Islamic Ethics Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

This paper explores the daily moral values taught in the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Focusing on authentic narrations, it highlights core principles such as honesty, patience, humility, and compassion that guide... more

2025

Reviving hadith in daily activities can enhance the quality of life and gain blessings from Allah SWT. Reviving hadith in daily activities is crucial because hadith is the second source of islamic teaching after Quran. By reviving hadith,... more

2025

Arabic and Islamic hermeneutics have an ancient and a more recent history. The hermeneutical enterprise in each epoch played very different roles and fulfilled discrete purposes. Yet, it is not easy to separate the ancient and the modern hermeneutical traditions because they share overlapping vocabularies. However, the meaning, purpose and intention of hermeneutics in each epoch has also undergone radical change. Hermeneutics in the modern period is at the center of searing and often controversial debates advancing Islamic reform and reinterpreting tradition; newer forms of hermeneutics are resisted by varieties of Muslim orthodoxies among both Sunni and Shi‘a Muslims. Why do such polarizing debates occur on the stage of hermeneutics in Islam? Part of the answer is that Islam has no church: the equivalent of a church is the elaborate discursive tradition constructed and curated by religious scholars (ulama) over the centuries. The religious scholars have cultivated distinctive herme...

2025, İslam Ahlâk Düşüncesinin Gelişiminde Siyerin Önemi/The Significance of Sīra Literature in the Development of Islamic Ethical Thought

İslam ahlâk düşüncesinin temelinde çeşitli yaklaşımlar bulunmakta olup, Hz. Muhammed’in (s.a.v.) ahlâkı farklı perspektiflerden ele alınmaktadır. İslam ahlâk düşüncesi tercüme faaliyetlerinin etkisi ve yorumlanmasıyla teşekkül etmiştir. İslam ahlâk düşüncesinde özellikle “nübüvvet teorisi” bağlamında peygamberlerin akıl ve ahlâk bakımından üstün konumları ifade edilmiştir. Geleneksel İslam ahlâkı ise özellikle hadis ve fıkıh disiplinleri çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu disiplinlerden hadis ilminde erken dönemlerden itibaren Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkı hem konulu hem de müstakil eserlerce ele alınmıştır. Sonrasına Tirmizî’yle birlikte Şemâil ilmi neşet etmiştir. Şemâil türü eserlerde Hz. Peygamber’in fiziksel ve ahlâki yönleri beraber ele alınmış ve bu ilmin kapsamını oluşturmuştur. Ancak zamanla Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâki yönlerinin daha çok ele alındığı “ahlâku’n-nebî” eserleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla İslam ahlâk düşüncesi ve geleneksel İslam ahlâkı alanında yazılan eserlerin odak noktasını Hz. Peygamber oluşturmuş ve onun örnekliği belirleyici bir rol üstlenmiştir. İslam ahlâk düşüncesi (felsefe, kelam ve tasavvuf) meseleye teorik/nazari bir çerçevede yaklaşmış; hadis ilmi ise örnekler üzerinden Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkını sunmuştur. Buna mukabil, Hz. Peygamber’in hayatını baştan sona ele alan siyer eserlerinde, O’na ahlâki bir perspektiften yaklaşım büyük ölçüde ihmal edilmiştir. Bu ihmal erken dönemde yazılan siyer eserlerinin bizatihi kendisinde görüldüğü gibi ahlak düşüncesi bağlamında ele alınan disiplinlerce sürdürülmüştür. Bunda siyer kitaplarının ve özellikle ortaya çıkan ilk eserlerin büyük bir etkisi olmuştur. İlk siyer kitaplarında daha çok savaşların merkezde yer alması, Hz. Peygamber’in getirdiği mesajı ve yaşantısını arka planda bırakmıştır. Bu durum, bir yandan İslam’ı yayma düşüncesiyle fetih hareketlerinin öne çıkarılmasından, diğer yandan da tebliğ edilen dinin hak din olduğunu ispatlama çabasından kaynaklanmış olabilir. Erken dönem siyer yazımında meğâzî ve delâil rivayetlerinin sayıca daha fazla olması bu hususu destekler mahiyettedir. Bu dönemde hadis ve siyer ilmi eş zamanlı teşekkül edilmesine karşın siyer daha çok Hz. Peygamber’in hayatını kronolojik bir tarzda ele almış ve nispeten dar bir zeminde sunmuştur. Zamanla toplumsal ihtiyaçların artması ve ilim dallarının birbirinden ayrışmaya başlamasıyla birlikte siyer malzemesi giderek genişlemiş ve zenginleşmiştir. Tercüme faaliyetlerinin etkisiyle teşekkül eden İslam ahlâk düşüncesinin yanında özellikle hadis alanında da ahlâk ile ilgili eserlerin artması sonraki dönem siyer düşüncesinde karşılık bulmuştur. Bu gelişme, Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkının müstakil bir başlık olarak siyer eserlerine dâhil edilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Ancak özellikle ilk siyer eserlerinin ahlâk konusuna değinmemiş olması İslam ahlâk düşüncesinde siyerin rolünün ihmal edilmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle İslam ahlâk düşüncesinin teşekkülü ve geleneksel İslam ahlâkının ortaya çıkışı genel hatlarıyla ele alınacaktır. Ardından, özellikle İbn Sa‘d’la başlayan siyer literatüründe Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkî yönünün nasıl ele alındığı, ilgili eserlerin kronolojik bir taramasıyla ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda ise, İslam ahlâk düşüncesi ile geleneksel İslam ahlâkı metodolojisini birleştiren siyer âlimi Yahyâ b. Ebî Bekr el-Âmirî’nin Behcetü’l-Mehâfil adlı eseri çerçevesinde, ahlâk düşüncesine siyer ilminin katkıları ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, siyer ilminin İslam ahlâk düşüncesindeki yerini ve önemini vurgulayarak, bu alandaki akademik ihmalin giderilmesine katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir./ There are various approaches at the foundation of Islamic ethical thought, and the morality of the Prophet Muhammad has been addressed from different perspectives. Islamic ethical thought was formed as a result of translation movements. In particular, within the framework of the “theory of prophethood (nubuwwa theory)”, prophets were described as occupying an exalted position in terms of both intellect and morality. Traditional Islamic ethics, on the other hand, was shaped primarily within the disciplines of ḥadīth and fiqh. From the early periods onwards, the Prophet Muhammad's morality was examined in thematic and independent works within the field of ḥadīth studies. Later, with al-Tirmidhī, the discipline of Shamāʾil literature emerged. In these works, both the physical and moral characteristics of the Prophet were addressed, forming the scope of this genre. Over time, however, works focusing more specifically on the Prophet’s moral qualities, known as “Akhlāq al-Nabī” (The Morality of the Prophet), began to appear. Consequently, the Prophet Muhammad became the central focus of works produced both in the field of Islamic ethical thought and within the tradition of Islamic ethics, with his example assuming a principal role. Islamic ethical thought approached the subject from a theoretical (naẓarī) framework, while ḥadīth studies presented the Prophet’s ethics through practical examples. In contrast, the approach to the Prophet Muhammad from an ethical perspective has largely been neglected in the sīra literature, which covers his life in its entirety. This neglect is observable both in the earliest sīra works themselves and in the disciplines that later approached the subject through the lens of ethical thought. The early sīra texts, and particularly the first examples of this genre, played a significant role in this regard. These early works predominantly centered on the Prophet’s military expeditions (maghāzī), which often overshadowed his message and personal conduct. This can be attributed to the desire to demonstrate the truth of Islam as the final revealed religion through its expansionist endeavors and military conquests. The predominance of maghāzī and dalāʾil narratives in early sīra compositions further supports this point. Although the disciplines of ḥadīth and sīra developed concurrently, sīra literature generally adopted a chronological approach to narrating the Prophet’s life, presenting it on a relatively narrow basis. In later periods, as scholarly disciplines began to differentiate and societal needs evolved, the content of sīra literature expanded progressively. Alongside the emergence of Islamic ethical thought under the influence of translation movements, the increasing production of works on ethics within the field of ḥadīth studies found resonance in the later development of sīra literature. This process resulted in the inclusion of the Prophet’s morality as an independent subject within sīra works. Nevertheless, the absence of any significant treatment of ethics in the earliest sīra texts contributed to the marginalization of sīra’s role within Islamic ethical thought. This study first outlines the formation of Islamic ethical thought and the emergence of traditional Islamic ethics in broad terms. It then focuses on the treatment of the Prophet Muhammad’s moral character in sīra works, beginning particularly with Ibn Saʿd. This is carried out through a chronological analysis of these texts. Finally, the study examines the contributions of sīra to ethical thought through the work of the sīra scholar Yaḥyā b. Abī Bakr al-ʿĀmirī, particularly in the context of his Bahjat al-Mahāfil. By doing so, this study aims to emphasize the significance of sīra studies within Islamic ethical thought and to address the neglect that has persisted in this area.

2025, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University

This study conducts a comparative analysis of conflict of interest in modern corporate codes of ethics and the commercial etiquette of Imami jurisprudence to elucidate their differences and convergences in addressing this challenge. The research questions focus on defining conflict of interest, its management in each system, and their points of convergence and divergence. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on authoritative jurisprudential sources and leading corporate codes, conflict of interest is defined as a clash between professional duties and personal interests. The modern system, rooted in profit-orientation and organizational efficiency, manages conflicts in financial, human resource, asset, and external interaction domains through tools like disclosure, oversight, and ethics committees, emphasizing transparency and risk mitigation. Conversely, Imami jurisprudence, grounded in a monotheistic worldview and the pursuit of divine satisfaction, addresses conflicts through makruh acts (e.g., harmful intermediation, non-prohibited hoarding) and mustahabbat (e.g., price equalization, accepting contract rescission) , guided by principles like averting probable harm, prioritizing greater good, and eliminating corruption. Comparative analysis reveals that despite profound differences in theoretical and ultimate foundations, both systems converge on transparency, fairness, and prioritizing collective interests, providing a foundation for fostering a jurisprudence-based ethical commercial culture. The study highlights this convergence's potential to enrich ethical systems, proposing enhanced benevolence in modern corporations and the development of jurisprudence-based codes aligned with global trade.

2025, Rahmat Hidayat

This paper discusses the hadith on smiles, greetings, and good manners as important elements in Islamic proselytization. These practices promote social peace and harmony. Through text analysis, the study highlights how these simple acts... more

2025, A Review of Contemporary Philosophy

This research aims to clarify the differences in defining cognitive goals and beneficial sciences between Al-Fa ra bī and Al-Ghaza lī , based on their theoretical and practical classifications of the sciences. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts three main methodologies: the descriptive approach, the analytical approach, and the comparative approach. The findings indicate that Al-Fa ra bī classifies the sciences from a logical and philosophical perspective, while Al-Ghaza lī approaches them from a purely religious and Sufi standpoint. However, both thinkers agree that the ultimate purpose of these sciences is to achieve human happiness. According to Al-Fa ra bī , beneficial sciences are those that develop the intellect and contribute to the wellbeing of society within the framework of the ideal city. He views knowledge as an end in itself and maintains that the advancement of human beings in the theoretical sciences brings them closer to true happiness. In contrast, Al-Ghaza lī defines beneficial sciences as those that strengthen faith and purify the soul, thereby leading to eternal happiness. He considers knowledge not as an end, but as a means to righteous action, where the correct application of knowledge enables self-purification. If misused, however, knowledge may become a source of harm to its possessor.

2025

Talha Hakan Alp, Mustafa Öztürk ve Dücane Cündioğlu Hocalarım, birçok ilimlerde usta da olsalar, Kur'an'ı anlamada sıkıntı ve sorunları vardır. Kur'an'ın mucizeliği tarihte abartılmıştır, diyorlar. Çünkü onlar Kur'an'ı Allah'ın sözü değil... more

2025, Nigeria Journal of Research and Production

Ethics enjoys a place of crucial importance in the structure in the
structure of Islamic teaching. The negligence of moral teaching caused
serious consequence of social vices that become rampant among the
young ones in schools. This paper focuses on how exemplary lives of
Islamic teachers can go a long way in fostering morals, characters and
sound attitude of pupils, and also it gives a limelight on the role of
Islamic studies teacher in the social value. Also, many Qura’nic and
Prophetie injunctions would be showcased for rebreeding the moral,
ethics and attitudes of the individuals in the world over especially the
Islamic studies teacher.

2025, Journal of Islam in Asia

This research seeks to introduce an Islamic ethical framework for athletes with an integrated holistic approach. People’s engagement in sports, the fundamental aspect of human nature, shows a defining characteristic of civilizations throughout history. It is widely acknowledged that sports enable people to transcend their religious, ethnic, language, cultural, racial, and other differences. Islam teaches Muslims rules and regulations concerning their participation in sports. Despite Islam’s endorsement of sports activities, the extent to which academic engagement with sports from an Islamic perspective has been explored remains uncertain. This paper aims to address this gap by analyzing the content of selected existing literature to underscore the necessity of developing an ethical framework for athletes rooted in Islamic ethical norms. Descriptive and analytical methods are used in this research while dealing with secondary sources, including journal articles, book chapters, and websites. The findings reveal an absence of comprehensive Islamic ethical frameworks with an integrated holistic approach explicitly tailored for athletes. Introducing an integrated holistic approach from the Islamic perspective will respond to athletes’ contemporary challenges and foster holistic athlete development within the global sporting community.

2025, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi

Throughout Islamic history, certain works have stood out for both their scholarly significance and their wide geographical dissemination, leaving lasting impressions across diverse Muslim societies. In this context, Mishkāt al-Masābīh, a compilation of foundational hadith sources by al-Khatīb al-Tabrīzī (d. after 740 AH [?]), and his biographical companion work al-Ikmāl fî Asmâʾ al-Rijāl, which presents the transmitters featured in the compilation, are among the seminal texts that not only held influence during their own time but also guided hadith scholarship across various Islamic regions in subsequent centuries. One of the regions where these works had the most profound impact was the Indian subcontinent. Among the scholars who showed particular interest in al-Ikmâl within the intellectual tradition of the Indian subcontinent, ʿAbd al-Haqq Dihlavī (d. 1052/1642) played a pivotal role in introducing the work to this region and integrating it into hadith education, through his engagement with Mishkāt al-Masābīh. This article aims to examine the nature of al-Ikmāl, composed in Tabriz during the 8 th /14 th century under Shî'î Ilkhanid rule yet firmly rooted in Sunni tradition, and to assess its influence on the Islamic scholarly tradition that developed in 11 th/ 17 th century India. Furthermore, by tracing the circulation of the work across different geographical regions, the study evaluates its position within classical biographical historiography and analyzes how al-Ikmāl was recontextualized in the Indian landscape, particularly through the scholarly approach of ʿAbd al-Haqq Dihlavī. The study employs a content analysis approach supported by comparative readings of relevant sources. It analyzes the textual content, isnad structures, and selection of transmitters to illuminate the interpretative frameworks through which al-Ikmāl was received and reinterpreted. In doing so, it evaluates both the original context of the text's composition and its subsequent transformations in new intellectual and regional settings. The article argues that ʿAbd al-Haqq Dihlavī's engagement with Tabrīzī's works-particularly following his education in the Hijaz at the turn of the first millennium-had a significant impact on the trajectory of hadith scholarship in the Indian subcontinent. This interaction laid the groundwork for the reinterpretation and transmission of the classical hadith tradition within local scholarly frameworks, thereby ensuring its continuity across generations. Plagiarism This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via a plagiarism software. Ethical Statement: It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.

2025, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi

2025

This paper surveys explicit and implicit references to Ali b. Abī Ṭālib and the Alid imams in the Epistles of the Ikhwan Pure Brethren (Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ). Special attention is given to three epistles: 'On Ethics' (epistle 9) contains various narrations connected in various ways with Ali; 'On Opinions and Religions' (epistle 42) focuses on the issue of the imamate, and 'On Animals' (epistle 22) includes an allegorical account of the Sovereign Bee (yaʿsūb), which may have been intended as a symbol for the Imam. In support of this identification, the paper puts the passages from the Epistles in conversation with a) the hadith in which the Prophet Muhammad is reported to have referred to Ali as the chief of the believers (yaʿsūb al-muʾminīn), which appears in late 9th-century sources; and b) the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses on the bees (Q. 16:68-9) and on the river of honey (Q. 47:15), and honey in general, in various Ismaili sources, mostly from the Fatimid period.

2025, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi Journal of Kocatepe Islamic Sciences

Tıpla yakından ilgilenen İslâm filozofları, bedenî tıbbın verileri ile insan
ruhunun gelişimini yakından ilgilendiren ahlâk ve erdemlerin inşasını
beraber ele almışlardır. Bu bakımdan İslâm felsefesinde “nefiste yerleşik olan
yatkınlık” şeklinde tanımlanan ahlâk, Galen’in İslâm düşüncesine etkisiyle
“ruhânî bir tababet” olarak da kabul görmüştür. Bu noktada hem ahlâk
filozofu hem de teorik tıpçı ve psikolog kimliği ile Ebû Zeyd el-Belhî, ruh
hastalıkları ile ahlâkî yönelimleri beraber değerlendirmiş; bedenî ve ruhî
hastalıklara bir konumlandırma yapmak suretiyle bunlar arasındaki
etkileşimi ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, ruhsal tıp ve psikoterapinin İslâm
düşüncesindeki öncü ismi Belhî’nin Mesâlihu’l-ebdân ve’l-enfüs adlı eseri
çerçevesinde ahlâk ile tıp arasında kurmak istediği ilişkiyi araştırmanın
problemi olarak belirlemekte ve bunu tartışmaya açmaktadır. Belhî’nin, dinî
hakikatin ancak felsefî araştırmalarla gerçek anlamda anlaşılabileceğini ve
bunun da ruh-beden dengesi ile yapılabileceğini ileri sürmesi, ahlâk-tıp
arasında kurmak istediği ilişkinin din-felsefe uzlaşısı çatısı altında
gerçekleşeceğini gösterir. Belhî, burada ahlâkı Galenci ahlât teorisi ile
birleştirmiş, ruhun güçlerinin itidal üzere olmasını ruh sağlığının bir şartı
olarak görmüştür. Belhî’nin Mesâlih’i, ruhsal tıp ile bedensel tıbbın verilerini
beraber ele alan ve her ikisine çözüm önerileri sunan İslâm ahlâk
literatürünün ilk eseridir. Bu yönüyle çalışma, bu alandaki literatürü yeniden
gözden geçirmekte ve özellikle Mesâlih üzerine yapılan bilimsel nitelikteki
çalışmaları ahlâk-tıp uzlaşısı ekseninde değerlendirmeye tabi tutmaktadır

2025, Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies: Special Issue: Transhumanism & Islam

The Islamic legal tradition states that God and his Prophet Muhammad teach true knowledge and practice through revelation. The discipline that engages with the revelatory sources and the derivation of norms and rules from them and extending them to related and new issues is Islamic law. In this discipline, religious scholars reflect on the legitimacy of the believers’ actions and categorize them accordingly. Societal and technological advancements are influencing this norm derivation process. For instance, medical technologies enable to cure diseases through e.g. medication and organ transplantation. As believers want to live up to certain principles of their religion, these developments require reflection from a (religious-)ethical point of view in order to determine under which circumstances to follow these developments is justified. Transhumanist enhancement, for instance, pose a challenge for this religious reflection, since it challenges the way of human existence and life as we experience(d) it in the history of humanity. After presenting the main principles and ethical bases of Islamic law, the article will discuss the Islamic legal concept of responsibility, physical integrity (ḥurma) and body with regard to transhumanistic challenges. The discussion will show that the bodily experience and existence of humans is one of the major aspects of the systematic of Islamic law. The idea of transcending the human body challenges the core systematic of Islamic law, including rituals like prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage. On the other hand, Islamic law has a structure that allows flexible and dynamic solutions that do not result automatically in a positive or negative evaluation of transhumanistic enhancement and allows interdisciplinary evaluation to which I will refer in three fictitious cases of transhumanistic enhancement. This will allow us to see that Islamic law is dependent on philosophical, theological, ethical, sociological, medical, and biological reflections on transhumanistic concepts that allows a plurality of approaches to transhumanism.

2025, IslamiCity

By: Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak 15 th June, 2025 In raising a happy family, both parents play vital roles. However, the mother’s indispensable presence in the household is often celebrated daily. In essence, every day is Mother’s Day. Across many cultures, the immense contributions of mothers tend to overshadow those of fathers. Consequently, the sacrifices made by fathers often go unrecognized until they are no longer part of the family, whether due to an untimely death or a separation from their spouse.
If mothers are seen as symbols of love, kindness, self-sacrifice, selflessness, and altruism, then fathers, by contrast, are viewed as role models for their children—particularly in areas such as time management, staying focused, crisis management, maintaining fortitude, goal setting, prudent spending, and prioritizing the needs of others.
It is an undeniable, unspoken and uncelebrated fact that fathers have pivotal roles in most families. For a wife, having her husband by her side provides support and protection as she navigates the challenges of life. Similarly, for a daughter, the presence of a father figure instils confidence, knowing there is a man to protect, guide, motivate, and advise her as she faces the world beyond the safety of home. As for a son, having a father in the household offers a role model—someone to look up to learn how to protect the family, relate to and care for the women in the home, handle financial responsibilities, etc.

2025, Oxford University Press

2025, Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

This article examines the origins of legal maxims (qawāʿid fiqhiyya, and uṣūl in early jusrists’ expression) in the early period between al-Shaybānī (d. 189/805) and al-Karkhī (d. 340/952), focusing specifically on the early de-velopment of these maxims before the fourth century AH. The article demonstrates that legal maxims were articulated in early forms as early as the second century, particularly in al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr by Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī. The finding is consistent with the methodology of subse-quent commentators on the same work, indicating a considerably earlier phase than the Uṣūl of al-Karkhī. The study further explores the varied ex-pressions of legal maxims during this early period, as reflected in the availa-ble early Ḥanafī tradition sources. The article identifies al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr as the foundational work for the independent development of legal maxims in this formative period, highlighting the evolution of their articulation prior to al-Karkhī’s contributions. It argues that the roots of these principles can be traced back to al-Shaybānī’s work, culminating in the formulations of al-Karkhī’s generation. This perspective is consistent with the functional role of legal maxims within the Ḥanafī school and reflects the specific nature of Is-lamic jurisprudence (fiqh). By shedding light on the second and third centu-ries AH, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of these periods, which have previously been addressed only in a general sense.

2025, Working Paper – Cultural Dialogues in Ethics

This paper is not a dictionary, but a reflective attempt to deconstruct the mental and cultural barriers that hinder the understanding of moral and social concepts in the Arab-Islamic world—especially when filtered through a Western or... more

2025, Australian Journal of Islamic Studies

This article offers a systematic philosophical study of the medieval Islamic debate over the possibility of seeing God (visio dei, ruʾyat Allāh), a doctrine that reveals an intersection of theology, epistemology and theories of perception. Moving beyond purely scriptural exegesis, the study reconstructs the major Muʿtazilī rational objections to Divine vision, focusing on their materialist theories of optics and their uncompromising commitment to Divine transcendence (tanzīh). In response, it analyses the counterarguments of Ashʿarī theologians, such as al-Ashʿarī, al-Bāqillānī, al-Juwaynī, al-Anṣārī and al-Rāzī, highlighting their methodological developments: from early occasionalist models of Divine action to later sophisticated critiques of Muʿtazilī extramission theories of vision. This study shows how later Ashʿarīs redefined vision as a direct, non-physical act of Divine creation, thereby preserving the possibility of seeing God without compromising His transcendence. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the adoption and adaptation of Avicennian intromission models of optics allowed thinkers like al-Rāzī to refine their metaphysical and epistemological frameworks. In doing so, the doctrine of visio dei in early kalām theological discourse emerges not merely as a theological point of faith but as a site of rich philosophical engagement with logic, metaphysics and natural philosophy.

2025, https://iferamoinstitut.education/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/

There is no doubt that both the Corona pandemic and the measures taken to
confront it have left and still have various psychological effects on many
groups of people, albeit to varying degrees. The roots of these psychological
effects come from two main intertwining factors; The first factor is the
tremendous rapid spread of the Coronavirus; This has led to and leads to
psychological stress, the most important of which are anxiety and
depression, especially when there is no specific treatment for it .
As for the second factor, it is represented by the measures that the countries
are obliged to take to confront the disease. Such as a long-term ban, and the
suspension of normal activities, especially economic ones; This increases
the psychological effects, but becomes a new source of anxiety, tension, fear
and depression.The economic effects of closure and embargo, high
unemployment, and entering into a state of financial insolvency all lead to
very great pressures on heads of households to meet the basic needs of them
and their families, and it is likely that it will expand the psychological
effects of all family members, and open fertile ground for more family
problems, of course. There are some groups of students who are more
vulnerable than others to the negative psychological effects of the pandemic
and its consequences, especially in the postgraduate stage.
Mental health professionals agree that the quarantine imposed on more than
a billion people around the world due to the Coronavirus pandemic is not an
easy matter, nor an underestimated subject, as it is an unprecedented and
exceptional measure that restricts individual freedoms. This situation causes
psychological problems for many people, especially those who fail to
positively deal with this condition .What are the psychological effects of
home quarantine on students of the private Sham University in Syria, and
how was it avoided?

2025, Revue de Tawāzun Pour les études civilisationnelles, développementales et stratégiques

This paper examines honor crimes in Syria and their legal treatment under the amended Syrian Penal Code. It analyzes the concept of “honor” as a justification for violence against women and evaluates the effectiveness of legal reforms that aim to eliminate legal excuses for such crimes. The study advocates for full gender equality and protection from gender-based violence in Syrian legislation and society.

2025

This study aims to objectively analyze one year's worth of Friday Khutbah texts prepared by JAKIM in 2012, in an endeavor to study the nature content in terms of its titles, topics, issues covered; to discover their relevance, strengths and weaknesses. Since, presently, the Friday Khutbah in Malaysia is facing many challenges and obstacles, in terms of the topics and issues covered, and the relevance of the contents for society, whether they can reflect with the changing needs of the society or not. It is vital that the Khutbah texts should be analyzed, since Friday Khutbah has a great role in enlightening the Muslim Ummah, as well as unifying them in their stand over the challenges facing them, it has effective influences and important role in changing the thoughts in our society in all walks of life. This study is particularly based on text analysis of the texts of Khutbah and reading materials on the topic. The study uses qualitative research which basically involves the tool...

2025, Hainliğe Övgü

Erasmus Deliliğe Övgü düzer de ben Hainliğe Övgü düzemez miyim? Eyyy Erasmus! Şimdi seninle kapışma vakti. Hainliğin her zaman kötü, dostluğun ise her zaman iyi olduğuna inanmıyorum. Dünyada mutlak iyi ve mutlak kötü olmadığına göre,... more

2025

Kriz ile kritik arasında Gazzâlî ve Tehâfut Gazzâlî, günümüzde, içinde bulunulan hâli gerekçelendirmek için, geriye doğru üretilmiş bir 'neden'dir. Buna göre, büyük oranda, her şeyin iyiye gittiği İslam temeddününde, Türklerin siyâsî hâkimiyeti ve bu hâkimiyete meşruiyet kazandıran Gazzâlî'yle birlikte, her şey kötüye, daha kötüye gitmeye başlamış, böylelikle, Fransızların Mısır'ı işgaline, dolayısıyla Arapların uyanışına (nahda) değin sürecek, hem genelde Akdeniz dünyasının hem de özelde Arap-İslam temeddünün gerilemesi başlamıştır. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile XX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'ni parçalamak için geliştirilen kültürel stratejinin bir ürünü olan bu söylemin etkisiyle, Arap milliyetçileri,

2025, Utilitas Mathematica Journal

Education plays a vital role in shaping the society and culture of a country. In Malaysia, university education has a great responsibility in shaping the thinking and values of the younger generation. To achieve this goal, university lecturers need to understand the basic concepts that are the core of national education with the concept of "Madani". Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of understanding of lecturers at the University of Selangor Bestari Jaya Campus about the concept of Madani. In addition, this study also examined the lecturers' approach to the application of Madani values in teaching and learning. This study also focused on the challenges faced by lecturers in the application of Madani concept. This study used a quantitative approach by using a questionnaire instrument and distributed it to all lecturers at the University of Selangor Bestari Jaya Campus. The data analysis process for this study used SPSS software. The study findings showed that the majority of lecturers have understood the concept of Madani. However, the majority of lecturers also agreed that they face challenges and constraints in applying the concept of Madani in teaching and learning. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can provide a more comprehensive and in-depth picture of the application of the Madani concept in teaching and learning.

2025, Potret Online

Sebelum Filsafat is a brilliantly written philosophical work by Indonesian academic Dr. Fahruddin Faiz. Originally published in Indonesia in 2013 under the title Falsafah Terdahulu, it was later translated into Malay and released in 2024 by Cendekia & MJS Press. In the author's home country, the book has gone through eight reprints—a testament to its popularity and the positive reception of both the work and its author. In all my philosophy classes, this book has consistently been recommended alongside other essential texts in English.
Dr. Fahruddin Faiz, is a scholar who hails from Mojokerto, East Java (Jawa Timur), Indonesia. He did his undergraduate in the Department of Aqidah and Philosophy at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta in 1998, his master's degree in the Department of Religion and Philosophy at the same university in 2001, and his doctoral degree in the Department of Islamic Studies at UIN Sunan Kalijaga in 2014. Currently, he serves as a lecturer and vice dean at the Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Thought at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. In addition, he is actively involved as a writer and speaker in various religious and intellectual forums across Indonesia. Ever since 2013, Dr. Fahruddin has been conducting classes on philosophy at Masjid Jendral Sudirman, Yogyakarta.
Unlike most works on philosophy, the language used in this book is made accessible for undergraduate students and others with an interest in the subject. The author communicates his philosophical ideas in a more discursive style. The book contains less jargon than is typically found in works by other authors. This simplified approach makes the book more appealing, even to those who might not usually be interested in philosophy. To date, Dr. Fahruddin Faiz has authored more than fourteen books, primarily exploring themes of philosophy, spirituality, and everyday human life.

2025

In this version, I address Dr. Tina Lindhard's detailed explanation of her work, in which she says, "My work is mostly about how to get below our rational thinking mind to reconnect our feeling mind consciousness with our hearts." It's... more

2025, Independent Academic Research – Unpublished Draft

This paper argues that reducing circumcision to mere biological function ignores its profound ethical, spiritual, and theological significance. Adrian C. Grant's article, "Circumcision Understood and Reconsidered," presents itself as a secular critique of circumcision across historical and religious contexts. While it claims to demystify the practice, it ultimately diminishes deeply rooted spiritual and cultural traditions into simplistic utilitarian and biological terms. This response identifies several historical inaccuracies, epistemological blind spots, and ideological biases embedded in Grant's framework. Special attention is given to his superficial portrayal of Islamic circumcision and his misleading conflation of male circumcision with female genital mutilation (FGM). Through critical analysis and academic counterpoints, the paper reveals logical inconsistencies and methodological weaknesses that compromise the scholarly validity of Grant's conclusions.

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Akıl ve nefs kavramları Kindî felsefesinde de Fârâbî felsefesinde de birbirinden kesin çizgilerle ayrılamayan, önemli iki kavramdır. Bu kavramlar ahlâkî bir içerikle incelendiğinde; Kindî'nin akıl anlayışında Aristocu tasnifi benimsediği ve felsefe tanımlarında ahlâk anlayışına dair önemli ipuçları bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Onun nefs anlayışında Platoncu, Yeni Platoncu ve Yeni Pythagorasçı unsurların etkili olduğu görülür. Fârâbî'nin ise bir "sistem filozofu" olma özelliği bu iki kavram incelemesinde bile dikkati çeker. Onun metafiziği, psikolojisi, ahlâk ve siyaset anlayışı birbiriyle ilişkilidir. O, fî Meânî el-Akl adlı risalesinde sistematik bir yaklaşımla aklı; a. Avamî b. Kelâmî c. Burhanî d. Ahlâkî e. Psikolojik ve Epistemolojik f. Metafizik akıl şeklinde tasnif etmiş, ahlâkî aklı da Nikomakhos'a Ethik'e dayanarak incelemiştir. Fârâbî'ye göre faal aklın insanı görüp gözetmesiyle kazanılan teorik yetkinlik, son aşamada ahlâkî yetkinliğe, "faal akılla itisal" şeklinde gerçekleşen "yüce mutluluk"a vesile olmaktadır. Fârâbî bunları dile getirirken saf bir Aristocu olarak görünmektedir.

2025

This article examines Ibn al-Arabi's approach to ethics and its sources, that is, Quranic, traditional sayings of the Prophet, Suis' writings and Miskawayh.

2025, Râgıb el-İsfahânî’de Adalet Kavramı

Adalet her dönemde cevaplanmayı bekleyen bir kavramdır. Bu kavram çoğu
filozof tarafından siyasi, hukuki, metafizik, etik boyutlarından bir veya birkaçı ile ele
alınmıştır. Özellikle Orta Çağ’da İslam filozofları tarafından incelenmiş hakkında
ayrıntılı açıklamalar yapılmıştır. İslam ahlak düşünürlerinden Râgıb el-İsfahânî’nin de
Adalet kavramına kayda değer katkıları olmuştur.
Râgıb el-İsfahânî’nin dört eserini genel olarak değerlendirmek faydalı olacaktır.
İlk olarak Zeria adlı eserde genel olarak adalet ve onunla ilişkili olan zulüm, sevgi,
düşmanlık kavramların sözlük anlamı verilmiş ve bu kavramların naslarla irtibatına
değinilmiştir. Bu eserde adaletin ahlaki, ekonomik ve sosyo-politik yönüne işaret
edilmiştir.
Mutluluğun Kazanılması adlı eserde ise adaletin daha ziyade ahlaki ve sosyal
yönü ele alınmıştır. Şeriatın hem külli hem de cüz’i olanı bildirdiği ifade edilmiştir. Zeria
eserinde de bu durum mutlak ve mukayyed adalet türünde bahsedilmiştir, kimi ahlak ve
adalet kurallarının akıl ile bilinebileceğini savunurken kimi de şeriat ile bilinebileceğini
savunmuştur.
Müfredat adlı eserde de adaletin eşitlik, denklik anlamına, adaletle ilişkili olan
muhabbet kavramına, adaletin zıddı olan hataya, hatanın çeşitlerine, zulüm, kıst ve vasat
kavramlarına değindik. Mukaddimetü Camii’t-Tefsir eserinde ise genel olarak hak
kavramı, aklın önemi üzerinde durulmuştur.
Râgıb el-İsfahânî’nin erdemler tasnifinde Aristoteles ve İbn Miskeveyh’den
etkilendiğini görmekteyiz. Aristoteles’in orta yol prensibine bağlı kalmış, bu durumu ayet
ve hadislerle de delillendirmiştir. İbn Miskeveyh’in de üçlü erdem taksiminden
etkilenmiş bununla birlikte hilafet ve kulluk görevinden de bahsederek bu erdemleri
İslami bir anlayışla yoğurmuştur. Genel olarak da Râgıb el-İsfahânî’nin önceki felsefi birikimi iyi bir şekilde okuduğunu ve bu felsefi birikimi ile İslam dininin ilkelerini
birleştirdiğini böylece kendi özgün görüşlerini ortaya koyduğunu görmekteyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Râgıb el-İsfahânî, Adalet, Erdem, Sevgi, Düşmanlık

2025

The preoccupation of Islamic thinkers with the formation of moral subjects (themselves and others) motivated their deployments of different conceptual frameworks to satisfy paradigmatic moral requirements. These intellectual pursuits are... more

2025, Edukata Islame

Abstract
This paper focuses on hadiths that speak about the Qur’an from
different perspectives. Its purpose is to shed light on these hadiths
and the lessons that are gained from them. The paper aims to
analyze these hadiths, to document the connection between the
Qur’an and the Sunnah as two divine sources. The Sunnah too, as is
known, is a revelation, because the Prophet Muhammad, peace be
upon him, did not speak from conjecture, but from what was
revealed to him by God Almighty. The importance of the paper lies
in providing this material in a more concise form and according to
practice in the Science of Thematic Hadith. The paper has a
descriptive character. Due to its nature, we have also provided the
texts of the hadiths in the original, documenting in this case not
only the source, but also their rank. A priori we have avoided any
hadith whose accuracy has not been confirmed. We have limited
ourselves to a series of hadiths that serve the purpose of our paper,
and have not aimed to include every hadith that has to do with this
topic. The results of the paper have confirmed the importance of the
hadith in religious treatises, in general, and in the description of the
Qur’an and the issues related to it, in particular. The paper
recommends to researchers that the thematic hadith be given
greater importance and space due to its comprehensive content and
details.
Keywords: Qur’an, Sunnah, hadith, revelation, prophet Muhammad, religion.

2025

Food Security and Islamic Ethics explores three overarching areas: the world response to the challenge of sustainable food security; the Islamic perspective on addressing food security issues; and concerns for the most vulnerable groups facing this crisis, including women, children, migrants and the displaced. Chapters present in-depth case studies from locations across the globe, including Africa, Asia and North America. Ultimately, the book addresses how Islamic ethics can and do inform policy and practice in order to secure adequate food and nutrition for populations in the Muslim world and Muslims in non-Muslim countries.

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

2025

15. yy Osmanlı ulemasının önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Tokatlı Molla Lutfi (ö.900/1495), II. Bayezid’in huzurunda alimlerle yapmış olduğu tartışmayı padişahın emriyle kaleme alarak Seyyid Şerîf Cürcânî’nin (ö. 816) hikmetin (felsefe) “mevzûsuna” dair ileri sürdüğü argümanları çeşitli yönlerden eleştirir ve ilimlerin konusu hakkında bir tartışma başlatır. Cürcânî’nin temel eserlerinden yaptıkları alıntıları değerlendirmek suretiyle bir ilmin birden çok mevzûsu olabilir mi, ilimlerin konularında zikredilen haysiyet kaydı nedir, meselelerin iştiraki ilimlerin birbirinden ayrışmasında ne derece önemlidir gibi sorulara cevap vermeye çalışır. Molla Lutfi’nin es-Seb‘u’ş-şidâd adını verdiği bu risalesi, kendisinden önceki düşünce geleneğini sorgulaması, ortaya koymuş olduğu çözüm önerileri ile yeni bir tartışma zeminini başlatması açısından önemlidir.

2025, مراعاة التماسك والاستقرار الأسري في العطايا المالية الأسرية

Family and Human Cohesion Values in Islamic Sharia:
The Rules of Gift Giving for Children and Spouses as a Case Study
ABSTRACT
This study examines how Islamic Sharia manages financial contracts within families to uphold familial unity, equilibrium, and stability. It investigates the regulations, conditions, and effects of gift contracts, illustrating Sharia's integration of gifts between parents and children, and spouses. This integration complements marital laws, harmonizing with marital ties, kinship, and affinity, establishing a unique familial system that fosters cohesion and stability within marriages.
Two aspects are analyzed: firstly, Sharia mandates financial support to relatives and spouses during life and after death through gifts, wills, and inheritance, treating them as partners akin to kinship and lineage partners. Parental gifts to children and spouses aim to solidify new marriages, strengthen kinship and affinity relationships, and ensure stability within the familial and social structure.
Secondly, Sharia imposes precautions against exploiting familial giving for love, affection, and kinship, requiring justice and transparent acknowledgment of ownership to prevent discord and preserve family ties. Sharia prohibits retracting gifts, sanctifying family relations as inviolable and irreversible, magnifying the sanctity of marriage bonds.
Some scholars extend this prohibition to grandparents, enhancing kinship and love between family members. This divine coherence in Sharia emphasizes its compassion and nobility, transforming wealth into a conduit for familial bonds resilient against marital discord. Even amid marital dissolution, familial structures endure, fortified by kinship bonds and softened by affinity, preserving the family's moral fabric against division and enmity.

2025

This article explores the concept of "middle path" leadership, integrating Western values and Islamic principles. Western leadership, emphasizing rationality, individual rights, and meritocracy, is balanced with Islamic values such as Tawhid, Shura, and justice. The article aims to propose a balanced leadership framework, combining ethical and inclusive principles from both traditions to create a leadership model applicable in an increasingly pluralistic and interconnected world. The main focus is on harmonizing universal values and addressing the challenges of their implementation.

2025, Muslim Humanitarianism Review

In humanitarianism, various frameworks and ideologies guide actions to alleviate human suffering and promote justice. Among these, the Islamic perspective, deeply rooted in Quranic teachings and Prophetic traditions, offers a unique approach. This paper explores the significance of Al-Mizan: A Covenant for the Earth as a possible framework for Muslim humanitarianism working on climate change. The covenant underpins the idea of balance and Justice within Islam and its connection to nature. This paper argues that this can help in shaping Muslim humanitarian efforts. By examining the intersections of Al-Mizan, Islam, and nature, the paper uncovers these intersections' richness and practical utility in fostering compassionate and sustainable humanitarian actions among Muslims to address climate change.

2025, Philosophy of Religion in Islam: A Reader of Classical Sources

This is the first anthology to represent the contributions and perspectives of medieval Islamic scholars on philosophy of religion. Assembling and translating 63 key texts, including many never before published in English, it captures the variety and influence of Islamic thought on how we think about the existence of God, the problem of evil and the relationship between faith and reason.

2025, Reinterpreting Slavery in Islam: A Quranic and Prophetic Framework for Abolition

This study reexamines slavery in Islam through a Quranic and Prophetic lens, arguing that the Islamic legal tradition's historical permissibility of slavery-particularly sex slaverycontradicts the faith's foundational principles of justice and mercy. By analyzing key Quranic verses (e.g., 4:25, 23:5-6), Ahadith, historical details and classical jurisprudence, the paper demonstrates that the Quran mandated marriage for intimacy with female slaves, prohibited forced concubinage, and prioritised emancipation. Ultimately, it asserts that Islam's ethical objective was the progressive eradication of slavery, aligning with its broader mission to abolish oppression. The findings urge contemporary Muslims to reject outdated rulings and realign with the Quran's emancipatory vision.

2025

In this delicate stage of the Ummah's journey, the traditional tools for overseeing financial resources and preventing non-halal diversions are no longer sufficient to meet the complexity of the digital and globalized era. When intention is sincere but unprotected by adequate mechanisms, deviations may emerge-not from corruption, but from insufficiency. Perhaps the time has come to consider new technical instruments capable of protecting ethical traceability and transparent hisāb (accountability), without nullifying niyyah (intent) or compromising the essence of the sharī'a. This is not a call to alter sacred norms, nor to normalize relations with those outside the creed of the Ummah. But it may be jurisprudentially legitimate to examine whether a halal-traceable digital framework-with dual oversight (fiqhī and technical), rejection of ribā, and potential inclusion of a non-Muslim actor in a delegated amin (custodial) role without wilāyah-could represent a valid extension of the maqāṣid. This is not a fatwā. Nor a final opinion. It is an istiftā' ṣāmit (silent consultation), addressed to those whose wisdom guides the community toward the tools that preserve-not replace-the spirit of Islam.

2025, Unpublished

This paper critiques original sin and vicarious atonement in Christianity, arguing they portray humans as broken and ethically helpless. In contrast, Islam affirms innate moral accountability through fitrah and tawḥīd. Highlighting scriptural and civilizational evidence, the paper presents Islam as a coherent, rational, and just framework for understanding human nature, suffering, and salvation.