Horticulture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a composição de rizomas do lírio-do-bejo (Hedychium coronarium) e isolar e caracterizar seu amido, por meio de análises físicas e físico-químicas. A composição química dos grânulos de amido isolados dos rizomas também foi determinada, bem como o formato, tamanho, distribuição de tamanho de partícula por difração a laser, viscosidade de pasta em analisador rápido de viscosidade, poder de inchamento, índice de solubilidade em água, propriedade térmica por calorimetria diferencial de varredura e cristalinidade por difração de raios X. Observou-se que os rizomas apresentaram elevado teor de água e baixos teores de matéria graxa, carboidratos, cinzas, proteínas e fibras. Os rizomas de lírio-do-brejo apresentam-se inadequados para produção de amido, devido ao baixo teor de matéria seca (17,3%), com 21,97% de amido, bem como fibras longas e látex, que dificultam a extração do amido. O amido extraído apresentou pureza de 99,2%, com 37,2% de ami...

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- Mathematics, Physics, Thermodynamics, Chemistry

FAMILIA FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)

- by Luca Arghir
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- Horticulture

A fruit marketing agency may have the activities and its operations related to fruit procurement, packing, storage, transportation, processing and marketing of fresh fruits as well as the fruit products. Efficient marketing strategy especially for horticulture produce depends mainly on the decision on where, when, how much to market. In the process of marketing a product has to pass through a number of marketing agencies and make use of the services of several functionaries. The fruits and vegetables pass through different channels on their way to the ultimate consumers and the share of consumer's money received by the producer depends upon the channel followed. The present research paper focuses on the different distribution channels adopted by the apple growers in Himachal Pradesh.

- by Dr. kiran Chanda
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- Horticulture

The Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito L) belongs to the Sapotaceae family. This family includes trees or shrubs widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. In Venezuela is grown primarily in gardens as an ornamental tree and shadow; however, the fruits have exquisite taste and nutritional value for calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A and C. The objective of the study consisted of the chemical evaluation of the fruits of caimito, varieties green and purple, from an experimental garden established on the farm El Reto, University of the Andes, located in Monay, Trujillo State. The variables evaluated were: titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), SST/Acidity ratio, reducing sugars content, dry matter and moisture content. The experimental design corresponded to a factorial with two factors at two levels each (2²): variety (green and purple) and early and late harvest with ten replications arranged at random. The results for all assessments were processed statistically using ...

- by Ibis Quintero
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- Horticulture, Academia

Effect of growth regulators on in vitro responses of strawberry for callus induction and shoot regeneration has been investigated. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (3.0mg/l) and 6Benzyl adenine (0.5mg/l) were found most effective in terms of percentage to callus inductions and degree of callus development. Calli derived strawberry explants were cultured in shoot formatting media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The combination of BA (1.5 mg/l) and -Napthalene acetic acid (0.75mg/l) showed highest percentage of shoot induction (55.6±0.81) and multiple shoot regeneration. Combination of BA, NAA and KIN (6-Furfuryl amino purine/kinetin) found to be most efficient in shoot induction (60.7%) and multiplications (16.7±0.48). After successful shoot regeneration, regenerated shoots were cultured for root induction in MS0. The developed plantlets through in vitro culture technique were acclimated and succes...

- by Uthpal Roy
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- Horticulture, Biology, Callus, Fragaria

This paper presents researches regarding the content of essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenolic and phenolic compounds in leaf parsley from an organic culture and the methods of extraction used for determinations. The obtained results highlight the medicinal properties of parsley, both the alimentary and economic importance, as a vegetable aromatic plant used for human consumption worlwide.

- by Dan Razvan Popoviciu
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- Biochemistry, Horticulture, Food and Nutrition, Antioxidants

El uso de agentes biológicos en la producción en vivero ha aflorado como un elemento que permite no sólo mejorar la calidad morfológica y fisiológica de las plantas, sino que también posibilitar un mayor éxito en el ámbito silvicultural de una plantación. Estos agentes biológicos requieren de un ambiente óptimo para crecer, asociarse y reproducirse. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dependencia del pH y el medio de cultivo en el crecimiento in vitro de distintas cepas de Suillus luteus y Scleroderma citrinum asociadas a Pinus radiata y Eucalyptus globulus, respectivamente. El estudio se realizó en condiciones controladas de temperatura y humedad, disponiendo los inóculos en placas Petri con diferentes medios cultivo, evaluando parámetros de crecimiento y biomasa a los 38 días para S. luteus y 105 días para S. citrinum. Los resultados indican que tanto el medio de cultivo, el pH del medio, así como las cepas de cada especie estudiada, son determinantes en las respuestas d...

- by Patricio Chung
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- Botany, Horticulture, Biology, Forestry Sciences

La consulta d'aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l'acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d'aquesta tesi per mitjà del repositori institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) i el repositori cooperatiu TDX (h t t p : / / w w w. t d x. c a t /) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel•lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d'investigació i docència. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d'un lloc aliè al servei UPCommons o TDX. No s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a UPCommons (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del repositorio institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) y el repositorio cooperativo TDR (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale-attribute=es) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio UPCommons No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a UPCommons (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora.

- by Alejandro Expósito Creo
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- Horticulture, Biology, Root knot nematode

Current study was undertaken to highlight the effect of pruning on improving vigor of old orchards and increasing performance in terms of fruit yield and quality under water and nutrient stressed condition of mid hills of Eastern Himalaya. Guava was taken for the case study and all the physical and chemical properties of the fruits and other attributes of plant were evaluated using standard methods under three pruning intensities (light, moderate and severe) and no pruning. The emergence of bud was earliest in severe pruning, number of buds per shoot was highest with light pruning and cumulative lengths of new shoots were found to be highest in severe pruning. Fruit yield, size and weight were found to increase with pruning intensities and lowest in case of no pruning. Regarding chemical properties, total soluble solids and total sugar found to increase with enhanced pruning severity and least in case of no pruning. Acidity was found to be highest with no pruning and decrease with i...

- by Kaushik Bhagawati
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- Mathematics, Horticulture, Pruning

Two hundred and nine hybrid seedlings developed by crossing Nertchinsk × M.9, Osman × Heyer 12, and Nertchinsk × M.26 were evaluated since 1970 in Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Horticultural Research and Development center (HRDC), Quebec. Canada. 'McIntosh' was used as the scion. Seven of these rootstocks obtained from crossing 'Nertchinsk' with M.9 and M.26 were found to be winter hardy, disease resistant, dwarfing, with good yield efficiency and easier to propagate than O.3 under North Eastern Central Canada climate. O3A, a mutation of O.3 (Ottawa 3) was also added to the advanced lines and evaluated along with seven rootstocks in replicated trials compared to M.

- by Shahrokh Khanizadeh
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- Horticulture, Agriculture, Plant Breeding, Plant breeding and genetics

The growth and yield of erect snap bean pods Phaseolus vulgaris L. could be improved among other things by the application of optimum dosage of appropriate source of phosphate fertilizer. The goal of this experiment was to find out optimum dosage of granular phosphorus fertilizer that was effective to increase yield of erect snap bean plants. Research activities have been carried out at Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) from January to March 2010 in Lembang-Bandung, West Java. A Randomized Block Design with four replications was set up in the field. Treatments comprised of five level dosages of granular phosphorus fertilizer, viz. 50; 75; 100; 125 and 150 kg P2O5/ha-1 , and control (without P fertilizer) with four replications. P and basic fertilizers were applied at two days before planting the seed. Seed were planted in double rows and two seed per hole in the row. The rows were covered by black silver plastic mulch. Erect snap bean plants were maintained optimally and protected intensively from pests and diseases infestations since in the beginning by the application of proper kinds and dosage of pesticides. Variable measured were vegetative growth and yield of young pods. Research results showed that P fertilizer increase number of flower cluster per plant. Optimum dosage for yield of young pods was 90.8 kg P2O5/ha-1 with 34.06 kg yield young pods per plot.

- by gina sopha
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- Horticulture

Recent enhancement of the pool of known molecular markers for avocado has allowed the construction of the first moderately dense genetic map for this species. Over 300 SSR markers have been characterized and 163 of these were used to construct a map from the reciprocal cross of two Florida cultivars 'Simmonds' and 'Tonnage'. One hundred thirty-five primer pairs amplified 163 usable loci with 20 primer pairs amplifying more than one locus. 'Tonnage' was heterozygous for 152 (93%) loci, whereas 'Simmonds' was heterozygous for 64 (39%). Null alleles were identified at several loci. Linkage maps were produced for both reciprocal crosses and combined to generate a composite linkage map for the F1 population of 715 individuals. The composite map contains 12 linkage groups. Linkage groups ranged in size from 157.3 cM (LG2) to 2.4 cM (LG12) and the number of loci mapped per group ranged from 29 (LG1) to two (LG12). The total map length was 1,087.4 cM. Only seven markers were observed to have segregation distortion (α ≤ 0.05) across both sub-composite (reciprocal) maps. Phenotypic data from traits of horticultural interest are currently being collected on this population with the ultimate goal of identifying useful quantitative trait loci and the development of a marker-assisted selection program.

- by James Borrone
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- Genetics, Horticulture, Agricultural Biotechnology, Molecular Genetics

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between light levels in the understory of a broadleaf forest and the content of six ginsenosides (Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2, and Rd) in 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) roots. Our results revealed that ginsenoside contents in 1-and 2 year-old roots collected in September were significantly related to direct and total light levels, and duration of sunflecks. At this time, the effect of light levels accounted for up to 48 and 62% of the variation in ginsenoside contents of 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng roots. Also, red (R) and far red (FR) light, and the R:FR ratio significantly affected Rd, Rc, and Rg 1 contents in 2-year-old roots, accounting for up to 40% of the variation in ginsenoside contents. Crown

- by Shahrokh Khanizadeh
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- Forestry, Horticulture, Phytochemistry, Forest Ecology And Management

This appendix lists New Zealand plant species stocked and available in Australian nurseries, over time. Raised in a large New Zealand garden full of native trees, plant lover Stuart Read was perhaps hard-wired to notice kiwi plants in Australian gardens. Over time he's pieced together a pattern of waves of fashion in their planting and popularity, reflecting scientific and horticultural expansionism, commercial and familial networks and connections across the Tasman. Stuart will examine a range of NZ plants found in old and younger Australian gardens, try to tease out some of the means by which they got here and why they remain popular.

- by Stuart Read
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- Cultural Studies, Horticulture, Australian Studies, Cultural Heritage

The New Zealand pipfruit industry takes around twenty years to develop a new apple variety up to full commercial production. The industry’s success is increasingly dependent on the introduction of new pipfruit products. How can the industry plan for effective research, science, and technology (RS&T) investments for supplying products into an international marketplace which is increasingly volatile?

- by Peter J Mellalieu
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- Horticulture, Agribusiness, Organic agriculture, Sustainable agriculture

Prunus spinosa species is distributed across wide range of geographical areas which are subject to climatic, edaphic factors and long-term divergent selection. This could lead to local adaptation hence ecotypes in terms of morphological, physiologically and or biochemical inclination to their local environment. To investigate whether the species (Prunus spinosa) has been influenced by their local environmental conditions and whether populations (ecotypes) are adapted to local conditions, cuttings from different demarcated areas of origin in Germany and Italy were sourced and cultivated optimally in common container area. Growth, bud sprout and bud set were evaluated in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Soluble sugars (Glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch), N, P, K, and proline concentrations were analysed in spring and autumn for three years. The findings indicated that plants grown from different locations mostly differed in N, P, K, soluble sugars and starch in spring. None...

- by James Gacheru
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- Horticulture, Biology, Plant and Soil Science

Background: Urdbean’s low productivity is largely due to its susceptibility against whitefly-transmitted mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. The effect of Salicylic acid (SA) on MYMV disease resistance and its impact on seed yield under field conditions on diverse genotypes is largely unknown. Therefore, in present investigation, we have analysed the effect of SA on induction of antioxidant enzymes leading to MYMV resistance and enhanced seed yield in urdbean genotypes. Methods: Different concentrations of SA were sprayed on 3 week-old susceptible urdbean genotype (LBG 623) and induction of antioxidant enzymes was analysed. A pot experiment was conducted to see the effect of SA on initial induction of antioxidant enzymes maintained over long period of time in 39 urdbean genotypes. Under field conditions, the effect of SA treatment on MYMV disease resistance and seed yield was assessed. Result: Rise in antioxidant enzyme production was observed in SA treated urdbean plants c...

- by sangita Sahni
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- Veterinary Medicine, Horticulture, Biology, Vigna
- by Ratri Yulianingsih
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- Horticulture, Piper, husk

Most commercial peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars have leaves with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). Breeders have selected this character over time, as they observed that the eglandular phenotype resulted in high susceptibility to peach powdery mildew, a major disease of peach trees. EFNs are controlled by a Mendelian locus (E), mapped on chromosome 7. However, the genetic factor underlying E was unknown. In order to address this point, we developed a mapping population of 833 individuals derived from the selfing of “Malo Konare”, a Bulgarian peach cultivar, heterozygous for the trait. This progeny was used to investigate the E-locus region, along with additional resources including peach genomic resequencing data, and 271 individuals from various origins used for validation. High-resolution mapping delimited a 40.6 kbp interval including the E-locus and four genes. Moreover, three double-recombinants allowed identifying Prupe.7G121100, a LMI1-like homeodomain leucine zipper...

- by Laure Heurtevin
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- Horticulture

Vriesea reitzii Leme & Costa is an endemic bromeliad from the Atlantic Forest in South Brazil. The devastation of this biome threatens the extinction of this species that besides its role in the ecosystem has an ornamental value. Tissue culture techniques are important tools for the mass propagation of threatened bromeliad species. In the present work we established an in vitro regenerative protocol for the large-scale propagation, and improvement of this species. Young basal leaves used as explants showed 90.6% induction rate of nodule clusters in MS culture medium supplemented with 20.0 mM 2,4-D and 1.0 mM Kin. The subculture of these nodule clusters to MS medium with BAP, Kin and 2-iP resulted in a regeneration rate of 60 shoots/g nodule clusters. Subsequent subculture to MS media supplemented with 2.5 mM 2-iP and 0.5 mM NAA and then to MS medium free of PGR enhanced the full development of plantlets. Plantlets longer than 3 cm were successfully acclimatized showing a survival rate of 90%.

- by Lirio Luiz Dal Vesco
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- Horticulture, Regeneration, Histology, Tissue culture

Summerred' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) are highly susceptible to biennial bearing if not properly thinned. This results in erratic yields and also affects fruit quality adversely. Between 2003 and 2005, 'Summered'/'M9' trees were treated with ethephon at concentrations of 250, 375, and 500 mgÁL -1 when most king flowers opened (' '20% bloom) or at concentrations of 500, 625, and 750 mgÁL -1 when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter. The experiment was conducted with 2.5-m height slender spindle trees sprayed to the point of runoff with a hand applicator only when temperatures exceeded 15 8C. Within 2 weeks after the second application, fruit set was reduced linearly with increasing concentrations of ethephon to less than one fruitlet per cluster at the highest concentrations used. Most thinning treatments reduced fruit set significantly compared with unthinned trees. Fruit numbers per tree decreased significantly with increasing ethephon concentrations, and the highest concentrations of ethephon applied during bloom or when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter resulted in overthinning. Yield results confirmed the fruit set response in which yield reductions were significant at the highest concentrations of ethephon (2.1 kg/tree) compared with hand-thinned trees (7.3 kg/tree) in 2005. All thinning treatments resulted in higher percentage of fruits larger than 60 mm diameter compared with unthinned control fruit. Thinning resulted in significantly higher soluble solid contents, and this was especially so for hand-thinned trees. Other fruit quality parameters like yellow-green background color did not show a clear response to thinning. Return bloom was, however, improved on all thinned trees. It is recommended that ethephon be applied at a rate of 375 mgÁL -1 when king flowers open or at a rate of 625 mgÁL -1 when the average fruitlet size is 10 mm in diameter. This thins 'Summerred' apples to a target of approximately five fruits/cm 2 per trunk cross-sectional area or 50 to 70 fruits per 100 flower clusters without impacting on fruit quality, yield, or return bloom the next year.

- by Clive Kaiser
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- Horticulture, Abscission, Yield, Weight

In this study, the genetic diversity of 50 individuals of rocket, Eruca vesicaria, from five accessions, four of them wild type collected from different parts of Spain and one commercial, were evaluated using morphological, agronomical and inter simple sequence repeat DNA (ISSR) data. Molecular analysis was carried out using the ISSR technique with 20 primers. Out of these 20 primers, nine were polymorphic, producing a total of 395 DNA bands, 247 of which were polymorphic among the accessions. A dendrogram drawn on the basis of a similarity matrix using the UPGMA algorithm revealed that the 50 samples of rocket plants could be classified into three major clusters at a Nei's genetic distance of 0.36. The experiment shows that molecular markers such as ISSR are a good instrument for distinguishing and selecting rocket accessions to group different wild populations. In general, a high variation was observed for most of the 16 morphological and 6 agronomical traits showing significant differences. Some morphological traits such as leaf length, petiole length and lamina width explained 69.1% of the whole variation observed in the populations, and some agronomical traits such as leaf area, nitrate and chlorophyll contents accounted for 65.7%, but the clusters generated by means of agronomical and morphological variables were less evident than when ISSR markers used. Some accessions showed good qualities, such as small leaves, high chlorophyll content, late-flowering or low nitrate content. All these parameters, together with the high degree of genetic homogeneity found, could make the local accessions good candidates for a future breeding programme. ß

- by Catalina Egea-gilabert
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- Genetics, Horticulture, Polymorphism, Morphology

The effect of two fruit maturity stages on the quality attributes of four fresh fig cultivars was examined, including consumer acceptance and antioxidant capacity. Fig quality attributes such as weight, soluble solids concentration (SSC)

- by Louise Ferguson
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- Horticulture, Evaluation, Free Radical, Analysis

A new and distinct June-bearing strawberry cultivar named
‘Saint-Jean d’Orléans’ is primarily adapted to the growing
conditions of Eastern Central Canada. Its high yield of
medium sized, ?rm, light-red glossy fruits, resistance to leaf
diseases, long shelf life and high levels of given antioxidants
essentially characterize ‘Saint-Jean d’Orléans’.

- by Shahrokh Khanizadeh
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- Horticulture, Innovation statistics, Diffusion of Innovations, Patents

The Asian cycads are mostly allopatric, distributed in small population sizes. Hybridization between allopatric species provides clues in determining the mechanism of species divergence. Horticultural introduction provides the chance of interspecific gene flow between allopatric species. Two allopatrically eastern Asian Cycas sect. Asiorientales species, C. revoluta and C. taitungensis, which are widely distributed in Ryukyus and Fujian Province and endemic to Taiwan, respectively, were planted in eastern Taiwan for horticultural reason. Higher degrees of genetic admixture in cultivated samples than wild populations in both cycad species were detected based on multilocus scans by neutral AFLP markers. Furthermore, bidirectional but asymmetric introgression by horticultural introduction of C. revoluta is evidenced by the reanalyses of species associated loci, which are assumed to be diverged after species divergence. Partial loci introgressed from native cycad to the invaders were also detected at the loci of strong species association. Consistent

- by Yu-Chung Chiang
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- Bioinformatics, Botany, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics

Hot water treatment of seeds to control seedborne pathogens is an important tool for organic seed production. Reducing seed moisture content may have the potential to increase carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus D.C.) seed tolerance to treatment. Two hot water seed treatment experiments were conducted. The first studied the effect of seed moisture content (SMC), treatment temperature and treatment duration on germination. Maximum safe treatment temperature and durations were established at 50°C and 30-40 min. Germination decreased slightly from 68% at 5% SMC to 63% at 20% SMC (LSD 1.2) for all durations. The second experiment studied the effect of initial SMC and treatment durations on infestation of seed by Alternaria radicina and seed germination. Treatment at 50°C for 30 min for all SMC compared to the control resulted in a decrease in A. radicina infestation from 69.2 to 1.7%. Reducing SMC from 20 to 5% for all durations resulted in a small decrease in infestation from 25% to ...

- by Charles N Merfield
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- Horticulture, Biology, Key words, Moisture

The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed.

- by Appalanaidu Pappala
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- Horticulture, Social Sciences, Deforestation, Social Science

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is considered as an important profitable fruit in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the fruits orchard of Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pahartali, Chattogram and Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Hathazari, Chattogram during 2019-20 to assess the genetic diversity of the in situ guava germplasm. Twenty two guava lines were assessed in this investigation. A total of 21 traits (11 qualitative and 10 quantitative) enabled an assessment of the genetic variability and construction of this guava germplasm. The maximum variation was observed in pulp color and seediness in guava fruits. Plant height ranged from 2.38 to 6.20 m with an average 3.85 m. Based girth ranged from 28.00 to 81.00 cm with an average of 47.79 cm. Fruit weight ranged from 55.0-362.0 g with average 101.92 g and yield per plant ranged from 12.53 to 126.70 kg with average 26.54 kg. The morphological dendrograph generated from agglomeration hierarchical clustering grouped the 22 genotypes into 5 major clusters. Heatmap explaining the overall performance of the genotypes indicated that BARI Peyara 2 and BARI Peyara 4 had higher yield potentiality.

- by Md. Golam Azam
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- Horticulture, Agriculture, Pomology, Variability

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a sensibilidade dos parâmetros fornecidos pela análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas para detectar a redução do vigor de sementes de tomate durante o armazenamento, comparado a testes tradicionalmente utilizados para esta finalidade. Dez lotes de sementes de tomate, cultivar Mariana, foram armazenados por 12 meses em ambiente controlado a 20±1 °C e 45-50% de umidade relativa do ar. O teor de água das sementes foi monitorado e o potencial fisiológico avaliado aos 0, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o armazenamento, com os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de sal, emergência de plântulas e com o sistema de análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas (SVIS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 10 (épocas X lotes) com 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias por meio do teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas de tomate, cinco dias após a semeadura, permite detectar diferenças de vigor entre lotes e a redução do vigor ao longo do armazenamento. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum, deterioração de sementes, potencial fisiológico, SVIS Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the parameters provided by computerized image analysis to detect tomato seed vigor reduction during storage, compared to tests traditionally used for this purpose. Ten lots of tomato seeds, cultivar Mariana, were stored for 12 months in a controlled environment at 20 ± 1 ° C and 45-50% relative humidity. The seed moisture content was monitored and physiological potential assessed at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months after storage, with germination, first count, accelerated aging with saturated salt solution, seedling emergence tests and with computerized image analyzes of seedlings by SVIS ® system. A completely random design was used in a 4 x 10 factorial scheme (4 evaluations periods X 10 lots) with 4 replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. Computer image analysis of tomato seedlings with five days after sowing is able to detect vigor differences between lots and vigor loss during storage.

- by Vanessa Neumann Silva
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- Horticulture, seed Science and Technology, Sementes, HORTICULTURA

(1) Background: Since early yield prediction is relevant for resource requirements of harvesting and marketing in the whole fruit industry, this paper presents a new approach of using image analysis and tree canopy features to predict early yield with artificial neural networks (ANN); (2) Methods: Two back propagation neural network (BPNN) models were developed for the early period after natural fruit drop in June and the ripening period, respectively. Within the same periods, images of apple cv. " Gala " trees were captured from an orchard near Bonn, Germany. Two sample sets were developed to train and test models; each set included 150 samples from the 2009 and 2010 growing season. For each sample (each canopy image), pixels were segmented into fruit, foliage, and background using image segmentation. The four features extracted from the data set for the canopy were: total cross-sectional area of fruits, fruit number, total cross-section area of small fruits, and cross-sectional area of foliage, and were used as inputs. With the actual weighted yield per tree as a target, BPNN was employed to learn their mutual relationship as a prerequisite to develop the prediction; (3) Results: For the developed BPNN model of the early period after June drop, correlation coefficients (R 2) between the estimated and the actual weighted yield, mean forecast error (MFE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.81, −0.05, 10.7%, 2.34 kg/tree, respectively. For the model of the ripening period, these measures were 0.83, −0.03, 8.9%, 2.3 kg/tree, respectively. In 2011, the two previously developed models were used to predict apple yield. The RMSE and R 2 values between the estimated and harvested apple yield were 2.6 kg/tree and 0.62 for the early period (small, green fruit) and improved near harvest (red, large fruit) to 2.5 kg/tree and 0.75 for a tree with ca. 18 kg yield per tree. For further method verification, the cv. " Pinova " apple trees were used as another variety in 2012 to develop the BPNN prediction model for the early period after June drop. The model was used in 2013, which gave similar results as those found with cv. " Gala " ; (4) Conclusion: Overall, the results showed in this research that the proposed estimation models performed accurately using canopy and fruit features using image analysis algorithms.

- by Michael Blanke
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- Horticulture, Sensors and Sensing, Digital Image Processing, Fruit Science

Soilless plant growth systems are widely used as a means to save irrigation water and to reduce groundwater contamination. While nutrient concentrations in the growth medium are depleted due to uptake by the plants, salinity and toxic substances accumulate due to transpiration. A theoretical model is suggested, to simulate nutrient uptake by plants grown in soilless cultures with recycled solutions. The model accounts for salinity accumulation with time and plant growth, and its effects on uptake of the different nutrients by means of interaction with Na and Cl ions. The sink term occurs due to uptake by a growing root system. Influx as a function of the ion concentration is according to Michaelis-Menten active mechanisms for K + , NO 3 − -N, NH 4 + -N, PO 4 -P, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and SO 4 2− , whose influx parameters are affected by Na and Cl − , but not with time (age). Sodium influx is passive above a critical concentration. Sum of cations-anions concentrations is balanced by Cl − to maintain electro-neutrality of the growth solution. Salinity (by means of Na concentration) suppresses root and leaf growth, which further effect uptake and transpiration. The model accounts for instantaneous transpiration losses, during daytime only and its effect on uptake of nutrients and plant development due to salt accumulation. The model was tested against NO 3 − and K + uptake by plants associated with cumulative transpiration and with different NaCl salinity levels. Deviations from observed K + uptake should be attributed to the salinity tolerance of the plants. In a study with data obtained from published literature, the model indicated that nutrient depletion and salinity buildup might be completely different with fully grown-up plants (that do not grow) and plants that grow with time. Depletion of different nutrients are according to their initial concentration and plant uptake rate, but also affected by their interactions with Na and Cl ions.

- by J. Ben-asher
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- Horticulture, Nutrition, Biomathematics, Groundwater Contamination

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), overall diabetes prevalence in adult population is around 20%. Along with, or instead of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin, some patients use bitter gourd (Momrodica charantia) because of its hypoglycemic properties. The aim of this study was to assess the essential (Ca, Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mo) and toxic (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) trace elements of bitter gourd using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentrations of each essential element were compared with literature data. Toxic As and Cd could not be detected, while Hg and Pb concentrations in our samples were much lower compared to values reported previously from contaminated areas. Results obtained in our study after ICP-MS/MW analysis, indicate that bitter gourd can be a good source of essential elements.

- by Abdu Adem
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- Food Science, Horticulture, Food, Calcium

Commercial horticulture in many regions of the world depends upon Sphagnum peat as a potting-media substrate, but extracting peat has serious environmental consequences. Composts may be able to serve as effective substitutes for peat and offer potential environmental advantages. The suitability of compost as potting media depends upon the raw materials as well as processing methods used. This study includes two related experiments—one with beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and the other with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)—aimed at assessing the potential viability of farm-produced, food-residuals compost as a replacement for peat-based potting media in the production of organic vegetable transplants. The experiments were conducted in 2021 on the Berea College Farm in Kentucky, USA, a USDA certified organic farm. The results indicated that potting media composed of 75% to 100% compost performed as well as fertilized, peat-based growing media for plant growth. Further, although weeds were pre...

- by Sean Clark
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- Environmental Science, Horticulture, Climate Change, Food Systems

Teak is a forest species that has assumed great importance in Brazil, where it has found excellent conditions for development since its introduction into the country in the 1960s. However, phytosanitary problems are beginning to threaten the production of this timber species. An example is teak canker, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Lt), which has only recently been reported in Brazil, and for which, therefore, there are no recommended control methods. Thus, this study evaluated the control of this pathogen, investigating the potential of the biocontrol agents (BCAs) Trichoderma spp., Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp., initially through in vitro assays and, subsequently, with in vivo tests. According to the in vitro assay results, the Trichoderma isolates CEN162 and CEN1153 and the strain of Bacillus sp. (UnB1366) were the treatments that stood out, as they were able to completely inhibit mycelial growth of some isolates of Lt. When these isolates were tested in a pr...

- by Sueli C M Mello and +1
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- Horticulture, Biology, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Forestry Sciences

Significant foliar nutrient response due to genetic variability was seen for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B, Fe and Zn for some Iranian quince genotypes, which were selected from different parts of Iran (during 2006-2009). Vector analysis has been used to interpret plant nutrient status and nutrient shifts (dilution, deficiency, excess, etc) of studied quince genotypes. In our study, reference point for calculating and comparing the relative change of the three parameters (nutrient concentration, nutrient content and leaf dry weight) for studied quince genotypes was the average value of tissue concentrations, content of nutrient and leaf dry weight which were normalized to 100% to allow comparison on a common base. Vector analysis diagnoses of foliar response revealed excess “E-shifts’ behavior of all studied nutrient, as compared to the control, in the genotype ASM3. Steady-status “B-shifts” and Luxury consumption “D-shifts” behaviors were not shown by any of studied nutrient among studied qui...

- by Hamid Abdollahi
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- Horticulture, Biology, Nutrient

Mandarins are highly preferred fruit crop in India where maximum genetic diversity is seen in Northeast part of the country. The present investigation was conducted during the year 2018-21 by collecting mandarin genotypes from different... more

- by Megha Raghavan
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- Horticulture, Citrus Fruits, Fruit Science

The terrace ecosystem is considered as hotspot of jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) in Bangladesh having potential for understory cropping. However, most of the jackfruit orchards are often found utilized or underutilized. A field experiment was conducted under the jackfruit orchard to study the performance of aroids (Colocasia esculenta L.) from April to October, 2017 in Belabo upazila of Narsingdi district. Four distances (1, 2, 3 and 4 m) from the base of jackfruit tree were considered for aroid planting to evaluate its performance as agroforestry crop in comparison to sole aroid. Land use and economic performances of agroforestry and sole systems were also evaluated. The results indicated that the production of jackfruit increased by 62.73%, while the yield of aroid reduced by 33.48% in agroforestry systems as compared to the yields of sole (non-agroforestry) systems. In agroforestry system, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was severely reduced by 85-77%...

- by Md. Main Uddin Miah
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- Horticulture, Agroforestry, Agriculture, Fruits and vegetables

Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on terrestrial ecosystem sequestration as an illustration of successful research. The use of halophyte horticulture for near-term solution to environmental problems and for food application has been demonstrated and is in commercial production in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Halophyte horticulture fixes carbon from the atmosphere using desert land areas and features sea water for irrigation.

- by John Maulbetsch
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- Horticulture, Energy Policy, Global Warming, Strategy

The Rosaceae crop family (including almond, apple, apricot, blackberry, peach, pear, plum, raspberry, rose, strawberry, sweet cherry, and sour cherry) provides vital contributions to human well-being and is economically significant across the U.S. In 2003, industry stakeholder initiatives prioritized the utilization of genomics, genetics, and breeding to develop new cultivars exhibiting both disease resistance and superior horticultural quality. However, rosaceous crop breeders lacked certain knowledge and tools to fully implement DNA-informed breeding—a “chasm” existed between existing genomics and genetic information and the application of this knowledge in breeding. The RosBREED project (“Ros” signifying a Rosaceae genomics, genetics, and breeding community initiative, and “BREED”, indicating the core focus on breeding programs), addressed this challenge through a comprehensive and coordinated 10-year effort funded by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative. RosBREED was...

- by Jim McFerson
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- Horticulture

Nineteen gladiolus germplasms were characterized and evaluated in the Research Field of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during November 2017 to May 2018 for identifying suitable line(s) to release as a variety for commercial cultivation. The accession G 8 produced the highest number of shoots (3.3) and effective shoots (3.0) per hill. The accessions that produced flower stalk within 75 days of planting included BARI gladiolus-3 (G 1 , 58.7 days), G 2 (62.3 days), G 3 (65.7 days), BARI gladiolus-5 (G 4 , 61.3 days), G 5 (55.7 days), BARI gladiolus-6 (G 7 , 71.3 days), G 10 (74.0 days), G 14 (73.3 days), G 15 (75.0 days) and G 19 (67.3 days). The highest rachis length was recorded in BARI gladiolus-3 (53.7 cm) which was statistically similar with the rachis length of G 6 (46.0 cm), G 10 (46.3 cm), G 11 (47.0 cm) and BARI gladiolus-1 (G 12 , 46.3 cm) but significantly differed with other accessions. Most of the accessions in general, produced more than 10 florets per spike. Vase life of the accessions varied and G 11 had the highest vase life of 9-11 days and this was close to 9-10 days in G 9 and 8-9 days in BARI gladiolus-3 (G 1), G 8 , G 10 , G 17 , G 18 and G 19. The highest number of corm per hill was recorded in G 8 (10.3) followed by G 5 (8.7), G 16 (8.3), G 17 (7.7) and BARI gladiolus-3 (6.7). Number of cormels per hill ranged from 9.0-941.7 with an average of 237.0. Based on various plant, flower colour, corm and cormel production characters, the gladiolus accessions G

- by Dr. Md. Azizul Hoque
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- Horticulture, Conservation Biology, Biology, Agriculture

Resumo: Diante dos relatos de perdas frequentes causadas pela mancha-de-estenfílio (Stemphylium solani) no tomateiro e da necessidade de se buscar estratégias adequadas de controle nos diferentes sistemas de manejo, foi realizado o presente estudo com os objetivos de: 1) avaliar a eficiência de caldas alternativas e fungicidas no controle da doença no tomateiro e; 2) Determinar os seus efeitos sobre o acúmulo de massa seca e produção de frutos. Avaliaram-se em dois experimentos, em casa-de-vegetação e no campo, a eficiência da aplicação das caldas bordalesa, viçosa e sulfocálcica (ambas a 1%), e dos fungicidas mancozebe (750 g kg-1), tebuconazole (200 ml L-1) e oxicloreto de cobre (500 g kg-1) em dois híbridos de tomate: Dominador e Serato. No primeiro ensaio, aferiu-se o progresso da doença e calcularam-se os valores da área abaixo da curva de progresso (AACPD) e, no segundo, determinou-se a AACPD, a produção de frutos e acúmulo de massa seca nas plantas. O híbrido Dominador apresentou, independente das formulações aplicadas, menores valores de AACPD e maior produção de frutos. O mancozebe e as caldas bordalesa e viçosa, seguido de oxicloreto de cobre e tebuconazole, foram eficientes no controle da doença em ambos os ensaios. Apesar do controle da doença, estes produtos não afetaram a produção de frutos e acúmulo de massa seca pelas plantas. Conclui-se que a aplicação de mancozebe e das caldas bordalesa e viçosa é eficiente no controle da doença. Este controle, porém, é inferior ao obtido com o uso do híbrido resistente, Dominador. Palavras-chave: calda bordalesa, calda viçosa, mancozebe, Solanum lycopersicum, Stemphylium solani Abstract: In view of the reports of frequent losses caused by gray leaf spot (Stemphylium solani) in tomato and the need to seek adequate control strategies in different management systems, the present study was carried out aim to: 1) to evaluate the efficiency of alternative syrups and fungicides in the disease control in tomato; 2) to determinate its effects on the accumulation of dry mass and fruit production. The application efficiency of bordeaux mixture, viçosa mixture and lime sufur (both 1%) and fungicides mancozeb (750 g kg-1), tebuconazole (200 ml L-1) and copper oxychloride (500 g kg-1), were evaluated in two experiments, greenhouse and field, in two tomato hybrids: 'Dominador' and 'Serato'. In the first experiments, the progress of the disease was evaluated and the values of the area below the progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated and, in the second, the AUDPC, the fruit production and accumulation of dry mass in the plants were determined. The hybrid Dominador presented, independently of the applied formulations, lower AUDPC values and higher fruit production. Mancozeb and bordeaux and viçosa mixtures, followed by copper oxychloride and tebuconazole, were efficient in controlling the disease in both experiments. Despite the control of the disease, these products did not affect the fruits production and accumulation of dry mass by the plants. It was concluded that the application of mancozeb and bordeaux and viçosa mixtures is efficient in the control of the disease. This control, however, is lower than that obtained with the use of resistant hybrid, Dominador. 10.30612/agrarian.v12i43.7101

- by Carlos Antônio dos Santos and +1
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- Horticulture, Agroecología, Agroecologia, Tomate

Forced by ongoing government persecution to leave their homeland in Burma, Karen refugees residing in Georgia (U.S.A.) continue each day the process of remembering and reaffirming their cultural traditions while seeking meaning and belonging in their new environment. Through engaging in interviews and gardening practices with Karen friends turned research consultants, this project examines the anthropological phenomenon of the “landscape of the interior”, particularly as experienced from a transnational perspective. Recognizing the value of preserving plant genetic biodiversity alongside culturally situated knowledge, it aims to record—through the process of memory banking—ethnobotanical traditions of Karen communities and their cultural relationship to the natural environment. One important product of this research is a compendium of plant species grown by Karen gardeners in Georgia. This compendium includes plant characteristics, methods of cultivation, uses, religious/cultural significance and photo documentation. Additionally, this project explores the role of "interior landscapes" in shaping relationships with a newly inhabited environment. This investigation seeks to benefit Karen people and the community at large by encouraging the continuation of traditions—creating senses of rootedness and preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and biodiversity. This research is approached with the belief that practices of remembrance and resilience are often the strongest means of combating forces of hegemony and oppression.

- by Terese Gagnon
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- Cultural Geography, Southeast Asian Studies, Horticulture, Transnationalism

The present study was executed to identify the suitable integrated nitrogen management on vine growth and leaf characters of betel vine (Piper betle L.) cv. Simurali Deshi, Simurali Bhabna and Halisahar Sanchi in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice with eight treatments of integrated nitrogen management. It was noted that treatments in combination with inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen produced better results than the treatments with sole application of organic source of nitrogen. Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (200 kg/ha) in the form of mustard oil cake and urea in equal proportion (1:1) recorded the highest vine growth (273.57 cm/ year) in Simurali Deshi, leaf petiole length (8.04 cm) in Simurali Bhabna, intermodal length (4.88 cm) in Halisahar Sanchi, number of branches per vine (11.43) in Simurali Bhabna, leaf length (12.24 cm) in Simurali Bhabna, leaf breadth (10.05 cm) in Halisahar Sanchi, leaf area (106.34 cm 2) in Halisahar followed by application of nitrogen from cow dung manure and urea in 1:1 ratio (T2).

- by Aloke Bar
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- Horticulture, Agriculture, Nutrient Management, Piper Betle
- by Suzanne Allaire
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- Green Economics, Horticulture, BIOCHAR, Sustainable Crop production with biochar

Application of the thermal sum concept was developed to determine the optimal harvesting stage of new banana hybrids to be grown for export. It was tested on two triploid hybrid bananas, FlhorBan 916 (F916) and FlhorBan 918 (F918), created by CIRAD's banana breeding programme, using two different approaches. The first approach was used with F916 and involved calculating the base temperature of bunches sampled at two sites at the ripening stage, and then determining the thermal sum at which the stage of maturity would be identical to that of the control Cavendish export banana. The second approach was used to assess the harvest stage of F918 and involved calculating the two thermal parameters directly, but using more plants and a longer period. Using the linear regression model, the estimated thermal parameters were a thermal sum of 680 degree-days (dd) at a base temperature of 17.0 • C for cv. F916, and 970 dd at 13.9 • C for cv. F918. This easy-to-use method provides quick and reliable calculations of the two thermal parameters required at a specific harvesting stage for a given banana variety in tropical climate conditions. Determining these two values is an essential step for gaining insight into the agronomic features of a new variety and its potential for export.

- by Olivier Hubert
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- Horticulture, Hybrid, Exportation, Temperature
- by Charles Safley
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- Horticulture, Consumer, Color

With the diminishing of agricultural land day by day due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is very less area lying vacant for vegetable cultivation in both urban and rural area. Side by side, Indian family needs at least four times meals in day that includes rice, pulses, fruits and
vegetables for a balance diet. Vegetables are rich source of vitamin, minerals, antioxidants, fiber and roughage. So it is known as protected food and it is a principal component in balance diet. So ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi) has recommended 300g vegetables per day per adult which includes 125g leaf vegetables, 100g root & tuber vegetables and 75g other vegetables for balance diet and to stay healthy. Vegetables are in high demand in Indian meals due to awareness among the people regarding its
nutritional security and pharmaceutical values. Same time Government pushing the organic farming concept in crop cultivation in order to tackle different hazards like soil pollution, water pollution, human being serious health issue like cancer, diabetics, obesity, etc. due excess use of chemicals inputs in vegetables cultivation. It is very difficult to cater the demand of quality vegetables for 1.2 billion people in India. So this is an alarm situation for us. On side we have less land for cultivation and other the hand we need high amount of quality vegetables free from chemical toxicity for our health. Perhaps, this critical human made situation can be easily solved by adoption of Kitchen garden concept in India. To spread the awareness regarding the concept of Kitchen garden and its benefit, a Kitchen garden was constructed at M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University, Paralakhemundi during 2018-2019 with all the components and principles. The same kitchen garden was demonstrated to agriculture students, local farmers and different SHGs nearby area and they are trained there off.

- by kartik pramanik
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- Horticulture, Vegetable Science