Horticulture (Vegetable Production) Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Agroplant

Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk NPK mutiara dengan 4 taraf yaitu : N0 = 0 g/tanaman, N1 = 5 g/tanaman, N2 = 7 g/tanaman, N3 = 9 g/tanaman. Faktor ke dua adalah dosis pupuk kandang kambing dengan 4 taraf yaitu : K0 = 0 g/tanaman, K1 = 100 g/tanaman, K2 = 125 g/tanaman, K3 150 = g/tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, apabila terdapat beda nyata pada perlakuan maka dilanjut dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis NPK mutiara 9 g/tanaman berpengaruh terbaik pada tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, dosis NPK 5 g-7 g/tanaman efektif hasilnya pada jumlah daun, umur berbunga, jumlah buah, bobot buah per satuan dan bobot buah per tanaman. Dosis pupuk kandang kambing 125 g-150 g/tanaman lebih efektif pengaruhnya terhadap tinggi tanaman dan volume buah. Interaksi antara pupuk NPK mutiara dan pupuk kandang kambing berpengaruh tidak nyata pada semua parameter pengamatan.

2025, IPB Press

Prunus persica is a highly diverse subtropical fruit species within the Rosaceae family, originating from China with over 4,000 years of cultivation history. Its genetic diversity is shaped by wild relatives such as P. davidiana, P. kansuensis, and P. mira, offering resilience traits valuable for breeding. Globally, China leads peach production, contributing 57.9% of the 24.7 million tons harvested annually. Peach trees exhibit broad morphological variations, and their cultivation involves practices such as grafting, pruning, and fruit thinning to optimize yield and quality. The species has a compact diploid genome (≈230 Mb), making it a model plant in genetic research. However, modern peach cultivars suffer from reduced genetic diversity due to narrow germplasm bases. Recent efforts have emphasized utilizing wild accessions for enhancing biotic and abiotic resistance. Beyond fresh consumption, peaches provide economic value through processed products and medicinal applications. Leaves, flowers, and kernels contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, indicating strong pharmaceutical potential. Peach cultivation in Indonesia is promising, particularly in dry-season regions, but requires further agronomic adaptation studies across elevation gradients.

2025

Currently in Palangka Raya mushroom cultivation is increasing, and the more farmers are interested in doing so as the demand for mushroom products is still high and has not been met despite the decline from year to year. Differences in cultivation techniques at several stages will affect the yields of mushroom. The research was to determine the effect of cultivation techniques on oyster mushroom production at several mushroom farmers in Palangka Raya, it was carried out from March to April 2024. Observations and interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding data on land area, shelf mushrooms, humidity and temperature, watering, mushroom production, and other supporting data. Technical factors, technology for cultivating oyster mushrooms in Palangka Raya carried out by mushroom farmers are a). Providing additional nutrition once a week and watering the baglog will increase mushroom production one to two times than usual, b). Watering 2-3 times a day can reduce heat in the house and encourage mold growth. Strong motivation is one of the non-technical factors that can increase oyster mushroom production.

2025, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 59 Issue 6 (June 2025)

Background: Chekkurmanis, is a shrubby glabrous perennial green leafy vegetable, extensively grown in warm humid tropics. It is called as "Multivitamin / Multigreen" plant. Micronutrient deficiency has spread all over the world and it is termed as "Hidden Hunger". In this regard, chekkurmanis is the chief source of many minerals and nutrients is help to eradicate these deficiencies. The yield enhancement and improvement on plant growth characters could be manipulated by adopting optimized cultural practices, especially plant spacing and stage of harvest. W ith the background, present study was taken up to examine the variations in morphologically; under different spacing's in relation to different growth stages were assessed and discussed. Methods: The research study was carried during 2019-2020. The healthy rooted cuttings collected from Orchard, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The research trial consisted of two factors different spacing's (Factor I) and specific days interval (Factor II). Result: Based on the results, it can be suggested that growth characters i.e. plant height, number of branches, number of leaves per plant and petiole length parameters were significantly higher under closer spacing at 180 days after planting (S 1 D 3). W hile, Maximum leaf length, leaf breadth and plant spread were recorded under wider spacing at 180 days after planting (S 5 D 3).

2025

Objetivo general 16 Justificación 17 Estado del arte 20 1. El paisaje en la geografía 20 2. Métodos en el estudio del paisaje 23 Capítulo 1. El paisaje como herencia territorial 25 1.1 El paisaje con herencias culturales: unidades y categorías de análisis 26 1.2 Reflexiones sobre el método para el estudio del paisaje de Atotonilco el Alto, Jalisco 28 1.3 Los paisajes rurales 31 1.4 Herencia cultural edificada 33 1.5 Reconocer al paisaje como herencia territorial 34 Capitulo 2. Metodología propuesta 39 2.1 Problemática 40 A Pablo Abitia, por su apoyo, porras, y por ayudarme con el cortometraje que surgió del estudio: "Ríos que tejen historia". A mis hijas: Sabina y Elena por su amor y comprensión. Usa tu celular para ver el cortometraje "Ríos que tejen historia"

2025, Australian Journal of Crop Science

The effect of nitrogen application on biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake by okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) grown in an unheated greenhouse was determined. Nitrogen (N) was applied in the form of a liquid feed at 0 (N-0), 150 (N-150) and 300 (N-300) ppm while other nutrients were maintained at a constant level. The accumulation of dry matter in the aerial plant parts (DMAe) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) by the aerial plant parts (NUe) were recorded throughout the growth period. The data were analysed with the aid of logistic equations to determine the maximum daily DMAe and total NUe in relation to DMAe. Both DMAe and NUe follow a sigmoid curve, accurately described by a logistic equation. From the results it was found that during growth there was a period when DMAe occurred at an intense rate. The time of onset of this period and its duration varied with N application. Maximum daily DMAe (RDMAe) as well as maximum daily NUe (RNUe) occurred when 50% of the maximum DMAe and NUe had been achieved, irrespective of N application. The maximum daily uptake of N (RN-NUe) and K (RK-NUe) by the plant occurred about 2-6 days earlier than the RDMAe, irrespective of N-level. In addition, although the uptake of P (P-NUe) was low, maximum daily P-NUe also occurred prior to the maximum daily DMAe. However, the maximum daily uptake of the other ions that were measured (Ca and Mg) was less clearly defined.

2025

A field experiment was conducted during late kharif, 2016-17 at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi to study the effects of plant density, planting patterns and mulching techniques on, yield and economics of irrigated redgram. The results revealed that spacing of 120/60 cm × 20 cm as paired rows with plastic mulch in pairs recorded significantly higher seed yield (2,302 kg ha) of irrigated redgram. The net returns ( 69,014 ha) and B : C (3.30) ratio were realized with paired row spacing of 90/30 cm × 20 cm.

2025, International journal of Biology Sciences

This study investigates the germination percentages and optimal organic treatments for three traditional tomato species in Nagaland, India: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Syn. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Cherry tomatoes (Solanum pimpinellifolium), and Tree tomato or Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Conducted from 2022 to 2023 in polyhouses at K-Station, Tseminyu, and Pfutseromi, Phek, the research reveals that and cherry tomato seeds exhibited superior germination rates compared to tree tomato seeds. The selection of treatments significantly influenced germination percentages, with combinations such as garden wastes + FYM and coco peat + vermicompost + perlite showing promise. Variability in germination percentages across nursery stations underscores the influence of local environmental factors. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing tomato cultivation practices in Nagaland, highlighting the importance of treatment selection for enhancing germination rates in traditional tomato varieties. The study also underscores the agricultural challenges faced in Nagaland, such as limited knowledge of suitable cultivars and cultivation practices, and underscores the importance of understanding local agro-climatic conditions to address food security concerns.

2025, IRE Journals

Moringa oleifera commonly called "Sehjan" in India, is one of the most cultivated and distributed plant species in the region. It is a variable species that typically grows to 10 meters in height and has multiple uses as a vegetable, spice, medicinal plant and supply of culinary and cosmetic oil. All the parts of plant have a range of vital nutrients and thus provide rich minerals, proteins, vitamins, βcarotene, amino acids, and various phenolic contents. Moringa has been found to be of tremendous help in fighting malnutrition especially in children and nursing mothers because of its high nutrition and vitamin density. More importantly, its leaves can have nearly four times more either vitamin A, calcium, iron, vitamin C and potassium contents compared with well-known sources like carrots, milk, spinach, oranges and banana. In addition, the protein quality in Moringa leaves is better than milk and eggs. This review provides an extensive discussion on the phytochemicals, bioactivities, medicinal values, and nutritional value of M. oleifera.

2025, IRE Journals

Moringa oleifera, the "drumstick tree" or "horseradish tree", is native to India and a wellknown around the world for its many great uses. Its nutrition and medicinal benefits have been extensively described in both the regional and international scientific press. Owing to its diverse uses, interest in Moringa oleifera has increased in recent years. Widely known as the "Miracle Tree", all parts of this plant have either nutritional or pharmaceutical value. Fast growth, good nutritional value, and drought tolerance make the crop an important contributor to food security in the developing world. In addition to its nutritional value, Moringa has potential for water purification and crafts, and its importance in agro-ecological conservation has also been argued. Most importantly, it helps conserve soil and water and it represents a tool for climate change adaptation. This review will seek to review scientific literature and documentation on multifaceted functionalities with medicinal and nutritional potential. Finally to suggest its relevance for mitigating climate change and explain strategic guidelines for research, policy and market development.

2025, scholarsresearchlibrary.com

The occurrence of hardseedness and the low percentage of seed germination are major challenges when growing okra. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the effects of micro elements fertilizer in relation with time of harvest and plant parts on germination behavior of cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculent L.). The study was carried out at Agricultural farm of Thessaly University in 2011. The design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Four different cultivars of okra contain Boiatloy, Beloudo, Clemsson and Pleas and three treatments of micro fertilizer were studied. Results showed micro fertilizer treatment had positive effect on germination. Both level of micro fertilizer (F 2 and F 3 ) raised noticeable seed germination than control (F 1 ). Increasing level of fertilizer from first level of fertilizer (F 1 ) to third level of fertilizer (F 3 ) was more effective in varieties with more seedhardness; In this case application of level three of fertilizer (F 3 ) in Beloudo variety was more positive than other varieties. By increasing time of harvest percentage of seed germination was increased until third harvesting time (T 3 ) and after that reduced. Level two (F 2 ) and three (F 3 ) of micro fertilizer had a same effect on seeds that harvested in second harvesting time (T 2 ). Application of level three of fertilizer (F 3 ) was more effective on seeds that harvested in three harvesting time (T 3 ). Application level three of fertilizer (F 3 ) on seeds in middle part of the plant produced more seed germination.

2025, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

The experiment was carried out in vegetable Research Farm

2025, Bioplantae

Low soil fertility is one of the main factors responsible for low productivity of tomato in Jambi Province. Soil fertility can be presumably enhanced by organic and inorganic fertilizers application. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers combination on plant growth and yield. One of the liquid organic fertilizer that commonly used is Hantu organic fertilizer. The research design was Randomized Block design, the treatment is organic fertilizer Hantu combined with various doses of inorganic fertilizers, 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer + 0.0 % of inorganic fertilizers, 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer + 25.0 % of inorganic fertilizers, 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer + 50.0 % of inorganic fertilizers, 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer + 75.0 % of inorganic fertilizers, 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer + 100% of inorganic fertilizers and 0.0 ppm of organic fertilizers +100% of inorganic fertilizers. Variables measured were plant height, plant dry weight, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, percentage of flowers become fruit, and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that application of 2000 ppm of organic fertilizer and 75.0 % of inorganic fertilizers showed the best growth and yield of tomato plants.

2025, International Journal of Chemical Studies

Cucumber is a portentous cucurbitaceous vegetable, valued for its nutritive cum medicinal properties. Its production potential relies upon numerous factors, and can easily be augmented by manipulating them, therefore a field experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of pinching and PGRs on yield characters of cucumber cv. Gujarat Cucumber-1 using various pinching and PGRs treatments. The experiment was arranged over 15 treatment combinations comprising of 3 levels of pinching (P0: no pinching, P1: pinching at 4th node and P2: pinching at 6th node) and 5 levels of PGRs (G0: control, G1: CCC @ 200 ppm, G2: CCC @ 400 ppm, G3: ethrel @ 300 ppm and G4: ethrel @ 600 ppm) laid out in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial concept) with three replications. The pinching treatment and the PGRs application individually significantly influenced the yield parameters such as the average length of fruit, number of fruits per vine, yield per vine and yield per hectare, but both failed to manifest any evident effect on the average fruit weight. Pinching at 6 th node and higher doses of both ethrel and CCC had significantly enhanced most of the yield characters. The interaction effect of pinching and PGRs failed to exhibit any significant effect for all the characters studied.

2025, International Journal of Chemical Studies

2025, Defence Life Science Journal

Plastic mulches are used nowadays to significantly increase crop yield due to ease of use, transportation, and storability. The main objective and aim of this investigation is to examine the role of colored plastic mulch on growth, quality, and yield attributing traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the central Himalayan region. The field experiment contained mulches in red, black, yellow, silver, and a no mulch control from Oct 2019 to Feb 2020. Red plastic mulch improved growth, yield, and quality attributing characters compared to other mulches and control. Red mulched treatment maintained better soil moisture and better soil temperature (up to 6 °C) compared to control and other colored mulches. The yield of tomatoes ranged from 13.49 to 20.27 kg.m-2 with the maximum under red plastic mulch. A yield increase of 29.72 to 50.25 % was achieved using mulch as compared to control. The plant growth, quality, and flowering attributing traits also exhibited superiority under mulching over control with red mulch showing the best effect. Tomato fruits harvested from red mulch treatment exhibited the highest value of quality parameters such as TSS (5.20 °B), lycopene content (5.59 mg/100g), ascorbic acid content (16.86 mg/100g), and carotenoid content (3.51 mg/g FW).

2025, The Pharma Innovation Journal

Different parameters were estimated to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in F3 population of four crosses viz., cross-1 (VRG-24 x VRG-13), cross-2 (Swarna Manjari x Arka Prasan), cross-3 (Swarna Manjari x VRG-16) and (Arka Prasan x VRG-16). The analysis of variance indicated the prevalence of sufficient genetic variation among the genotypes from all the characters studied. The high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for node of first male flower, node of first female flower, number of male flowers per vine, sex ratio, fruit set percentage, average fruit weight, rind thickness, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per vine and fruit yield per vine. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for node of first male flower, node of first female flower, number of male flowers per vine, number of female flowers per vine, sex ratio, fruit set percentage, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, rind thickness, flesh thickness, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per vine and fruit yield per vine indicating these characters are governed by additive gene action. Hence, direct selection may be followed for the improvement of ridge gourd for these characters.

2025, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 59 Issue 4 (April 2025)

Background: In Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh long duration varieties of pigeonpea (160-180 days) is grown during rabi under rainfed conditions. Late or advancement of north east monsoon, prolonged breaks and early cessation of rainfall may have devastating effects on pigeonpea yield in rainfed areas of Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh even if the mean annual rainfall is normal. In this context, there is a need for introduction of suitable super early varieties of pigeonpea which are ideal even under changing climatic situations, with suitable crop geometry to enhance the yields of pigeonpea. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Station, Podalakur, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore andhra Pradesh, to find out the suitable super early variety of pigeonpea and their response to different crop geometries. The present field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 4 varieties of pigeonpea (V 1 :

2025, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Micronutrient deficiencies are not only hampering crop productivity but also deteriorating fruit quality. The present investigation was undertaken with the main objective to study the effect of soil application of zinc in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) @ 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1) on the growth and quality parameters in greenhouse conditions at UAS (B), Bangalore, Karnataka. The experiment was conducted in Factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three replication and 15 locations with varied zinc fertility levels. Zinc application increased the plant growth and quality parameters. Among the all treatments maximum plant growth and quality parameters were achieved by the Zn application at 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 along with RDF and the lowest performance was recorded in the control treatment. The results of this study suggest that soil application of zinc at 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 along with RDF in all the zinc fertility levels of the soils significantly increased plant height,...

2025, Legume Research, Volume 48 Issue 4 (April 2025)

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil seed crops. It is nutritionally and economically a high value oil seed crop and is in the sixth most important in the world. It is also known as a "Wonder legume". Methods: Based on the physical parameters the peanut varieties were classified as high oil content (50-53%) varieties viz., VRI (Gn) 5, Co(Gn)4, Co7 and low oil content (44-49%). varieties viz., VRI 9, VRI10, BSR 2. Among the varieties, the best suited variety for secondary processed products namely, salted peanuts, peanut chikki, peanut butter, peanut chutney powder, masala peanut were assessed and evaluated for the nutrient composition and sensory evaluation. Result: All the varieties exhibited good source of protein, fat, crude fiber. free fatty acid and peroxide value and confirmed to the FSSAI standards. Developed secondary processed product has excellent keeping quality. scored maximum sensory score in terms of organoleptic attributes. The higher oil content peanut varieties are recommended for oil extractionand the varieties with oil content below 50% are well suited for secondary processed products. This paper gives the detailed report of choosing the suitable groundnut variety for different secondary processing. Training cum demonstration on selecting suitable variety for different processing was imparted to the farmers in improving the value chain and to get good returns. However, a diversity of value adding options are being promoted for adoption by farmers to sustainably improve and raise farmers' household incomes livelihoods.

2025, Sarhad Journal of …

The present research work was conducted at the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad to evaluate the effect of growth regulators (NAA and BAP) on growth and yield components of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)... more

2025

The experiment was conducted in Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia to study the effect of soil and foliar applications of nitrogen+potassium fertilizer on waterleaf shoot (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) physiological aspect and production. A randomized complete block design was used with 3 replications and 4 treatments. The treatments were different rates of N+K for soil application with or without foliar application, they were 100% N+K rates of soil application (150 kg urea + 150 kg KCl/ha); 100, 75, and 50% N+K rates of soil application added with foliar application of 0.2% urea and 0.1% KCl. Fertilizers were applied on soil on 0, 30, and 60 days after planting, while foliar applications were conducted on 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after planting. The result showed that the highest production of waterleaf shoot were produced by 100% soil application of N+K at 75 days after planting (117.04 g/plant); chlorophyll and sugar content was not influenced by all the treatments in vegetative fase.

2025, Journal of Krishi Vigyan 131

A field experiment was conducted at the Vegetable research farm, Khanaura of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 with three phyto-harmones in varying concentrations viz., Ethrel (100, 200, 300 ppm), Indole acetic acid
(100, 150, 200 ppm) and Gibberellic acid (20, 40, 60 ppm) to enhance the production potential and reproductive behavior of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria M.) variety Punjab Komal. The experimental results showed that foliar spray of ethrel @ 300 ppm observed to be significantly better than control for reproductive characteristics viz., number of pistillate flowers/vine, days to first fruit harvest, fruit set percentage, lowered sex: ratio, furthermore, the exogenous application of gibberellic acid @ 60 ppm increased vine length at maturity and number of staminate flowers/vine. The yield attributing traits i.e., fruit weight, number of fruits as well as total yield/plant had also improved with ethrel @ 300 ppm. Therefore, it may be concluded that spray of the ethrel @300 ppm at 2 true leaf stage and superimposed at 4 true leaf stage can be recommended to enhance number of female flowers in bottle gourd ultimately producing early and higher fruit yield.

2025, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 59 Issue 3 (March 2025)

Background: Capsicum annuum L., popularly known as bell pepper, sweet pepper and shimla mirch, is a vegetable crop in the Solanaceae family. Because of its various nutritional benefits, capsicum is ranked one of the healthiest vegetables; therefore desire for this is expanding every day. Through its importance and market requirement in consideration, a study was conducted to assess the impact of planting methods, mulches and NAA treatment on bell pepper growth, yield and economics. Methods: The study was performed at Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif seasons of year 2017-18 and 2018-19 (two years). The experiment was laid out in arandomized block design with three replications comprising twelve treatments. Result: Study revealed that T 3 yielded maximum (384.69 q/ha) as well as recorded maximum values of gross return (Rs. 577,035.00/-), net return Rs. 3,52,416.93/-and comparatively less B:C ratio (1:57). Meanwhile, T 1 recorded 77.80% control in weed population and have maximum (64.12%) efficiency to control emerging weeds as compared to T 12 .

2025, Legume Research, Volume 48 issue 2 (February 2025)

Background: Moth bean is an important dry land crop, requires less water and external input for their cultivation. Even though it has great importance, moth bean cultivation is ignored as minimum attention by the farmers. The major reasons for the low productivity of moth bean was the lack of adoption of improved production technologies and non-availability of high yielding variety seeds, timely guidance from village extension workers. Hence, it is imperative to improve the productivity of moth bean through demonstrations under rain-fed conditions. Methods: With the aims to improve the livelihood of farmers and crop diversification, the field demonstrations of the moth bean variety TMV 1 with integrated crop management practices were conducted by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Villupuram. To improve the productivity of moth bean and farmers income through field demonstrations with improved production technologies compared to groundnut cultivation as farmers practice under rainfed condition. Result: Results on package-wise cost (ha-1) for three years average incurred for land preparation Rs. 9300, Seed cost Rs. 2400, weed management Rs. 9000, plant protection Rs. 8500 and harvesting cost was Rs.15000. The cost of plant protection and harvesting costs are same for moth bean and groundnut and remaining costs are varied for both crops. The yield was 1595 kgs.h-1 , gross income Rs. 130000, cost of cultivation Rs. 46,400, net income Rs. 83,700 and benefit-cost ratio Rs. 2.80. The average cost of cultivation for groundnut cultivation (farmers practice) for the three years is Rs. 76,300; gross income Rs. 1,43,000 and net income Rs. 66,700. Hence, moth bean cultivation proved to be better economically than groundnut cultivation in the rainfed ecosystem of Tamil Nadu, contributing to crop diversification and improved livelihood of farming communities.

2025

Moringa oleifera, generally alluded to as the Drumstick tree, is a flexible plant commended for its uncommon nourishing, restorative, and horticultural advantages. Local to districts across Asia, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, all aspects of the tree is plentiful in fundamental supplements, including nutrients, minerals, proteins, and dietary fiber, alongside bioactive mixtures like flavonoids and carotenoids. Its therapeutic properties incorporate cancer prevention agent, antidiabetic, antifungal, mitigating, and anticancer exercises. Generally, Moringa has been utilized to treat sicknesses like asthma, weakness, and stomach related messes. Regardless of its advantages, the plant presents likely dangers, including hypersensitive responses and cooperations with specific meds, especially antihypertensives and anti-infection agents. In horticulture, Moringa is an important asset for upgrading crop yields through its biofertilizer and biopesticide properties, while filling in as a wellspring of plant supplements. Development rehearses range from seed engendering to vegetative cuttings, with flexibility to different cultivating frameworks. This audit features Moringa's diverse applications, underscoring its importance in nourishment, medication, and feasible cultivating.

2025, Plant Perspectives

This essay aims at unravelling Soviet and post-Soviet livelihoods and landscapes by looking at plant entanglements. It is about my own journey as an anthropologist and about leitmotifs I encountered across the post-Soviet space in almost... more

2025

Pretendeu-se com este trabalho verificar as diferenças em termos de produtividade e qualidade de três cultivares (cvs.) de tomate para indústria (Rio Grande, CXD 187 e CXD 204), aplicando o método de produção biológico (normas estabelecidas no Regulamento (CEE) nº 2092/91) e o de produção convencional. Os frutos produzidos pelo método de produção biológico apresentaram maior resistência ao transporte e manipulação, embora a produtividade tenha sido mais baixa. Palavras chave: cultivares de tomate, produção biológica e convencional, qualidade do fruto. O tomate de ar livre é uma cultura regada com interesse no Alentejo, particularmente nos perímetros regados das barragens do Caia, do Divor, do Mira, de Odivelas , do Roxo e das regiões limítrofes do rio Sado (Alvalade do Sado e Alcácer do Sal) e poderá vir a ter grande importância na zona de influência da barragem do Alqueva. Nesta região são escassos os estudos ou ensaios realizados com esta cultura, pelo que são utilizadas as técnicas culturais e as variedades estudadas no Ribatejo.

2025

Projecto no 347 - Centro Hortofruticola - Accao 8.1 do PO AGRO. Instituto Politecnico de Beja. Escola Superior Agraria, 2004

2025

This research study was conducted during season 2006/07 at New Halfa Agricultural Production Corporation (an irrigated Agricultural scheme in Eastern Sudan). To evaluate the technical efficiency of groundnut production by using stochastic frontier production function. The results indicated that the mean production technical efficiency was 70%. This shows that there is a scope for increasing groundnut production by 30%, with the present level of inputs and technology. Also, the result depicted Â that the irrigation numbers, tenancy location, weeding, labour and farm income were the most important factors that determining production technical efficiency, whereas the extension, agricultural credit had significant effects on tenantsâ€™ technical inefficiency of groundnut production. To improve groundnut production technical efficiency, the study recommended usage of herbicides, introduce of high yield varieties, cleaning and maintenance of irrigation canals.

2025, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Twelve varieties of Chrysanthemum, namely Bidhan Madhuri, Bidhan Purna, HYDC-2, HYDC-4, HYDC-8, Plants and Seeds Choice, Red Gold, Red Stone, Shova, Silper White, Silper Yellow, Bidhan Swapna were evaluated with the aim to identify suitable cultivar for pot mum under Hyderabad conditions during the year 2018-2019 at Floricultural Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The results revealed that in the flowering parameters, the cultivars Red Gold (41.60 days) recorded minimum days for visible flower bud formation whereas, cultivar Silper White (91.00 days) was late to form flower buds. Number of days taken for 50 percent flowering varied from 81.40 days (Red Gold) to 97.8 days (Bidhan Madhuri). Among all cultivars the number of days from planting to flowering was earlier in Bidhan Purna (92.47 days) and number of flowers per plant ranged from Silper White (6.33) to HYDC-2 (23.07). Cultivars HYDC-2 (23.07), HYDC-4 (20.27), Red Stone (19.25), Bidhan Madhuri (17.87) and Red Gold (16.27) recorded appreciable number of flowers. Among the quality attributes, flower diameter ranged from 2.75 cm (Plants and seeds choice ) to 6.35 (Silper White), number of ray florets ranged from 42.00 (HYDC-8) to 255.93 (Red Stone) and duration of flowering ranged from 14.13 days (HYDC-4) to 24.73 days (Bidhan Swapna) and flower longevity on plant ranged from 13.60 days ( Bidhan Purna) to 24.87 days (Bidhan Madhuri). Based on the flowering attributes the highest pot presentability score was observed in HYDC-2 (54 out of 60) followed by Red Stone (51 out of 60) and Red Gold (50.33 out of 60).

2025

In India, malnutrition and poor health is a common problem in rural areas which retards growth, increases the vulnerability and duration of illness, reduces work output and slows down social and mental development. Nutrition garden is a structured model with a multiple crops suited to all the seasons. The present study has been undertaken to assess the effect of nutrition garden in respect of nutrition and economy of the farm families of Golaghat and Sivasagar district of Assam. All total 20 households were selected through purposive sampling technique by screening households based on their willingness and interest to establish nutrition garden in an area of 200 m 2 . Unavailability of quality seed material and lack of technical knowledge is the major constraints while availability of water for irrigation ranked second and lack of technical knowledge ranked third constraint in establishing nutrition garden. Demonstration of nutrition garden resulted in increase in homestead vegetable production and consumption of excess vegetables. After intervention, production of vegetables at beneficiary's level increased up to 151.97 per cent resulting in its increased consumption (41.12 %). Per capita availability of nutrients/day also increased significantly after intervention. Demonstration had positive effect on making availability of more nutrients (such as 2.37% protein, 34.29% iron, 19.57% calcium, 34.28% betacarotene, 177.50% vitamin C and 16.53% folic acid of RDA) to individuals. Thus, establishment of nutrition gardens had immense role in tackling the problem of malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies in rural areas.

2025, Arak University

Agriculture in a controlled environment, especially in greenhouses contributes to meet the demand of the growing population and stabilize the food supply. The residual amount of pesticides in raw agricultural crops consumed freshly is of paramount importance compared with other crops and the control of these substances is significant to maintain the consumers' health. Therefore, this study aimed to identify challenges and obstacles of healthy vegetable production in greenhouses of Fars province, Iran. This study was a qualitative research in terms of methodology, and an applied one in terms of purpose using grounded theory. The participants consisted of vegetable greenhouse farmers of Fars province and experts and specialists of related institutions (Agricultural Jihad Organization). The samples were selected purposefully employing the snowball technique in which achieved theoretical saturation by interviewing 38 ones. Reviewing and summarizing the interviews, 285 primary codes were extracted identifying in 37 categories. Accordingly, the coding pattern of the main phenomenon (not producing healthy vegetables) obtained including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. The findings revealed that not producing healthy vegetables could lead to human-social, ecological-environmental and economic consequences. Finally, based on the results, some suggestions were recommended. The results can pave the way for policy makers and planners to adopt strategies to lead greenhouse farmers to produce healthy vegetables as well as facilitates the acceptance of such products.

2025, HardwareX

An alternative food production system using hydroponics is proposed to grow vegetables in a controlled environment that is implementable in space. The proposed system is an autonomous, modular, scalable, and soilless food production platform (ASFP) that can be installed in a spacecraft by meeting requirements and constraints set by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A suite of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors was used to monitor indoor climate as well as water quality in ASFP. Average values of air temperature and relative humidity in the environmentally-controlled room are maintained between 20-24 • C and 48-62 %, while water quality components, including dissolved oxygen (DO, ppm), electrical conductivity (EC, µS/ m), pH, and water temperature (WT, Celsius) are monitored by the IoT sensor in real-time during the growing period. Repeated measure analysis is also performed to evaluate the plant growth performance. The result indicates that plant growth is attributed significantly to pH and EC values. A real-time data visualization and sharing platform is another avenue for the space farming ecosystem in the years to come.

2025, Agricultural Science

The agronomic response of four tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties to fertilizer application was examined at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kwadaso-Kumasi in the Forest agro-ecological zone of Ghana during the 2013 growing season. The four tomato varieties Shasta, Heinz, CRI POO and CRI 034 were evaluated on five different fertilizer types using a split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The Tomato varieties were the main plots, with the fertilizer treatments as the subplots. The CSIR-CRI breeding lines (CRI P00 and CRI P034) were able to yield higher than the exotic varieties. Using Winner fertilizer (6 g/plant at two weeks after transplanting (WAT) ) and Sulfan (3 g/plant at 4 WAT) CRI P00 produced the highest yield (26.4 t/ha) followed by chicken manure (250 g/plant at 2 and 4 WAT) (23.1 t/ha). CRI P00 with Winner + Sulfan fertilizer application also produced significantly (p≤0.05) higher fruit yield (26.4 t/ha). Fertilizer application however did not have any significant effect on the days to flowering over the control.Fertilizer application however, increased the number of branching for the tomato plants with Unik15 + Urea having significantly more branches compared to the control. Results from this study showed that tomato yields in the Forest zones in Ghana can be increased using improved varieties and recommended fertilizer rates.

2025, Legume Research, Volume 48 Issue 1 (January 2025) : 183-189

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the tropics is threatened by heavy incidence of anthracnose disease causing substantial crop loss when infected at the early growth stages. Breeding strategies for enhanced... more

2025, Indian Journal of Horticulture

The suitability of leading carrot cvs. for cultivation under the hot and humid tropical plains of Kerala state was assessed. Sixteen cvs., including nine tropical varieties, two temperate varieties and five temperate hybrids, were evaluated. All tropical cvs. initiated bolting in 58.5 (Punjab Black Beauty) to 112.0 (CR29) days after sowing, whereas none of the temperate varieties bolted. Bolting per cent was low in 'Pusa Vrishti', 'Pusa Asita' and 'CR29', at 5.5, 7.5 and 8.5 %, respectively. Varieties 'Early Nantes' and 'Pusa Yamdagni' had smaller tops with 34.0 and 34.5 cm height and 5.1 and 6.2 leaves, respectively. 'Pusa Nayanjyoti', 'CR29', and Kuroda cvs. had maximum root length. In contrast, root width was highest in 'Pusa Vrishti', 'Pusa Rudhira', and Kuroda cvs. had maximum root length. In contrast, root width was highest in 'Pusa Vrishti', 'Pusa Rudhira', and 'Pusa Kesar'. In October planting, root weight was highest in 'Pusa Nayanjyoti', 'Pusa Rudhira', and 'Super Kuroda'. In contrast, in the November planting, it was highest in 'Pusa Nayanjyoti', 'Pusa Rudhira', 'Pusa Vrishti', and Kuroda cvs.. Due to extensive early bolting, root yield in 'Punjab Black Beauty' was the lowest in both seasons. Incidence of bacterial soft rot was highest in Kuroda types and 'Pusa Vrishti', and it was lowest in 'Punjab Black Beauty', 'Pusa Yamdagni', 'Pusa Nayanjyoti' and 'Pusa Asita'. Organoleptic analysis of the taste of freshly harvested roots has given the maximum score for 'Pusa Vrishti' and 'Pusa Asita' followed by 'Pusa Nayanjyoti'. This study has shown that temperate cvs. have to be chosen for cultivation in hot and humid tropical plains, and among the cvs. evaluated, 'Pusa Nayanjyoti' was the most promising.

2025, Ebisa Olika

Background: In Ethiopia, particularly in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, there are numerous underutilized plants like figl (Raphanus sativus), girgir (Eruca sativa) and karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa) which are cultivated and consumed only by the local communities. However, information on production practices, postharvest handling, and utilization trends of these plants is limited. Objective: Assess the production, handling, and utilization pattern of figl, girgir, and karkade in the Benshangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional household survey was used to collect primary data from 274 producers and 30 users using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20.0) software package. Results: The results showed that about 46% of farmers produce figl and girgir for food, medicine, and income generation. More than half of the farmers produce karkade for beverage and medicine. About 93% of the respondents showed that, edible parts of figl and girgir could attain commercial maturity within 15-35 days. However, calyces of karkade takes 121-150 days. Most of the farmers consume leaves and roots of figl and leaves of girgir as local salads while 84.31% use dried calyces of karkade for making a beverage. About 94% of the farmers allocated less than 0.25 hectares of land for the production of figl and girgir while 81% of them allocated this amount of land for the production of karkade. The majority (80%) of them are not getting extension services for the production of figl, girgir and karkade, and 53% lament that there is no market linkage for these crops. Conclusions: Figl and girgir play significant roles in mitigating food insecurity because they reach commercial maturity within a short period and the possibility of cropping about five cycles throughout the year, particularly in marginal lands with agronomic practices accessible to farmers. Therefore, future research should incorporate packages of farming technology including propagating the crops at research centers, adaptation trial across different agro-ecology, improving of agronomic practices, variety registration and promotion.

2025

The experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Research Institute, Dr. YSRHU, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate yield and its component characters of thirty one brinjal genotypes during Krarif season. Fruit yield per plant showed positive and significant association with number of leaves per plant, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and total number of harvests at phenotypic and genotypic correlation levels, and thus these characters were identified as component characters on which selection can be relied upon for genetic improvement of brinjal. The path analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight had high direct effect on fruit yield per plant, while the remaining characters had high negligible to low indirect effect through other component characters. Therefore, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight are the reliable characters for the improvement of brinjal. All the thirty one genotypes of brinjal were grouped in to six clusters using Ward's method by adopting Mahalanobis D 2 (1936) analysis concept. The maximum contribution towards total genetic divergence was from average fruit length. Intra cluster distance was maximum between cluster I and V. Intra cluster distance was maximum between III and V. Therefore, genotypes in I, IV, III and V with high per se performance could be utilized in different breeding programmes.

2025

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a vital crop, yet its growth and sprouting at the green stage can be significantly influenced by nutrient availability, which poses a challenge for optimizing yield and quality. The present research was carried out in 2022-2023 at the Nursery Department of Horticulture, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, to assess the sprouting and growth of garlic (Allium sativum L.) at green stage under various nutrients. The experimental trial was carried out in complete randomization (CRD) with three replications. Two varieties, a Chinese and a local (Desi) (Desi) variety, were grown in the pots. Macronutrients used as treatments included N1 (control). N2 = NPK+TE (trace elements) 2 g, L -1 . N3 = Calcium Nitrate 0.5g, L -1 and N4 = NPK+TE 2g, L -1 + Calcium Nitrate 0.5g, L -1 . The results of the present studies showed a statistically significant difference for treatments and nutrient combinations. Best results for all observations were noted in plants supplied with NPK+TE 2g L -1 that had maximum plant height 55.83 cm, leaves plant -1 6.83, leaf length 47.66 cm, leaf weight 8.96g, plant weight 13.20g, neck thickness 6.55mm, root weight 2.68g, and root depth 19.83cm. Fallow control plant height 41.00cm leaves plant -1 5.00, leaf length 31.00cm, leaves weight 4.73g, plant weight 7.61g, neck thickness 3.51mm, root weight 1.46g and root depth 12.00cm. In between varieties the Chinese had maximum plant height 54.66cm, leaves plant -1 7.00, leaf length 45.00cm, leaves weight 10.04g, plant weight 10.99g, neck thickness 8.26mm, root weight 2.81g and root depth 22.00cm. Based on nutrients, the Chinese variety of garlic performed better growth at the green stage than the local (Desi) variety of garlic. The findings of this study show that nutrient N2 = NPK+TE (Trace Elements) 2g L -1 had better results for all parameters, and all results were statistically significant.

2025, Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture

The present study on the “Effect of integrated nutrient management on flowering, postharvest life and xanthophyll content of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda” was conducted during 2021-2022 at the College of... more

2025, Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture

ABSTRACT Cluster Frontline Demonstration (CFLD) is a unique approach to demonstrate the production potential of newly released technologies on the farmers’ fields. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, LAM, Guntur conducted the Cluster Frontline... more

2025, Acta Scientific Nutritional Health

Over a period of three decades, from inception in 1987 to 2018, the Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) collected and conserved about 11081 accessions of 89 crops in its gene bank. Cucumber germplasm accounts for 241 of these accessions. The genetic diversity of 33 cucumber germplasm that included 27 newly collected and 06 genebank accessions was assessed based on morphological traits in a study conducted in the research field of PGRC, BARI, Gazipur, during March-July 2017. Genebank accessions having viability below 85% and/or seed stock below the required amount were selected for the study. Eleven qualitative and ten quantitative traits were characterized. We used the Pearson's chi-squared (x 2 ) test to study the distribution of traits and the Shannon Weaver Diversity Index (H´) to measure the extent of variability of each trait. The distribution of traits showed that the germplasm was dominated by an oblong fruit shape with spiny skin texture, light green fruit skin at table maturity and brown fruit skin at physiological maturity. The CV values of fruit length (35.72%), fruit weight (18.33%), number of fruit/plant (31.93%) and individual fruit weight (35.14%) represented a preponderance of high variation of the characters. High diversities were noticed for all the four fruit traits (H´= 0.75-0.87). H´ values validated the results of the x 2 test and percent CV. Weaker diversity indices (0.21) were obtained in traits days to male initiation as well as pistillate flowers initiation of germplasm collected from Dhaka. Findings of this study revealed that the cucumber germplasm from Khagrachari and Jashore are potential candidates for improvement in fruit weight while that from Gazipur are marked by earliness and bearing habit. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), commonly known as "shosha" in Bengali, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae [16,33]. It is a traditional vegetable of Bangladesh with great nutritional, medicinal and economic potential. It is open pollinated, propagated by seeds, the same plant bears male and female flowers that favors cross pollination and allows for greater genetic diversity (GD). Since the beginning of systematic plant breeding, natural variability and divergence among crops have been extensively studied and used in the improvement of crop species. In the context of global climate change and associated unforeseen events it may serve as the reservoir of many novel traits conferring tolerance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Diversity in plant is shaped more strongly in space and time by climate variables across the geographic gradient through the adaptation processes [42]. However, with the progress of time, natural variability of cucumber in Bangladesh plummeted due to lopsided breeding practices focusing on improvement of yield and its component traits, frequent use of a few selected genotypes as parents in varietal development programs and introduction of a few outstanding lines in many countries resulting in an increased genetic similarity among modern crop cultivars. The plant Genetic Resource Centre (PGRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has been engaged in the collection and conservation of diverse crop germplasm including that of cucumber for future crop improvement programs. At present, PGRC has more than 11081 accessions of 38 crops including 241 of cucumber [2]. During the germplasm collection season of 2017-18, PGRC collected 139 more cucumber germplasm and worked for their characterization and field evaluation [20]. Conservation of genetic diversity in a plant genetic resources (PGR) program provides tools for monitoring population and conservation planning. The

2025, Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences

Herbal plants are a wide range of wild and cultivated varieties that
have been used for different purposes since ancient times. They were
used in ancient Egyptian civilization (Pharaonic era) in traditional
medicine as a medicine for different illnesses and daily food as a part
of the daily mail, in addition to their use as cosmetics such as henna
(Lawsonia inermis) [1].
Until now, the peoples of ancient civilizations have used herbal
plants in traditional medicine, such as in Egypt, Iraq, China, and
India. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids,
volatile oils, phenols, glycosides, and many other compounds that
provide many health benefits and contribute to the recovery from
many diseases, in addition, they improve health, support traditional
medicine, create livelihoods, and drive economic growth.

2025, Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the pathogen of tomato wilt, a disease of great economic importance worldwide. Although application of synthetic fungicides such as thiophanate methyl and mancozeb can prevent the occurrence of this disease, their effects on the physical environment especially, is a limiting factor. Botanicals, i.e. plantbased fungicides are now being preffered for controlling fungal pathogens because they have minimal environmental impact and are less dangerous to consumers in contrast to synthetic fungicides. Teak leaves have been reported to possess a very great antimicrobial activity because of their high content of phytochemicals. In an effort to develop eco-friendly chemical strategy for control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants, in vitro effect of 10, 30 and 50% (w/v) concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on the radial growth of the mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was investigated using the pour plate method. Results of the study revealed that both extracts retarded the radial growth of mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici compared to that of the control, with the ethanolic extract having a greater effect at the concentrations tested in this study. It is therefore recommended that an in vivo study of effects of the same leaf extracts on wilt – infected tomato plants be conducted.

2024, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

This study investigates the effects of bio-fertilizer and foliar nutrient applications on the growth and morphology of eggplants (Solanum melongena). Using a split-plot experimental design, three levels of bio-fertilizer (0, 1, and 2 kg/fed) and three concentrations of a foliar nutrient compound (Aquacool) (0, 1, and 2 cm/L) were applied. Key growth parameters—plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry leaf weight, and chlorophyll content—were measured, as these indicators reflect overall plant health and development. The results reveal that bio-fertilizer significantly enhances growth metrics, with the highest levels observed at 2 kg/fed. The findings underscore the role of bio-fertilizers in sustainable agriculture, as they not only promote crop yield and quality but also contribute to soil health, presenting a viable alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers. This research offers valuable insights into sustainable practices for improved eggplant cultivation.