Intersexuality Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, uerpos, Género y Poder en el Fútbol Femenino: Una etnografía sobre subjetividades y normatividades en el País Vasco

La práctica deportiva no es solo un espacio de competición, sino un territorio de construcción de subjetividades, identidades y relaciones de poder. El fútbol y el fútbol sala femenino, en particular, han sido ámbitos donde las tensiones entre género, cuerpo, normativa y poder emergen de manera especialmente visible.
La reciente aprobación de la Ley 4/2023, de 28 de febrero, para la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans y para la garantía de los derechos de las personas LGTBI en España (en adelante, ley trans), plantea nuevas dinámicas y desafíos dentro del deporte femenino. Esta legislación, que pretende abrir espacios de reconocimiento y participación para las personas trans, se enfrenta, sin embargo, a resistencias, tensiones y negociaciones internas en los propios entornos deportivos.
Desde esta perspectiva, el presente Trabajo Fin de Máster (TFM) aborda una etnografía intensiva en torno a las nuevas subjetividades en el fútbol y fútbol sala femenino en el País Vasco, explorando cómo se vive, negocia o resiste la heteronormatividad y el patriarcado en el campo deportivo, especialmente a partir de la entrada en vigor de la nueva legislación.

2025, Public Ideas and Public Policy Crossroads Influencing Success or Failure of Protected Sex Practices By Women In Africa.

Elitism that comes about when life promoting information, education and communication is not equitably diffused translates into deficit-privilege power relations. In this context vulnerability and risk to HIV translate into claimants and... more

2025, Isis

Warwick Anderson has written an admirably readable book that weaves together bio-prospecting, cannibalism, colonialism, and globalization and remarkably manages to put the complexity of human relationships at the very center of the story. The Collectors of Lost Souls recounts the transformation of kuru from a psychosomatic disorder caused by sorcery and studied by anthropologists into a degenerative neurological disease caused by infectious prions and studied by microbiologists and biochemists. This transformation largely comes into focus through the community of medical field workers, scientists, and Fore informants who ultimately formed a network of kuru research that extended from the New Guinea highlands to the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, MD, USA. The coproduction of kuru and this global research network is fleshed out through the very personal intrigues and foibles of the main protagonists of the historical drama: district medical officers, anthropologists, and adventurist biomedical researchers, of whom Carleton Gajdusek takes center stage. Anderson's description of the colonial encounter as a transformative experience renders this book a unique contribution to the colonial studies literature. Anderson attends to the changes the ostensible colonizers are undergoing as much as the changes experienced by the colonized. For example, he describes the transformation of "Carlti," the lonely young man writing letters to his mother, into "Kaoten," the individualist adventurer scientist braving the rugged highlands of New Guinea. As Anderson characterizes it: The passage from Carlti to Kaoten, through the avatars of Carl and Carleton, was almost complete. Similar transformations of names and identities and

2025

Con el objetivo de analizar los sesenta y cinco artículos que se han considerado para el estudio, se ha decidido emplear la web de Voyant-tools. En concreto, se trata de una web que permite hacer operaciones de lectura distante sobre los textos insertados: los resultados obtenidos suelen mostrarse interesantes en la medida que se le vayan añadiendo a los textos operaciones de lectura atenta (más conocida como close reading). Una de las funcionalidades de Voyant-tools permite agilizar el proceso de análisis de frecuencia de las palabras, tanto a través de la creación de nubes de palabras, muy útil para tener un cuadro general de frecuencia, como con un listado cuantitativo más preciso. La característica más interesante de este instrumento es su capacidad de seleccionar únicamente palabras llenas, es decir, que poseen un significado léxico, de manera automática, aunque el usuario pueda modificar dicha selección eliminando palabras que no sean útiles para el análisis que esté desarrollando, como podrían ser verbos o pronombres que no poseen un significado sustancial por lo que atañe al aspecto léxico. La web permite incluso crear un listado de frecuencia de palabras: se ha intentado unir los plurales a sus correspectivos singulares solamente donde posible sin que hubiese una modificación significativa del concepto -por ende, las cantidades en que aparecen las palabras ley y leyes se han sumado, mientras que, entre otras y precipuamente por razones semánticas, se ha preferido mantener separadas las palabras padre y padres. Las cuarenta palabras más repetidas dentro de las columnas de Soledat Balaguer, identificadas a través de Voyant-tools y con variaciones mínimas para uniformar singular y plural donde posible, son las siguientes:

2025, Body Problems: What Intersex Priest Sally Gross Teaches Us About Embodiment, Justice, and Belonging

2025, La violencia silenciosa Instituciones miedo y represión a la diversidad sexual

Para algunas personas, Mercury no fue un ídolo ni un artista, sino una figura peligrosa: homosexual, provocador, extravagante, un ejemplo de lo que "no debe ser". Esta percepción refleja un patrón profundamente arraigado de rechazo hacia quienes rompen con lo establecido.muchas figuras que hoy consideramos íconos culturales han sido vistas por sectores conservadores como amenazas morales o desviaciones abominables.

2025, La violencia silenciosa Instituciones iedo y reprecion a la diversidad sexual

. Para algunas personas, Mercury no fue un ídolo ni un artista, sino una figura peligrosa: homosexual, provocador, extravagante, un ejemplo de lo que "no debe ser". Esta percepción refleja un patrón profundamente arraigado de rechazo hacia quienes rompen con lo establecido.. muchas figuras que hoy consideramos íconos culturales han sido vistas por sectores conservadores como amenazas morales o desviaciones abominables

2025, ICON EDU 2025 - 4th International Congress: Education and Knowledge

L'educazione alle sessualità è concettualizzata e riconosciuta come diritto sessuale di tutte le persone, caratterizzandosi come processo di lifelong learning che parte dalla prima infanzia. Per essere efficace, è necessaria la collaborazione e la responsabilità educativa condivisa tra scuola, famiglia e persone esperte sul territorio in termini di salute psicofisica e sociale. La mancanza dell'EaS in diversi contesti educativi porta le persone ad auto educarsi su temi sessuali e affettivi tramite Internet, media o messaggi sociali, che spesso producono una conoscenza distorta sulle tematiche sessuali, affettive e relazionali, ma anche anatomiche. Ciò comporta delle conseguenze negative in termini di salute corporea e sessuale, un piacere sessuale meno soddisfacente e la produzione di un lessico colloquiale per esprimersi e riferirsi ad alcune parti del corpo specifiche. Un esempio-focus del presente lavoro-è l'uso comune di due termini come fossero sinonimi: vulva e vagina. Il tabù intergenerazionale e la confusione sui termini scientifici relativi alle parti del corpo femminile che compongono l'apparato genitale conducono al fenomeno dell'Alienazione genitale. Ovvero, porre una parte del corpo sotto l'attenzione sociale impattando soprattutto l'accettazione personale. Nello specifico, il termine vulva, più di vagina o di altre parti componenti l'apparato genitale femminile, è invisibilizzato attraverso il linguaggio, con azioni come il non nominarlo o indicandolo con termini errati. L'invisibilità è dovuta alla mancanza di informazioni o alla presenza di simboli, costrutti e rappresentazioni rinforzati da un comune discorso sociale. Nei corsi educativi e formativi, per educatrici e educatori in formazione e insegnanti in servizio, volti all'ottenimento dell'Open Badge EduSex è stato posto l'obiettivo di esplorare le rappresentazioni sociali e lessicali legate all'apparato genitale femminile. È stato chiesto di disegnare una vagina per far emergere le rappresentazioni sociali e decostruire il lessico scientificamente scorretto. Ciò che è emerso dai disegni di persone iscritte alle formazioni offerte da Sapienza Università di Roma è stato analizzato seguendo la Teoria delle Rappresentazioni Sociali, ovvero lo studio di forme, contenuti e funzioni socialmente condivise sulla base di una conoscenza comune. Le persone partecipanti hanno rappresentato alcune parti dell'apparato genitale femminile-vulva, utero, intero corpo femminile-mostrando una mancanza di conoscenza e consapevolezza a discapito dell'anatomia genitale personale. Difatti, nella formazione erano presenti sia donne sia uomini. Terminata la fase pratica del disegno, è stata avviata una discussione attraverso lo stimolo visivo di rappresentazioni anatomiche delle diverse parti componenti l'apparato genitale femminile. Ciò ha permesso l'analisi della costruzione storico-sociale-culturale del termine vagina come univoco per l'intero apparato. Di fatto, lo stimolo visivo ha suscitato la consapevolezza dell'errore commesso nel proprio disegno. I disegni hanno evidenziato come le persone partecipanti non avessero conoscenze anatomiche corrette e come fossero influenzate dalla sopracitata costruzione storico-sociale-culturale. Contemporaneamente, ha permesso di rendere consapevole tale inesattezza provocando una nuova costruzione di conoscenze comuni e scientifiche. Difatti, le implicazioni dell'analisi dei disegni avevano l'obiettivo di promuovere un cambiamento socioculturale e linguistico per un'educazione volta al benessere delle persone. Il mancato utilizzo di un corretto linguaggio-o la non conoscenza anatomica di base-ha conseguenze negative in termini di salute; lo stigma attorno l'anatomia genitale femminile potrebbe essere destrutturato attraverso l'educazione e la formazione. Nello specifico, attraverso una riprogettazione educativa, rispettosa del progresso scientifico. Educare ad un linguaggio corretto promuoverebbe un lessico scientificamente accurato, seppur spontaneo e naturale, sulle tematiche che riguardano la salute e il benessere delle persone, come ad esempio la sessualità.

2025, Bioètica & debat: tribuna oberta de l'Institut Borja de Bioètica

Editorial 6 a 10 Eugenèsia en humans: delicada i inevitable 11 a 14 Aspectes ètics de la vacunació contra el VPH 15 a19 Consideracions ètiques sobre teràpies no convencionals 20 a 22 Comentari de la notícia 23 Biblioteca 24 Agenda volum 15, núm. 56 maig_agost 2009 Declaració d'Hèlsinki de l'Associació Mèdica Mundial, 2008 PASSA A LA PÀGINA 3 Adoptada per la

2025

The following research presents the concepts that children produce about the exercise of their citizenship in the urban context of Recife, pointing out their knowledge about the city and the rights that recognize as its own to its peculiar condition of person in development. Meanwhile, reflects about the impact of historical, economic, social conditions about the process of subjectivation of the children in this context, and analyzes the meanings and senses expressed by them in relation to the exercise of citizenship in accordance with the citizenship education which they had access to. To this end, a network supported by theoretical knowledge related to: City and citizenship, based in Castro (2001, 2004), Benevides (1991), Carvalho (2002), the historical-cultural constitution of the subject and subjectivity, basing itself on Vygotsky (2007, 2009) and Rey (2003, 2005); and childhood and citizenship education, through the contributions of Candau and Sacavino (2008, 2010), Freire (196...

2025, L'Evolution psychiatrique

Histoire et psychiatrie « Un cerveau d'homme dans un corps de femme » : le problème du sexe « psychique » chez Valentin Magnan et Samuel Pozzi (1911) "A male brain in a female body": The question of psychological sex in a case of hermaphroditism presented by Valentin Magnan and Samuel Pozzi (1911) Mathias Winter a,b, * a Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Développement génital : du foetus à l'adulte »,

2025, Pedagogika, Vol 73 No 3 (2023)

Objectives
The article presents the results of a survey that took place among persons with international protection in the Czech Republic in the years 2020-2022 and focused on the use of media in the autonomous learning of Czech as a foreign language. The primary objective was to investigate how the evolution of new media impacts the independent and regulated development of language competences in the Czech language, as perceived by individuals with international protection. Additionally, in the event of significant changes, the study aimed to identify the specific skills that should be emphasized in integration language courses of Czech as a second language.
Methods
As part of the investigation, a total of 27 structured interviews and corresponding number of survey entries were interpreted on the basis of phenomenological analysis.
Results and conclusions
The investigation showed that persons with international protection are well aware of the possibilities of using media in autonomous learning of Czech as their second language and that they use both traditional and new media for this purpose. At the same time, it was possible to trace that they are aware of the differences in the development of individual language competences. In particular, they expect the development of output competences, i.e. speaking and writing, from language integration courses offered by the state.

2025

Transgenders in India have been hiding under veils to protect themselves from being judged, teased and harassed. The two narratives in the paper discuss the coming out two brave hijras who underwent massive agony and pain to come out of their nutshell of living dubious lives and follow however they want to be. Hijras in India live at the peripheries of the society because they have been discarded the status of a human being because of their form, dress, language and mannerisms by heteronormative and patriarchal social systems. The paper is an attempt to throw light on the harrowing conditions faced by the transgenders in India and give them some motivation to come out of the closet without and shame or guilt. Revathi who is a castrated hijra, and Laxmi who is not had to undergo boulders of trouble to survive in the patriarchal and even worse heterosexual society of India wherein people with different ideas, clothes, attitudes etc. are just sidelined from the mainstream society and are harassed from day to day. The paper also discusses the role of gender identity and how it shaped up for the two authors.

2025

Tendo em vista que os corpos ditos femininos são sub-representados em vários âmbitos da sociedade, incluindo o educativo, o estudo buscou elucidar como livros do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) de 2024 representam os órgãos homólogos clitóris e pênis. Para tanto, analisou-se sete coleções didáticas quanto à presença de três aspectos: volume de discussão, representação imagética e representação escrita desses órgãos. Como resultados, destaca-se a sub-representação do clitóris frente ao pênis em todas as coleções analisadas, seja nos aspectos escritos ou imagéticos. Nenhuma coleção apresentou a estrutura completa do clitóris de maneira explícita e identificada. Ainda, foi marcante a relação do pênis com função reprodutiva e clitóris com função de prazer sexual, além do reforço de posturas cisheteronormativas. A partir dessa discussão, percebemos a necessidade de uma abordagem mais abrangente sobre o clitóris, visando uma educação em ciências que contemple as diversidades corporais, sexuais e de gênero.

2025, Biblioteca Ontológica de Género, Sexualidad y Neurodivergencia

Transsexuality has been often misunderstood as or confused with a psychiatric disorder or abnormality and investigated under this a priori supposition, giving rise to stigmatisation and discrimination against a population seen as "diseased" and which should be thus "cured" out of existence, not unlike Smallpox was eradicated. Nevertheless, this dogmatic assumption ignores the plethora of extensive scientific investigations demonstrating it to be an inherently biological-genetic condition and a manifestation of Intersexuality. In order to present this evidence, sorely lacking throughout Hispanic and Latin America, in which discrimination and violence against Transgender or Transexual Persons is rampant and alarmingly increasing, especially from a legal and political perspective of active persecution, this paper summarises recent scientific findings and knowledge about this critically misunderstood biological condition and offers translations of two important scientific publications detailing such facts, namely Dr. Julie Baker's "Transgender brains are more like their desired gender from an early age" and Dr. Milton Diamond's "Transsexualism as an Intersex Condition". It is hoped that, through this information, along with a necessary campaign of education and information among the medical and academic fields in charge of imparting this awareness further, the knowledge urgently required regarding Transsexuality shall lead to an important decrease in discrimination and an increase of acceptance and social integration of Transgender Persons in Latin America.

2025, AFRICAN WOMEN IN DIGITAL SPACES: Redefining Social Movements on the Continent and in the Diaspora.

On the 1 st of May 2019, the Court of Arbitration of Sport ruled in favour of the International Associations Athletics Federations (IAAF)’s regulations that Caster Semenya, a South African athlete should undergo hormonal therapy, to reduce her testosterone levels if she is to continue competing at an international level. This ruling came as the ultimate straw to a long-standing duel between Semenya and IAAF that commenced in 2009 after her record
breaking 800m race in Berlin. Semenya’s ordeal is reflective of how the African female queer body is treated as an object that can be owned, monitored, and contained; an error that ought to be corrected. Its subversion to the mono-normative scripts of being, has subjected it to discipline and punishment and renders it placeless and invisible. Thus, African queer
women exist at the fringes of the global society’s socio-political and cultural milieu. In Africa too, queerness is criminalised in most countries and considered anomalous to African culture and traditions. Unfortunately, this stance has been adopted by most African feminists too, leaving African queer women at the periphery of their scholarship and activism
landscape. This is against a background where the female Black body has received substantive scholarly attention and topped the broad Black feminist agenda over the years. African queer women experience layers of oppression; first as Black, second as women and third as queer, hence deserving scholarly and critical engagement too. Through a textual
analysis of selected literature and YouTube videos on Semenya’s story, I discuss in this paper, the African queer body’s struggle for humanity and the re-colonisation of their bodies by African feminisms/womanism. My investigation unfolds from a decolonial perspective.

2025

This study examines language, power, and intersex variations within clinician accounts in Hong Kong, examining how they communicate about intersex traits to patients and their families. Employing interactional sociolinguistics, the research analyses clinician interviews as dynamic social interactions, focusing on how communicative stances are negotiated and social practices are enacted. The study probes the influence of biopower—encompassing gender, sexual difference, racialization, and ableism—on clinicians' stances and explores the possibilities of emancipation from these biopolitical constraints. Findings highlight the tension between medical structuring forces and the formation of intersex subjects and bodies, impacting their autonomy and livability. Gender is relevant as both a power system and a lived reality, critical for understanding the bioregulation of innate sex characteristics and advancing broader implications for gender and language studies and healthcare communication. This research challenges gender-sceptical discourses and highlights the transformative potential of gender frameworks in medical and social contexts.

2025, ANAIS IX SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA UFPB: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DA DEMOCRACIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

2025, ANAIS DO VIII SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA UFPB: DITADURAS MILITARES, ESTADO DE EXCEÇÃO E RESISTÊNCIA DEMOCRÁTICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

2025, We Can Do Better: Feminist Manifestos for Media and Communication

This book chapter argues that journalists should know more about intersex people, a group that has been referred to as "the last invisible minority." Few news people are aware of the fact that the sex binary is not objective, natural, or supported by current scientific evidence. Although journalists pride themselves on being silence breakers, they have not yet broken the taboo surrounding the topic of intersex, despite an oft-repeated estimate that 1.7 percent of people are intersex. Reporters may presume that if no celebrities are coming out as intersex and no intersex people are emailing or calling them, there is nothing to cover. The limited news is complicated by the fact that many intersex people do not realize they are intersex or (more often) treat their differences as secret medical conditions. Though these patterns of secrecy and ignorance are unsurprising, they create a catch-22. On the one hand, limited self-knowledge among intersex people means lacking or limited news; on the other hand, limited news coverage perpetuates lacking or limited self-knowledge. When reporters cover intersex issues, errors abound, sometimes factual but more often contextual. Addressing the need for more—and more accurate—coverage means that not only reporters but also editors, producers, and publishers need to see the need to offer adequate representation to what may be the world’s last invisible minority.

2025, Aloma Revista De Psicologia Ciencies De L Educacio I De L Esport Blanquerna

L'actuació logopkdica en pacients afasics ha de tenir en compte tant l'alteració específica com la vessant personal i social de la persona atesa. El resultat de les nostres intervencions estara, per tant, lligat a factors no solament tkcnics sinó també personals. En l'article reflexionem sobre aquesta doble tasca, tkmica i humana. Fem primer un repas a l'argumentació tecirica que fonamenta la nostra practica clínica, repassem les variables de la relació terapkutica i, finalment, donem veu a persones que viuen l'expen'kncia de no poder-se comunicar. 1 logopeda, com a especialista en la rehabilitació dels trastorns afasics i formant part de les professions sanitaries, ha de consolidar la seva tasca clínica davant les demandes dels col.lectius sanitaris i socials. Aquests reclamen una practica professional que sigui productiva, contrastada i basada en l'evidencia.

2025

Recenze na knihu Oliver Lovrenski: Když nám bylo míň. Z norského originálu Da vi var yngre (2023) přeložil Václav Křenek. 1. vydání. Praha: Paseka, 2024. 248 stran. Vyšlo v časopise Plav 5/2025,... more

2025

Relying on filmic representations, in this presentation I wish to use the concept of intercorporeality to flesh out the notion of transfeminism as a bodily project and as an ethical commitment to the (intersex) Other. I take the concept of intercorporeality from philosopher Gail Weiss, who writes: "To describe embodiment as intercorporeality is to emphasize that the experience of being embodied is never a private affair, but is always already mediated by our continual interactions with other human and nonhuman bodies" (1999, p. 5). Weiss argues that subjects construct their body images via corporeal exchanges with infinite others. To reformulate: Others lay claim to our bodies at the same time as we lay claim to them. While these exchanges may problematize the unity of the "I", importantly, it is this ongoing confusion of bodily boundaries that is the condition of having a body at all. Weiss places the subject squarely in the social, in the company of others, following Merleau-Ponty in claiming that the body "bears the schema of the world in itself" (p. 11). Sociality also means a corporeal acknowledgment of bodies" transformative potential, whereby alternative imaginary schemas would serve as "corporeal solutions" to the exclusion of sexual, racial and other differences that "set bodies apart from, and thereby put them in relation to, one another" (ibid.) A negative correlation may be produced by the mainstream "exposure" of trans and intersex people as "»really« another gender" (Bettcher, 2006, p. 204; Morland, 2012); a positive one by a shared, joyful historicity (Yusin, 2022).

2025, Cadernos do Patrimonio: Cemiterio do Bonfim - patrimonio cultural, arte e fê.

O "Cadernos do Patrimônio: Cemitério do Bonfim" explora o multifacetado Cemitério do Bonfim em Belo Horizonte como um relevante patrimônio cultural, artístico e histórico de Minas Gerais. A publicação detalha o contexto de sua construção no século XIX, a riqueza da arte tumular com obras de importantes artistas e marmoristas, e as diversas manifestações culturais, religiosas e simbólicas que o configuram como um "museu a céu aberto" e espaço de memória viva. Além de abordar as dimensões materiais e imateriais, o caderno discute o papel do cemitério como referência cultural e espaço educativo, e destaca as ações do IEPHA-MG, incluindo inventários, para o conhecimento, promoção e preservação integral deste bem, reconhecendo também a importância dos seus trabalhadores na salvaguarda desse legado.

2025

Table of Contents: I. Introductory Concepts (p. 1) II. Epidemiological Considerations (p. 2) III. Diagnostic Nomenclature (p. 3) IV. The Mental Health Professional (p. 6) V. Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents (p. 8) VI. Psychotherapy with Adults (p. 11) VII. Requirements for Hormone Therapy for Adults (p. 13) VIII. Effects of Hormone Therapy in Adults (p. 14) IX. The Real-life Experience (p. 17) X. Surgery (p. 18) XI. Breast Surgery (p. 19) XII. Genital Surgery (p. 20) XIII. Post-Transition Follow-up (p. 22) The Purpose of the Standards of Care. The major purpose of the Standards of Care (SOC) is to articulate this international organization's professional consensus about the psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical management of gender identity disorders. Professionals may use this document to understand the parameters within which they may offer assistance to those with these conditions. Persons with gender identity disorders, their families, and social institutions may use the SOC to understand the current thinking of professionals. All readers should be aware of the limitations of knowledge in this area and of the hope that some of the clinical uncertainties will be resolved in the future through scientific investigation. The Overarching Treatment Goal. The general goal of psychotherapeutic, endocrine, or surgical therapy for persons with gender identity disorders is lasting personal comfort with the gendered self in order to maximize overall psychological well-being and self-fulfillment. The Standards of Care Are Clinical Guidelines. The SOC are intended to provide flexible directions for the treatment of persons with gender identity disorders. When eligibility requirements are stated they are meant to be minimum requirements. Individual professionals and organized programs may modify them. Clinical departures from these guidelines may come about because of a patient's unique anatomic, social, or psychological situation, an experienced professional's evolving method of handling a common situation, or a research protocol. These departures should be recognized as such, explained to the patient, and documented both for legal protection and so that the short and long term results can be retrieved to help the field to evolve. The Clinical Threshold. A clinical threshold is passed when concerns, uncertainties, and questions about gender identity persist during a person's development, become so intense as to seem to be the most important aspect of a person's life, or prevent the establishment of a relatively unconflicted gender identity. The person's struggles are then variously informally referred to as a gender identity problem, gender dysphoria, a gender problem, a gender concern, gender distress, gender conflict, or transsexualism. Such struggles are known to occur from the preschool years to old age and have many alternate forms. These reflect various degrees of personal dissatisfaction with sexual identity, sex and gender demarcating body characteristics, gender roles, gender identity, and the perceptions of others. When dissatisfied individuals meet specified criteria in one of two official nomenclatures--the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)--they are formally designated as suffering from a gender identity disorder (GID). Some persons with GID exceed another threshold--they persistently possess a wish for surgical transformation of their bodies. Two Primary Populations with GID Exist --Biological Males and Biological Females. The sex of a patient always is a significant factor in the management of GID. Clinicians need to separately consider the biologic, social, psychological, and economic dilemmas of each sex. All patients, however, should follow the SOC. Prevalence. When the gender identity disorders first came to professional attention, clinical perspectives were largely focused on how to identify candidates for sex reassignment surgery. As the field matured, professionals recognized that some persons with bona fide gender identity disorders neither desired nor were candidates for sex reassignment surgery. The earliest estimates of prevalence for transsexualism in adults were 1 in 37,000 males and 1 in 107,000 females. The most recent prevalence information from the Netherlands for the transsexual end of the gender identity disorder spectrum is 1 in 11,900 males and 1 in 30,400 females. Four observations, not yet firmly supported by systematic study, increase the likelihood of an even higher prevalence: 1) unrecognized gender problems are occasionally diagnosed when patients are seen with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, substance abuse, dissociative identity disorders, borderline personality disorder, other sexual disorders and intersexed conditions; 2) some nonpatient male transvestites, female impersonators, transgender people, and male and female homosexuals may have a form of gender identity disorder; 3) the intensity of some persons' gender identity disorders fluctuates below and above a clinical threshold; 4) gender variance among female-bodied individuals tends to be relatively invisible to the culture, particularly to mental health professionals and scientists.

2025

A researched essay that explores the biological evidence for intersex conditions and gender identity and makes the argument that the average understanding of sex and gender is not nuanced enough to properly encompass the knowledge we have... more

2025

Der Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber das Kindschaftsrecht Japans aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht. Der Beitrag beginnt mit einem kurzen historischen Abriss uber die Entwicklung des japanischen Familienrechts, der das sogenannte „Haussystem“ (ie-seido) vorstellt, das in dem Zivilgesetz (ZG) in der Fassung von 1898 eine legislative Anerkennung fand. Das „Haus“ (ie) bestand im Sinne einer „Familieneinheit“ aus einer Blutsverwandtschaft mehrerer Generationen und trug einen einheitlichen Familiennamen. Der „Hausherr“ (koshu) hatte die „hausherrliche Gewalt“ in allen die Familie betreffenden Angelegenheiten. Dieses patriarchalische System war jedoch mit der Nachkriegsverfassung von 1946 unvereinbar, die unter anderem die Wurde des Individuums und die Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau festschreibt. Im Jahre 1947 wurde deshalb der familien- und erbrechtliche Teil des ZG vollstandig reformiert. Seit jener grundlegenden Novellierung ist es aber nur zu punktuellen weiteren Reforme...

2025

Universidade Federal da Integracao Latino Americana (UNILA-PR) e Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE-PR)

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Entre les prémisses du marché des auto-tests, et la délivrance de premières certifications qui ont scellé l'existence officielle de ce marché, une vingtaine d'année aura été nécessaire pour que ces dispositifs s'étendent en dehors de la clinique, et en l'absence de toute ambigüité juridique. Alors que les auto-tests font débat à divers titres, le présent article se concentre essentiellement sur les prises de positions épistémiques, à leur égard, par la profession médicale. Celle-ci reconnaît-elle les auto-tests comme un dispositif médical ? Dans un second temps, les données empiriques qu'apporte une telle étude de cas permettent de « tester » le concept de médicalisation sur un plan théorique. Au final, les difficultés analytiques qui apparaissent lors de sa confrontation à ces données ne sont pas tant inhérentes au concept lui-même, qu'à l'autonomie de la profession médicale, ce qui reste non explicite dans les revues de littérature (voire peu explicite dans la littérature académique). Tout en resituant ce concept dans la littérature (entre autres une littérature qui lui est antérieure), le présent texte discute de son rapport à la médecine (perçue comme une institution), et en précise modestement certains aspects définitionnels. La conclusion soulève la question de la spécificité de la médecine, dans son rapport avec l'informatique d'un côté, et l'anatomo-physiologie de l'autre.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, Revista …

Os dilemas da definição sexual: como proceder com a criança nascida com graves alterações genitais?

2025

La critica que el camp de la Criminologia ha distorsionat o ignorat grups socials particulars no es quelcom recent. Durant decades, des del feminisme s'ha denunciat que tant la teoria com la investigacio criminologiques han deixat de banda les dones com a subjectes d'estudi, ja sigui ignorant-les d'un possible interes cientific o assumint-ne estereotips respecte als rols de la criminalitat i la victimologia. De la mateixa manera, han quedat fora de l'interes de la Criminologia les dimensions de l'orientacio sexual, la identitat de genere i l'expressio de genere. Aixi doncs, poca atencio s'ha prestat a com influeixen aquestes dimensions en les discriminacions i violencies que pateixen persones dels col·lectius LGBTI+. De fet, en la present recerca es defensara la tesis que les discriminacions i violencies LGTBI+fobiques son un mecanisme de control que castiga qui s'allunya del model binari imposat en base a un estandard d'heterosexualitat i una jer...

2025

This thesis approaches the work of Manuel Puig regarding the critical relationship that the Argentine author accounted for and established with the natural and cultural landscape of the pampas. Firstly, this 'uncomfortable' relationship serves the purpose of placing Puig's work within the history of Latin American narrative as a crucial turning point that unveils literary and cultural rigidities of the region. Regarding the imbrication between cinema and literature it emphasises, Puig's work would constitute a rupture with a certain canonical Latin American narrative by means of both an effective and affective political relationship set between bodies and mediascapes. I chiefly discuss and critically revisit the framework elaborated by Cuban critic Roberto González Echevarría on Latin American narrative, as well as the historical debate on culture/identity opened by D. F. Sarmiento from the nineteenth century onwards. Secondly, Puig's 'uncomfortable' relationship makes it possible to address both literary and cinematic works that underline their own discontent with traditional narratives, thus raising relevant issues of territory, landscape, the national/transnational and language/translation, and, in so doing, supporting the idea of an 'uncomfortable Latin American narrative.' The work of Colombian Andrés Caicedo and Chilean Alberto Fuguet as well as specific films of the Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai and the Argentine Lucrecia Martel are analysed. I use the general theoretical framework and my own analysis of Puig, together with the corresponding theoretical complements, in order to approach the above mentioned authors' respective works. quite ideological spaces Puig successively faces: the Italian neorealism rules he encounters in Rome as a cinema student at Cinecittà, the Argentine literary/cultural context on the verge of his literary debut and the canon of Latin American literature itself at that time. These spaces constitute literary and cultural landscapes, and, as I shall argue, Puig summarises them under a significant label: the dry pampas. From this perspective, Puig's work constitutes a privileged precedent. It enables us to understand other works/texts -either cinematic or literary-which have attempted to challenge canonical modes of representation, and in some cases even the very idea of something restrictively called 'Latin American.' The filmmakers and authors addressed here can be placed in conjunction with Puig's work, as they deal with analogous overlaps as well as with similar restrictive spaces, though raising important discontents of their own. In that sense, however, Puig's work by no means constitutes a definitive source for the authors/directors chosen, the explicit influence some of them have acknowledged notwithstanding. Their works do not replicate Puig's position, albeit they can be related to it, that is, to their own respective critical positions within their respective literary/cinematic realms. While Alberto Fuguet's work can be seen as influenced directly by Puig, it deals however with both cultural and linguistic landscapes strongly linked to Fuguet's own transnational background. The work of Colombian Andrés Caicedo appears practically in parallel to Puig's, early detaching from celebrated Latin American literature produced from the 1960s on (with the Boom generation and the context of magical realism). In a similar way, while it is possible to address the traces that Puig's work has left upon Wong Karwai's aesthetic, a film such as Happy Together (1997) raises questions (for example, in relation to hybridity and transnationalism) beyond the scope of this influence. Lucrecia Martel's La ciénaga (2001), for its part, depicts uncomfortable bodies surrounded by a landscape just opposite to Puig's dry pampas. What matters here, therefore, is not so much the influence as the discontent itself, which might be considered, as we shall see in the end, as prominently political. In an article in part devoted to explain the link between cinema and literature, the first sentence Puig writes is neither related to the literary nor to the cinematic, but to the geographical. Yet it corresponds not to an allegory resorted to in order to explain something else, for Puig's complaint has concrete coordinates. The Argentine author goes on explaining how far his provincial village was from other points of reference (Buenos Aires, the sea, the mountains), and also how he believed there was a sort of comforting oasis located in that arid town where he grew up: 'en la pantalla del cine del pueblo se to show how Sarmiento's work constitutes an Argentine and Latin American tradition that Puig both deals with and works from. It is not just a matter of how Puig disobeys certain cultural boundaries, but how these boundaries constrain both Puig's work and life, therefore, how Puig manages to destabilise Sarmiento's tradition. For our starting point is, above all, an autobiographical story about transits -and not just about oppositions-from province to city, from the pampas to Buenos Aires, from Argentina to Europe: 'En Buenos Aires no existía la realidad del placer. […] Tardé muy poco tiempo en descubrir que tampoco en Roma […] existía esa ansiada realidad paralela' (Puig 1985a, p. 7). Thus, in Chapter 2 I argue that even though Puig's work unfolds within Sarmiento's tradition (rejecting the pampas), it detaches from it to the extent that Puig feels, unlike Sarmiento, as uncomfortable in the pampas as at the city or at European metropolitan centres. Here the geographical aspect shows its cultural implications and its tight imbrication with those restricted realms Puig experiences and, as we shall examine, with relevant transnational and linguistic displacements involved. This set of elements define the thesis's first two chapters, providing a general context for the following two ones in my analysis of the works of Martel, Wong, Caicedo, and Fuguet. Unlike the first two ones, both Chapter 3, which focuses separately on Alberto Fuguet's and Andrés Caicedo's work, and Chapter 4, which approaches Wong Kar-wai's and Lucrecia Martel's oeuvre in consecutive sections, tend to address specific works. This is at least for a couple of reasons. First, in addressing specific works, this thesis achieves an important counterbalance to previous chapters, which are centred exclusively on Puig's work critically regarding Puig's years before his literary debut. Second, I consider that the work/films analysed stand out, respectively, as the most pertinent to be linked to the matters this thesis focuses upon. Additional theoretical definitions will be offered throughout. Considering that what is at stake is, basically, the refusal of a determined landscape, it is relevant to regard those other substitute sceneries which, in most of Puig's novels, seem to soften the sternness in every setting. Unlike the representation of nature that, as we shall see in Chapter 1, has historically dominated Latin American literature, Puig's work images of nature constitute unrooted fragments provided mainly by the cinematic imagination (mediascapes). However, these fetishised depictions taken mainly from the Hollywood archiveespecially tropical/Caribbean iconic images-are by no means neutral; they become an effective means of resisting those strenuous spaces Puig's characters often endure. This leads us to the problem of how nature is represented. If Puig's work decompresses a certain 11 overpresence of nature in Latin American narrative, as I argue in Chapter 1, it is worth understanding how this relationship is restated, how natural landscapes can take on other forms and roles. For this purpose, we need a helpful theory of the representation of nature. Nils Lindahl's Mediating Nature (2006) offers us a suitable approach that is important to define beforehand. Lindahl distinguishes three discourses of nature. First, the naturalist discourse, wherein nature is defined through a traditional distinction, 'premised on a separation between the human and non-human nature, between nature and culture ' (2006, p. 18). The second one, the culturalist discourse, considers nature as culturally defined, nature is constructed as a (meta-)discourse itself, a result of seventeenth-century Western philosophy (ibid.). The third discourse, the postmodern one, regards nature not as an objective nonhuman reality, and not as a discursive apparatus either. Nature, instead, constitutes a hybridism beyond the culture-nature separation, involving 'mutually imbricating elements, some of which are "other than human" or "more than human," and whose proverbial "sum" is something other than the "parts"' (ibid., p. 21). However, for Lindahl these discourses 2 do not suffice, as his analysis focuses not only on the nature of nature, but specially on mass-mediated nature. The difficulty arises when, despite the synthetic postmodern approach, Lindahl needs to figure out how nature has been something taught, learned, referred to, or massively reproduced, that is, something with a significant degree of autonomy from human experience. Thus, drawing on Charles Pierce's linguistics, Lindahl develops a perspective comprising three interrelated categories. Firstly, the nature of firstness, nature as pure virtuality and possibility: 'The metaphors of Eden used repeatedly to describe such a nature are appropriate in so far as they emphasize the promised and promising nature of the context' (p. 26). Secondly, nature as secondness, where it becomes 'a matter of action and reactions' (ibid.), of causalities and physical efforts which force an experience, nature 'of the ant that bites explorers, of an oil palm nut that falls into a river' (p. 27). Finally, the nature of thirdness, whereby nature becomes signs and 'all the media by means of which nature might be represented, and/or might be made to present itself: nature re/presented' (ibid.). These categories, however, never appear...

2025

Paradigmas en estallido: epistemologías para una ¿post?psiquiatría Resumen: Las epistemologías feministas y poscoloniales han hecho importantes aportaciones a múltiples campos teóricos. La postpsiquiatría, en tanto que nacida durante el periodo posmoderno y orientada a rehacer parte de la teoría y la práctica psiquiátrica, es uno de los campos donde otras miradas y la experiencia de otros paradigmas asimismo cuestionados y ampliamente debatidos resultan enriquecedoras. A partir de puntos de conflicto paralelos se estudian las analogías y diferencias entre los distintos campos teóricos, buscando qué soluciones puede incorporar la psiquiatría contemporánea si quiere definirse como postpsiquiatría.

2025, Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales

In this article we present a critical review of the psychological and psychiatric perspectives that address trans mental health. We highlight how their expansion, in the form of diagnostic and therapeutic culture, has impacted everyday language and social movements, sometimes to the detriment of political action and reflection. We draw on genealogies of feminist, queer, racialized and mad collective resistances to rethink the frameworks of meaning and response surrounding distress and madness. From this perspective, we propose trans-mad alliances as urgent and necessary, viewing them as depathologizing and anti-oppressive strategies that can expand these frameworks and translate them into social justice, transcending individualization through collectivity. We seek to reclaim the communities of affection, care and support that have historically characterized the trans collective in the face of various forms of violence and exile of cisheterosexist, racist and sanist societies.

2025

2025, History Research Journal

Transgender individuals who identify as neither exclusively male nor female are often referred to as the "Third Gender" or "Hijras" in India. Historically, this community has faced severe marginalization and discrimination. They have been subjected to physical, sexual, and verbal abuse and ostracized from society due to their appearances and behaviors, which challenge traditional gender norms. Hijras are individuals, assigned male or female at birth, who reject conventional gender identities, often blending or moving fluidly between them. For centuries, mainstream heteronormative society has overlooked their vulnerabilities and frustrations, leaving the community stigmatized and marginalized. In contemporary times, Hijras are recognized as part of the broader "transgender" umbrella, which includes transsexual, transvestite, intersex, and bigender individuals. Despite this inclusion, they continue to face systemic exclusion, being deprived of fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution. They often endure homelessness, inadequate medical care, hormonal pill misuse, and high rates of depression. Recognizing these challenges, the Supreme Court of India has played a pivotal role in protecting the rights of the transgender community. Following its intervention, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment introduced the scheme SMILE (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise). This initiative aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitation and promote the welfare of transgender persons, striving to address their unique needs and ensure their integration into society.

2025

È urgente riaffermare la differenza tra il concetto di 'sesso' e quello di 'genere', il cui utilizzo, su suggestione post-modernista, è ormai frequentemente esteso fino a coprire l'intero campo semantico di 'sesso'. Il femminismo degli anni Settanta e la sociologia invece distinguevano e distinguono tra sesso biologico e 'genere' come 'ruolo sociale': l'insieme di norme che classificano comportamenti e simboli come 'maschili' e 'femminili' al fine di subordinare il femminile. Mentre abbattere il genere era un obiettivo femminista, ora si rivendica l''identità di genere' nei movimenti transfemministi e LGBTQI+, si attribuisce la qualifica di 'cisgender', si accetta la definizione medica di 'disforia di genere' (DSM del 2013) di cui soffrirebbero quegli individui che pur accettando il proprio sesso presentano uno 'sviluppo atipico dell'identità di genere'. Questa nuova condizione non è più quindi la transessualità, ma la mancata adesione agli stereotipi di genere. Il capitolo si occupa di come la disforia di genere sia diagnosticata nei bambini, adolescenti e adulti, e di come il modello gender-affirming si proponga di curare i minori 'cambiando' il loro 'sesso', al fine di confermare il 'genere' che esprimono. Il modello di affermazione del genere si basa su una ricerca dalle conclusioni errate , mentre non si è mai trovato un locus biologico per la diagnosi di transessualità, né per la disforia di genere. I medici stessi ammettono di non poter distinguere i 'minori trans' da quelli che sperimentano, che sono ribelli al genere, e che da adulti diventeranno con ogni probabilità gay e lesbiche.

2025, Argumentation and Advocacy

We explore the impact that the digital presentation of arguments has upon audience participation and argument construction through the analysis of two posts each from two popular X (formally Twitter) partisan sites, Libs of TikTok and absolutely based. Using argument based and assumption-based posts, we subject both to a rhetorical and a computer assisted analysis. For the rhetorical analysis we use elements of theories of visual argument, enthymemes, and epideictic discourse. We couple this with an analysis using The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) program, through which we look at seven elements: Word Count, Clout, Emotional Tone, Authenticity, Culture, Affect, and Social Behaviors. Our findings indicate strong differences in the ways that argument posts facilitated comments, but less so with assumption posts. Both left and right sites "argued" in similar fashion, although Libs of TikTok tended to express derision against "views, " whereas absolutely based tended to express derision against "people. " Neither group engaged in traditional forms of argument but instead enacted a base form of epideictic persuasion.

2025, Yale Law Journal

The U.S. Supreme Court is poised to address the constitutionality of state laws banning gender-affirming care for transgender youth. This Article provides a comprehensive legal analysis of these bans, uncovering a disturbing normative paradox: despite claiming to protect minors by banning gender-affirming care, these laws simultaneously endorse coercive medical interventions through clauses that permit such procedures for intersex infants. This internal contradiction turns the Court’s search for the bans’ rational basis into an exercise in irrationality, demonstrating their failure to meet even the most basic standard of constitutional scrutiny. The Article first challenges prevailing legal narratives by considering the legal interests of trans and intersex minors as distinct yet interconnected. It then argues that the internal incoherence of gender-affirming-care bans amounts to legislative irrationality. This analysis reveals that the statutes’ only rational aim is an illegitimate one: an intent to enforce binary understandings of sex and gender on minors’ bodies, jeopardizing their health and well-being in contravention of core constitutional safeguards. Finally, the Article extends its doctrinal argument by offering a complementary normative vision, grounded in reproductive justice and critical disability studies, for minors’ bodily self-determination.

2025, Revista Direito e Sexualidade

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se, frente aos sistemas de direitos humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas e Interamericano, as cirurgias de "normalização" de genitália ambígua, realizadas em crianças e adolescentes intersexo, podem ser consideradas uma violação de seus direitos humanos. Analisase, inicialmente, o que é a intersexualidade, a contar de seus aspectos sociológicos e médicos. Em seguida, foram analisados os sistemas onusiano e interamericano de direitos humanos, juntamente com seus arcabouços legais sobre a intersexualidade e, especificamente, sobre os direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes intersexo. Por meio das disposições da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948), da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança (1989), da Declaração Americana dos Direitos e Deveres do Homem (1948) e do Pacto de São José da Costa Rica (1969), entre outras determinações, pode-se entender que as cirurgias de "normalização" de genitália ambígua em crianças e adolescentes intersexo, sem seu consentimento, são consideradas, pelos sistemas de direitos humanos analisados, uma violação dos direitos humanos desse grupo social e, inclusive, uma forma de tortura.

2025, Revista Direito e Sexualidade

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se, frente aos sistemas de
direitos humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas e Interamericano, as cirurgias de “normalização” de genitália ambígua, realizadas em crianças e adolescentes intersexo, podem ser consideradas uma violação de seus direitos humanos. Analisase, inicialmente, o que é a intersexualidade, a contar de seus aspectos sociológicos e médicos. Em seguida, foram analisados os sistemas onusiano e interamericano de direitos humanos, juntamente com seus arcabouços legais sobre a intersexualidade e, especificamente, sobre os direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes intersexo. Por meio das disposições da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948), da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança (1989), da Declaração Americana dos Direitos e Deveres do Homem (1948) e do Pacto de São José da Costa Rica (1969), entre outras determinações, pode-se entender que as cirurgias de “normalização” de genitália ambígua em crianças e adolescentes intersexo, sem seu consentimento, são consideradas, pelos sistemas de direitos humanos analisados, uma violação dos direitos humanos desse grupo social e, inclusive, uma forma de tortura.

2025, Salud Publica

Se investigaron las percepciones sobre la salud mental entre miembros de la comunidad LGBTIQ+ que utilizaron el Programa 'Lohana Berkins' (PLB) del Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos 'San Roque' en Gonnet, La Plata. El objetivo fue relevar conocimientos prácticos, expectativas y narrativas sobre sus experiencias de atención en salud mental, identificando problemáticas prevalentes, modos de abordaje, barreras al acceso y redes de recursos. Utilizando el enfoque metodológico de la Investigación Cualitativa Consensual (CQR), se exploraron sistemáticamente las experiencias de les participantes, generando resultados confiables mediante un proceso cooperativo y auditado. Los resultados muestran que, aunque el PLB es valorado por su calidad y accesibilidad, persisten barreras en el acceso a la atención de salud mental e integral, tanto en el Hospital San Roque como en otros efectores de salud. Tales barreras incluyen la desinformación, la falta de seguimiento médico adecuado y el irrespeto a nombres y pronombres. El apoyo social y familiar durante el proceso de hormonización y otros tratamientos resultó crucial para el bienestar emocional y psicológico de les participantes. Estos hallazgos, co-producidos entre investigadores y usuaries, buscan fortalecer las redes de trabajo con la comunidad LGBTIQ+, promoviendo abordajes integrales de salud y entornos de atención más inclusivos y respetuosos de la diversidad sexo-genérica.