Insurance Policies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Sustainability

Agriculture is an important branch in Ukraine’s economy. The share of agriculture’s GDP in the national economy is more than 10%. The development of agriculture stimulates the development of other sectors in national economy. According to the results of the analysis of the employment dynamics in Ukraine’s agriculture, it was concluded that there was a negative tendency. That is why the aim of the article is to specify the factors of impact on employment in Ukraine’s agriculture and to assess the degree of their influence. To achieve this goal, the different methods were used: system analysis—for determination the factors influencing employment in agriculture; factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, principal components method—for evaluating the impact of various factors on the employment in agriculture of Ukraine. It was found that the most significant social-demographic factors of impact on employment in Ukraine’s agriculture include the total rural population at the age 16–...

2025, Policy Research Working Papers

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

2024, Social Science Research Network

CIRANO Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d'une subvention d'infrastructure du Ministère du Développement économique et régional et de la Recherche, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère du Développement économique et régional et de la Recherche, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams.

2024

El propósito del estudio es analizar los factores psicosociales de influencia en el proceso de decisión de compra de los usuarios de pólizas de seguros de automóvil, para responder la interrogante ¿cuáles son los factores psicosociales que influyen en el proceso de decisión de compra de pólizas de seguro de automóvil? La interrogante planteada se abordó a través del análisis cualitativo de datos sustraídos en el desarrollo de un focus group, en el cual los sujetos constituidos como unidades informantes, pudieron expresar libremente su perspectiva como compradores-usuarios de diferentes empresas aseguradoras ubicadas en la ciudad de Maracaibo del estado Zulia. Entre las conclusiones se exponen que los usuarios de pólizas de seguros de automóvil realizan generalmente su decisión de compra cuando son previamente estimulados por las recomendaciones de una persona creíble o de su confianza; incluso preferirían realizar una acción de compra o recompra sin contar con una evaluación previa de las condiciones y del valor agregado en los servicios ofrecidos por la compañía de seguros. Palabras Claves: Factores psicosociales, decisión de compra, pólizas de seguro, comportamiento del consumidor. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psychosocial factors of influence in the purchase decision process of the users of car insurance policies, to answer the question, what are the psychosocial factors that influence the decision process for the purchase of insurance policies. car insurance? The question raised was addressed through the qualitative analysis of data stolen in the development of a focus group, in which the subjects constituted as reporting units, could freely express their perspective as buyer-users of different insurance companies located in the city of Maracaibo from Zulia state. Among the conclusions are that the users of car insurance policies generally make their purchase decision when they are previously stimulated by the recommendations of a credible or trusted person; they would even prefer to carry out a purchase or repurchase action without having a prior evaluation of the conditions and the added value in the services offered by the insurance company.

2024, Social Science Research Network

Over the last decade, stress testing has become a central aspect of the Fund's bilateral and multilateral surveillance work. Recently, more emphasis has also been placed on the role of insurance for financial stability analysis. This paper reviews the current state of system-wide solvency stress tests for insurance based on a comparative review of national practices and the experiences from Fund's FSAP program with the aim of providing practical guidelines for the coherent and consistent implementation of such exercises. The paper also offers recommendations on improving the current insurance stress testing approaches and presentation of results.

2024, IMF Working Papers

2024, BOHR International Journal of Finance and Market Research

The aim is to determine the short-term profitability of IPOs and to surrounding the evolution of this profitability on the middle/long run. Therefore, we used the raw initial returns and the adjusted initial returns methods to assess the short-term performance. We determined the long-term performance through the cumulative abnormal returns and the buy-and-hold abnormal returns, abnormal returns being adjusted to the market index and to the market model. By applying those methods to the eleven (11) IPOs’ made on the RSES from September 16th 1998 to December 31st 2011, we drawn two main conclusions. First of all, our results reveal that RSES’s IPOs present a great initial underpricing during this period and that, the adjustment of initial returns to market index negatively affected them. Then, the holding of these stocks on the middle/long run lead to their underperformance compared to the market portfolio. However, the long-term performance with buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHARs) ...

2024

for helpful discussions. Naturally, we alone are responsible for the views expressed here.

2023

for helpful discussions. Naturally, we alone are responsible for the views expressed here.

2023, Logistics

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the world’s manufacturing industry, particularly in terms of the continued increase in logistics costs that has led to an increase in business operating costs. This study proposes a two-stage model for evaluating the most appropriate outsourcing logistics companies for a manufacturing factory. In the first stage, a modified Delphi method was used to recruit experienced experts to determine criteria for evaluating outsourcing logistics vendors and establish a hierarchical structure. In the second stage, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate suitable logistics companies based on the hierarchical structure. Finally, a case study was conducted to demonstrate the suitability of the two-stage model for evaluating outsourcing logistics companies for reducing logistics costs while maintaining service quality. The proposed model can be used as a basis for evaluating outsourcing logistics companies.

2023, Business Performance Review

This paper examines the profitability of momentum strategies on the Nigerian stock market over a 20-year period, from 1996 to 2016, using all listed equities on the Nigeria Exchange Limited (NGX) All Share Index. It also evaluates whether or not the profitability of momentum strategies is conditional upon the state of the market. A momentum strategy creates and buys a portfolio of past winners and short-sells a portfolio of past losers to generate excess profit. Our result shows that the Nigerian stock market exhibits medium-term price momentum, with eight out of sixteen strategies recording statistically significant excess momentum returns. The main contribution to the profit is from investing in winner portfolios, all of which recorded positive returns, and mostly significant. Evidence also shows that momentum profits depend on the state of the market. The momentum effect follows the UP market with a mean return of 0.2938%, while it is insignificant in the DOWN market with a mean ...

2023, BOHR International Journal of Finance and Market Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the need to rethink towards future risk and possibly how to mitigate or deal with such risk. To do this, the right risk culture needs to be embedded into the organization’s setting. In recent times, there has been an increase in regulatory pressure for effective risk management governance and strategy. An inspiring risk governance and strategy will never be realized without the backing of a strong risk culture.Thispaperdiscussesriskculturewithinanorganizationandrethinkingriskcultureinapost-pandemicera.

2022

No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su incorporación a un sistema informático, ni su transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea éste electrónico, mecánico, reprográfico, gramofónico u otro, sin... more

2022

All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed.

2022, BOHR Publishers

Sustainable development of the regions is presently an often discussed theme, mainly due to the worldwide situation. The goal of the contribution is therefore to find regions in Slovakia and Ukraine that have the possibility to have mutually advantageous ways of cooperation. The selection of the regions results from the comparison of European Union (EU) Member State’s situations and not EU Member State situations. The situation in the regions is compared according to the regional gross domestic product per capita, the unemployment rate in the region and the average monthly wage of employees in the regions. The results of the contribution show possible cooperation of the analyzed regions in business, mainly in the area of industrial production, with unemployment decreasing. The use of the results is in the area of finding strategies for improvement and cooperation.

2022, BOHR Publishers

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and the impact of Sino-US trade have accelerated and intensified changes in consumer behavior and promoted the motherboard industry’s digital transformation. However, before entering the implementation stage of digital transformation, enterprises need to examine their readiness. Therefore, we hope to provide a reference for the motherboard industry in the implementation stage of digital transformation in the face of fast-changing market demands by constructing a digital transformation maturity assessment scale. Previously, maturity assessments were performed for manufacturing and smart manufacturing. The digital transformation maturity assessment of the motherboard industry lacks rigorous research in relevant literature. Therefore, this study uses the current state of the motherboard industry to assess its digital transformation maturity and uses the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and expert interviews to summarize and analyze the assessment mode of the digital transformation maturity of the motherboard industry. By analyzing digital transformation maturity and using an objective assessment scale, we can understand the current state of operations and set the right direction. This enables enterprises to obtain maximum benefits with limited resources when facing rapid changes in consumer behavior. We further show the implications of the industry’s operations, and finally, provide practical recommendations and conclusions.

2022, BOHR Publishers

The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the need to rethink towards future risk and possibly how to mitigate or deal with such risk. To do this, the right risk culture needs to be embedded into the organization’s setting. In recent times, there has been an increase in regulatory pressure for effective risk management governance and strategy. An inspiring risk governance and strategy will never be realized without the backing of a strong risk culture. This paper discusses risk culture within an organization and rethinking risk culture in a post-pandemic era

2022, Policy Research Working Papers

2022

The study was conducted in the mountainous areas of district Swat in the year 2010 to assess the causes of drop outs in primary schools of mountainous areas. Primary data was obtained through three different structured questionnaires using a sample of size sixty allocating to fifty government schools of three districts of the research area. The schools and respondents in the hilly area were randomly selected. The findings of the study showed that the major causes of drop outs in the research area were crowded and large schools; uncaring, untrained and irresponsible teachers; usage of passive teaching methods; inappropriate curriculum design; inappropriate evaluation procedure; lack of parents' involvement; lack of checks and bureaucratic system and long distance and lack of extra co curricular activities. It is recommended that the government authorities should have strict checks on these schools. The presence of the staff, usage of audio visual aids in teaching process and students' involvement in co-curriculum activities should be ensured.

2022, BOHR Publishers

The intention of this paper is to provide a clear idea about the current education scenario practiced in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, its associated drawbacks and to propose innovative teaching methods. For this purpose, various schools in the district were visited and surveys had been conducted to bring out the expectations and interests of students towards our education system. Based on the feedback given by the students and teachers, an analysis was performed and the shortcomings in the current education system were spotted out. The suggestions and expectations on the existing education scheme are being discussed in this paper.

2022, BOHR Publishers

Finance is the lifeblood and lifeline of any business entity either commercial or non-commercial. The Survival, Stability and Sustainability of a firm is highly associated with its financial wellness. It can be observed through its ability to pay(re) short-term as well as long term liabilities, meeting the regular financial obligations, to increase the value of firm and ability to generate profit. Financial analysis, evaluation, and assessment help in determines the financial position and financial strength of a firm. Among the plenty of methods and tolls available for financial performance, ratio analysis is more useful and meaningful. These ratios make it possible to analyze the evolution of the financial situation of a firm (trend analysis), cross-sectional analysis and comparative analysis

2022, Ecologies

The study of ecosystem services (ES) is becoming increasingly popular, as it plays an important role in human wellbeing, economic growth, and livelihoods. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the global trend in ES research using a rigorous systematic review of highly cited articles. The articles for this study were extracted from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) covering the period from 2000 to 2020. This study was limited to SCI-E, ESCI, and SSCI databases of the Web of Science. The term “ecosystem service/s” has been used as a research term to filter the study sample and eliminate other databases from the analysis. A citation level equal to or greater than 200 was used to further filtration of articles. This query could restrict to 128 articles that are highly cited in the selected period. Bibliometric analysis results show t...

2022

for helpful discussions. Naturally, we alone are responsible for the views expressed here.

2022, Bohr publishers

The aim is to determine the short-term profitability of IPOs and to surrounding the evolution of this profitability on the middle/long run. Therefore, we used the raw initial returns and the adjusted initial returns methods to assess the short-term performance. We determined the long-term performance through the cumulative abnormal returns and the buy-and-hold abnormal returns, abnormal returns being adjusted to the market index and to the market model. By applying those methods to the eleven (11) IPOs' made on the RSES from September 16 th 1998 to December 31 st 2011, we drawn two main conclusions. First of all, our results reveal that RSES's IPOs present a great initial underpricing during this period and that, the adjustment of initial returns to market index negatively affected them. Then, the holding of these stocks on the middle/long run lead to their underperformance compared to the market portfolio. However, the long-term performance with buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHARs) is less deteriorated than the one with cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). Those results imply that, buying IPOs at the offer price is profitable to investors in the short run and the holding of those stocks in the middle and long run must be done through the buy-and-hold investment strategy.

2022

Actuaries are professionals who apply mathematics to financial problems. They evaluate the financial implications of contingent events, in other words, events that are not certain to occur. They are often involved in managing the risks that can arise from undesirable contingent events. Actuaries evaluate the likelihood of future events. They also design ways to reduce the financial impact of undesirable events that do occur. To do their work, actuaries must have a high level of technical knowledge. For example, they need to understand the nature of insurance, the risks inherent in different types of assets, the ways in which statistical models can be used, and the legal and regulatory constraints that apply to the business. They must also have good business sense, problem solving skills, and the ability to communicate effectively with others. Their work often affects many stakeholders, so they must be able to balance different interests and observe high ethical standards in doing so...

2022, BOHR Publishers

Banking system occupies an important place in Indian economy. It provides various services to its customer. The nature of its services has evolved as the advancement of technology. It has become most challengeable to understand the customer satisfaction with quality of services. The present investigation was planned with the objective to analyse the customer choice towards the services provided by the bank. The research data was collected by the various bank customers for analysing the service quality from the ratings provided by the customer. In this regard, this research paper focuses with a purpose to report the findings of selected banking services which are used by the customers in India.

2022, Shanlax International Journal of Economics

Health insurance is an important method of financing the increased costs of medical care. The high cost of health services coupled with the randomness of health needs and the inadequacy of personal savings is the principal reason for the importance of insurance as a means of financing health services. The aim of the study is the awareness about health insurance among unorganized industrial workers in Coimbatore. The study states that people are aware of insurance but probably unaware of schemes and types of insurance.

2022

This paper is an attempt to return the discussion on social insurance and protection to its economic foundations. The paper uses a framework proposed by Ehrlich and Becker (1972) in the economics of insurance literature to first clarify the concepts and then take a comprehensive approach to insurance and protection. The approach starts with the choice problem of a representative individual facing risk, who chooses optimal levels of market insurance, self-insurance and self-protection. Market insurance and self-insurance transfer incomes between good states and bad (without changing the probabilities) while self-protection lowers the probability of the bad state (without affecting any transfers across states). Prices and costs are crucial in determining the optimal allocation. The paper illustrates the usefulness of the framework by considering the example of unemployment insurance (as market insurance), precautionary saving (as self-insurance) and investments in human capital (as se...

2022

The paper is arranged in six sections: an update describing how modern microfinance operates in Bangladesh; explanations of why growth was so aggressive from 2002 to 2007; the story of how Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) sensed a looming crisis and how they reacted between 2008 and 2010; a description of the kind of crisis averted by MFIs and their clients; a summary of the explanations of how the crisis was avoided; and identification of five emerging trends in microfinance in Bangladesh following the marked changes in direction of the 2008-2010 period.

2022

This publication, Earthquake insurance in Turkey, is an exposition of the dangers faced by Turkey as it is located in one of the most active earthquake (EQ) and volcanic regions in the world on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the efforts that Turkey is making to alleviate the social and fiscal disasters that are caused when these calamities do strike. The persistent potential for large-scale disasters has led to the establishment of the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP) in 1999. The main rationale for the creation of TCIP was a very low level of catastrophe insurance penetration among households. The authors stress that the four principal objectives of the program are to (1) provide earthquake insurance coverage at affordable but actuarially sound rates for all registered urban dwellings, (2) limit the government's financial exposure to natural disasters, (3) build long-term catastrophe reserves to finance future earthquake losses, and (4) encourage risk reduction ...

2021, Cornell Law Review

This Article adopts Calabresi's "general deterrence" approach , which "involves attempting ... to decide what the accident costs of activities are and letting the market determine the degree to which, and the ways in which, activities are desired given such costs. " Id. at 69 (emphasis omitted). It also "involves giving people freedom to choose whether they would rather engage in the activity and pay the costs of doing so , including accident costs, or, given the accident costs , engage in safer activities that might other wise have seemed less desirable." Id.

2021

Mis�selling is an unethical behaviour on the part of sellers who mislead custo� mers into buying products unsuited to their needs. Mis�selling is found in finances and ban� king, which is a major research issue, considering the importance of financial transactions, the long�standing nature and sizes of financial obligations, as well as the degree of their complexity. This article focuses on mis�selling in finances. The authors, using the desk rese� arch method, try to establish whether unfair commercial practices in the form of unethical sales of products unadjusted to consumers’ needs are linked with heavy concentration on selling services. The above issues are part of a larger debate on ethics in business. The article has three parts which focus respectively on: specific activities in the financial sector which are detrimental to consumers, the essence of mis�selling, and links between mis�selling and remuneration in banking. In the conclusions, changes are mentioned which result ...

2021

The study was conducted in the mountainous areas of district Swat in the year 2010 to assess the causes of drop outs in primary schools of mountainous areas. Primary data was obtained through three different structured questionnaires using a sample of size sixty allocating to fifty government schools of three districts of the research area. The schools and respondents in the hilly area were randomly selected. The findings of the study showed that the major causes of drop outs in the research area were crowded and large schools; uncaring, untrained and irresponsible teachers; usage of passive teaching methods; inappropriate curriculum design; inappropriate evaluation procedure; lack of parents’ involvement; lack of checks and bureaucratic system and long distance and lack of extra co curricular activities. It is recommended that the government authorities should have strict checks on these schools. The presence of the staff, usage of audio visual aids in teaching process and students...

2021

NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

2021

Sri Lanka's Termination of Employment of Workmen Act (TEWA) requires that firms with 15 or more employees justify layoffs and provide generous severance pay to displaced workers, with smaller firms being exempted. Athough formally subject to TEWA, firms in Export Processing Zones (EPZs) may have been partially exempt from TEWA due to lax enforcement in that sector. A theoretical model shows that firms subject to TEWA will tend to mass at or below the threshold of 14 workers until they get an atypically large productivity shock that would propel them beyond the threshold. EPZ firms will be largely unaffected by the law. In addition, EPZ firms receive preferential tax treatment and exemptions from customs duty. Consequently, firms that anticipate rapid growth will have an incentive to locate in the EPZ sector. We test these predictions using 1995-2003 panel data on the universe of all private, formal sector firms in Sri Lanka. We find that at all sizes, EPZ firms are more likely to add employees than non-EPZ firms. Above the threshold, non-EPZ firms are more likely to shed workers while EPZ firms are more likely to add workers. Once passing the threshold, non-EPZ firms grow faster than non-EPZ firms below the threshold, consistent with a theoretical prediction that only atypically productive non-EPZ firms would cross the threshold. Finally, evidence is consistent with the the hypothesis that TEWA restrictions retard the growth of non-EPZ firms below the threshold, but only some of the evidence passes tests of statistical significance. The combined impacts of retarded growth below the threshold, the need for a large productivity shock to cross the threshold, and slower employment growth above the threshold suggest that the TEWA failed to lower unemployment. Instead, it slowed employment growth of non-EPZ firms and induced firms to seek the EPZ sector in order to evade the law.

2021, BOHR Publishers

This study reports survivorship bias for the momentum effect. Effectively, this study shows that the Portuguese stock market does not exhibit the “momentum effect” when all listed stocks are considered spanning the period from January 1991 to December 2016. However, this phenomenon was detected when only survivor stocks are used. This study also shows that average returns for momentum portfolios were similar before and after the 2007 financial crisis.

2021, Kathimerini newspaper

2021, Staff General Research Papers

2021

donde se graduó en 1980. Tras doctorarse en economía en el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), comenzó a enseñar en Harvard en 1985, donde ocupa una plaza de catedrático desde 1987. Actualmente, suele enseñar macroeconomía tanto de nivel intermedio como avanzado. También es autor del libro de texto de introducción Principles of Economics (Cengage Learning), que ha sido un éxito de ventas. El profesor Mankiw es un asiduo participante en debates en el mundo académico y en el de la política económica. Sus investigaciones abarcan numerosos campos de la macroeconomía, entre los cuales se encuentran el ajuste de los precios, la conducta de los consumidores, los mercados financieros, la política monetaria y fiscal y el crecimiento económico. Además de enseñar en Harvard, ha sido miembro del National Bureau

2021, SSRN Electronic Journal

Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d'une subvention d'infrastructure du Ministère du Développement économique et régional et de la Recherche, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère du

2020

Una primera definición es que la macroeconomía es el estudio de los agregados económicos. Con ella podemos entender cómo funciona la economía, y obtener recomendaciones de política económica.