Institutions and Economic growth Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research

This study investigates the macroeconomic and financial determinants of bank credit growth in India over the period 2002 to 2022 using linear and log-linear econometric models. The analysis focuses on the impact of five key variables bank deposits, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), investment in government securities, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-on the expansion of bank advances. Drawing from time-series data, the study reveals that deposits and GDP have strong and statistically significant positive effects on credit growth, underscoring their pivotal roles in expanding the credit base. In contrast, regulatory instruments such as CRR and SLR exhibit negative elasticities, suggesting their constraining effect on credit supply. Investment in government securities also shows a negative relationship, indicating a crowding-out of private lending. Among the estimated models, the log-linear specification demonstrates superior explanatory power, particularly Model VII, which captures 35% of the variation in advances with significant coefficients and minimal autocorrelation. The findings suggest that while macroeconomic expansion supports credit growth, regulatory measures must be carefully calibrated to avoid excessive restrictions. The study offers policy insights for enhancing financial intermediation through balanced monetary regulation, effective deposit mobilization, and economic growth stimulation.

2025, International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS)

Military funding is when financial resources allocated to support a nation's armed forces, including government defense expenditure, military infrastructure investments, and foreign military aid to keep the country from internal and external aggressors. Defense expenditure covers personnel salaries, equipment, and operational readiness, while military infrastructure investments focus on building and maintaining bases and other military facilities (Omonijo et al., 2023). Foreign military aid involves support for other countries, including equipment, training, and financial assistance, often given for strategic reasons like counterterrorism efforts (Sulaimon & Akindele, 2022). Thus, military funding in this study is proxied by military expenditure. Economic growth on the other hand, is the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time, typically measured by the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP growth reflects the value of all goods and services produced within a country during a specific period. When GDP increases, it signals that the economy is expanding, which can lead to improved living standards, job creation, and higher income levels (Babatunde & Adebayo, 2021). Historically, after Nigeria gained independence in 1960, Nigeria faced political instability which led to military involvement in governance with series of military coups. As such, the military took control in governance in the country in1966, and its rule continued for much of the second half of the 20th century (Akinola & Ibeanu, 2020). This military's rule deepened ethnic divisions, as certain groups were favoured over others, which caused tensions between different regions of the country. The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) was one of the major events caused by these ethnic conflicts, and the military's role in fighting it had long-lasting effects on the country's economic growth. For instance, the military's centralization of power and disregard for democratic governance to favour certain ethnic

2025

Метою дослідження є визначення світових тенденцій нагромадження багатства й виявлення асиметрій цього процесу на рівні країн. Методика дослідження. Застосовано такі загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи дослідження: аналізу та синтезу, узагальнення, прогнозування. Результати. Визначено, що генеральною тенденцією є зростання світового багатства, однак за уповільнення темпів його нагромадження. Тренди, що проявляються у структурі світової економіки, є такими: розвинені країни створюють переважну частину вартості товарів та послуг кінцевого використання, однак у країнах, що розвиваються, темпи зростання національного багатства вищі. Установлено, що залежність між нагромадженим і використовуваним у країнах багатством, з одного боку, та глобалізацією, з іншого, є системним трендом. Виявлено, що зазначені тенденції супроводжуються посиленням соціально-економічних асиметрій, зумовлених, передусім, розбіжністю технологічного та господарського розвитку національних економічних систем, що проя...

2025

This research analyzes the impact of land tenure systems on foreign direct investment (FDI) through quantitative assessment of Nigeria and its comparison to the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Investor confidence in addition to security directly depends on a well-defined and protected land tenure system because such policy affects both property rights and investment stability. The paper investigates how different customary, statutory, and leasehold systems influence investor confidence and access to land together with long-term return possibilities. In Nigeria, complex legal pluralism and customary landholding patterns often hinder transparency and secure land acquisition, deterring foreign investors. Institutionalized corruption at all decision-making levels and poor enforcement of laws, rules, and regulations are major setbacks to the smooth functioning of the systems. On the other hand, the US and Canada, along with the UK, have instituted detailed land registration systems that guarantee property safety, thus building strong investment frameworks. The findings show that tenured land systems free of corruption and bureaucratic delays lead to higher foreign direct investment levels.

2025

Trade liberalization has significantly influenced Tamil Nadu's leather industry, bringing both opportunities and challenges. This study critically examines the multidimensional impact of trade liberalization on the industry, focusing on four key dimensions: economic growth, environmental challenges, climate change, and workforce stress. The liberalization of trade policies has fostered substantial growth by expanding export markets, attracting foreign investment, and enhancing competitiveness. However, it has also intensified environmental challenges, including increased water and air pollution from tanneries, waste management issues, and resource depletion. Moreover, climate change exacerbates these challenges through erratic rainfall, water scarcity, and heightened temperatures, impacting raw material availability and production cycles. Additionally, the workforce experiences stress due to increased job insecurity, poor working conditions, and skill mismatches. This paper emphasizes the need for sustainable trade policies, green technologies, and labor welfare initiatives to balance economic gains with environmental and social sustainability. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated policy framework that promotes clean technologies, supports workers' rights, and mitigates climate vulnerabilities. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of trade liberalization's impact on Tamil Nadu's leather industry and underscore the importance of inclusive, environmentally conscious, and socially responsible trade reforms. This research explores crucial and pressing topics that are highly significant in today's rapidly changing and interconnected global landscape, emphasizing their importance in the current international setting.

2025, Kurdistan Center for International Law

نیشاندانی لێکچوون و جیاوازییەکانی نێوان دوو لە دۆسیە گەورەکانی جینۆساید لە دنیادا، کورد و توتسی

2025, ڕێبازی نوێ

چەمکی دەستڕۆیشتوویی گەردوونیی مانای چییە، لەگەڵ باسکردنی چەند دۆسیەیەکی دادگاییکردن لە سایەی ئەو چەمکەدا وەک لایەنی پراکتیکیی چەمکەکە

2025

This interdisciplinary volume explores the relationship between history and a range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences: economics, political science, political theory, international relations, sociology, philosophy, law, literature and anthropology. The relevance of historical approaches within these disciplines has shifted over the centuries. Many of them, like law and economics, originally depended on self-consciously historical procedures. These included the marshalling of evidence from past experience, philological techniques and source criticism. Between the late nineteenth and the middle of the twentieth centuries, the influence of new methods of research, many indebted to models favoured by the natural sciences, such as statistical, analytical or empirical approaches, secured an expanding intellectual authority while the hegemony of historical methods declined in relative terms. In the aftermath of this change, the essays collected in History in the Humanities and Social Sciences reflect from a variety of angles on the relevance of historical concerns to representative disciplines as they are configured today.

2025

Diagnóstico institucional y diseño de estrategias para el fortalecimiento institucional del consorcio de ONGs que promueve el desarrollo de las MYPEs de Perú.

2025, Accademia Toscana di Scienze e Lettere «La Colombaria». Atti e Memorie

2025

Nowa Ekonomia Instytucjonalna jest nurtem nauk ekonomicznych, kładącym istotny akcent na analizę zjawisk społeczno-gospodarczych, w centrum których znajduje się działający człowiek. Taką oto specyfikę można dostrzec już w początkach tego nurtu, który datuje się na pierwsze dekady XX wieku. Kolejni naukowcy, ekonomiści i socjologowie, tj. Thorstein Veblen, Douglass Cecil North, Ronald Harry Coase, Oliver Eaton Williamson, Elinor Ostrom, analizowali rzeczywistość gospodarczą z perspektywy człowieka, który w tejże przestrzeni funkcjonuje. W przestrzeni społecznogospodarczej istnieje jednak coś, co kształtuje sposób realizacji działań przez człowieka. Tym czymś jest instytucjonalny determinizm, przez kolejne lata rozwoju nurtu Nowej Ekonomii Instytucjonalnej coraz precyzyjniej definiowany i dookreślany. Najważniejszym pytaniem dla wszystkich przedstawicieli tego nurtu w ekonomii jest tym samym, dlaczego człowiek działa w taki, a nie inny sposób? Próby odpowiedzi na to pytanie ujawniają ...

2025

This paper examined the determinants of health inequity in fifteen (15) Sub-Saharan African economies for a period of seventeen (17) years spanning from 2004 to 2020. Data were sourced from the World Bank (2020), World Food Programme (2020), WHO Global Health Expenditure database (2020), and global database on child growth and malnutrition (2020). Child malnutrition measured by incidence of malnourished children under the age of five was used to proxy health inequity, while net official flows from world food programmes, income poverty, GDP per capita, and domestic general government health expenditure per capita were used as explanatory variables. Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) regression technique was employed. The result showed that one-period lagged of health inequity (HINEQ (-1)), one-period lagged of domestic general government health expenditure per capita (DGGHEPC (-1)), net official flows from world food programme (NOFWFP), and income poverty (INPOV) exerts positive impact, whereas GDP per capita (GDPPC), INPOV (-1), NOFWFP (-1) and DGGHEPC exerts negative impact on the Child malnutrition in Sub-Sahara Africa. However, only NOFWFP (-1), INPOV and DGGHEPC with their lagged values had a statistically significant impact on Child malnutrition in Sub-Sahara Africa. Thus, there is need for budget increase allocation to health and humanitarian sectors in Sub-Saharan African to boost basic health and nutritional needs particularly for disadvantaged households. Also, GDP per capita should be raised in order to reduce poverty levels and combat child malnutrition.

2025, WAPOR 78th Annual conference

Perceptions of Democracy in Post-Communist Countries: From 1995 to Recent Times The most commonly used indices to evaluate levels of democracy worldwide are Freedom House, Polity, V-Dem, The Economist EIU, and the Global State of... more

2025, GROWTH

Here is an examination of Chinese institutional change and why the debate necessitates a new approach toward studying global economic divergence, one that focuses on a separation of historical mathematical evaluations rather than technological advancement. The Great Divergence debate is a historiographical discipline examining state formation in East Asia and its cultural evolution in juxtaposition with parts of Western Europe. The advent of steam power and other technologies in production and transport allowed Britain and others to extend their momentum past Malthusian restraints and separate themselves from "poorer" countries. But recently, the "California School" of historians like Bin Wong, Kenneth Pomeranz, and Andre Gunder Frank contend that China shared several similarities in proto-industrial development with their Western counterparts throughout Eurasia as late as 1750. My article will add impetus to an even newer argument by focusing on separate commentary from historians studying Europe's transition to an Arabic numeral system and China's insistence on traditional numeric methods. Modernity originated from a new abacus based on a ten-place system calculating numbers as large as 1027, the year some purport it to have first been taught in Europe. Contemporary calculating devices and literacy materials are built on a similar model of arithmetic standards.

2025, Revista Cimexus

Ante una problemática creciente por los problemas ambientales en el estado de Michoacán y el uso irracional del agua, considerando el valor económico de las externalidades en la incertidumbre y el impacto en el desarrollo de la región centro de la cuenca del río Tacámbaro, este trabajo tiene por objetivo estimar mediante la opinión de expertos la Disposición a Pagar de los usuarios de la región centro del río Tacámbaro para la realización de acciones que permitan incrementar el caudal del río y evitar su contaminación. A través de las cuatro funciones de agregación y sus respectivas ponderaciones, se concluye que la cuota de $1,500 pesos por hectárea que se pagan de forma anual por el uso del agua es una cantidad que aceptan los usuarios. No obstante, también se obtienen resultados que particularizan la Disposición a Pagar según el género, el conocimiento de la problemática y el tipo de productor; datos fundamentales para la gestión y la elaboración de políticas públicas en beneficio de la cuenca.

2025, MPRA Paper

This study attempts to isolate causes of institutional change and investigates the role it plays in achieving economic development. Institutional change is vital for sustainable economic growth but literature shows that related empirical evidence is limited. In this paper Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Model is employed. The results reveal that in case of Pakistan control of corruption, rule of law, privatization, liberalization, and voice accountability are the most important causes of institutional change. In addition to this export orientation also have a positive effect on institutional change whereas macroeconomic instability has a negative impact. Furthermore, there exists a significant positive relation between institutional change and economic development in Pakistan. The first section of the study provides an introduction, and section two provides relevant literature review. In section three methodology employed by the study is discussed. Section four presents results and discussion. Section five chalks out policy implications and concludes the study.

2025

Abstract- MGIRI nurtured as field trainer the locally available lay-women of Wardha for designing new products from Khadi. It was decided to prepare handbags from Khadi, according to the needs and problem of different segments of the society, a series of new designs of Khadi handbags were prepared at MGIRI. With the help of trained human-resources of MGIRI several experiments in training and production were conducted. The aim of the institute in conducting these experiments was to finalise the pathway for creation of more and more employment for the general mass as well as to give new dimensions to fashion accessories using Khadi. Field trainers nurtured by MGIRI were engaged by different organizations of Wardha, to organise training in bag making. The experiment is to bring about plausible changes in the rural mentality. The idea is not only to enhance the present earnings but also produce worthwhile supplementary employment.

2025, Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

This study examined how private sector credit affects selected macro-economic variables in Nigeria using annual data from 1981-2019. The macro-economic variables selected includes; investment, output and inflation. The study was conducted in the light of the Endogenous growth theory, Demand following and supply leading finance hypotheses as well as the financial repression hypotheses of finance. Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was adopted to model the relationship among variables because of the apparent interrelations amongst variables. The result of the analysis shows that private sector credit has a significant relationship with economic growth, investment and inflation. It is recommended that there should be intervention in the financial market to ensure adequate private sector financing by designing special funding programs for the private sector in form of business grants and low interest loans as well as reforms in form of laws that will enhance market efficiency over time.

2025, Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government

An analysis of the Urban Development Fund's influence on sustainable urban development and the Slovenian economy reveals crucial findings. With a 100-million-euro investment in sustainable urban projects, the fund can yield substantial economic impacts. Construction projects are predicted to boost demand in the contractor sector, positively affecting key economic indicators like value-added, employment, and government revenue. Similarly, directing 100 million euros toward small and medium-sized enterprises is expected to generate favourable economic outcomes, including increased employment, value-added, R&D investment, and government revenue. This recurring effect promises substantial long-term financial gains. The study also evaluates the fiscal aspects, recognising that revenue increases outweigh the costs of fund operations. Efficient allocation to small and medium-sized enterprises enhances these benefits. In summary, the Urban Development Fund's investments hold the potential to significantly benefit sustainable urban development and the broader Slovenian economy, fostering economic growth and bolstering government revenue over time.

2025

Abstract
Across the world, societies grapple with deep-rooted inequalities—denying access to resources and opportunities based on caste, gender, and ethnicity. These disparities stem from entrenched historical structures that have long dictated social stability. India is no exception; its rich cultural legacy is intertwined with caste dynamics that have shaped societal hierarchies for centuries.
The Dravidian Model (DM) has played a crucial role in addressing caste-based inequities, oppression, untouchability, and restricted access to essential resources. Its origins lie in the advocacy for reservation policies—structured quotas in education and employment within state and public sector organizations—to uplift caste groups historically subjected to economic and social deprivation. While the framers of the Indian Constitution envisioned a temporary system of reservations, designed to phase out as the nation moved towards greater social equality, this aspiration remains unfulfilled. Instead, caste continues to manifest in new forms of social toxicity, despite claims that its influence has diminished. Research indicates that such toxicity is on the rise.
The Dravidian Movement’s anti-caste legacy intertwines economic growth with social justice, aiming to foster equity, inclusion, and upward mobility. However, empirical evidence is needed to assess its true impact—successes, limitations, and areas requiring policy intervention. This research begins by establishing the fundamental building blocks of the Dravidian Model, scrutinizing caste-related issues in contemporary India. While reservations represent the first step toward equity, the deeper challenge lies in dismantling the entrenched caste hierarchy that influences all aspects of society and the economy. The study systematically examines secondary data to uncover these structural barriers.
To evaluate the effectiveness of inclusive growth, this study employs econometric methods and inequality metrics—including Gini coefficients, Palma ratios, and 80/20 ratios—debunking the “laziness hypothesis” associated with welfare provisions. It further assesses income distribution and labour force participation across caste and gender, drawing insights from Tamil Nadu government reports, Union Government data, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) datasets, and surveys conducted between 2020 and 2025. Findings reveal economic progress and strides toward equity, yet persistent caste-based discrimination and rural-urban disparities necessitate policy refinements.

2025, AJEST

The study empirically probed the relationship between major stock market indices and economic growth in selected market economies of emerging markets. The specific objective of this study is to validate if the stage of economic development in emerging economies has any impact on the stock market size and economic growth and whether the stock market liquidity has any effect on economic growth in emerging economies. Variables used in the analysis were subjected to two types of unit root text; Im, Persaran and shin test and Levin, lin and chu test to determine whether they are stationary series or non-stationary series. Two panel regression analysis were carried out (fixed and Random-effect) and Hausman test was used to decide which of the result to abide by. It was observed that in emerging economies, stock market size measured in terms of Market Capitalization Ratio (MCR) was found to have significant positive effect on economic growth. While interest rate exerted positive impact on economic growth in other economics, it was the reverse in emerging economies. Furthermore, stock market liquidity measured in terms of Value Traded Ration (VTR) and Turnover Ratio (TOR) were found to have mixed impact on economic growth of emerging economies. It was only in emerging economies that the interest rates channel had significant impact on the relationship between stock liquidity and economic growth. It is therefore imperative for the government to factor in the stage of economic development when formulating polities that are meant to stimulate economic growth through stock market size and stock market liquidity.

2025, Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Rural development remains a cornerstone of sustainable national growth, particularly in developing and post-conflict nations where rural areas house the majority of the population. This study conducts a comparative analysis of rural development strategies in four countries-India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and China-that have achieved significant success in reducing rural poverty and fostering socioeconomic transformation. Using a mixed methods approach, the research integrates qualitative analysis of policy frameworks and governance models with quantitative indicators such as rural poverty rates, infrastructure access, and income growth. The findings reveal that those successful strategies hinge on integrated approaches, including decentralized governance (India), community-driven microfinance (Bangladesh), land tenure reforms (Vietnam), and state-led infrastructure investment (China). Common enablers include strong institutional frameworks, targeted poverty alleviation programs, and gender-inclusive policies. For Afghanistan, which faces persistent rural underdevelopment due to conflict, weak institutions, and aid dependency, the study advocates for a hybrid model combining localized governance, NGO partnerships, and conflict-sensitive infrastructure investments. The research contributes to the rural development literature by offering actionable insights for adapting international best practices to fragile states, emphasizing the need for context-specific, equity-focused policies.

2025, World Bank Publications

After the failure of import substitution policies in the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and elsewhere, industrial policies were largely rejected during the 1980s and 1990s. However, debate on the role of these policies in development has revived in recent years. Key issues being discussed include ways to promote the manufacturing sector and transitioning from an imitation regime, based on cheap labor and imported technologies, to a skill-intensive innovation regime. This note, which draws on Agénor and Dinh ( ), begins with a brief overview of the role of industry in economic development and then presents an analytical framework designed to explore the role of industrial policy in the transition from imitation to innovation. The framework is then applied to a variety of policy experiments involving increased provision of infrastructure as well as subsidies to education and reform of property rights. The results are discussed in the context of their broader policy implications.

2025, ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES OF IT OUTSOURCING COMPANIES BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF “ACCENTURE

Dynamic capabilities (DC) are the ability of an organization to constantly update its competencies, ensuring compliance with new market conditions. In [8], researchers clarified that dynamic capabilities are manifested through specific organizational and strategic processes (for example, product development, alliance formation, M&A decision-making, etc.), which can be best practices in the industry. In subsequent studies, the components of dynamic capabilities were detailed. D. Thies in [9] proposed dividing them into three main groups: sensing opportunities and threats, seizing opportunities through resource mobilization, and transforming - flexible reprofiling of the company's resource and competency base. Recently, works have begun to appear that use the apparatus of system dynamics and modeling to study DC. In particular, in [10] the authors conducted a review of methods for researching company strategies, which confirmed the high role of strategic planning in long-term success. Dynamic capabilities (DC) enable organizations to update competencies and adapt to market changes. According to [8], DC is demonstrated through specific organizational and strategic processes, such as product development and M&A decision-making, defining industry best practices. Subsequent studies detailed DC components, with D. Thies in [9] categorizing them into three groups: sensing opportunities, seizing them through resource mobilization, and transforming the resource base. Recent works, including [10], employ system dynamics and modeling to study DC, highlighting strategic planning's critical role in long-term success.

2025, Un balance de gestión Gubernamental. Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018)

La economía mexicana ha crecido de manera modesta durante los últimos veinticinco años (2.5% en promedio anual entre 1994 y 2018) y su ingreso per cápita ha aumentado lentamente. En este contexto, el trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una caracterización de la política económica de México en el período 2012-2018, sus acciones distintivas y alcance respecto al desempeño económico. Para ello la presente investigación se estructura en torno a las siguientes dos preguntas: ¿en qué medida la política económica durante el gobierno de Peña Nieto contribuyó a la estabilidad de la economía mexicana? ¿Y qué tanto el desempeño y bienestar económicos se vieron favorecidos por dichas medidas de política económica? Para atender estas preocupaciones, se hace una revisión de tres grandes disciplinas: la política monetaria, la política hacendaria (fiscal) y sus implicaciones sobre el desempeño económico.

2025, MEDITERRANEAN PUBLICATION AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL – FRBD

This study seeks to evaluate the government expenditure and inflation on economic in Nigeria using time series data from 2002 to 2023. The objective of the study was to find out if government spending and inflation rate affect economic growth in Nigeria. To achieve these objectives, the time series data were subjected to unit root test to remove the possibility
of spurious regression due to non-stationarity of data. A model was formulated and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Cointegration Technique was used as method of analysis. The variables used in the
study were further subjected to bound test and other econometric tests. The data were co-integrated at order 1(1) and order 1(0). The long run relationship of the underlying variables is detected through the F-statistic
(Wald test). The ARDL regression results shows that there positive and significant influence of government expenditure on the economic growth in Nigeria measured with LGDP. This result is in conformity with the apriori expectation of positive implication of government expenditure on
the economic growth. The study also revealed that inflation rate had positive and significant impact on the growth of the economy in
Nigerian. The implication of the results is that the higher the inflation rate, the greater the growth in the economy. This result is not in conformity with the apriori expectation of negativity of high inflation rate to the economic growth. The study therefore recommends that the government being the
largest spending agent in any economy, should spend more on infrastructure that will improve the nation economy.

2025, Journal of European Social Research (JESR)

The most important growth theories emphasize the substantial role of human capital in economic growth. This article explores the effect of the Human Development Index on GDP growth rate as an indicator of economic growth in the Balkans from 2000 to 2022. Employing panel data analysis, the study observes the impact of HDI on GDP growth, along with several other variables, including FDI-s, Gross Capital Formation, Inflation, Labor, and Trade Openness. The outcomes indicate HDI has a statistically significant positive impact on GDP growth, with HDI contributing to an increase in economic growth. Other variables such as Gross Capital Formation, inflation, and trade openness also demonstrate to have significant positive effects on GDP, while FDI and labour growth exhibit weaker impacts. The model explains about 33% of the variation in GDP, suggesting a moderate level of explanatory power. These findings suggest that promoting human development, as reflected by HDI, has a fundamental role in fostering economic growth in the Balkan countries. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the significance of focusing on and advancing human development alongside other key economic drivers to support long-term economic growth in Balkan countries.

2025

This paper examines Vietnam’s economic growth over the past 25 years through the lenses of supply-side and demand-side economic theories. The study evaluates how factors such as trade openness, capital accumulation, education investment as well as policies on tax, deficit, expenditure, and welfare have shaped Vietnam’s GDP growth. Empirical analysis shows that supply-side reforms significantly enhanced Vietnam’s productive capacity, while demand-side factors sustained economic momentum. Regression results reveal that capital, education, and trade positively impact GDP growth, whereas the effects of demand-side policies are mixed. The Vietnamese case demonstrates that a balanced approach integrating both supply-side and demand-side strategies is crucial for sustained economic development. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for continued investment in human capital, infrastructure, and innovation, along with maintaining stable aggregate demand to ensure long-term growth.

2025, Serie Notas sobre la economía venezolana

Resumen En esta nota se abordan los principales retos que se resaltan en la literatura reciente con relación a las implicaciones del desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial para las economías en desarrollo, con énfasis en el caso... more

2025

Regulating the Communication Sector in Jordan

2025

У статті доведено важливість формування концепції забезпечення кіберстійкості банків на сучасному етапі розвитку цифрової економіки країни, зважаючи на негативний фінансовий та нефінансовий вплив кібератак на банківську систему та економіку країни в цілому. Автором на основі узагальнення досліджень з цієї тематики уточнено зміст поняття “кіберстійкість банку” та визначено його сутнісні характеристики за якісним та кількісним підходами. В статті проведено дослідження теоретичних підходів до забезпечення кіберстійкості банків та на цій основі розроблено модель механізму забезпечення кіберстійкості, адекватну сучасному стану та умовам, в яких функціонують банки України. За результатами дослідження визначено, що ефективне функціонування механізму забезпечення кіберстійкості потребує відповідного організаційного забезпечення, зокрема створення Центра кіберстійкості банку.

2025, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The existing literature widely addresses countries' specific challenges and priorities in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, these efforts mostly remain either global-generalist or local-narrower scales, containing a big gap for the studies holistically exploring the issue through geographic and economic scales in a global manner. Aiming to provide a contribution to bridging the gap, this study presents a holistic approach by conducting a multi-scaled content analysis on voluntary national reviews (VNRs) of 188 countries, delivering comparative research on global, geographic, and economic challenges and priorities of their SDGs achievement. The prominent findings indicate that global and economic groups' challenges are clustered around poverty and crises, accounting for more than 60%, while the leading priorities include education, strong governance, and source protection within the same range. In all geographic classifications, over 50% of countries identify the challenges as crises, poverty, and climate change, and verbalize priorities as governance, source protection, education, and climate change. The findings advise policymakers to consider and prioritize geographical differences in SDGs analyses. While climate change is a common priority across all geographic and economic scales, policymakers should focus on strategies based on governance and local needs on a geographic scale rather than an economic one. For governments, lack of data and inadequate reporting initiatives are vital challenges in policymaking and international cooperation. These issues necessitate more effective monitoring of SDGs achievement processes and adaptation to local contexts.

2025, Wiley

This study examines Nigeria's ecological footprint, addressing a significant gap in comprehensive research on how poverty, public-private partnerships (PPPs), GDP (economic growth), and renewable energy use impact environment. Using data from 1990 to 2023, the analysis explores the relationship between these economic indicators and Nigeria's ecological footprint. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, with FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR robustness tests, were employed to ensure reliability. Key findings from the ARDL approach indicate that: (i) Poverty and GDP increase the ecological footprint; (ii) PPPs eventually lessen the ecological footprint; (iii) Using renewable energy reduces short-term ecological imprint. The long-term ARDL results are in line with those from FMOLS, DOLS, as well as CCR tests, reinforcing the need for coordinated policymaking to address Nigeria's environmental degradation. The study emphasizes the importance of leveraging PPPs to promote sustainable energy use and effective waste disposal practices. It underscores the need for grassroots conscientization and environmental media campaigns to enhance overall environmental quality.

2025

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

2025

In the backdrop of the early modern period, characterized by dynamic shifts in productive relationships, the socio-economic landscape witnessed the emergence of a burgeoning capitalist bourgeois class distinguished by its ownership of... more

2025, Journal of Global Trade, Ethics and Law

The study proposes a new approach for the visual inspection of the dynamic interplay between several determinants of entrepreneurship and other socio, focusing on the evolution of these variables in 23 countries from 2010 to 2020. First, we ranked the countries according to their growth during the sample period. Second, we clustered the different states by means of a dimensionality-reduction technique that enabled synthesising the ordinal information of the rankings into two dimensions. Finally, countries were projected into a perceptual map according to their scores in both dimensions. We replicated the analysis both for 2020 and for the growth observed during the decade. In both cases, we observed two clusters of countries that roughly correspond to European and Latin American economies. Angola obtained top scores in the two dimensions both in 2020 and during the decade. Regarding the interactions among variables, for 2020 we observed that early-stage entrepreneurship shows a negative association with access to financing and human development. During the decade, we observed a positive link between early-stage entrepreneurship and market dynamism, which in turn showed no connection with human development. These findings somehow suggest that the relative importance of the determinants of entrepreneurship evolved throughout the decade.

2025

A standard multiple regression analysis was run (SPSS) to determine if the academic performance in medical students is influenced by the sleep-wake behaviour cycle. Using the

2025, Social science and law journal of policy review and dev strategies

The study employed Pool Mean Group (PMG) as its technique for data analysis after established strong evidence of cointegration among the variables (institutional quality financial inclusion, exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation) using Pedroni and Kao tests. Findings from PMG reveals that institutional quality positively influences investment in the long run, while increased financial inclusion has a negative impact on investment. Exchange rates do not significantly affect investment over the long term, but interest rates are associated with a decrease in investment, and inflation is positively related to investment. In the short run, the rapid adjustment towards equilibrium is indicated by the error correction term. The findings indicate that higher institutional quality correlates with increased financial inclusion, highlighting the need for effective governance and regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between institutional quality and financial inclusion in the five selected countries of ECOWAS. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers in ECOWAS countries to improve institutional frameworks and enhance financial inclusion strategies.

2025

🔺شانۆنامەی
🔻 کیسەڵ و وکەروێشک
🔸شانۆیی منـداڵان
🔹نووسەر: داود کیانیان
✅وەرگێڕان لە فارسییەوە بۆ کوردی: ڕەحمان عەزیزی

2025

Global trade is on a very high growth path for last three decades because of the emerging economies gradually liberalizing their current account in order to achieve the state of full liberalization. But, are the policies impacting emerging economies uniformly or not is a matter of debate. Hence, the present study applies hypothesis testing and regression analysis using dummy variables on trade indicators of Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa for assessing the trade scenario of emerging economies.

2025

The 2025 Miller Lecture, delivered by Dr. Matthew Peterson on March 20, 2025, at University of St. Thomas in Houston: Abstract following. New political and cultural movements are reshaping the western world. As old institutions and... more

2025

The study investigated whether money growth is the major determinant of inflation in Zambia, while controlling for the effects of the nominal exchange rate, interests rates and oil prices, using Cointegration, Error correction, and Granger causality analysis. The study found a positive long run relationship between inflation and money supply, nominal exchange rate, and oil prices, while there was a negative long run relationship between inflation and the 91 day treasury bills rate (interest rate). Changes in interest rates have the major role in controlling any deviation of the equilibrium inflation rate, followed by changes in money supply, then changes in oil prices, and lastly, exchange rates. Therefore, money plays a major role in the conduct of monetary policy in Zambia. JEL Classification: E31, E51, E52, F31

2025, Journal of Latin American Studies

The Chilean economic model has been widely studied both as a pioneering experiment in neoliberal policies and in regard to the growing social mobilisation against inequalities it has provoked. Insufficient attention has been paid, however, to the role of intellectuals in justifying and criticising the model. This article examines cultural battles over the economic model among the country's main columnists between 2010 and 2017, analysing debates as to the model's virtues and vices, achievements and failures. It shows how debate surrounding the model is highly reactive to current political events, yet occurs in somewhat of an elite bubble, centred on conceptual discussions and daily political events that tend to be dissociated from popular concerns.

2025

As a bottom-up approach, a Job Guarantee policy can tackle the issue of unemployment on the macroeconomic, socioeconomic, and individual level in a unique way and promote the social inclusion of the unemployed. This paper aims at analysing the potential obstacles – namely inflationary pressure and financing – of a Job Guarantee policy implementation in the case of Germany. A Job Guarantee’s impact on inflation depends on excess production capacities of economic sectors as well as collective wage bargaining structures. In this regard, this paper concludes that under a correct policy design inflationary pressure is no major obstacle. Strengthening workers’ bargaining power in Germany through a Job Guarantee policy could even contribute to reaching the inflation target and prevent deflation. However, deficiencies of the European institutional setup and the analogous restrictive fiscal mantra at European and national level limit the political scope for financing a Job Guarantee policy. ...

2025, Ideology, Post-Ideology and Anti-Ideology in Latin America

One of the defining characteristics of Chile’s post-authoritarian period is the discrepancy between the discursive promises of ruling coalitions—both from the centre-left and right-wing parties—and the empirical reality of social policies and institutional design. This chapter explores this tension, arguing that in post-authoritarian, emerging capitalist economies affected by political crises, ideas and discourses serve as fertile ground for the fragile emergence of institutions and public policies while simultaneously reinforcing an unequal distribution of power among social actors. Through an empirical historical analysis based on interviews with Chilean elites, the chapter demonstrates how the Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia (hereafter Concertación) maintained institutional control by progressively incorporating social-democratic elements, albeit at a primarily semantic and ideological level. However, this strategy generated increasing tensions as the coalition struggled to substantiate its discourse within society, balancing its need to integrate business elites while systematically excluding grassroots political forces. This inconsistency can be explained by two key mechanisms: (a) the systematic co-optation and obstruction of radical left alternatives, and (b) the moral capital derived from the authoritarian past, both of which contributed to the exclusion of subordinate groups from political contestation. These dynamics expose the divergence between the coalition’s political discourse—designed to appeal to majorities—and the institutional architecture that ultimately upheld neoliberal continuity. The persistence of neoliberalism in Chile, despite rhetorical commitments to reform, is rooted in the Concertación’s failure to deliver on its initial promises, reinforcing rather than dismantling the structural conditions inherited from the dictatorship.

2025, BOOK COVER

Economic Planning published by Lecturers in the Department of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe , Awka , Anambra State for Economics StudentsEX.10.1371

2025, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

The aim of this paper is to research, theoretically and empirically, the impact of institutional reforms on economic growth in transition countries (new European Union members) and Croatia, in the period from 1996 to 2012. In order to prove the hypothesis, we will use panel analysis of transition economies and Croatia, namely the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel analysis. The analysis includes two dependent variables (gross domestic product per capita [G.D.P./p.c.]and the share of export in G.D.P.) and five independent variables (total Heritage Index of Economic Freedom, Worldwide Governance Indicators (W.G.I.) government effectiveness indicator, W.G.I. rule of law indicator, corruption perception index and the index of institutional reforms in transition countries). The results show that there is a significant positive impact of institutional reforms on the economic growth of transition countries and Croatia, which creates preconditions that are essential for the future growth rate of the Croatian economy.