Imperial Russia Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE

The article discusses political processes in post-Soviet Russia from the perspective of the multiple modernities theory. A study of Russia's political transformation on the basis of this approach allows us to reconsider the obstacles to democratization that existed in the 1990s and the socio-cultural preconditions for de-democratization in the 2000s. The author draws on Johann Arnason's analysis of the Soviet model of modernity. From this perspective the Soviet model possessed only some civilizational traits and did not lead to a sustainable civilizational pattern. Nevertheless, remnants of that model and the imperial legacy of the Soviet period influenced Russian politics of the last two decades. The dynamics of democratization and de-democratization in Russia represent a case of path dependency which is both post-communist and post-imperial.

2025

LE TURKESTAN RUSSE S gravures dans le texte, / carte hors te;;te 16 planches de reproductions photographiques /rtJ/'5 texte ^mm^ ^-;;^ I LIBRAIRIE ARMAND COLIN io3, Boulevard saint-michel, PARIS Tous droits de reproductiOD, de traduction et d'adaptation réservés pour toae pays. < PRÉFACE C'est en 1912 que je passai quatre mois et demi (du l^'" mai à la mi-septembre) au Turkestan russe. Je m'intéressais depuis longtemps au pays, que je connaissais par de nombreuses lectures et par des personnes qui y avaient séjourné. Mon voyage en fut beaucoup facilité. Partout je fus reçu parfaitement; tous les Russes avec lesquels je fus en relations, depuis le Gouverneur Général jusqu'aux employés subalternes, plusieurs autres personnes, étrangères à l'Administration, contribuèrent au succès de mon voyage, qui me laissa le souvenir le plus agréable. Quant aux indigènes, la brièveté de mon séjour et mon ignorance de leurs langues m'empêchèrent d'avoir avec eux des rapports suivis. Tant de personnes se sont mises obligeamment à ma disposition, qu'il m'est impossible de les nommer ; je ne puis cependant passer sous silence mon compa-A. WoEiKûF. -Le Turkestan Russe. L'Alaï est le gradin inférieur du plateau du Pamir, situé au noeud des plus hautes montagnes de la terre. On discute encore sur l'origine du mot, et l'ancienne Cliohi-W. N. Taganzrr. A. -GLACIER DE KEREÏ (iJlSTIUCT d"aNDI.JAX. FERGHANa) Cliché W. ^. Tai:.iiize 'IC BAOUBACH-ATA IDISTRICT d'aNBIJAX. FERGHAXa) A. WoEiKOF. -Turkestan russe. LE TURKESTAN RUSSE les sels nécessaires à la végétation. A sa richesse chimique s'ajoutent d'excellentes conditions physiques. Aussi sa fertilité est-elle proverbiale. Certes, il n'est pas inépuisable, et les agriculteurs Sartes et Tadjiks le savent bien. Le loess n'est pas seulement un sol et un engrais : il sert aussi à bâtir des maisons et à édifier des talus de clôture. CHAPITRE 111 LE CLIMAT Différences de température dues à l'altitude et à la latitude. Tableau des températures moyennes. -Climat continental, grandes amplitudes annuelles dans les plaines et sur le Pamir. Hiver froid, été chaud au Nord. -L'été des plaines du Sud plus chaud qu'à l'équateur. Possibilité de culture de plantes annuelles subtropicales, mais non d'arbres des pays chauds. Température nocturne très basse au fond des vallées. Exemples. Faible nébulosité et abondance de soleil. Conditions favorables pour le coton et les fruits. -Prédominance des vents Nord et Est dans la plaine. Vents de montagne. -Le Ferghana. Les pluies et neiges. Faible chute en plaine. Disette de pluie en été. Le printemps beaucoup plus pluvieux que l'automne, la montagne que la plaine. Maxima quotidiens. Rareté des pluies. -La poussière. Quand tombent les plus grandes quantités de neiges dans les montagnes. Condensation de la vapeur d'eau au contact des neiges et des glaces. Un pays aussi vaste que le Turkestan, s'étendant depuis le 35° 1/2 jusqu'au 47° 1/2 de latitude nord, composé de plaines, de montagnes et de plateaux, doit être soumis à des climats fort différents. La température surtout varie. La moyenne annuelle est au-dessus de 16° dans les plaines du Mourghab et le sud du klianat de Boukhara, et au-dessous de -1° sur le plateau du Pamir. Elle est naturellement de beaucoup inférieure sur les hauts sommets. Si nous admettons une diminution de 0°,55 par 100 mètres, la moyenne annuelle Sahara, de l'Iran. Telle est la cause de la salinité de l'Atlantique nord, supérieure à celle des autres océans. Cf.

2025, Экономическая история

Раскладочные перечни не так точно отражают крестьянский доход, как хотелось бы, поэтому, хотя мы по ходу статьи мы и оперировали цифрами с обычной для работ такого рода точностью (до тысячных долей), при общей оценке имеет смысл огрубить данные до десятых долей. Это достаточно для того, чтобы оценить место полученных цифр в ряду разных эпох и народов.
Полученные нами значения индекса Джини в целом укладываются в диапазон от 0,3 до 0,5, причём расчёт на основе цифр из источника (раскладочные перечни) даёт значения от 0,3 до 0,4, а сдвиг интервала на одну десятую вверх (от 0,4 до 0,5) происходит при очистке этих данных от подушевой составляющей податных раскладок. Нет уверенности, какой из двух интервалов (0,3–04 или 0,4–0,5) более правильно описывает действительность. Но в любом случае эти цифры означают, что неравенство в наших селениях оказалось не так низко, как предполагали некоторые участники обсуждения, и выше, чем в странах, служащих для начала XXI в. эталоном общественной справедливости, но ниже, чем самые высокие показатели, известные экономической истории.

2025, Центральная Азия в эпоху средневековья и нового времени: общество, культура, тексты/New Explorations into the medieval and modern history of Central Asia. Festschrift for Professor Dilorom Alimova.

A review article on recent historiographical controversies surrounding the 'Jadids', or Muslim reformers in colonial Turkestan.

2025

This paper explores the ambiguous representations of love in early modern iconography and literary texts such as the fable "L'Amour et la folie" by Jean de La Fontaine.

2025

The Northwest Coast tribes were divided into three groups: the northern (Tlingit, Tsimshian, and Haida), central (Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Bella-Coola), and southern (Coast, Salish, and Chinook). The northern tribes had a matrilineal clan... more

2025, East-West Cultural Passage

This article aims to explore the transformative potential of community-specific Indigenous theatre in reshaping socio-political and ecological landscapes, with reference to Alaxsxa | Alaska (2017) by Ping Chong + Company, one of the most prominent companies of the New York City theatre scene of the past fifty years. In conversation with recent theoretical and practice-oriented accounts of ecodramaturgy, the following analysis proposes: (1) to document the agenda of community engagement undergirding the play's development, production, and reception, drawing on ethnographic material; (2) to clarify its contributions to developing an Indigenized perspective on Alaska's history, with a focus on the impact of ecological disasters on its human and more-than-human worlds; and (3) to outline the afterlives of the project, particularly in and for Alaska Native communities, while reflecting on the broader implications of this legacy for contemporary ecologies of performance.

2025, Вебер М.И. К вопросу об участии полковника Н.Г. Осипова в Екатеринбургском антибольшевистском подполье 1918 г. // Вестник Оренбургского государственного педагогического университета. Электронный научный журнал. 2025. №2 (54). С. 96-122.

В статье публикуются материалы Екатеринбургской следственной комиссии по делу полковника Николая Гавриловича Осипова, служившего при советской власти начальником гарнизона г. Екатеринбурга и впоследствии арестованного белыми. Во... more

2025, Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi

The Tsarist administration launched a large-scale missionary activity in the Volga-Ural region following the occupation of the Kazan Khanate. Although coercive methods were used in the early years of this process, which was carried out as a state-church partnership, the failure to achieve the desired results led to new methods. In this context, especially the nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of new educational practices aimed at redefining the role of education within society. Under this new missionary program, two primary objectives were pursued in the Volga-Ural region. The first was to suppress the activities of Muslim communities, particularly the Tatars; the second was to prevent the Islamization of non-Russian populations by promoting their Russification and conversion to Orthodox Christianity. To achieve these goals, a variety of instruments were employed, including the establishment of missionary schools and societies, the provision of education in local languages accompanied by translation efforts, the comprehensive training of missionaries, and the publication of materials grounded in Orthodox doctrine. One of the publications that emerged within this scope was “Pravoslavnii Blagovestnik”. This article examines the struggle of the Russian missionary movement with the Muslim Tatars in the Russification and Christianization activities of the non-Russian peoples in Volga-Ural through the publication organ of the Russian Orthodox Missionary Society, “Pravoslavnii Blagovestnik” magazine. This study will demonstrate that the missionary program—implemented through the collaboration of the state and the Church—ultimately failed to achieve its intended goals. Instead, Tatar society, and by extension the Islamic faith, emerged as a formidable alternative in the Volga-Ural region. By exerting influence over the surrounding non-Russian populations in areas such as language, culture, education, the press, and the economy, the Tatars effectively facilitated the transformation of these communities into “Muslim Tatars”.

2025

One of the most striking dimensions of the Russian Empire's expansionist policies towards the Turkestan region was the discursive and strategic framework constructed around the practice of slavery. Throughout the long-term process extending from the 16th century to the late 19th century, the issue of Russian captives held in the Khanates of Bukhara and Khiva consistently occupied a central position in the agenda of the Russians. However, diplomatic negotiations concerning prisoner exchanges or the release of captives largely failed, paving the way for Russia to activate military options. Russia's military intervention in Turkestan was legitimized through a discourse that portrayed the Tsarist ideology and the imperial rhetoric of the period as committed to the abolition of slavery. Nevertheless, archival documents, travel accounts, and contemporary testimonies reveal that this discourse was largely based on political manipulation. Although slavery was officially abolished following the Russian domination of the Khanate of Khiva in 1873, it is evident that the slave trade and practices of captivity in the region continued for some time. For the khanates, the existence of Russian captives was not merely a matter of war booty; rather, it functioned as a strategic instrument providing negotiating superiority against Russia. This situation transformed the phenomenon of captivity from a mere economic activity into a crucial component of politics and diplomacy. On the other hand, for Russia, this issue was positioned at the very center of the argument of "humanitarian intervention" that justified its policy of conquest in Central Asia; yet in practice, it became clear that the primary motivation of this intervention did not go beyond the liberation of Russian captives. Russia did not aim for a profound transformation of the social and economic infrastructure of slavery in the region, a fact that became evident in its colonial practices. The role of the Turkmen groups in the slave trade constituted another complex dimension of this process. The entanglement of ethnic, sectarian, and economic factors in this structure not only shaped Russo-Turkestan relations but also formed an essential part of the internal dynamics between the khanates. Ultimately, the abolition of slavery in Turkestan was not so much the direct result of Russian intervention as it was the consequence of local resistance movements, internal rebellions, and broader processes of social transformation. The strategy of the Tsarist administration to present itself as a "liberator" was essentially a discursive construction that masked its imperial expansion. In this context, the question of slavery evolved into an ideological apparatus skillfully designed by Russia to legitimize its military and political expansion in Central Asia, becoming a striking example of the classical tension between imperial politics and humanitarian rhetoric.

2025, Public Orthodoxy. Orthodox Christian Studies Center, Fordham University

In recent years, the question of the meaning of war, the ways of participating in it, and the justifiable reasons for engaging in it has arisen with particular acuity within the Russianspeaking cultural and religious sphere. References to Russian religious thinkers in this context are becoming increasingly frequent. This has led me to inquire into how Russian philosophers have conceptualized war.

2025

Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson is a celebrated figure in Alaska history. He is known predominantly for his efforts facilitating the establishment of public schools for Alaska Native people during the late nineteenth century. Jackson's methods have been historically overlooked as being reform-minded initiatives characteristic of Indian assimilation. As a result, historians have concluded that Jackson was a humanitarian with benevolent intentions. Unfortunately, such assessments ignore Jackson's educational platform, which was built upon fictitious slander against indigenous people and the manipulation of Christian women. In addition to speaking tours, Jackson published many editorials, articles, and books alleging that Alaska Native people were barbarous monsters. The propaganda Jackson employed in Alaska was no different from the propaganda he used against Mormons and Native Americans. However, Jackson was maligned for his strategy in the continental United States, whereas in Alaska he was celebrated as a reformer and an authority figure due to ignorance about the northern territory. Alaska captured the public imagination, and Jackson lied about Alaska Native culture for the remainder of his career in order to maintain his Christian enterprise.

2025

2025, International scientific journal «Internauka»

The article examines the development of agriculture in Podillia province during the post-reform period from 1862 to 1872. It analyzes the main trends and changes that occurred in the agricultural sector of the region after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. The work covers climatic conditions, soil types, land cultivation technologies, crop yields, etc. The study analyzes the main aspects of agricultural activities, agricultural productivity, and the impact of reforms on agricultural products. It also pays much attention to a set of measures aimed at cultivating the soil and growing crops for harvest, agricultural productivity and changes in agricultural products, including the production of cereals, potatoes and other agricultural products.

2025, Уральский исторический вестник

Вторая статья, основанная на моей бакалаврской еще работе о "константиновцах". Статья посвящена разбору мнений современников о партии «константиновцев» во главе с великим князем Константином Николаевичем – влиятельной группировке в... more

2025

В последние десятилетия Турция значительно усилила своё политическое, военное и разведывательное присутствие на Южном Кавказе, стремясь укрепить свои позиции в регионе, исторически находившемся в сфере влияния России и Ирана. Особую роль в этой экспансии играет Национальная разведывательная организация Турции (Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MIT), которая с начала 2010-х годов трансформировалась в активно действующий инструмент внешней политики. В статье рассматриваются исторические предпосылки, цели и методы работы турецкой разведки на Южном Кавказе, а также последствия её деятельности для региональной безопасности.

2025

The paper describes the impact of war on peasantry and its mobilisation in the war effort. While observers portrayed the countryside as rich and callous towards urban shortages or waging war, the conflict accelerated social transformations in rural communities, imposed a great effort on women, and reinforced peasants’ social position on the home front. This paper underlines the effects of state intervention in the rural areas and its limits, the reactions to war strains within rural communities in 1917 and the different outcomes of the peasants’ war experiences.

2025

The spread of the radical evangelical movement in southern Russia and Ukraine by the 1880s coincided with the activities of revolutionary intellectuals, who tried to exploit the anti-state feelings of persecuted evangelicals. Some of... more

2025, Sociology International Journal (SocIntJ).

The position of the Russian Orthodox Church on the war in the Ukraine - as guardian of the unity of East Slavic nations - is analyzed here with a view to her integration of the heritage of Slavic Paganism.
I argue that its deep connection and identification with the East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian) cultures, includes the Pagan heritage, reinforcing its identity as custodian of the unity of this religious-cultural sphere, also in the political realm. Based on the Orthodox idea, developed by St. Maximos Confessor, that each nation and culture has its specific collective divine 'logos', of which the Church should be custodian, the deep identification of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Russian and the East Slavic 'land' is to be understood. The difference to the more universalist identity of Western Christianity is thus to be understood. This difference is to be acknowledged. Its implication of 'a right to differ', from the claim of Western cultures to universalism, is thus to be considered - with regard to philosophy and theology of cultures, and as its implications in the political sphere. In view of the common religious-cultural heritage and history of Russia and the Ukraine, their future relations, including their respective Orthodox Churches, may be considered, also for the time after the war.

2025, Art Logos (Искусство слова)

Мемуары Б. Н. Чичерина, которые, как и его философские труды, «пленяют прелестью изложения» (Э. Радлов), имеют высокую ценность для истории русской общественной мысли, пространством реализации которой в 1840-е годы, в условиях жесткой николаевской цензуры, стали широко посещаемые литературные салоны Москвы. Именно в салонах в острых дискуссиях славянофилов и западников «выковывалась новая русская культура» (Д. Святополк-Мирский). Чичерин-мемуарист рисует живые и яркие картины жизни десятков московских салонов, как светских, так и литературных, выделяя дома А. П. Елагиной, Е. А. Свербеевой, К. К. Павловой, М. Д. Шеппинг, превратившиеся в дискуссионные аудитории славянофилов и западников. Выразительные портреты хозяев и гостей салонов, «людей сороковых годов», созданные мемуаристом, существенно дополняют известные литературные мемуары Панаева, Анненкова, Григоровича, Кавелина, отдельные главы «Былого и дум» Герцена. В статье обобщены важнейшие свидетельства как Чичерина, так и других мемуаристов, которые обогащают наше представление о русской салонной культуре и исторически обусловленных формах ее существования.

2025, Universum: tehničeskie nauki

2025, Іван Мазепа і книга //Бібліот. вісник. – 1994. – № 3.– С. 26–28.

У студії оглянуто духовні інтереси, орієнтири гетьмана І. Мазепи як поета і книжника

2025, Tractus Aevorum: эволюция социокультурных и политических пространств

решил загрузить сюда свою историографическую статью, написанную по итогам еще бакалаврской работы о «константиновцах». сейчас уже кажется, что текст в некоторых местах весьма наивен, да и я стал куда больше понимать и про... more

2025

В статье рассматривается освоение новых культурных практик населением на примере виноторговли в Сергиевском посаде конца XVIII -начала XIX в. Демонстрируется освоение новых культурных форм досуга в сфере услуг и изменения в образе жизни. Законодательно закрепленное распределение спиртных напитков за разными типами заведений виноторговли означало одновременное закрепление за каждым типом культурных практик. Традиционная для России практика продажи простого хлебного вина без всяких закусок осуществлялась только в кабаках и питейных домах, предназначенных исключительно для простонародья (крестьян в лаптях). Специфика этой торговли предъявляла самые минимальные требования к самим помещениям, уровню обслуживания посетителей. В заведениях нового европейского типа (трактирах, гербергах) все было иначе: категория посетителей, внутреннее убранство, ассортимент напитков (алкогольных, слабоалкогольных и безалкогольных), наличие закусок, сервировка, а для развлечения -бильярд. Они были, говоря современным языком, культурно-досуговыми центрами. В повседневной жизни стремление повысить уровень продаж приводило к стиранию жестких сословных перегородок, снимало ограничения для имевших средства и желание представителей простонародья, охотно посещавших не предназначенные для них заведения. Происходило естественное освоение новых культурных практик широкими слоями населения.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Au début du XIX e siècle, un médecin vétérinaire de l'armée britan' nique en Inde, William Moorcroft (1767'1825), conçut le projet d'ac' quérir un stock de chevaux turkmènes, réputés forts et résistants, pour améliorer la race des chevaux utilisés dans l'armée britannique 1 . Pour cela, il lui fallait partir en reconnaissance en Asie centrale, et notamment à Boukhara, où se trouvait le « plus grand marché de chevaux du monde entier ». Les principaux éleveurs de chevaux dits « turcs » (turkî) ou « turkmènes » (turkamânî) étaient des tribus nomades pastorales. Les régions qui donnaient des chevaux turkmènes étaient les régions riches en pâturages du Khorassan et de l'Afghanistan, situées au nord de l'Hindoukouch, autour de Balkh, et le long du fleuve Amou'Darya (l'Oxus) et de la rivière d'Andkhuy, ainsi que les steppes du Turkestan (à l'est de la mer Caspienne) et celles de la Russie méridionale. Les plus importants marchés locaux se trouvaient à Boukhara, Balkh et Hérat 2 .

2025, RUDN Journal of Russian History

2025, Town and Village in Russian History

Nikolai Rozhkov’s Town and Village in Russian History (Город и деревня в русской истории), published in 1902, is a historical and socio-economic study that examines the relationship between urban and rural life in Russia from the tenth century to 1900. As a Marxist historian, Rozhkov analyzes the long-term transformation of Russia’s economic, social and political structures, particularly focusing on the evolving dynamics between agrarian society and urban centers over nearly a millennium.

2025, Pushkin after 1831

Alexander Pushkin’s political fate took a turn after the uprising of December 1825. As Fyodor Glinka, Gavrila Batenkov, and other De- cembrists adapted to their condition of exile, Pushkin had a different set of circumstances with which to contend. He was already confined to his family estate in Mikhailovskoe — indeed, he had been barred from Russia’s capitals since 1820. Shocked by the fate of his Decembrist friends, Pushkin nevertheless hoped that a new tsar would give him an opportunity to improve his own political status. As we will see, the poet achieved his goal of lifting his condition of exile. However, rec- onciling with the state changed his relationship to liberal readers. Pushkin would reevaluate both liberalism and sentimentalism after returning to public life.

2025, Pushkin after 1831

2025

The Resolution of the 'Great Controversy': the Debate between Vladimir Solov'ëv and Aleksandr Kireev on the Question of Church (Re)Union (1883-1897) -Critique of the Papacy -Caesaro-papism Evaluation -Misunderstanding -Moot points The Course of the Debate Conclusion CHAPTER FIVE 113 Vladimir S. Solov'ëv: Critic or Heir of Slavophilism? 'The biblical prophets were the publicists of Antiquity.' Ernest Renan 1 'A true prophet is an activist in society, absolutely independent, and neither fears, nor submits to, anything external.' Vladimir Solov'ëv 2 newspapers of different social and political plumage in Russia. (see appendix D) The sheer number of critical reactions from contemporaries (not to mention their, not always aggressive, though never mild tone) makes it clear that his writings often provoked debate. Very early in his life, at the age of twenty, Solov'ëv realized that society was not what it ought to be, that it was largely based on meaningless coincidence, blind force, egoism and coercive subjugation, rather than on reason and law. In acknowledgement of this reality, he laid out a vision of his purpose in life: 'Recognizing that this transformation [PS: of society] is necessary, I hereby commit to devoting all of my life and all of my energies to ensuring that this transformation is actually realized.' 3 As to how to bring about this transformation of society, he wrote: 'I know that any transformation must be done from the inside out -from a man's heart and mind. People are guided by their convictions, it is therefore necessary to act on them, to convince people of the truth [PS: of Christianity].' 4 Solov'ëv realized that by having such convictions and intentions, he must have appeared quite mad (I'll have to be arrested'): this did not bother him, however, for "divine madness is more intelligent than human wisdom". 5 The first goal of this study is to examine the rejection, indignation and misunderstanding that Solov'ëv's ideas and selfunderstanding as a prophet-publitsist (see the second motto cited at the beginning) provoked. Solov'ëv believed that society would succeed in transforming itself once people started living Christianity, once it became a true conviction, once people started practicing the Christian teaching of unconditional love and self-renunciation. This idea, which Solov'ëv termed Christian politics [khristianskaia politika], and which I conceive as a religious 'basic attitude' [Grundhaltung] based on love is here examined as the Leitmotiv of Solov'ëv's critique of society [Gesellschaftskritik]. My initial observation is that Solov'ëv's most outstanding contributions to the national public debate of his time, his ecumenical writings and his critique of nationalism, 3 [Soznavaia neobkhodimost' preobrazovaniia, ia tem samym obiazyvaius' posviatit' vsiu svoiu zhizn' i vse svoi sily na to, chtoby eto preobrazovanie bylo dejstvitel'no soversheno.] Letter to Solov'ëv's cousin and first love Ekaterina Vladimirovna Selevina, born Romanova, dated from 1873. Pis'ma III p.88. 4 [Ia znaiu, chto vsiakoe preobrazovanie dolzhno delat'sia iznutri -iz uma i serdtsa chelovecheskogo. Liudi upravliaiutsia svoimi ubezhdeniami, sledovatel'no, nuzhno dejstvovat' na ubezhdeniia, ubedit' liudej v istine.] Op.cit. p.88. [Italics according to the Brussels edition] 5 [Ty ponimaesh', chto s takimi ubezhdeniiami i namereniiami ia dolzhen kazat'sia sovsem sumasshedshim, i mne ponevole prikhoditsia byt' sderzhannym. No menia eto ne smushchaet: 'bezumnoe Bozhie umnee mudrosti chelovesheskoj'.] Ibid. p.89-90.

2025, Universum: tehničeskie nauki

2025, Отставшая цивилизация

Авторы продолжают свои исследования исторического развития России в сопоставлении с траекториями западных стран. Делается вывод о том, что Россия делит много цивилизационных признаков скорее с незападными, чем с западными странами.... more

2025

The problem of relations between ethnic communities of the past and modern national identities is discussed. Definitions of "ethnie" and "nation" in the ethno-symbolist concept and their evolution in the context of discussions about the... more

2025, Public Administration & Regional Studies

Education is the bedrock of development economically, politically, socially and culturally. It is an eye opener via which skills are developed, guarded and utilised to better the advancement of the human socio-cultural settings. Over the years, there has been global yearning towards child education right. Although, this has been greatly addressed in the advanced polities, developing economies have faced setbacks in relation to education policy; its formation and implementation. This paper interrogates Soviet Russia's education policy; showcasing leadership relevance as actor and implication on education policy direction among developing African countries, especially Nigeria. Constructivism was adopted as the framework while the interpretive design was used. Data were sourced through primary and secondary sources. Archival materials, journal articles, books and internet materials were used. Data were subjected to content analysis. The study unraveled the significance of education policy in the Soviet Russia. Vladimir Lenin, the forerunner of the Bolshevik Revolution, saw the need for literacy amidst the vast populace of the newly formed Russia under the umbrella of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). To enhance overall impactful governance, policies were tailored towards making every Soviet citizen literate. Nigeria over time has embarked on various education policies. Importantly, efforts have been espoused towards making education a free possession of citizenry, particularly, every Nigerian child. As the Soviet Russia served a template for promotion of literacy amidst the divergent cultural heritages, a multicultural setting like Nigeria stands a good chance of addressing illiteracy, lending credence to the Soviet Russia education policy.

2025, Высылка корреспондента «Таймс» из России в 1903 г

Аннотация Цель. Рассмотрение информационной кампании лондонской «Таймс» против России на примере деятельности собственного корреспондента «Таймс» в Петербурге в 1901-1903 гг. Процедура и методы. Проанализированы сообщения периодики и архивные материалы. Результаты. Показано, что назначение Д. Брейема, молодого человека с минимальным журналистским опытом, собственным корреспондентом в столицу России было связано с начатой «Таймс» кампанией по дискредитации внутренней и внешней политики России. В своих публикациях Брейем использовал материалы из диссидентских русских газет, а революционные газеты использовали и творчески развивали материалы «Таймс». На деятельность корреспондента «Таймс» обратило внимание русское правительство. Высылка Брейема из России была вызвана его статьями с нападками на особу государя императора и контактами с представителями «партии пассивного сопротивления» Финляндии. 1 Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Исследование демонстрирует роль средств массовой информации в формировании межгосударственных отношений России и Великобритании Ключевые слова:

2025, Evenimentul Istoric

Țarul și-a riscat viața ca să-i mobilizeze pe cazaci

2025, Бытко С.С. Проблематика старообрядчества в трудах консервативных публицистов второй половины XIX века // Старообрядчество. 2024. Т. 2. № 2. С. 74–89.

В статье исследуется отражение старообрядчества в публицистических сочинениях крупных консервативных мыслителей второй половины XIX в.: К.Н. Леонтьева, Т.И. Филиппова, П.С. Усова, Л.А. Тихомирова, В.И. Даля, М.Н. Каткова и К.П. Победоносцева. Устанавливаются факторы, повлиявшие на складывание образа староверов в творчестве мыслителей: их круг чтения, должностные обязанности, заграничные командировки, а также личные контакты с представителями старообрядческого сообщества и видными этнографами.
Предпринятое исследование показывает, что большинство консервативных философов той эпохи было склонно симпатизировать старообрядцам, рассматривая их как потенциальных союзников и даже опору действующего правительства в борьбе с приверженцами революционно-нигилистических идей. Само старообрядчество в мировоззрении публицистов воспринималось как неоднозначное, но полезное социальное явление, выступавшее хранителем архаичных традиций православия и культурного наследия византийской цивилизации.
Удалось установить, что консервативные авторы, в своём большинстве, выступали принципиальными противниками репрессивной политики по отношению к староверию, настаивая на необходимости отмены клятв Большого Московского собора 1666–1667 гг., прекращения полицейского произвола в отношении старообрядческих общин, а также легализации старообрядческих браков и культовых сооружений.

2025, Шедевры концептуального искусства

Художник

2025

В настоящей статье речь пойдет о женских мусульманских, имперских и советских школах в Средней Азии. Хронологические рамки исследования охватывают историю региона с 1865 по 1930 год. Нижняя темпоральная граница определена началом установления русского колониального порядка в регионе, верхняя – годом ликвидации отделов по работе среди женщин (женотделов). Используя сравнительный анализ, автор производит попытку реконструировать историю развития просвещения женщин в Средней Азии. Проблематика исследования заключается в выяснении, произошел ли разрыв между администрацией Туркестанского генерал-губернаторства и правительством ТАССР и Узбекской ССР в подходах к просвещению мусульманок и европеек-переселенок. Актуальность исследования лежит в плоскости изучения новой имперской истории, а также ревизии устоявшегося взгляда на раскрепощение женщин в советской Средней Азии как успешного проекта большевиков, который изменил культурные ценности коренных жителей. Помимо введения в научный оборот малоизвестных источников советского периода, новизна статьи заключается в описании результатов изучения институциональной истории Средней Азии сквозь призму гендерного подхода. В ходе исследования автором статьи установлено, что относительные успехи были достигнуты среди европейского населения, особенно в советский период, поскольку тогда была сформулирована осмысленная гендерная политика. С другой стороны, несмотря на разность концепций управления, мусульманских женских школ стало больше при советской власти, особенно после Худжума.

2025, Slavic Review , Volume 83 , Issue 3 , Fall 2024 , pp. 644 - 645

“This collection of fifteen well-researched articles by scholars from Russia, the United States, Finland, and Germany establishes continuity and change in the construction of alterity, mainly on the part of ethnic Russians vis-à-vis minority peoples of the Russian state, from the medieval era into the dawn of Soviet power.” (p. 644)
“…a collection that richly expands knowledge of the ways Russians processed religious, ethnic, socioeconomic, cultural, and political difference within their homeland and in the world beyond, in a variety of contexts over a long time span. The book envisions an audience of specialists as well as advanced students, who will find here not only a trove of fresh material but also effective demonstrations of how to use primary sources.” (p. 645)

2025, Canadian-American Slavic Studies

2025, https://www.stravonas.gr/z\_Aleifantis1.pdf

Η διερεύνηση της προ-επαναστατικής προετοιμασίας, τουλάχιστον ως προς την εξέλιξη του πολιτικού υποκείμενου της ελληνικής επανάστασης, οφείλει υποχρεωτικά να αντιμετωπίσει δύο σημαντικές προκλήσεις: Πρώτο, να υπερβεί τον εγκλωβισμό... more

2025, История и архивы

Подробности истории запреще-ния газеты «Москвич» (1867–1868), издаваемой взамен приостановленной ранее «Москвы» (1867–1868). На примере печатных органов И.С. Акса-кова, используя новые вводимые в научный оборот архивные источники, автор проясняет специфику функционирования законодательства о печа-ти и особенности работы бюрократического аппарата пореформенной Рос-сии. Издание «Москвича» с подчеркнутым подражанием «Москве» стало манифестацией Аксакова против несправедливой системы администра-тивных взысканий, которая находилась в ведении одного только министра внутренних дел П.А. Валуева, самостоятельно определяющего срок при-остановки органов периодической печати. Цензурный «маневр» Аксакова не представлял собой нарушение законодательной нормы, но вызвал необ-ходимость правительства найти способ ликвидировать и предотвратить подобное своеволие, что выразилось во влиянии Валуева на мнение импе-ратора по данному вопросу и согласии с ним Совета министров. Исследо-ватель приходит к выводу, что этот метод борьбы Аксакова за расширение свободы российской журналистики был обусловлен не только личной мотивацией редактора, но также являлся тактикой сражения за пересмотр механизма карательной цензуры и приведение его в соответствие с новой судебной системой.

2025, Культурная история

This article presents an analysis of the use of the Kuzma Minin’s image in the con-text of the First World War and the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the political texts of this time, he served as a symbol of patriotism and the sacrifice of the civilian population. The au-thor explores conflicting interpretations of this image by different political groups for patriot-ic mobilization and influence on public opin-ion. During the First World War, monarchists and liberals contested each other’s right to be considered the “descendants” of the famous figure from Nizhny Novgorod. During the rev -olution, the organizer of the Second People's Militia became a symbol of active citizenship, with his image being used for agitation in sup-port of various patriotic initiatives. Various po-litical figures could be called modern Minin, and his name was used by social groups to jus-tify their activities. At the same time, Minin’s image became a tool for criticizing insuffi-cient public activity and patriotism. Conserva-tive and liberal newspapers accused the low -er classes of “class egoism”, while the socialist press criticized entrepreneurs for their unwill-ingness to sacrifice for the good of the coun-try. As a result, Minin’s image transformed, reflecting deep class divisions and disappoint-ment in the unwillingness of various social strata to actively participate in the defense of the country

2025, Globkult

Jörg Baberowski´´s writing as a historian is shaped by his profound knowledge of political theory and philosophy. Referring to authors like Max Weber, Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith etc., he does not disdain Carl Schmitt, who is anathema political science and education in Germany. In his voluminous book on Russian history prior to 1914, Baberowski describes the emergence of the bureaucratic autocracy first established by Peter I (avoiding the epithet the Great), "modernized" by Catherine II, and fully deleveloped by Nikolai I. From the reformist era of Alexander I on, the autocratic rule was continuously challenged by terrorism and peasant and labor unrest culminating in the Revolution of 1905. Nonetheless, on each occasion, resolute leaders like Michail Loris-Melikow, Sergei Witte, and Piotr Stolypin, used the state´s instruments of power to prove the Leviathan´s sovereignty in a state of emergency. The road to revolution in Russia was not determined by social conflict . . Without WW I, tsarist Russia, disposed to reform under the Constitution of 1906, would not have fallen prey to the Revolution of 1917 and Bolshevism.

2025, Experiment / Эксперимент

This article examines the brilliant caricatures by Nikolai Vladimirovich Remizov (Re-mi, born Vasil'ev, 1887-1975) for the Russian satirical journals of 1905-1907. This period marked the first stage of Remizov's long career, when he emerged as one of the country's most talented and well-known caricaturists. The article focuses on Remizov's new, no-holds-barred satire depicting episodes of state-sponsored bloodletting. The satirical journals widely quoted the words of Dmitri Trepov to his troops during the October general strike "not to fire blanks and to spare no cartridges," a phrase that became a tragi-comic mantra in the satirical journals. It also reflected the take-noprisoners spirit of Remizov's caricatures. Further, the article outlines Remizov's subsequent participation in the few journals-in particular, Satirikon and Novyi Satirikon (New Satyricon)-that strove to keep the satirical tradition of 1905 alive. After the Bolshevik Revolution put a forcible end to these publications, Remizov emigrated, and later forged a long career in the United States as an art designer for stage, television and the big screen.

2025

Few figures in history have inspired as much myth, speculation, and sheer fascination as Grigori Rasputin. A peasant-turned-mystic with a penchant for debauchery, Rasputin somehow clawed his way into the inner circles of the Russian imperial family, wielding an influence that would ultimately help bring down an empire. Was he a holy man? A charlatan? A sex-crazed manipulator? The answer is… probably a little bit of everything. So, who the hell was Rasputin, and why does he still haunt the pages of history?

2025

She was Russia's Enlightened Empress. Her and her Legendary "Potemkin Villages".