humaines, épidémies et difficultés financières. Cet épisode de l'histoire militaire de la Maison de Savoie connu grâce à un document administratif exceptionnel, le compte de la croisade, tenu par un certain Antoine Barbier. Toutes les recettes et toutes les dépenses sont enregistrées sur un rouleau de parchemin d'environ 7o mètres, ce qui permet de suivre les périples de l'armée croisée, jour après jour, de Venise aux rivages de la mer Noire. Du financement de l'expédition à la composition et à l'organisation de l'armée et de sa force navale, en passant par les manœuvres diplomatiques, ce travail analyse en profondeur un sujet qui n'a pour l'instant été abordé que sous son aspect événementiel.
Complétée par d'autres documents administratifs et narratifs publiés en annexe, cette recherche est ainsi une contribution à l'histoire des croisades et à la persistance de cet idéal dans l'imaginaire aristocratique du Moyen Age tardif.

- by Florian Chamorel
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- Medieval History, Maritime History, War Studies, History of Crusades
- by Nicolò Budini Gattai
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- Medieval History, Byzantine Studies, History of Crusades, Balcan studies
- by Richard Abels
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- Medieval History, Crusades, History of Crusades
- by Cornel Bontea
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- History of Crusades, Later Crusades