Inclusive development Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Workshop and Special Section Focus
Over the past decade, the concept of “Smart City” with an emphasis on economic development, use of ICT and provision of engineering solutions has skyrocketed [1-5]. Amidst the increased competition among cities for businesses and talent, regardless of city-size, state of development, or socio-cultural context, local and national governments worldwide have launched Smart City initiatives. These initiatives often are driven by a focus on smart infrastructure provision through the use of connected devices and sensors for data collection, transmission through the internet, and the use of data mining and artificial intelligence to allow for better decision making and interaction among the devices in domains such as transportation, electricity distribution, health, and community development [6-10].
Scholars have argued that this strong emphasis on connectivity as the main source of growth in smart cities is shifting the focus away from traditional environmental concerns of the predecessor “sustainable city” concept towards more focus on infrastructure and use of information to increase economic efficiency, raising concerns over neglecting social and environmental issues [11-13].
A key consideration should be the understanding of the impact of rapid adoption of various digital technologies under the smart city umbrella on the society as a whole and finding ways to address their risks and unintended consequences, which can cause safety, liability, privacy, security, environmental, discrimination, and social inclusion concerns among others [14-20]. Moreover, with the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, smart cities and digitalisation are seen as a means to increase emergency preparedness and emergency responses to the virus, which has resulted in the more rapid adoption of digitalisation and further highlights the importance of the study of the issues at hand [21-23]. Since the onset of this health crisis and its socio-economic consequences have made it clear that its impact will not fade any time soon, it is a serious possibility that COVID-19 and its successors will have a lasting impact on our society and daily operations, and these will be intimately and permanently interwoven with digitisation and smart governance.
What are the long-term effects of the rapid and extensive adoption of digitisation in smart cities? Whereas a previous Special Issue in Technological Forecasting and Social Change published in May 2019 ‘Understanding Smart Cities: Innovation ecosystems, technological advancements, and societal challenges’ appeared before the outbreak of the epidemic and highlighted issues such as the contribution smart technologies could make to sustainable urban development, boosting local innovation climates and accommodating active urbanite citizenship, the air of the times anno 2022 appears to have changed significantly.
Globally both the application of and scepticism (if not outright fear among some) towards smart technologies digesting massive amounts of data to guide, regulate, and move people in directions desired by public authorities and private sector giants have increased. What have the experiences so far been with various relevant technologies deployed? How can and should various relevant technologies be trusted and used responsibly? What policies, regulations, legislation, standards, certificates, and auditing mechanisms can and should be developed to benefit from smart city developments while protecting the citizens and negating legitimate concerns over risks and unintended consequences of artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, internet of things, platforms, virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchains, 3D printing and smart health solutions to name but a few? How has COVID-19 changed plans for the adoption and long-term rolling out of these technologies? How concerned should we be about the ‘dark sides’ of smart cities when it comes to the behavioural opportunities urbanites are left within the face of large organisations armed with high-power technologies? Do they become smart citizens, or are they outsmarted by forces beyond their control? Can we distinguish between different societal groups in the way they are able to participate or excluded from using smart technologies?
In this workshop and limited special section articles, building on the previous TFSC special issue on Smart Cities in 2019, we will examine broader impacts of smart cities post COVID-19. We will explore issues such as risks and unintended consequences, stakeholder impacts, changes to spatial planning because of COVID-19, as well as the dark side of smart cities, which can stem from the increasing power of tech giants and their impact on urban governance, surveillance capitalism, and differentiated participation or exclusion of various societal groups in smart cities and their inclusiveness). In this Special Collection, we invite scholars to contribute articles that examine the long-term impact of digitisation on smart city governance in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak and explore the practical and normative aspects that local and national governments should address when dealing with it, as well as exploring the dark side of the smart cities. Key issues to be covered in the workshop include:
• The broader risks and impacts of rapid adoption of emerging and/or disruptive technologies in smart cities, such as critical examination of the hypes, realities and impacts of the adoption of AI and Big Data on civil liberties and inclusiveness.
• The opportunities and challenges underlying smart city development and the role of the different levels of the government and broader epistemic community in adopting various technologies as part of smart cities (e.g. through knowledge transfer, policy mobility and learning).
• The impact of digitisation and Smart City development on various aspects of inclusive urban development and challenges governments face when ensuring access to digital technologies among vulnerable and uninitiated groups
• The increased role of tech companies in Smart city development and the consequences of their increased influence over policy and regulatory development
• The existence of various business models for governing smart city development and their relative impact on the inclusiveness of public governance and services in terms of democracy, equity and diversity
• The appropriateness of different regulatory and governance approaches to address the risks of various technologies deployed in smart city initiatives
• The role of emerging tools and initiatives in the governance of smart cities and their impact on aspects of broad societal inclusion (living labs, digital tools, regulatory sandboxes, integrated development plans)
• The role of policy design and handling of capability and capacity challenges in ensuring the quality and sustainability of smart city initiatives
It is these questions that the workshop and a collection of articles in the special section of Technological Forecasting and Social Change aims to address. Araz Taeihagh (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, and Centre for Trusted Internet and Community, National University of Singapore) and Martin de Jong (Rotterdam School of Management and Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam) invite their peers worldwide to contribute high-quality articles on these pertinent topics for the workshop and selection of a limited number of articles for the special section of TFSC.
Araz Taeihagh
Martin de Jong
Guest Editors