History of Imperialism Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Nuova Antologia

Eugenio Peggio, economista, dirigente e parlamentare comunista; figura autorevole che ha contribuito all’evoluzione della politica economica ed europeistica del PCI a partire dagli anni Sessanta. Una importante officina del nuovo approccio verso il mondo produttivo e verso il governo della cosa pubblica è stato il CESPE, fondato con Amendola nel 1966, di cui Peggio è stato Segretario per 12 anni e da cui ha dato impulso al dibattito sull’economia nelle sedi scientifiche e nel confronto pubblico
Iniziò il suo percorso politico da funzionario di partito, poi redattore capo di una rivista economica, quindi responsabile della Sezione economica del PCI; in seguito, guidò il CESPE, fu deputato per 15 anni in quattro legislature, per almeno un ventennio figura chiave della politica economica del PCI, uomo di punta dei rapporti tra il partito e il mondo dell’economia, manager pubblico, alla presidenza della Triennale di Milano e infine della SIPRA.
Se l’economia e l’Europa furono gli elementi costanti dell'attività di Peggio, non meno rilevante fu l’attività internazionale: documenti inediti rivelano i suoi viaggi negli USA del 1974-75, primo dirigente comunista occidentale a recarsi negli Stati Uniti (fuori dalle delegazioni istituzionali) per incontrare esponenti del mondo economico, intellettuale e scientifico.
Attento al contesto europeo, offrì la sua lettura premonitrice delle potenzialità dirompenti dell’accelerazione del processo di integrazione europea impressa nel 1987 e sostenne l’approdo a una moneta unica e a una banca centrale.

2025, Journal of Social Sciences

This article proposes to compare the Indian and Chinese indentured labour systems introduced into colonial South Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1860 and 1911 the Colony of Natal imported 152 184 Indians to work primarily on the sugar plantations, and between 1904 and 1910 the Transvaal Colony reverted to the importation of 63 695 Chinese to work exclusively on the gold mines. While both the Indian and Chinese labour schemes have received considerable academic attention in their own right, relatively little work has been done in terms of a comparative dimension. This may partly be ascribed to the inherent differences between the two schemes, despite the fact that the British authorities orchestrated both. It will be shown that to a large extent the experiences of the Indian labour system informed and determined the nature of the Chinese scheme. It will however be argued that the impact of the one upon the other went far beyond the legal parameters of the indenture contracts and regulations, having ramifications which swept across the broader societal domain and which impacted on the very different place and perception of these two minorities in subsequent South African history.

2025, Центральная Азия в эпоху средневековья и нового времени: общество, культура, тексты/New Explorations into the medieval and modern history of Central Asia. Festschrift for Professor Dilorom Alimova.

A review article on recent historiographical controversies surrounding the 'Jadids', or Muslim reformers in colonial Turkestan.

2025, Antipode

This article examines the tensions between external ascriptions of dependence and internal narratives of autonomy and interdependence in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). The RMI suffers from and endures the legacy of violent colonialism and ongoing reliance on foreign aid, structural factors that inform external ascriptions of dependence. Yet, Marshall Islanders assert their autonomy by engaging in culturally meaningful practices in their everyday life, while government officials frame their diplomatic and geopolitical relations through the prism of relational interdependence. Juxtaposing ethnographic material with historical analysis, the article adopts a relational rather than structural approach to the study of dependency, arguing that it is a claim open to political negotiation and not a label or a possessive quality. Focusing on the interplay between local practices and global political dynamics, this multiscalar analysis provides a nuanced perspective on contemporary geopolitical dynamics and the complexities of postcolonial statehood.

2025, Rooted Cosmopolitanism, Heritage and the Question of Belonging - Archaeological and Anthropological perspectives

2025, Review of Radical Political Economics

As Israel is engaged in one of the bloodiest chapters of its history, this article delves into the economic and political discursive structures of the Zionist project. Critically using settlercolonial theory and V.I. Lenin's analysis of European imperialism, I argue that imperialism and empire-building were not forces external to Zionism but internal to its ideological and economic practices. By analyzing the way capital was transferred to pre-1948 Palestine, building it into a "pure colony" and a future metropole, and studying two discursive moments-the writings of the right-wing Zionist leader Ze'ev Jabotinsky and Israel's founding father David Ben-Gurion-I show how small empire building was part of Zionist/Israeli thought and practice.

2025, European journal of American studies

2025, Jókai lengyelei-adalékok az író életművéhez születésének kétszázadik évfordulója alkalmából

Jókai Mór számos művében megjelenik egy olyan elem, amely a közbeszédnek szinte egyáltalán nem és tudományos diskurzusnak is csak alig volt a tárgya: a lengyelek, a lengyel mentalitás, a lengyel tájak ábrázolása. Ezt a témakört mutatom be... more

2025, Cold War History

This article examines the place of Equatorial Guinea in US-Spanish relations during the final years of the Franco dictatorship and the transition to democracy that followed. It analyses the relationship between US policies toward both countries, explores the degree to which fears of communism and other concerns overlapped and affected one another, and shows how US diplomats internalised Spanish perceptions of Spain's former colony, thereby influencing US policy toward West Central Africa. The article also helps to decentre the history of the Spanish transition to democracy and the role of the United States therein.

2025, Diplomatica

A group of young scholars revisit the aims, nature, and purpose of New Diplomatic History.

2025

A symposium on Inés Valdez's Democracy and Empire with an introduction by Alasia Nuti and commentaries by Kieran Dunn, Emily Katzenstein, and Regina Kreide; and a response by the author.

2025, Popular Music

Since around 2005, an increasing number of songs have emerged in the Republic of Cyprus that use elements from the Greek Cypriot cultural heritage, like lyrics in Cypriot Greek, folk music features and other references to ‘tradition’. These songs belong to contemporary genres, including rock, metal, fusion and hip hop, genres that already existed in the country but became ‘localised’ in a different manner, owing to the socio-political context.
This article presents the first attempt to situate the popular musicscape of the Republic of Cyprus within debates pertaining to global musical flows, describing this context and arguing that the turn to elements from the Greek Cypriot cultural heritage is a recent phenomenon. We argue that this process signifies a new era of music-making in the Republic of Cyprus that can be theorised as‘cosmopolitan localism’.

2025

Los imperios y los Estados nacionales tienden a ser entendidos como dos tipos distintos de organización política. Los imperios se asocian primordialmente con el mundo pre-moderno, en tanto que los Estados nacionales han sido vistos como formas políticas paradigmáticas de lo moderno. Mientras al proceso colonial se le asocia con los imperios, es más usualmente practicado por los Estados nacionales modernos cuando establecen imperios en el exterior. Estos imperios están caracterizados por una forma particular de economía política-la economía política colonial-que determina la especificidad de su forma política como distinta a la de imperios anteriores. En este artículo examino el imperio mogol del periodo premoderno en relación al subsecuente establecimiento del dominio colonial británico en India y discuto las particularidades de cada uno de ellos en términos de los modos de economía política-moral y colonialque fueron características de su administración. En particular, abordo el uso de los preceptos del liberalismo clásico por los británicos, como queda demostrado en la respuesta de los administradores coloniales a incidencias de escasez y hambruna, y contrasto esto con los modos de gobernanza del imperio mogol previo. Sugiero que las diferencias entre ellos demuestran que el dominio colonial británico fue un imperio estructuralmente distinto, moderno/
Empires and nation states tend to be understood as two distinct types of political organization. The former are primarily associated with the premodern world, while the latter have come to be seen as political forms paradigmatic of the modern. While colonialism is a process associated with empires, it is more usually practised by modern nation states in their establishment of overseas empires. These empires are marked by a particular form of political economy —a colonial political economy— which determines the specificity of their political form as distinct from earlier empires. In this article, I examine the Mughal Empire of the premodern period in relation to the subsequent establishment of British colonial rule in India, and discuss the particularities of each in terms of the modes of political economy —moral and colonial— which were characteristic of their administration. In particular, I address the mobilization of the precepts of classical liberalism by the British, as demonstrated in the response of colonial administrators to incidences of dearth and famine, and contrast this with the modes of governance of the preceding Mughal Empire.The differences between them, I suggest, demonstrate that British colonial rule was a structurally distinct, modern type of empire.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21491.23842

2025, Edu-World XII

The British Raj in India was maintained through the colonial armies and the bureaucracy. While the British Indian Army was in charge of controlling the colony through the military force, the bureaucracy was functioning as a vital element to sustain the administration system of India. Indian civil officers were having dual identities due to their special condition within the colonial context. As civil officers working for the colonial government, majority of them were internally closer to the British Raj, hence they were mentally isolated from the people of their race in his community. Simultaneously, they cognized the existence of the discrimination based on the colonial hierarchy. This article aims to trace the scenes that conflict of their identities generated within the colonial hegemony of the society they belonged to.

2025

1 Sappiamo come Jonathan Swift rispondeva nel 1729 al quesito: «come è possibile allevare questa moltitudine di bambini [poveri], e provvedere loro?». Un americano, mia conoscenza di Londra, uomo molto istruito, mi ha assicurato che un infante sano e ben allattato all'età di un anno è il cibo più delizioso, sano e nutriente che si possa trovare, sia in umido, sia arrosto, al forno, o lessato; ed io non dubito che possa fare lo stesso ottimo servizio in fricassea o al ragù. A questa candida certezza culinaria nella Modesta proposta per impedire che i bambini irlandesi siano a carico dei loro genitori o del loro paese e per renderli utili alla comunità 1 -questo per esteso il titolo dell'operetta in * Viene riprodotto il testo della relazione, così come è stato letto durante il convegno. Dati i limiti di spazio posti dall'editore, sono state aggiunte sole delle note con le indicazioni delle opere utilizzate, senza alcuna pretesa di compiutezza. Il rinvio alla letteratura secondaria risponde, infatti, principalmente all'esigenza di pagare il mio debito di riconoscenza agli autori di quegli studi che mi hanno permesso di capire meglio i testi sei-settecenteschi presi in esame, suggerendomi prospettive di lettura oppure consentendomi di chiarire ipotesi interpretative tramite un utile confronto critico; d'altra parte, le indicazioni fornite possono essere utili a chi legge per una più agevole collocazione di questo scritto nell'orizzonte storiografico. Poiché mi è parso opportuno precisare, pur nel limitato spazio concesso, talune considerazioni del testo (su altre è stato giocoforza sorvolare), oltre alle note è stata aggiunta un'appendice (la lettera dell'alfabeto, a mo' di contrassegno, consente di ricondurre questo ulteriore svolgimento al luogo appropriato della relazione). Il § 3, dedicato a Smith, utilizza risultati parziali di una ricerca in corso sul pensiero economico e sociale nel sec. XVIII, avviata con una borsa del Dipartimento dell'istruzione e della cultura del Canton Ticino, cui va la mia gratitudine.

2025, Revisiting the Byzantine Commonwealth

This essay argues for the value of approaching the medieval Holy Roman Empire as a genuine empire, and supports this argument by drawing both parallels and contrasts with the eastern Roman empire of Byzantium.

2025

revolutions are system failures, they don't erupt out of nowhere not born from chaos, but from coherence breaking down and stems from a frustration of a class. They're signals that the system still functionsbut not for everyone They arise when a system continues to functionjust not for everyone. A revolution is the scream of a class left behind, excluded, or exploited by structures that benefit others. The system worksbut selectively. It distributes wealth, opportunity, power, and justice in ways that feel rigged or inaccessible to a growing segment of the population.

2025, Teresian Journal of Englsih Studies

One is bound to note the influence of Indian philosophy on Yeats's work while analyzing his formative years and major influences that shaped his poetic career. Incidentally, Tagore's works too were enriched by continual engagement with the Western ideas and traditions. Both these international poets exemplify the ways in which the British Empire facilitated the growth of cosmopolitanism as a result of interactions among different cultures. However, while Tagore pens a novel Gora with a hero of Irish linkage and gives vent to his sadness at the brutality of the Boer War by composing poems on it in 1899, Yeats intriguingly remains silent on the issues pertaining to the Indian Independence movement. This paper thus aims at exploring this contrast at a deeper level, for both these Nobel laureates, who were actively involved and later disillusioned about their countries' national movements and espoused repeatedly the need for a tolerant, pluralistic, secular, and modern nation, had repeatedly interacted with each other over a period of time and had influenced each other's thought and works. For the juxtaposition of the absorbing silence of Yeats on the Indian National Movement and the act of selecting a protagonist of Irish linkage for his novel by Tagore might shed new light on our understanding of the ways in which the Empire shaped our understanding of cosmopolitan culturalism.

2025, Zwischen Wirklichkeits- und Möglichkeitssinn. Robert Musil literatursoziologisch, hg. v. Christian Steuerwald, Christine Magerski. Wiesbaden: Springer, 145-175

2025

Colonialism is both a practice and a worldview. As a practice, it involves the domination of a society by settlers from a different society. As a worldview, colonialism is a truly global geopolitical, economic, and cultural doctrine that is rooted in the worldwide expansion of West European capitalism that survived until well after the collapse of most colonial empires. Historically, colonies in the strict sense of "settlements" had existed long before the advent of global capitalism; the English word colony is derived from the ancient Latin term colonia, denoting an outpost or settlement. However, colonialism as a principle of imperial statecraft and an effective strategy of capitalist expansion that involved sustained appropriation of the resources of other societies, indeed regions, of the world for the benefit of the colonizing society, backed by an elaborate ideological justificatory apparatus, is a modern, West European invention par excellence, emerging from the 15th century onward. Colonialism involved a combination of several processes, recurring with remarkable consistency across various instances. Some of these were as follows: Encounter and repeated/sustained contact between the Western "discoverers" and the rest of the world, typically involving invasion, conquest, strategic genocide, the relegation of local rulers to subservient roles, and, eventually, some form of settlement by West Europeans. The surveying and scientific analysis of the geography, resources, peoples, and customs of the colonies, with the explicit intent of facilitating resource extraction and/or unequal exchange through forced trading. The imposition of extractive enterprises, such as plantations, mining, and other forms of raw-materialyielding activities, and the deployment of nonfree "native" labor in such enterprises. The systematic destruction of indigenous industries to transform the colonies into captive markets for European goods. Triangular trade (the hawking of European commodities to Africa, enslaved people to the Americas/the Caribbean, and plantation products to Europe). The establishment of modernizationist projects, such as the construction of elaborate transportation and information infrastructures, the introduction of private property in land, specific forms of taxation, and colonial law with the purpose of enabling the extractive and disciplinary apparatus of the colonial administration. The forced transfer and circulation of enslaved or indentured labor between colonies, or between regions within the same colony, disrupting culturally articulated modes of interaction between nature and people, and creating buffer populations between the colonizers and the locals. Creation of collaborationist/comprador colonial elites, mass educational systems, and public cultures that systematically facilitated the explicit alignment of ideas such as knowledge and progress with Western civilization, thereby producing the illusion of European superiority and the normalization of colonial relations. Continuous and systematic framing of colonized populations as the backward, inferior, dehumanized "other" of the enlightened European/White "self," and the use of the discourse of scientific racism to this end. In later phases of colonialism, warfare using colonial populations from one colony in armed incursions against other (potential) colonies. Prevention of the access of colonial subject populations to Europe.

2025, Independent India

In his editorial, Roy examined the creation and importance of the National Democratic Union within the context of India's political landscape during World War II. Formed in late 1940 by prominent Indian public figures, the Union aimed to represent a broader spectrum of political opinion beyond the Indian National Congress. Its primary goal was to unite the Indian people in the fight against Fascism. The Congress party criticized the Union for challenging its claim to be the sole representative of Indian interests and rejected cooperation with other political groups-an attitude that, according to Roy, contributed to the emergence of alternative political formations like the Union. Roy argued that Congress's assertion of exclusive representation was unrealistic and that its refusal to pursue a united front weakened its political stance. He advocated for support of the National Democratic Union, viewing it as a platform aligned with progressive and anti-Fascist principles in a global context.

2025, HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local

HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local e-ISSN: 2145-132X de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia invita a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional a participar en la edición 43 (septiembre-diciembre de 2026) con artículos... more

2025, The Creative Launcher ISSN: 2455-6580

In an era when old empires resurface under new guises, neo-imperialism shapes global geopolitics through overt aggression, economic control, and cultural erasure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Western debates over strategic territories like Greenland, and Canada's resource disputes with Indigenous communities reveal that imperial ambitions still exist, cloaked in modern rhetoric. Operating through economic dependency, digital dominance, and ecological exploitation, today's empires marginalize subaltern voices while perpetuating systemic inequities. Against this scenario, contemporary Indian novels emerge as potent forms of resistance. Authors like Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga reveal the human cost of global capitalism using stories of migration, urban relocation, caste persecution, and neoliberal disillusionment. Roy's poetic activism and Adiga's keen sarcasm formulate a counter-narrative that questions the ideological foundations of neo-imperialism. Their literature questions the global system while also envisioning multiple, equitable futures. In their hands, the narrative transforms into a courageous indirect political act.

2025, University of Texas at Austin

Globalization as a modern concept emerged in the 1700s with the East India Company and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Over the centuries, globalization has evolved tremendously, characterized by interconnected economic, political, and social changes. These transformations were driven by industrialization’s demand for resources and markets, giving way to the spread of ideas, practices, and cultures around the world. While globalization fostered innovation and cultural exchange, it also led to conflicts and imperial exploitation. The consequences of this era influence our modern world in the form of policies and beliefs.

2025, Charles Quint. Un rêve impérial pour l'Europe

Né aux Pays-Bas, héritier de la couronne d'Espagne puis du Saint Empire romain germanique, souverain d’un immense empire « où le soleil ne se couchait jamais », se rêvant garant d’un Empire universel chrétien, Charles Quint (1500-1558) apparaît comme porteur d’une puissance prodigieuse qu’il conjugue à des aspirations tout aussi démesurées.
Son règne témoigne d’un important projet d’unification rationnelle des territoires dans un contexte de grandes tension politiques et religieuses et de conflits militaires. Sa lutte homérique contre François Ier pour l’hégémonie européenne lui fait porter son regard également vers les terres italiennes, qui constituent un enjeu de premier plan pour des raisons aussi bien stratégiques et politiques que symboliques. Une entreprise monumentale, pourtant jamais pleinement réalisée car sans cesse entravée par les rivalités de pouvoir et par les conflits religieux qui minent l’unité du monde chrétien. Charles Quint, constamment contraint de reporter ses plus hautes ambitions, les emporte avec lui dans sa dernière demeure, au monastère de Yuste, marquant une dernière fois l’Histoire en abdiquant de sa propre volonté.
Cette étude, fruit de plusieurs années de recherches redonne sa juste place au « phénomène européen » qu’incarne ce dernier César.

2025

Эффективное управление отдаленной и огромной Якутской областью в первой половине XIX в. зависело не только от правильно подобранного чиновника на должность областного начальника, но и от его окружения. Важное значение имели взаимоотношения начальника Якутской области с его ближайшими помощниками-советниками и чиновниками по особым поручениям. Статья посвящена характеристике и анализу этих отношений.

2025, Rubbettino

Dopo la tormentata transizione degli anni Settanta il nuovo decennio si apriva all'insegna di rinnovate speranze e di forti timori. L'affermazione di nuovi valori, il ruolo crescente dei mass media, il fenomeno dei ceti emergenti e lo spostamento degli equilibri politici erano i segnali di una progressiva trasformazione della società italiana sempre più investita dal processo di globalizzazione. Sul piano internazionale, le rinnovate tensioni tra Est e Ovest, l'avvento dell'amministrazione Reagan intenzionata a ripristinare la leadership politica ed economica di Washington, i segnali di incipiente debolezza del colosso sovietico, il tentativo di rilancio del processo di integrazione europea e le turbolenze della regione mediterranea costituirono lo sfondo sul quale si misurò l'Italia di quegli anni. È in questo contesto che i governi guidati da Bettino Craxi (agosto 1983 -aprile 1987) si trovarono a fronteggiare un'epoca di sfide e al tempo stesso di opportunità per proiettare il paese verso una nuova fase di modernizzazione. Il volume, nell'affrontare alcuni temi talvolta trascurati dalla storiografia, tenta di elaborare un bilancio sull'esperienza governativa del leader socialista stretta tra l'ambizione di accompagnare il paese verso una fase di crescita e i limiti imposti dalla situazione interna e dal quadro internazionale.

2025

We certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Education in Educational Foundations. THESIS CXMMITI'EE e~-d~j Cha1nnan ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY CHAPTER II . A REVIEW OF RELATED LITEFATURE CHAPTER III. DESIGN OF THE STUDY CHAPTER IV. PRESENTATION OF DATA CHAPTER V.

2025, Theoria

In this article, we analyse the theoretical elements that form the foundation of James Harrington's political theory, demonstrating that they are primarily constructed in relation to Machiavelli's legacy. We intend to show that Harrington's relationship with Machiavelli's republicanism is paradoxical through: (1) the analysis of Harrington's selective use of certain classical sources in relation to Machiavelli; (2) the evolution of Harrington's thought; 3) the relationship between the Roman model and the Spartan model. In his republican model Harrington tries to respond to two self-imposed requirements that, we believe, conflict with each other: that of developing a sincerely republican system while keeping his distance from Machiavelli's more radical and pro-popular positions. Our thesis is that Harrington elaborates his political theory from these conflicting goals and that this sometimes-contradictory need creates tensions that make his republicanism paradoxical.

2025

thinkers from three diverse disciplines brought together in their willingness to debate the positionality of science in postcolonial India. All of them were institution builders and they applied their ideas on the subject in their respective educational ideologies. The three thinkers probed certain overlapping ideas-the ceaseless dialectic between cosmopolitanism and nationalism, a keen blending of the spiritual and the modern, the swiftness of the protest against dogma and colonization and a keen sensitivity and appreciation of the literary. In their respective ways, they were equally institution builders putting their respective ideas into practice, offering alternatives and synthesizing modernity and tradition within a straitjacketed education system. My paper will seek to keep these issues in context and explore a key dimension to the overlap of their ideas-an acute anxiety about the praxis of modern science and the modus operandi of its applicability in postcolonial India. In their respective ways, each recognized science as a way of revitalizing a moribund Indian society and were keenly aware of the enormous pitfalls that a blind submission to a cult of science could entail especially in the context of the world war. All three visionary thinkers were not only constructing their own possible utopias within the face of hostile historical realities, but also putting them into praxis.

2025

This chapter examines the trajectories of human remains from colonial Indonesia into anatomical collections in the Netherlands. Only when we actively search the archives do we learn the stories of a man from Sintang in Borneo, sentenced... more

2025

It was the norm, until 1965, for Dutch Protestant missionaries stationed abroad to send their children for secondary education to the Netherlands. This article analyses how these children were affected by this early separation from their parents. Using relevant historical, comparative and theoretical research, it reviews the practice, including its rationale, the nature of the residential spaces and resistance over time. In-depth interviews with mission children and others in the twentieth century, as well as the author's reflections as a mission child, were evaluated using quantitative, qualitative and self-reflexive methods. They show that many mission children were traumatized by this early separation from their parents, suffering from short and long-term emotional stress and depression, feeling insecure, alienated and unwanted, with difficulties in personal relationships. Some gave up their faith. Intercultural interactions were relatively easy. The paper argues that, while mission work is important, it is Biblically unacceptable when it damages children.

2025, Defenders and Enemies of the True Cross ﺻﻠﯿﺐ‬ ‫دﺷﻤﻨﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺪاﻓﻌﺎن‬ ‫راﺳﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‬

The Sasanian Persian–East Roman/Byzantine war of 603-628 was not only the final war of these two late antique imperial rivals, but also the last great war of antiquity. The protracted, bitter conflict which expanded on multiple fronts paved the way for the series of momentous political, social and religious transmutations which irreversibly transformed the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East by the end of the seventh century. Aside from the political and military dimensions of the conflict and its consequences, the war’s religious and cultural aspects have lately also been the subject of continuous reassessment. These ongoing reappraisals have opened new avenues for the investigation of the religious dimension of the war which was transformed and enhanced by the Sasanian Persian conquest of Jerusalem and Palestine in 614.
The study of this inter-imperial conflict, which occupies a defining place in the crucial era of transition from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages, is of major significance for the reconstruction of contemporaneous practices and modes of war-making as well as the political-ideological and religio-political values and mores of late Sasanian Persia and the Christianized East Roman empire. Religious beliefs and practices as well as self-conscious exploitation of religious discourses and messages during the war profoundly impacted and transformed late antique to early medieval military cultures and sub-cultures, generating influential historiographic, literary and apocalyptic narrative forms and themes which enjoyed an enduring after-life in the medieval and early modern Middle Eastern and European cultural and religious memory. The generation and proliferation of polemical and apocalyptic Persian-centred notions and imagery during the war had a long-term effect on European perceptions of late Sasanian Persia.

2025

Book review. Reifying Trananationalsm: Tagore and the West

2025

This groundbreaking study takes one of London’s most iconic buildings and deconstructs it to offer new insights into the society that produced it. As part of the new cultural quarter built in South Kensington on the proceeds from The... more

2025, Sánchez Moreno, Eduardo y García Riaza, Enrique (eds.), The Materiality of Diplomacy in the Hellenistic-Roman Mediterranean: Gifts, Bribes, Offerings,

This work proposes a comparative study of diplomatic gifts in Western Roman expansion and the first stage of Arauco War (1536-1598). The failed Spanish conquest of the Central-South Chile provides the chance to reflect on key complex colonial phenomena (endemic violence, cultural hybridism, and institutionalization of middle ground territories) in two directions: discursive and ethnohistorical. Firstly, the gift is analyzed in the proper construction of the colonial narrative, otherization of the enemy, and digressions about the legitimacy of the war, using classical rhetoric tropes (the sly conqueror, the deceived noble savage, or the bloodthirsty barbarian). Secondly, some anthropological and historical interpretations are considered in connection with analogous social and cultural processes derived from the entrenchment of the war: the control of ritual language and progressive mutual adaption, with the standardization of manners and objects (chaquiras necklace as model example), the role of the gift in the forging of coalitions and ethnogenesis processes, as well as the typological transformation according to social and military changes (from luxury items to horses and weapons).

2025

L'imperialismo, nel suo aspetto generale di conquista e dominazione di organismi politici ed economici, da parte di un centro statale superiore, non è fatto esclusivo del capitalismo. A prescindere dal loro contenuto sociale, esistono numerosi tipi dello stesso fenomeno storico: un imperialismo asiatico, un imperialismo greco-romano, un imperialismo feudale e finalmente un imperialismo capitalista. Agli operai rivoluzionari interessa, soprattutto, la differenza sostanziale che distingue l'imperialismo capitalista dal suo contrapposto storico, e cioè l'imperialismo feudale.

2025, Society

Review of Paul Sagar's, 'Adam Smith Reconsidered'

2025

Slides for Atlantic History - Lecture Three - "Columbian Exchange, Ecological Imperialism, and Indigenous Resistance"

2025

SUMMARY: The Battle of Megiddo, ca. 1458 BC, represents a pivotal point in Egypt's approach to controlling the Levant and administering its Levantine empire. This documentary response sheet contains sequential questions and time markers extracted from the 43-minute length documentary (episode 1 in the Ancient Egyptians mini-series); the form has some side notes in various places to supplement or augment the information provided in the documentary (which is mainly a reenactment of the setting and events prior to, during, and after the Battle of Megiddo). The end reflection question asks students/viewers to examine the attached translations from which Egyptologists reconstruct the Battle of Megiddo (including the Annals of Thutmose III (in Karnak Temple), a dedicatory inscription in Karnak Temple, which offers some supplemental information, and the Armant Stela and the Barkal Stela, both of which furnish additional data about this key battle) and to use critical thinking to assess where the documentary reconstruction deviates from what the ancient sources tell us, whether via nuances or greater discrepancies. Class members also have access to textbook and lecture materials on this battle and broader materials to aid in the reflection question exercise.

2025, BMGN: Low Countries Historical Review

Where has sustainability come from and how could it become such a popular idea? This special issue analyses the intersection between twentieth-century attempts to attune environmental, social and economic concerns in the Low Countries and the rise of ‘sustainable development’ from the 1980s onwards. The introduction to this issue first relates the articles to the international historiography on sustainability and elaborates their shared approach. Second, the varieties of sustainability practiced in Belgium, the Netherlands and Congo – as analysed in the contributions on forestry, breweries, pisciculture, water management, agriculture, and the alternative food movement – are presented. Based on their results, the period from the 1940s until the 1990s can be characterised as an ‘age of interdependence’ during which a distinct notion of sustainability emerged. Sustainability was interpreted in the light of global interconnections. Transnational governing coalitions, aided by experts and the ideal of planning, were established to achieve a balance between environmental, social and economic interests. The environment became an important object of post-war public debate and policy because of its connections to society and the economy. Building on these histories of sustainability, the introduction finally explores how historians enhance our understanding of the Anthropocene.