International Relations Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

What echoes and shadows of left experiments of the past haunt us as we embark on a new era opened by the formation of a radical left government in Greece? What is the plot of the longer story in which this new episode is embedded? How has the weight of the wider world, the power of the global system, borne down upon attempts to move from capitalism to socialism, whether in rupturalist projects, stemming from the October Revolution, or more protracted programmes of transformation, such as those set out by the ANC in South Africa in 1994 and by Syriza in Greece in 2015? What are the dynamics of attempting to forge an alternative in the face of the hegemony of thereis-no-alternative? How to make history in conditions not of our making? How, with so much going for it, nationally and internationally, has the ANC failed to achieve, or even approximate, the society that those who fought and died for it set out to achieve? How could Syriza, in the face of far more formidable obstacles, advance both its immediate programme and a new path toward socialism?

2025, Monthly Review

For decades, we had staked out various positions on "actually existing socialism," a debate where sometimes static arguments on both right and left were ritually reenacted. Now the process was going off the rails in an unknown direction. A tired tale was transmuting into a thriller. At first, for the left, it was all good. From 1985, we focused anew on the news from the USSR. We felt our hopes raised by the prospects of glasnost and perestroika. Mikhail Gorbachev spoke of socialism as we wanted it to be and with all the weight of the great Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Socialism with a human face. Socialism with an honest voice. Socialism with an outstretched hand. Socialism with economic efficiency. When Gennady Gerasimov, witty and articulate foreign affairs spokesman, was asked in 1987 what was the difference between the Prague Spring and Soviet glasnost-perestroika, he replied "nineteen years." We grasped here at every detail of the news from there. It was not only in the Soviet Union that the winds of change were blowing. Throughout Eastern Europe, there was a groundswell of rising expectations, both in response to developments in the Soviet Union and an unleashing of pent-up questions, hopes, and fears brewing for decades. Here I had a close-up engagement with the forces in motion in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia, where I spoke to a wide range of people, from professors and apparatchiks to waiters, factory workers, students, and farmers. For all of them, there was a growing sense of being on the brink of something that would change their lives. While there was much media attention to what was happening, I wanted to ask the questions that no media reports were answering for me. I wanted to contest the dominant discourse that was drowning out voices and ideas I wanted to be heard. I wanted to know how those living in this cataclysm were coming to terms with it.

2025

As I flew for the first time from Dublin to Vienna, I reviewed my images of the city: from the centre of an oppressive empire to an experiment in municipal socialism to a front of fascist terror to a crossroads between east and west, a locus of cold war plots and counter-plots. There was heavy security at the airport, because it so happened that Carter and Brezhnev also arrived on that day in June 1979.

2025, The China Review

Language and language education are central to studies of Chinese diasporic culture. However, existing scholarship has overwhelmingly focused on how overseas Chinese populations navigate language politics in their host societies. This research adopts a different perspective by examining the crucial roles overseas Chinese played in establishing Indonesian language programs in mainland China between the mid-1940s and mid-1960s. Specifically, overseas Chinese “returnees” were indispensable in founding the National College of Oriental Studies during World War II and launching several Indonesian language programs in the early years of the People’s Republic of China. While these programs served vastly different political purposes over time, they also reveal critical yet often overlooked aspects of—and surprising continuities in—China-Indonesia cultural exchange amid decolonization, domestic conflicts, and the Cold War. Although the primary aim of these programs was to fulfill the operational needs of state agencies and government-affiliated organizations, returnee networks played essential roles in promoting Indonesian culture in China. They actively participated in circulatory cultural diplomacy between the two countries, contributing significantly to China’s long-term knowledge production on Indonesia.

2025, Mongolian Journal of International Affairs

2025, Music Theory Online

In the panorama of post-1945 serial composition, the music of Camillo Togni (1922–1993) stands out for its distinct expressive character (Vlad 1958). This essay examines the musical gestures that define Togni’s expressive style and illuminates how the composer generated them with the help of pluridimensional serial procedures. With evidence from the sketches, the analyses show how Togni negotiated his musical ideas with his serial templates in a dynamic process in which pluridimensional serialism opened new avenues for musical gesture he may not have envisioned otherwise. The essay argues against a distinction between a “pre-compositional” and a “compositional” stage in the creative process and instead demonstrates that Togni’s modus operandi entailed a continuous process of fine-tuning musical ideas. I first address questions of musical meaning and performance in Togni’s expressionist aesthetics (parts 1 and 2), before delving into the compositional process to gain a better understanding of these questions (parts 3 and 4).

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies

This paper explores a futuristic approach to partnerships through the lens of a university-affiliated organization, focusing on how strategic collaborations can address evolving global challenges. By examining current practices and envisioning future dynamics, the paper provides insights into the role of partnerships in fostering sustainable development, particularly in education, agriculture, and governance. Drawing inspiration from systems learning and the cultural concept of reciprocity, the paper underscores the importance of mutual respect, trust, and collaboration in creating impactful, nondomination partnerships. It highlights the contributions of Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) by showcasing its innovative use of video animations and multilingual content to enhance knowledge dissemination and empower communities worldwide. The discussion integrates futuristic elements including artificial intelligence (AI) and digital platforms, emphasizing their potential to change partnerships by bridging digital divides and fostering inclusive knowledge-sharing. The conclusion offers recommendations for transformative approaches that prioritize sustainability in building partnerships for a more equitable future.

2025

The Department of Health publication, Commissioning services for women and children who have experienced violence or abuse – a guide for health commissioners, clearly acknowledges that ‘victims of violence or abuse tend to use health services more than average’ and that this is ‘despite often finding it hard to access services’ (Golding and Duggal, 2011: 22). The guidance goes on to state that it is precisely because of this that ‘it is in the NHS interest to identify these women and children, provide opportunities for them to disclose, and provide services [..] to help them improve their physical and mental health’ (ibid). The policy that has been implemented to support this process is known as ‘routine enquiry’ (RE). Since 2003 it has been Department of Health policy that all adult service users should be asked about experiences of violence and abuse in mental health assessments. However, asking about experiences of abuse and violence is not enough. To be effective the policy of r...

2025

The long-term consequences of violence and abuse can only be addressed if appropriate services for survivors are available. Many such services are located within the voluntary sector, and the fact that they are oversubscribed indicates a high level of demand, but there is limited robust evidence as to whether, how and why they work. Third sector organisations need to demonstrate their effectiveness, particularly in the context of competitive commissioning (Harlock, 2013). However, cuts to already under-resourced services in the violence against women and girls (VAWG) sector have made it difficult for many, especially smaller services, to develop meaningful measurement frameworks or to fully engage in commissioning processes (Callanan et al., 2012; Women’s Aid & Imkaan, 2014). The lack of standardised sector-specific outcome measures also means that services may be required to conduct multiple monitoring exercises for a variety of different funding streams, with none fully reflecting...

2025, ACTAS

A discussão acerca do outro remete à problemática da alteridade, tema que se encontra no centro do debate contemporâneo. Conforme afirma , um dos traços do mundo atual é a presença e a demanda de reconhecimento de diferentes personagens que produzem e fomentam novos discursos que, por vezes, colocam em xeque construções que consolidaram-se historicamente como hegemônicas a partir da sistemática de eliminação da diferença em prol de um modelo identitário considerado como detentor da verdade sobre os sujeitos e/ou grupos sociais. Nesse sentido, a contemporaneidade insere uma série de diversificados operadores que potencializam a problematização da verdade e da vida a partir de diferentes olhares, pontos de partida e perspectivas. É a partir dessa proposição que o presente trabalho visa, inicialmente, investigar a questão da relação com o outro a partir de uma discussão acerca da questão da tradução. Tomamos como ponto de partida a ideia de que o homem precisa saber da existência do outro e, mais do que isso, precisa simbolizá-la, transformar o que é sentido, vivido em palavras. Trata-se de um processo extremamente complexo e, podemos afirmar que ele nunca chega ao seu fim. Quando nasce, o ser humano não sabe da existência do mundo ao qual faz parte. A construção do outro implica uma descentralização de si mesmo e uma mudança de posicionamento diante do mundo. Toda a dificuldade de convivência nasce dessa relação com a diferença. Por isso, realizamos uma leitura do mundo, sendo que este processo se dá na relação estabelecida com objetos/coisas e outros sujeitos. É nesta vinculação entre dois que um amplo

2025

Relacionar-se com o outro e um dos temas centrais discutidos por diferentes campos do conhecimento no contexto da contemporaneidade, em especial, recentemente pela ampliacao dos desafios relativos as situacoes de refugios e asilo pela vivencia de situacoes como guerras, condicoes socio-economicas, etc. O presente trabalho como objetivo discutir a questao a partir do par leitura-traducao tendo como referencia autores como Gilles Deleuze e Jacques Derrida. Inicialmente, e realizado um debate acerca do conceito de estrangeiro relacionando-o com a dimensao subjetiva. Em seguida, aprofunda-se na discussao sobre a alteridade, entendida enquanto modo de relacao e conhecimento do outro em sua diferenca. Indicamos que tal modo relacional nao envolve apenas concepcoes, mas principalmente afetos, provocados/gerados nos encontros. Porem, a leitura nao pode ser entendida a partir de uma logica de identidade, na qual, o seu resultado equivaleria ao referente. Assim, mais do que uma copia, o outro...

2025

This thesis is an attempt to resurrect the strategic and philosophical thinking of Henry Kissinger in order to unlock the Iranian-American impasse. Encounters between the two countries have been in a state of deadlock since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, though its genesis dates back, at least, to the American-sponsored coup d'état of 1953. Within the American foreign policy establishment, no one looms larger than Dr. Kissinger: his contributions intersect the two worlds of academic diplomatic history and statecraft at the highest levels of international relations. He was the chief diplomat at a momentous period. Kissinger-through his writings and public policy-emphasizes balance of power , raison d'état, and international pluralism . As a result, these are the scaffolds of this study. Using these concepts (in addition to others), I bring forth new policy possibilities for the United States and Iran to adopt, centered around the general and mutual position of détente . It is my contention that such recommendations could help mollify the deep and mutual antagonism that undergirds the current stalemate.

2025

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Context and Subject of Study 5 1.2 Central Questions 10 1.3 Importance 10 1.4 Sources and Methodology 13 1.5 Organizational Structure 14 CHAPTER II: CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATION 17 2.1 The State 17 2.1.1 Power and the State 17 2.1.2 Components of the State 20 2.2 International Relations 27 2.2.1 Idealism 32 2.2.2 Marxism and Deconstructivism 34 2.2.3 International Relations in the 21st Century 36 2.3 Diplomacy 37 2.3.1 Peace of Westphalia, Sovereignty, and Modern Diplomacy 38 2.4 Balance of Power and Raison d’etat 42 2.4.1 Alternative Tenets to Diplomacy 46 2.4.2 Homogeneity and Domestic Institutions and Sentiments 48 2.5 Leadership 49 2.5.1 Agency and Structure 50 2.5.2 Competencies, Resources, and Inputs 52 CHAPTER III: KISSINGER: LIFE, POLICY, AND THINKING 57 3.1 Biography 59 3.1.1 Historical Context 65 3.1.2 Accomplishments and Failures 67 3.1.2.1 Accomplishments 68 3.1.2.2 Failures 75 3.1.3 Assets and Liabilities 81 3.1.4 Final Thoug...

2025, Anuario Colombiano De Derecho Internacional Acdi

icj-cij.org La presente traducción es exclusivamente para fines de divulgación y no tiene carácter oficial. No existe una versión oficial en español de las * Los mapas de la sentencia acompañan al texto traducido según su ubicación... more

2025

The article aims to analyze and explain the recent developments and challenges regarding the jurisdictional immunity of international organizations in labour disputes, both by international and national courts, concluding with remarks on the experience of the Colombian case law in the matter. The article uses both case-law review and comparative law methodologies to first explain the main differences between diplomatic immunity and the immunity of international organizations regarding labour disputes, then, it describes the current legal trends regarding the applicable law to labour relations between international organizations and individuals, and the challenges to the immunity of the organization when disputes arise. The article develops the modern trend of requiring the organization to activate internal dispute resolution mechanisms to uphold its immunity before national courts. The article argues that there is an incomplete reception of the principles governing the immunity of international organizations by recent Colombian case law and that frequently, constitutional judges confuse the sources that regulate diplomatic immunity with the sources that regulate the immunity of international organizations. The article concludes that although international case law over the past decade widely recognizes functional immunity and jurisdictional immunity as the governing law in international organizations, it is still a controversial topic that has demanded fast developments regarding the applicable law, the differences with diplomatic immunity as understood by local authorities (expanding on the example of Colombia) and the design of innovative dispute resolution mechanisms within international organizations.

2025, El Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura. Orígenes y evolución de la diplomacia pública española hacia el mundo árabe

2025, Journal of Political Studies

IntroductionThe end of the Cold War, globalization, ecological degradation and terrorism pooled to open a new aspect of security that is human security. The focus shifted away from military might as a core value of global security order to various non-traditional sections, with a much enhanced role of new variables like economy, politics and societal forces. Scholars with an alternative approach to security studies questioned the security dilemma that can only be attained through military dimension. After Cold War, there was a shift in the framework of security and world order from traditional approach to non-traditional approach.The developing terrorist activities in the aftermath of 1) Soviet incursion, 2) a decade long war between Afghanistan and Socialist Russia, 3) Pakistan's full support to Afghan brothers, and 4) the retreat of USSR affected all the human spheres badly. Another incident in the last decade was the intervention of US and allied forces in Afghanistan and Pak...

2025

This research project addresses the important issue of the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the post-Cold War era. With the end of the Cold War, so went many restrictions to the conduct of states and non-state actors, including the acquisition and use of WMD. The United States' responsibility as the world's only remaining superpower requires its leaders to address its policies and capabilities to protect the United States and its vital national interests against WMD. We would like to acknowledge the assistance received from many outstanding sources. The continuing guidance received from our Faculty Research Advisor, Colonel Tommy D. Dickson, was instrumental in the development, refinement, and focus of the group's efforts. Other experts gracious enough to add their valuable insight to our research include Air War College faculty members: Colonel

2025

: This paper calls for a new NATO strategic concept and a new transatlantic compact, and envisions crafting them in tandem. Both are needed because they are intended to perform separate but interdependent functions. Whereas a new strategic concept would help energize NATO, a new transatlantic compact would help energize the overall U.S.-European partnership. Together, they would have a compounding effect, because each would reinforce and amplify the other. Part I examines the idea of writing a new NATO strategic concept. It begins with a historical appraisal aimed at drawing lessons from how NATO successfully wrote and implemented six strategic concepts during the Cold War and afterward. It then examines reasons why the current strategic concept of 1999 is outdated and needs replacement. It concludes with observations on the organizational and political mechanisms that can be employed for writing a new strategic concept. Part II examines the idea of preparing a transatlantic compact...

2025

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

2025, iu.edu

An Overview of Approaches to the Study of Political Culture: In a 1997 review of current literature on politics and culture for the Annual Reviews of Sociology, Mabel Berezin suggests that four distinct sub-areas of research have crystallized. She labeled them as studies of "political culture", "institutions", "political communication and meaning", and "cultural approaches to collective action" (1997, p. :361, also see Berezin 1994). Richard W. Wilson, however, has remarked that, "The debate about political culture is an old one, yet at the same time it is in its infancy" (2000,:p. 273). Debates and discussions about the analytical utility of the concept or theories of political culture have been persistent in the social sciences literature and more intense in recent decades. Therefore, in order to contextualize what I propose to explore in this short essay, allow me to outline very briefly the history of efforts in studying this critical aspect of the socio-cultural systems.

2025, As Implicações Monásticas de Marcuse - Thomas Merton

Tradução integral do inglês para o português-abril de 2025 Parte 1 Estou aqui para compartilhar como um monge pode identificar-se em um mundo em revolução. O ano é 1968. Quero deixar claro desde o início que estou falando estritamente de um tipo de marxismo ocidental-o neomarxismo-o tipo de pensamento que está por trás das revoltas e rebeliões nas universidades americanas durante os anos sessenta. Especificamente, me refiro ao pensamento de Herbert Marcuse, o filósofo político americano que se tornou leitura obrigatória nos círculos intelectuais da época. Marcuse é não apenas um pensador neomarxista de grande influência, mas também, de certo modo, um pensador monástico. Quero abordar este tema para aqueles que estejam abertos ao contato com o intelectual, o estudante universitário, o professor, com aqueles que estão refletindo sobre ideias que irão transformar tanto a sociedade ocidental quanto a oriental, criando um mundo futuro ao qual inevitavelmente precisaremos nos adaptar.

2025, LA GUERRA IN UCRAINA E L’ORDINE MONDIALE EURASIATICO - di Glenn Diesen, traduzione e curatela di Lorenzo Maria Pacini

Il cambiamento in atto verso un mondo multipolare si realizza attraverso un graduale passaggio dall’ordine costituito ad un nuovo ordine. L’Autore esamina nel dettaglio tutti i passaggi che i Paesi europei ed asiatici stanno compiendo, dall’assetto costituitosi con la Pace di Westfalia del 1648 fino ad oggi, con un’attenta analisi delle variazioni nelle dottrine politiche e geopolitiche. Il risultato è che quello che abbiamo adesso non è ancora un ordine propriamente multipolare, bensì un prototipo in fase di sviluppo che può realmente costituire un nuovo ordine oppure far collassare il mondo intero in una guerra senza fine.

2025, EURASIA VS NATOSTAN. VERSO LA BATTAGLIA FINALE - di Pepe Escobar, traduzione e curatela di Lorenzo Maria Pacini

Un viaggio appassionante nella comprensione dei meccanismi di un mondo in forte cambiamento, in cui viene raccontata in maniera avventurosa, brillante, ed energica quella delicatissima e densissima fase di transizione che ci ha introdotti nella battaglia fra l’Occidente collettivo e l’Eurasia. Il primo è al capolino di una lunga fase di ascesa e dominio globale, che ora vede la degenerazione più autodistruttiva, mentre tramonta inesorabilmente; la seconda è iniziatrice di una transizione globale, anzi di una trasformazione vera e propria, verso un mondo multipolare, nel quale l’egemone occidentale non è più contemplato come unico dominatore. Arrivando al termine di questo accattivante percorso, il lettore si troverà davanti ad una scelta: da quale parte della Storia porsi?

2025, I RUGGENTI ANNI VENTI. La politica delle grandi potenze incontra il tecno-feudalesimo - di Pepe Escobar, traduzione, curatela e postfazione di Lorenzo Maria Pacini

I ruggenti Anni Venti è un libro che racchiude una sfida enorme: come si è evoluto – o è imploso – il decennio, considerando i parametri originali e disfunzionali? Come è stata riorganizzata una nuova mappa della distopia? Come il tecno-feudalesimo ha forgiato nuove interazioni con la rottura della geopolitica come la conoscevamo? Questi “ruggenti Anni Venti” stanno già metastatizzando nel secolo dell’Eurasia, in ogni fase del percorso multilaterale, dall’espansione dei BRICS alla Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), dalla Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) all’Eurasia Economic Union (EAEU). Esplorando le multiformi dinamiche geopolitiche e geoeconomiche, Escobar avanza una sfida per il compimento del primo Ventennio del Ventunesimo secolo.

2025, Estudos sobre as Polícia(s) e os Desafios Contemporâneos

Ce chapitre analyse les “interactions quotidiennes” entre la société portugaise et la police politique (PIDE) de la dictature salazariste (État Nouveau), sous la
forme de lettres de dénonciations, de pétitions, et de candidatures spontanées.
Il s’appuie sur les apports de la bibliographie internationale des pratiques accusatrices, et de la vie quotidienne en dictature, pour aborder la PIDE depuis les
perspectives subjectives des citoyens qui l’approchèrent “par le bas”. L’analyse
des diverses modalités d’instrumentalisation de la PIDE mises en œuvre par un
large segment de la population, souvent par intérêt personnel ou pour subvenir aux nécessités du quotidien, permet non seulement de mettre en lumière la
complexité (et l’ambiguïté) des relations entre la société et la police politique
salazariste, mais aussi de pénétrer les mécanismes d’exercice du pouvoir par les
autorités de l’État Nouveau.

2025, London Review of International Law

With new protocols emerging to regulate the field of open-source investigation, this article critiques their widespread deference to the requirements of legal processes that exclude alternative horizons of justice and accountability. We argue that OSI may still compile evidence to support advocacy against systemic and structural violence, but in professionalising OSI, legally centred frameworks give little allowance to speculative or creative forms of advocacy which seek to address forms of violence not yet accepted in law. We therefore propose tactics to counter such epistemic injustice aimed at fostering pluralistic, decentralised, and solidarity-based OSI practices beyond legal constraints.

2025

interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles ’ (as a proxy for best practice) revealed general lessons both about the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions.

2025

Planning has arisen from four schools, town planning, economic planning, military planning and business planning. This paper interrogates the first two of these, looking particularly at multilevel decentralised planning processes and how these can contribute to sustainable approaches to poverty eradication. It uses the sustainable livelihoods approach to describe this. Four main types of planning are considered: national development planning, sectoral planning, spatial planning and decentralised planning. Three case studies are reviewed, Ghana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, and these provide

2025

Yes This briefing paper reports on research exploring ten detailed case studies of livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda and Lesotho. As a proxy for best practice, these interventions were analysed through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles’. This revealed general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions. Department for International Development. Goodbye to Projects: http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/dppc/research/poverty/projects/goodbye/

2025

Yes This briefing paper compares two approaches to community-based planning in Tanzania, South Africa and Uganda. Analysing these interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles’ (as a proxy for best practice) reveals general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions. Department for International Development Goodbye to Projects: http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/dppc/research/poverty/projects/goodbye/

2025

Yes This briefing paper reports on research exploring ten detailed case studies of livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Tanzania, Lesotho, South Africa and Uganda. Analysing these interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles’ (as a proxy for best practice) revealed general lessons both about the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions. Department for International Development

2025

Yes This briefing paper reports on research exploring four detailed case studies of rural livelihoods interventions operating in Tanzania, South Africa and Uganda. Analysing these interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles’ (as a proxy for best practice) reveals general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions. Department for International Development Goodbye to Projects: http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/dppc/research/poverty/projects/goodbye/

2025

Yes This briefing paper reports on research exploring detailed case studies of HIV/AIDS livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Uganda, Lesotho and South Africa. The interventions were analysed through an audit of sustainable livelihood ‘principles’. This revealed general lessons both about the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions. Department for International Development Goodbye to Projects?: http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/dppc/research/poverty/projects/goodbye/

2025, Vertaling van Frans De Maegd

Communisten moeten zich altijd vraag stellen hoe het mogelijk is geweest dat de meeste Communistische Partijen (zeker in het Westen), ondanks hun heroïsch verleden, kozen voor het revisionisme en om alle marxistisch leninistische beginselen verwierpen om uiteindelijk de partij liquideerden? Dit gebeurde gisteren, tot met op de dag van vandaag. Uit de telloorgang van de Sovjet-Unie, vanaf het moment dat Chroesjtsjov in 1953 Stalin heeft verworpen, kunnen ons veel leren. Ik las daarover een interessante bijdrage van een Sovjet kameraad uit Rusland

2025

This paper aims at describing the manner through which both Brazil and China have invested in the defense economy as an instrument for national development. It assumes that investments in the industrial sectors can leverage the full productive chains of the civilian economy, based on the premise that the impact of defense economics is also responsible for spillovers and spin-offs that are not purely economic. In this sense, our hypothesis is that the Chinese and the Brazilian economic models have important synergies as a useful scope for bilateral initiatives engaged in the principle of expanding infrastructure, together with the international ties that make development possible. We have explored official government documents and reviewed the literature that works with the topics, besides mapping the main cooperation programs between both countries. Following the introduction, we analyze the Chinese model first, and the Brazilian model next. We then assess the programs and cooperati...

2025, Contexto Internacional

Reputação internacional é um objeto do direito internacional cujo valor se dá pela atribuição positiva ou negativa a respeito de um Estado pelos demais ou, de outro modo, pela capacidade de um determinado Estado agir de acordo com seus compromissos, frequentemente chamada de confiabilidade. Dessa forma, os imperativos da política externa de um país são qualificadores de sua recepção pela comunidade internacional entre graus variáveis de confiança e desconfiança. Este artigo tem como finalidade a organização tipológica de modelos de reputação com base tanto na existência de característica cooperativa quanto no exercício de preponderância que alguns Estados gozam no ambiente internacional competitivo.

2025, Between Light and Dark WHERE EVERYTHING IS NOTHING AND NOTHING MEETS EVERYTHING

This perspective weaves together my theories, frameworks, and insights, including those from the "Conscious Are The Cosmos," "Alpha Alignment: Where Resonance Meets Reality," and "The Harmonic Nexus Framework" approaches, with the combined frameworks of theories. The result is a comprehensive, unified treatise that bridges ancient wisdom with cutting-edge scientific models. It provides clear theoretical foundations, detailed mathematical formulations, practical experimental designs, and strategies for global implementation, all with the intent of demonstrating that consciousness is a measurable, transformative force that shapes our reality.

2025

Ankara : Department of International Relations and Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, 1994.

2025

Tuhfat al-Aiyan bi Sirat ahl 'Uman/Oman By Nur al-Din al-Salimi
New edition

2025, PANTAREI

This research will analyze depiction of journalist figure and news director figure in Nightcrawler film about the variety of activities in media field. Also this research will be equalized with journalistic elemen stated by Bill Kovach. Concludes of this research is to knowing the violation representation of Bill Kovach journalistic elemen in Nightcrawler film. This research use qualitative approach method with critical paradigm supported by John Fiske's Television Codes semiotics analysis method. John Fiske stated three level in television codes that is reality level (behavior, environment, appearance, speech, etc), representation level (camera, lighting, dialogue, editing, etc) and ideology level (capitalism, materialism, race, patriarchy, liberalism, etc). Analysis unit which choosen is scenes that present the violation journalistic elemen. therefore, results of this research is to show the codes which reveal the violation of Bill Kovach journalistic elemen like element of truth, verification discipline, and society loyality through sequence set which looked from reality level (behavior, speech), representation level (camera, character, dialog), and ideology level which reveal liberalism ideology, drawn at Lou Bloom's character and Nina's character.

2025

Recently, academic studies dealing with regional relations and bilateral relations between countries have become increasingly important in the academic world. Because these studies are expected to provide simpler and more understandable findings on a specific subject rather than giving a macro perspective. In addition, since such academic studies research on a country basis, it is of great importance for other countries to determine a strategy for the country that is the subject of the research. In addition, it has gained indispensable importance in international politics in recent years and provides the method of comparison, which is one of the development strategies. For these reasons, it is possible to see that thought centers and research institutes have evolved in this direction. Such studies have gained more importance especially for African countries that have not been researched deeply and without prejudice. Based on this idea, current article aims to discuss the importance of bilateral relations between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of Turkey and the positive effects of the relations on Turkey-Africa. Sudan is an influential country in the African continent, and Turkey, on the other hand, has been following a policy of opening to the African continent, since it has a common history with many African societies. In this regard, the relations between the two countries tend to welcome the cooperation opportunities in all fields in line with the policy of mutual benefit for all African countries. In addition, the article focuses on the necessity of stable bilateral relations between the two countries and the opportunities that may arise as a result.

2025

Topluya 24 oktyabr 2023-cü il tarixində AMEA Məhəmməd Füzuli adına Əlyazmalar İnstitutunda keçirilən Türkiyə Cümhuriyyətinin 100 illik yubileyinə həsr olunmuş "Əlyazma kitabı Azərbaycan-Türkiyə elmi-mədəni əlaqələr kontekstində"... more

2025, Media Sub-Imperialisms in the Age of Globalization

The scholarship on media imperialism and subimperialism is dominated by a political economy perspective that focuses on transnational control of media markets. This chapter outlines a cultural studies approach that shifts attention to the media’s meaning-making agency in legitimising global relations of power—theorising media market control as a function of legitimised asymmetries. It draws upon the discourse analysis of media coverage of international aid in four nations—the United States, Britain, India, and Pakistan—over a 15-year period. The analysis suggests that while U.S. media construct the United States as a global hegemon, British, Indian, and Pakistani media not only acquiesce to U.S. hegemony but also construct their respective national identities as subordinate to the hegemon—Britain as a special ally, India as an emerging power, and Pakistan as an indispensable minion. Such identities, I argue, ordain the roles and responsibilities of these nations within a hierarchical order of international relations and constitute the rationale for each of them to maintain the order despite—or, perhaps, because of—its inherent injustices.

2025, Bretton Woods Organisations in a Changing World: A Single Seat for the European Union, in STUDIA EUROPEJSKIE, vol. 29, p. 343-363, ISSN: 1428-149X, doi: 10.33067/SE.1.2025.17

The European Union represents a new type of regional organisation within the context of international relations. It is also an uncomfortable presence in the internal balances of the so-called "Bretton Woods" organisationsnamely, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank-because it raises several questions and issues. Foremost among these is the legitimacy of expecting that the economic and monetary integration within the EU should be refl ected in its political and voting representation within these institutions. Secondly, the creation of a single representation of the EU (or the "Euro Area") encounters numerous legal challenges, both within the framework of EU law and in international law regulating these international organisations. Thirdly, any potential solution must take into account the historical relationships among the EU Member States, as well as their interactions with third countries. However, addressing these problems appears to be an unavoidable knot not only in the process of remodelling the two organisations, but also in updating them to meet the needs of the new millennium. It is a knot which must be untied both by considering the European Union a possible precursor of other regional aggregations that are evolving along the same model in other key regions of the world,